Logic Applications Research Articles

Translation of a Bipolar Fuzzy Set in Hilbert Algebras

This study explores the application of bipolar fuzzy set theory within Hilbert algebras, introducing and examining the concept of bipolar fuzzy (β, α)-translations of a bipolar fuzzy set φ =(φ+, φ−) in two distinct forms: Type I and Type II. Fundamental properties of these bipolar fuzzy translations are investigated in depth, alongside the introduction of bipolar fuzzy extensions andintensities, broadening the utility and flexibility of bipolar fuzzy sets in capturing nuanced bipolar information. Moreover, this work addresses the intricate relationships between the complement of a bipolar fuzzy subalgebra, bipolar fuzzy ideal, and bipolar fuzzy deductive system with respect to their level cuts. The findings significantly contribute to the broader theoretical foundation and potential applications of bipolar fuzzy logic in Hilbert algebras, offering valuable insights for managing complex bipolar information in uncertain environments.

Retraction Note: Implementation of efficient reconfigurable FIR filter with control logic for 5G applications

Retraction Note: Implementation of efficient reconfigurable FIR filter with control logic for 5G applications

A comparison of imprecise Bayesianism and Dempster–Shafer theory for automated decisions under ambiguity

Abstract Ambiguity occurs insofar as a reasoner lacks information about the relevant physical probabilities. There are objections to the application of standard Bayesian inductive logic and decision theory in contexts of significant ambiguity. A variety of alternative frameworks for reasoning under ambiguity have been proposed. Two of the most prominent are Imprecise Bayesianism and Dempster–Shafer theory. We compare these inductive logics with respect to the Ambiguity Dilemma, which is a problem that has been raised for Imprecise Bayesianism. We develop an agent-based model comparison that isolates the difference between the two inductive logics in their updating methods. We find that Dempster–Shafer theory does not avoid the Ambiguity Dilemma. We discuss the implications of this result.

The End of Quantitative Research in Social Work? The Threat Posed by Postmodern/Critical Theory's Increasing Colonization of Academia

Quantitative research plays an instrumental role in facilitating health and wellness. Effective interventions are developed, assessed, and refined through the application of logic and empirical evidence in a scientific milieu characterized by diverse views. However, the increasing colonization of academic discourse by postmodern/critical theory (PCT) may undermine foundational concepts upon which quantitative research rests. The postpositivist tradition in which quantitative methods are embedded emphasizes probabilistic truth, logic, empirical evidence, and the interplay of diverse, frequently conflicting perspectives. Conversely, some currents of thought within PCT emphasize multiple realities, intuition, personal stories of lived experience, and the exclusion of views that challenge PCT tenets. The increasing adoption of these concepts in academia may limit or even delegitimize quantitative research as currently practiced in social work. We conclude by arguing that social work clients are best served by a scientific discourse that values multiple theoretical frameworks, research methodologies, and scientists operating from different social locations.

Progress and challenges in the synthesis of two-dimensional Van der Waals ferroic materials and heterostructures

Abstract Two-dimensional ferroelectric and magnetic van der Waals materials are emergent platforms for the discovery of novel cooperative quantum phenomena and development of energy-efficient logic and memory applications as well as neuromorphic and topological computing. This review presents a comprehensive survey of the rapidly growing 2D ferroic family from the synthesis perspective, including brief introductions to the top-down and bottom-up approaches for fabricating 2D ferroic flakes, thin films, and heterostructures as well as the important characterization techniques for assessing the sample properties. We also discuss the key challenges and future directions of the field, including scalable growth, property control, sample stability, and integration with other functional materials.

