Apparatus Of Logic Research Articles

МОДЕЛЬ НЕЧЕТКОГО ЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ВЫВОДА ОЦЕНКИ ЭНЕРГОЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

At industrial enterprises, a significant amount of energy resources, including electricity, are consumed during production processes. Therefore, reducing the consumption of electrical energy in the production of products is an important and urgent task, the solution of which ensures a cost reduction of products and an increase in the competitiveness of the enterprise in various markets. The solution of this problem is complicated by the fact that the level of electricity consumption at a particular enterprise depends on many factors, one part of which is expressed in the form of quantitative data, and the other in the form of qualitative ones. In addition, both the first and second groups of data in most cases have uncertainty and incompleteness of the information used. These features create significant difficulties in obtaining reasonable and objective estimates of the efficiency of the use of electrical energy in industrial enterprises. Overcoming such difficulties is possible with the use of the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logic. The results obtained make it possible to see objective and reasonable estimates of the influence of various factors, expressed both in quantitative and qualitative form, on the efficiency of electric energy consumption in the production processes of industrial enterprises. The use of such assessments will allow developing and applying effective measures to reduce electricity consumption. The implementation of the results of the work contributes to efficiency increase of electricity in industrial enterprises, which ensures an increase in its competitiveness.

Mathematical methods of risk assessment of agricultural enterprises

Methods. The results are obtained through the use of methods: abstraction – in determining the nature of the category «risk»; analysis and synthesis – in highlighting the nature of the risks of agricultural enterprises; logical and historical – in the study of the evolution of approaches to determining the risks of agricultural enterprises; method of classifications – when summarizing the existing approaches to mathematical methods of risk assessment in groups; general and special - in establishing the unity of existing methods of risk assessment; comparison – to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the types of mathematical assessment of the magnitude of risks; abstract-logical analysis – to generalize and formulate conclusions. Results. It is established that against the background of a large number of definitions of risk in the scientific literature there is no established understanding of it. The essential features of agricultural production are analyzed and their influence on the formation of risks of agricultural enterprises is determined. The essential signs of risks of agricultural enterprises and their features are revealed. There is analyzed the essence of the main modern methods of risk assessment and modeling in relation to agro-industrial enterprises (deterministic method, statistical method, probabilistic-statistical method, theoretical-probabilistic method, logical-linguistic method, simulation method, expert method, especially fuzzy sets method). The advantages of using fuzzy logic methods to assess the risks of agricultural enterprises are shown. An algorithm for risk assessment based on the fuzzy logic method is presented. Novelty. On the basis of theoretical and analytical generalizations on mathematical methods of risk assessment of agricultural enterprises, there is substantiated the possibility of using the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logic and logical-linguistic modeling to assess the source information, which has a fuzzy, uncertain and probabilistic nature. Practical value. The development of methods for identifying and describing sources of danger, as well as the conditions of their manifestation during the operation of these facilities is crucial to the development and implementation of measures to prevent risks on agricultural sites. The limitations of available scientific and methodological materials does not meet practical needs. Therefore, the use of logical-linguistic modeling to assess risks seems promising. This assessment of the presentation of fuzzy information is the most acceptable, as it allows to formalize the knowledge of experts in a convenient semantic form.

The meaning of the "ideal type" construction for the formation of the conceptual apparatus of sociological and psychological theories of law

The article examines the features of the formation of the conceptual and methodological apparatus of sociological and psychological theories of law from the point of view of the use of such a key concept as "ideal type" and its analogues. The study demonstrates that, although both areas of study and understanding of law – sociological and psychological – were based on empirical research methods and corresponding logical-conceptual constructions, quasi-rationalistic techniques were essential for them, which gave the character of an "understanding" science, which is not limited only to descriptive tasks, but claims to express normative judgments. Using the example of the ideas of M. Weber, R. Stammler, V. Wundt, G. Radbruch, L.I. Petrazhitsky and some other legal scientists and social philosophers, the spread of the "ideal type" technique and its analogues in empirically oriented theories of law is shown. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that it presents original judgments about the role and meaning of the "ideal type" construction for the formation of the conceptual and logical apparatus of socio-psychological theories of law in the recent history of legal thought. It is demonstrated that this construction is a characteristic method of analyzing law in psychological and sociological approaches to it, and is present in one form or another in a wide range of relevant areas of legal thought. The study shows that the construction of the ideal type is associated with such socio-psychological attitudes as "healthy legal psyche", "normal legal consciousness" and others.