«Зеленая» экономика в контексте международных инвестиционных соглашений

The matters of green economics within the framework of the environmental transformation of the energy sphere (the energy transition), reduction of the anthropogenic impact on the environment in the course of socioeconomic development, give investment opportunities for international business but at the same time pose specific systemic and structural challenges to investors, states that receive investments, researches and individuals that witness the consequences of the dynamic change of the environment in the contemporary conditions. The presented article studies the evolution of approaches to international law regulation of investment activities from the standpoint of solution of environmental protection and conservation tasks in order to analyze opportunities with regards to the named challenges. Such analysis is used as a basis to conclude that the historical and legal method of studying the problems in question gives an opportunity for a systemic and structural evaluation of the original prerequisites for the logic of development of the international law architecture of regulation of investment activities in respect of goals and tasks of publicly significant environmental protection and conservation interests including the sphere of green economics and minimization of negative consequences of the anthropogenic impact as a result of investment activities, and evaluate the logic and limits of application of international investment agreements to achieve the environmental protection and conservation goals.

Ultra-High-k Ferroelectric BaTiO3 Perovskite in the Gate Stack for Two-Dimensional WSe2 p-Type High-Performance Transistors.

The experimental demonstration of a p-type 2D WSe2 transistor with a ferroelectric perovskite BaTiO3 gate oxide is presented. The 30 nm thick BaTiO3 gate stack shows a robust ferroelectric hysteresis with a remanent polarization of 20 μC/cm2 and further enables a capacitance equivalent thickness of 0.5 nm in the hybrid WSe2/BaTiO3 stack due to its high dielectric constant of 323. We demonstrate one of the best ON currents for perovskite gate 2D transistors in the literature. This is enabled by high-quality epitaxial growth of BaTiO3 and a single 2D layer transfer based fabrication method that is shown to be amenable to silicon platforms. This demonstration is an important milestone toward the integration of crystalline complex oxides with 2D channel materials for scaled CMOS and low-voltage ferroelectric logic applications.

Integrating AHP and GTMA for Enhanced Multi-Criteria Decision Making in Logistics Provider Selection

The selection of logistics providers is a critical task for organizations aiming to enhance their supply chain performance and maintain a competitive edge. This paper proposes an integrated approach that combines the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Graph-Theoretic Matrix Approach (GTMA) for effective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) in the selection of logistics providers. AHP is widely used for evaluating criteria and alternatives based on pairwise comparisons, while GTMA enhances decision-making by incorporating complex interdependencies among criteria. The integrated AHPGTMA approach is demonstrated through a case study involving the selection of a third-party logistics provider (3PLP). The proposed method improves the decision-making process by simplifying complex relationships among criteria while ensuring an efficient and robust selection. This integrated model presents a more comprehensive and reliable framework for logistics provider selection, overcoming limitations observed in stand-alone AHP and ANP approaches. Future research may focus on the application of fuzzy logic to further enhance decision accuracy in uncertain environments.

Critical study of type-2 fuzzy logic control from theory to applications: A state-of-the-art comprehensive survey

The review systematically explores the theoretical foundations of type-2 fuzzy sets and the associated mathematical frameworks of the advancements in type-2 fuzzy logic systems (T2-FLS), as well as a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art techniques and applications of type-2 fuzzy logic systems. The review's application-oriented section looks at a number of different areas where type-2 fuzzy logic has made a big difference. These areas include robotics, autonomous vehicle control, electric and electronic control, image processing, and railway control. This overview mainly discusses the past, present, and future trends in type-2 fuzzy logic applications. The primary contribution summarizes the most essential type-2 fuzzy logic research with theoretical and practical implications. This article will provide a critical path and a strong foundation for individuals interested in this field to pursue future research.

Dynamic ranking function to optimize transshipment costs in intuitionistic Type-2 and Type-1 fuzzy environments

In the dynamic realm of organizational logistics, accurately minimizing transportation and transshipment costs is crucial, yet often challenging due to inherent uncertainties. This paper introduces a novel application of fuzzy logic to provide a more precise analysis of these costs. Specifically, it develops an innovative ranking function for trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (TrFNs) for Type-2 and Type-1 fuzzy environments, a tool yet unexplored in existing literature. The main contributions of this paper are the idea that a ranking function for TrFNs can significantly improve decision-maker's freedom in cost analysis due to an adherence on all (a, b, c d) parameters of TrFN. A new decision-oriented ranking method for these fuzzy numbers is developed which consists of an inventive algorithm. The method is also considered for intuitionistic TrFNs and applied to solve transshipment costs in fuzzy area. To verify the proposed methodology's efficiency, effectiveness and accuracy a numerical example in Wolfram Mathematica 9.0 is demonstrated showing superior computational performance over existing methods.