Stability Study of a Neuro-Fuzzy Output System Based on Ratio Area Method

Purpose of research is to study the hypothesis about the possibility of changing the type of transition process during training in a neuro-fuzzy inference system based on area ratio method, and to study the properties of weight coefficient influence on its stability.Methods. An apparatus of fuzzy logic is used for the development of a neuro-fuzzy output system. At the same time, input and output variables are described by triangular membership functions. Mamdani implication model was used in the compositional rule. A linear model of area ratio was used in defasification. The reverse error propagation method was used during training.Results. In experimental studies, it was found that the proposed neuro-fuzzy model based on area ratio method allows to change the type of transition process, namely, to transform oscillatory process into an aperiodic (monotonic) process. In experimental studies, it was also found that the stability of neuro-fuzzy output system is more influenced by the weight coefficient determined in calculating the total area of membership output functions. Thus, the obtained results prove: first, that the proposed neuro-odd output system ensures the transformation of transfer characteristics, and second, ensures its stability in a given range of weight coefficient characteristics.Conclusion: The architecture of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy output system based on a linear method of area ratio is described. A distinctive feature of the proposed architecture is the use of an odd system of triangular accessory functions at inputs and outputs. Analysis of the simulation process of its training showed that it s important to ensure stability during training. It is also necessary to establish permissible values of the weight coefficient, numerical values of which in its turn affect the transformation of transfer characteristics of a neuro-fuzzy output system.

Ring structures of the Norilsk metallogenic district in neural network cluster analysis of geophysical data

An integrated geophysical and mathematical model of the Norilsk metallogenic region has been built according to the authors’ method of automatic express interpretation of areal geophysical data. It consists of fifteen levels of hierarchy. The model is based on the use of the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logic — artificial neural networks without a teacher using the method of self-organizing Kohonen maps. Formation of cluster groups is justified. Clusters characterize to the greatest extent possible connections between multidimensional geophysical data. The presence of relationships between them is analyzed by identifying correlation dependences. Analysis of various geophysical transformants using self-organizing Kohonen maps is carried out. A number of input indicators-representatives of their groups are determined, on the basis of which a geophysical-mathematical model is built. A model in the form of a two-dimensional map of clusters using fuzzy logic tools. Terminological sets were formed for each group of clusters. The form of membership functions of previously unknown geological objects is given according to new interpreted data. The calculated clusters according to the results of the study reflect the northwestern fragment of the basaltic magmatism fields of the trap formation, within which two ring structures have been distinguished. In the western part of the study area, the model ring structure reflects the Bolgokhtokhsky stock of granodiorites. The second, the Pyasinskaya ring structure, previously unknown, indicates the presence of a dome-shaped object at a great depth — a possible source of root zones of intrusions of the Norilsk complex. The conducted experimental study confirmed the adequacy of the constructed model and the effectiveness of its use for the purpose of express analysis of geophysical data and decision-making in geological prospecting tasks.

The concept and classification of legal fictions in the modern legal science

The article analyzes the essence of the «legal fiction» category from the position of the traditional approach, according to which it is considered exclusively as a means of legal technology, as well as a way of replenishing gaps in legislation and as a legal fact. The opinion is given of the need to study and distinguish between such concepts: «legal fiction», «fictitious norm», «fictitious action», «fictitious state», as well as the release of legal fiction from negative characteristics, since it has a huge positive potential and as a means of legal technique It plays an exceptionally positive role, performing the function of protecting various interests and the function of procedural economy, contributing to the rapid and proper permission of the case on the merits. The following main signs of legal fiction are allocated: indisputability, deliberate falsity, regulativity, imperativeness (in rare cases, dispositional), intentional deformation of reality.The logical apparatus of dialectic categories is applied to determine the essence of the category “fiction”, which makes it possible to reveal this category from the standpoint of its development and internal content. Owing to the use of such an approach, the formation of a conceptual apparatus becomes possible, which, in turn, contributes to the deepening of legal knowledge, as well as the identification of the right not yet disclosed properties.The position is argued that the study of the role of fiction role in the legal sphere not only acquires particular relevance, but also requires a certain rethinking, clarification and appropriate additions, taking into account changes in the development of public relations and processes that occur in the modern world. It is important to adhere to the general traditions of domestic jurisprudence, but practice dictates new realities, which are due to changes in public and government development, the formation of a new look at the toolkit used in legal life, which is already tested by practice and can be used to improve the effectiveness of the law mechanism, precisely It belongs to legal fiction, which is widely used in the material and procedural industries of Ukrainian law. At the present stage of the development of the legal system, it is not necessary to deny the importance of legal ficiations, they constitute an absolutely indispensable tool of law-making technology and necessary in terms of legislation.

МАТЕМАТИЧНИЙ ОПИС ОПЕРАЦІЇ НЕРІВНОЗНАЧНОСТІ В ЛОГІКО-ЧАСОВОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ

Currently, there is an urgent problem of information security, which is related to the preservation of the confidentiality of information processed and stored in computer systems. The integrity and confidentiality of information is of great importance for the competitiveness and reputation of an organization or enterprise. Analytical processing of digital signals in a graphical or purely digital representation is somewhat limited and does not take into account the dynamics of signals and messages. To facilitate the preprocessing of dynamic digital variables and signals, the logic-time function of multivalued logic can be used. The article notes that computational mathematical modeling is becoming the main tool for studying complex dynamic processes and systems. The classical apparatus of logic is insufficient to describe the dynamics of system behavior over time. Therefore, it is important to develop models of so-called Boolean differential calculus, as this approach is based on the general concept of changing the logical variable, which will lead to a universal, in terms of dynamics, system of concepts and operations. It is shown that for the logic-time function of binary logic, this operation coincides with the sum modulo two. You can use the logic-time function of multivalued logic to facilitate the pre-processing of dynamic digital variables and signals. The paper considers one of the important operations - the operation of inequality and some of its properties. Inequality will allow, in the future, to introduce more complex operations on multivalued logical-temporal functions, such as derivative and initial, and to perform encoding, encryption of information in the logical-temporal environment. The possibility of using inequality when constructing indicator operations and variable differential is demonstrated. The implementation scheme of the inequality operation is modeled.

Fuzzy expert system based on the principles of multi-criteria choice of alternatives using fuzzy inference rules

The article presents the results of the development of the expert system software module based on fuzzy logic methods, which allows calculating the most profitable alternative based on a certain evaluation matrix of alternatives and criteria, and certain selection rules. The problem of increasing the efficiency of decision-making of various tasks with the help of a fuzzy expert system is solved. The paper shows the implementation of one of the modules of the expert system using the fuzzy logic apparatus in order to select a journal to publish an article.

Mathematical models for assessing the investment attractiveness of oil companies

The article is devoted to the development of economic and mathematical tools for assessing the level of investment attractiveness of oil companies. It is noted that the oil industry is the driver of economic development of any country. The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant problem of instability in the Russian oil sector. This problem is of a strategic nature and its solution requires the activation of investment in the oil complex enterprises and, as a result, the development and use of model tools to assess the level of investment attractiveness of investment objects. The economic and mathematical model proposed in this article is based on the application of the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logic and allows us to give a quantitative assessment of the investment climate of oil companies when operating with qualitatively defined characteristics (multipliers).

A rating system for the knowledge assessment within a university graduate competence formation

Assessment of educational achievements of university students on the basis of rating and competence-based approaches is an urgent issue of pedagogy, psychology and methodology and requires research of various approaches and the search for effective methods of such an assessment. The main emphasis in the article is made on the study of the existing problems of the formation of a competence model of a university graduate, the formation of key competencies, the development of professional skills and their assessment. The author proposes a competence model and a method for assessing the level of competence formation of university students based on the apparatus of fuzzy logic, the author proves the expediency of its use, describes the features of analyzing and processing data, identifies further areas of research on this issue.