Quantum enhanced Josephson junction field-effect transistors for logic applications

Josephson junction field-effect transistors (JJFETs) have recently re-emerged as promising candidates for superconducting computing. For JJFETs to perform Boolean logic operations, the so-called gain factor αR must be larger than 1. In a conventional JJFET made with a classical channel material, due to a gradual dependence of superconducting critical current on the gate bias, αR is much smaller than 1. In this Letter, we propose a new device structure of quantum enhanced JJFETs in a zero-energy-gap InAs/GaSb heterostructure. We demonstrate that, due to an excitonic insulator quantum phase transition in this zero-gap heterostructure, the superconducting critical current displays a sharp transition as a function of gate bias, and the deduced gain factor αR ∼ 0.06 is more than 50 times that (∼0.001) reported in a classical JJFET. Further optimization may allow achieving a gain factor larger than 1 for logic applications.

A Fuzzy Logic Application to Manage Construction-Cost Escalation

In large-scale projects, such as transport infrastructures, the cost-planning phase stands out as one of the most crucial for the project’s success. Cost and time overruns, during the construction phase, are often the cause of project failure. A meticulous, conscious, and accurate ex-ante analysis of cost and time assessment can greatly contribute to the efficient and effective completion of a project. Various approaches have been developed to estimate and mitigate cost overruns. Such mitigation is subject to careful analysis of project risks, encompassing construction, environmental, social acceptance, and market risks. In this contribution, we propose the implementation of the risk-assessment tool, suggested by the National Anti-Corruption Authority (ANAC), using fuzzy logic to enhance its effectiveness. Thanks to the implementation of fuzzy prioritizations, the risk matrix and the associated risk levels, which are obtained by combining the event’s probability of occurrence and its expected impact on costs, have been clearly and structurally defined. This tool can facilitate risk ranking and, therefore, the implementation of their management strategies during the design and construction phases as well as the consensus-creation process. This application can therefore be used by public authorities as a transparent and manageable tool to assess expected risk during the design and implementation phases of the project.

Implementation of Fuzzy Logic to Regulate Water Quality in Maintaining the Aquascape Ecosystem

Aquascape is an artificial aquarium ecosystem that is increasingly popular, considering the high cost of creating and maintaining an aquascape. Several aspects need to be considered in maintaining an aquascape, namely maintaining water quality. To know the water quality, it is necessary to periodically check the aquascape manually and carry out maintenance, therefore knowledge is needed to regulate and maintain the water quality in the aquascape. This research aims to implement fuzzy logic as a water quality control system in aquascape maintenance. The research method includes collecting data from the literature as well as developing a fuzzy logic model to identify and control water quality such as pH and temperature. The output of the system developed is a water quality control device with the categories "Unbalanced", "Quite Balanced", "Balanced". This research method includes calculations by collecting data and using MATLAB software to develop a fuzzy logic system. The research results show that the application of fuzzy logic is able to regulate water quality effectively and minimize the risk of ecosystem damage in the aquascape. The research conclusion shows that the application of fuzzy logic to regulate water quality in aquascapes has great potential in maintaining the sustainability of aquascape ecosystems.

Potential Analysis of the Application of Fuzzy Logic in the Optimization of Pak Choi Hydroponic Cultivation: A Literature Study on Plant Growth Support System

The rapid urbanization and increasing population density in Indonesia have led to a reduction in available land for traditional agriculture, particularly in urban centers. In response to this challenge, urban farming, including hydroponic cultivation, has emerged as a viable solution to meet the food needs of urban communities. This study explores the potential application of fuzzy logic in optimizing hydroponic cultivation practices, focusing on the growth of pak choi plants. Pak choi, a popular vegetable in Indonesia, offers numerous health benefits and is well-suited for hydroponic cultivation. By analyzing relevant literature, this research investigates the influence of water pH and temperature on pak choi plant growth and develops a fuzzy expert system based on Mamdani's method. The study prepares data on optimal temperature and pH ranges for pak choi cultivation and establishes fuzzy sets for water temperature, water pH level, and plant height. The findings provide insights into the effects of water pH and temperature on pak choi plant growth and demonstrate the potential of fuzzy logic in optimizing hydroponic cultivation practices. This research contributes to the advancement of agricultural technology and offers practical solutions for sustainable urban farming.