Автоматическая настройка программных средств размещения пользовательских схем на ПЛИС

Searching for new ways to improve the efficiency of integrated circuits (IC) led to the development of specialized heterogeneous configurable IC (FPGA) and systems-on-a-chip. Their key feature is an extended interpretation of standard cell library, containing ready-to-use IP cores along with standard cells. Specific customer designs require the flexibility of the configurable heterogeneous IC’s architecture and, therefore, automatic CAD clustering and placement algorithms configuration. The development of efficient configuration methods and algorithms is impossible without relying on the mathematical apparatus. In this work, such mathematical apparatus is provided. The authors described a set-theoretic model of a hierarchical project and formalized the hierarchical approach to the netlist, using the apparatus of mathematical logic, set and graph theories. The correspondence between the customers designs’ elements and FPGA’s elements has been formalized to provide fast clustering and placement configuration. The obtained results provide the basis for future efficient methods for automatic placement and clustering configuration.

Modelling an impact of enterprises’ investment activity on the level of a region’s sustainable development using fuzzy logic apparatus

The social and economic component of regional development characterizes the processes that take place with the participation of all subjects of a regional economy, which are aimed at achieving economically feasible results while ensuring stable improvement of the level and quality of life of the population. Theoretical and practical issues related to the interconnection of interests, goals and objectives of the social and economic development of systems of different levels are of great importance. It should be noted that the "points of economic growth" in the region are enterprises located in its territory. The potential of their socio-economic development can be revealed through the synergy of interests of the region and enterprises. The mechanism for achieving this can be modeling an impact of enterprises’ investment activity on the sustainable development of the region. The urgency of enhancing enterprises’ investment activity in the region, in particular – in conditions of growing unsustainable market conditions, is obvious, as ensuring the efficiency of their operation and intensification of investment activity is one of the most important functions not only of each enterprise but also the region and the state in general. In industrial regions, the regional government is interested and ready to assist in the enterprises’ upgrading, as it directly faces a lot of problems associated with their low technological level. The use of outdated technologies, physical and moral depreciation of equipment invariably cause a low level of labor productivity, high costs of manufacturing, its low quality, which leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of enterprises in the region. Such enterprises have a negative impact on the environment. All this together affects the level and quality of life of the population, which is a key indicator of the effectiveness of regional authorities. Thus, it can be noted that in modern conditions the emphasis in the transition to investment and innovation development is naturally shifted to the level of regions. Ensuring balanced social and economic development of regions in dynamic conditions of structural and organizational transformations and uncertainty is an crucial, complex and multifaceted problem, for the effective solution of which it is necessary to use effective means of economic assessment of feasibility, effectiveness and risks of socio-economic transformations, as well as appropriate means of assessments and regulations, which should include tools for indicative management.

Interrelation of types of separate forms of logic and linguistic models and types of sentences of natural language

The article proposes an apparatus of logic and linguistic modeling for extracting knowledge from electronic text documents. Different types of forms of logic and linguistic models have been singled out for the formalized representation of complex sentences of natural language. The author formulates the rules and carries out the classification of separate forms of logic and linguistic models depending on syntactic constructions of sentences natural language. Such separate forms of logic and linguistic models are templates with certain logical operations, which are used depending on the punctuation marks and connecting words applied in sentences. The specific order of simple predicates depends on the logical connections between simple sentences in the structure of the complex one. This allows to develop an algorithm for further analysis of textual information and its recovery from formal models of knowledge representation. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 12 titles.

The onboard expert measuring system for assessing the technogenic risk during towing operations based on the fuzzy logic

The article describes a method used to create an on-board measuring system to determine the degree of risk in towing operations using the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logic. Based on the method of paired comparisons and transformations and using the interpolation method, membership functions of linguistic variables for determining the degree of risk were calculated. To eliminate the misperception of control commands in the tug in towing operations, the concordance component of risks was used. This method was used to assess the risk value for mooring with several operations. The on-board measuring system for risk assessment was developed. Its main component is a data bank containing factors that affect an assessment of the state and results of the fuzzy logic unit. The system can assist skippers in the decision-making process in shipboard operations. The fuzzy logic system was tested by interviewing maritime workers; the result proved the adequacy of this system.

ОЦЕНКА И АНАЛИЗ АЭРОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ВОЗДУШНЫХ ПОТОКОВ ДЛЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ВЫБОРА СХЕМ ВОЗДУХООБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ В УГОЛЬНЫХ ШАХТАХ

The article examines a complex technical system on the example of air supply of coal mines, characterized by: multicomponent, a large number of quantitative and qualitative parameters, nonlinearity of interdependencies between them; incompleteness of information, the complexity of experimental research, the risks of dangerous situations and the catastrophic nature of their consequences; the uniqueness of the modes and conditions of the systems functioning. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology for assessing and analyzing the aerodynamic parameters of air flows for the effective selection of air supply schemes in coal mines using the decomposition method. Research methodology: the solution of the set tasks is based on modern methods of mathematical statistics; graph theory; decision theory; apparatus of mathematical logic; factor analysis; mathematical modeling; set theory; reliability theory and systems analysis. Research results. A method for the analysis and analytical modeling of complex technical systems of variable structure (CTS VS) is developed, focused on the features of these systems and their processes in conditions of incomplete information, different quality data on their state and functioning, which differs from the known ones by a combination of the capabilities of analytical and statistical approaches to the construction of CTS VS models, which allows to adapt to changes in systemic and external factors, improve the accuracy of modeling, and also typify the presentation of fuzzy situational features for effective management of the CTS VS. Conclusion. A method has been developed for assessing the reliability of the parameters of the CTS VS based on the algorithms for analyzing and assessing the reliability of the CTS VS, the algorithm for the formation of the most complete subsets listing in the graph all possible compatible subsets of a given set of vertices differing in that they are based on the analysis of enlarged states and decomposition of the structural diagram, which allows analytical and statistical studies to significantly increase the accuracy of assessing the reliability of CTS VS and reduce the amount of calculations. Result: the proposed methods were used to solve the problems of air distribution control in coal mines.

THE METHOD OF EVALUATING THE OPERATION OF RADIO TECHNICIANS OF SPECIAL PURPOSE IN EXTREME (CRISIS) SITUATIONS

In extreme (crisis) situations, tasks arise, requiring an answer to the question of the effectiveness of decisions made. When using radio technicians of special purpose, the results depend on both the ability of the equipment and its condition and from the service personnel. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the presence of targeted interfering factors. The paper proposed a method for evaluating the operation of radio equipment for special purpose in extreme (crisis) situations, a distinguishing feature of which is to account for the mutual influence of the components of the system. The evolution of the basic component of operation is proposed to approximate polynomial dependence using a fuzzy logic apparatus when making resulting solutions.

A MODEL OF DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES DETERMINATION FOR DEFENSE SPHERE

The paper describes a model determining the list of disruptive technologies in the defense sector based on the apparatus of fuzzy logic. Input linguistic variables are indicators that determine the criticality of technologies. Each input indicator reflects the presence or absence of a certain feature in the evaluated technologies, so a simple linguistic evaluation is used. However, for the most part only objective evaluations are used without the expert’s opinion. The proposed model is presented in the form of seven fuzzy inference systems, which are arranged hierarchically. The method of bibliometric analysis for determining the prospects of technologies is described and improved. The level of technologies criticality is determined as a result of fuzzy evaluation. It is proposed to apply a new principle of technologies selection as disruptive or critical ones.

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR THE INTERACTIVE CONSTRUCTION OF EXPLANATIONS IN INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS BASED ON THE PROBABILISTIC APPROACH

Subject: the use of the apparatus of temporal logic and probabilistic approaches to construct an explanation of the results of the work of an intelligent system in order to increase the efficiency of using the solutions and recommendations obtained. Purpose: development of a method for constructing explanations in intelligent systems with the ability to form and evaluate several alternative interpretations of the results of the operation of such a system. Tasks: justification for the use of the black box principle for interactive construction of explanations; development of a pattern explanation model that provides for probabilistic estimation; development of a method of interactive construction of explanations on the basis of the probabilistic approach. Methods: methods of data analysis, methods of system analysis, methods of constructing explanations, models of knowledge representation. Results: A model of the explanation pattern is proposed, which contains temporal regulations reflecting the sequence of user interaction with an intelligent system, which allows the formation of explanations based on a comparison of the actions of the current user and other well-known users. An interactive method for constructing explanations based on a probabilistic approach has been developed; the method uses patterns of user interaction with an intelligent system and contains phases of constructing patterns of explanations and forming explanations using the obtained patterns. The method organizes the received explanations according to the likelihood of use, which makes it possible to form target and alternative explanations for the user. Conclusions: The use of the black box principle for the development of a probabilistic approach to the construction of explanations in intelligent systems has been substantiated. A model of a pattern of explanations based on temporal regulations is proposed. The model reflects the sequence of user interaction with the intelligent system when receiving decisions and recommendations and contains an interaction pattern as part of temporal regulations that have weight, and also determines the likelihood of using the user interaction pattern. An interactive method for constructing explanations has been developed, considering the interaction of the user with the intelligent system. The method includes phases and stages of the formation of regulations and patterns of user interaction with the determination of the probability of their implementation, as well as the ordering of patterns according to the probability of their implementation. The implementation of the method was carried out when constructing explanations for recommender systems.

Improving the ship's power plant automatic control system by using a model-oriented decision support system in order to reduce accident rate under the transitional and dynamic modes of operation

This paper proposes a method to improve the performance of a ship's power plant by reducing accidents within it under transitional operating modes. The method is based on decreasing the number of service personnel errors by using a model-oriented decision support system. In order to implement the proposed method, the structure of the system of automatic control of the ship's power plant has been improved. Such an improvement of the control system implied the integration of a modeling unit and a decision support unit into its structure. The modeling unit makes it possible to predict values of the controlled parameters under a transition mode of operation before they actually appear in the system as a result of the operator's actions. A mathematical model of the automatic control system under transitional operating modes has been built for this unit. In order to implement the decision support unit, a method has been devised to formalize the task of managing the power plant under transitional operating modes. The method essentially involves modeling a transitional operating regime, followed by an evaluation of the results based on regulatory requirements and an empirical criterion for assessing the quality of enabling the diesel generators to work in parallel. In addition, a method has been developed for the decision support unit to reduce the accident rate and improve performance with the help of a mathematical apparatus of fuzzy inference, fuzzy logic, and fuzzy sets. Transitional operating regimes resulting from actual erroneous operator actions during ship flights were investigated. As a result of using the proposed system, the power plant performance increases

MODELS AND FUZZY MICROCLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEM IN THE STORAGE OF ARCHIV GE OF ARCHIVAL DOCUMEN AL DOCUMENTS

In this article, the main object of research is the creation of appropriate microclimatic conditions to ensure reliable and high-quality storage of archival documents, as well as automatic control of the optimal values of the main parameters of the external and internal environment that directly affect the quality of storage. To control the microclimate, three categories of models for automatic control of these parameters are considered separately in the archives: the “white box”, “black box” and “gray box " models. The results of the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the considered models are presented. The generalized structure of the microclimate management system is also given, as well as a list of controlled and changeable parameters of the microclimate management system of archives. It is proposed to use the fuzzy logic apparatus to create microclimate control systems in archival repositories, which allows synthesizing stable algorithms for its functioning in conditions of uncertainty. The specific steps that need to be performed when designing and using fuzzy inference systems and which are implemented based on the rules of fuzzy logic are listed. When designing and using fuzzy inference systems, it is necessary to observe certain stages that are implemented based on the rules of fuzzy logic. A generalized algorithm for forming a rule base with a technique for implementing the fuzzy inference procedure is presented. The tasks that need to be solved when designing a fuzzy control system are indicated. A system of automatic temperature control in archival repositories with a fuzzy logic controller is presented.