Al1−xScxSbyN1−y: An opportunity for ferroelectric semiconductor field effect transistor

For the in-memory computation architecture, a ferroelectric semiconductor field-effect transistor (FeSFET) incorporates ferroelectric material into the FET channel to realize logic and memory in a single device. The emerging group III nitride material Al1−xScxN provides an excellent platform to explore FeSFET, as this material has significant electric polarization, ferroelectric switching, and high carrier mobility. However, steps need to be taken to reduce the large band gap of ∼5 eV of Al1−xScxN to improve its transport property for in-memory logic applications. By state-of-the-art first principles analysis, here we predict that alloying a relatively small amount (less than ∼5%) of Sb impurities into Al1−xScxN very effectively reduces the band gap while maintaining excellent ferroelectricity. We show that the co-doped Sb and Sc act cooperatively to give a significant band bowing leading to a small band gap of ∼1.76 eV and a large polarization parameter ∼0.87 C/m2, in the quaternary Al1−xScxSbyN1−y compounds. The Sb impurity states become more continuous as a result of interactions with Sc and can be used for impurity-mediated transport. Based on the Landau-Khalatnikov model, the Landau parameters and the corresponding ferroelectric hysteresis loops are obtained for the quaternary compounds. These findings indicate that Al1−xScxSbyN1−y is an excellent candidate as the channel material of FeSFET.

Development and Implementation of Clinical Decision Algorithms for Oncology.

Decision-making in healthcare often relies on narrative guidelines; however, these instruments are poorly accessible for supporting clinical decision-making. This study explores the application of rule-based decision logic in algorithmic modeling, emphasizing its great potential in clinical decision support and research. Integrating rule-based algorithms with existing information systems and real-world data poses a serious challenge. Integrating decision algorithms with information standards increases their effectiveness across various applications. This study outlines a method for constructing clinical decision trees (CDTs), highlighting their transparency and interpretability, using information standards as a design principle. We use the digitization of the Dutch breast cancer guideline through CDTs as a case study to exemplify their versatility and practical significance. The process step 'primary treatment' has been successfully translated from the narrative guidelines format to the anticipated ted computational format.

Optimizing full-scale MBR performance: A dual-phase approach for real-time air-scouring and permeate flow modifications

This study reports on an advanced fuzzy logic control system designed to optimize air-scour and permeate flow rates in membrane bioreactors, targeting enhanced energy efficiency and reduced fouling. Developed in two stages, the system integrates real-time monitoring of transmembrane pressure and permeability trends to adjust air-scour rates in response to fouling indicators. The initial simulations indicated potential for a 50 % reduction in air-scour rates, suggesting considerable energy savings. The second stage's refinements, based on empirical validations, yielded a more responsive system, albeit with more conservative operational adjustments for energy savings.Over eight months of full-scale testing, the advanced control system implemented in one of eight filtration lines exhibited lower fouling rates and maintained superior permeability values compared to the other lines. This performance translated into reduced chemical cleaning frequency, thereby affirming the system's efficiency in fouling management. These findings validate the application of fuzzy logic in MBR operations and offer a promising approach for energy-efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment.

Enhancing targeted tumor treatment: A novel fuzzy logic framework for precision drug delivery strategy selection

Objective:This study aims to address the challenge of selecting optimal drug delivery strategies for tumor patients by introducing a novel theoretical framework. Methods:We propose a fuzzy logic-based framework for quantitatively assessing Health States (HS) in tumor patients. This framework integrates quantified HS assessments with causality strength analyses, offering a comprehensive understanding of various drug delivery schemes’ effectiveness from pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic perspectives. Results:The efficacy of our approach is demonstrated through a series of real-world patient case studies, highlighting its potential to enhance the evaluation and selection of targeted drug delivery strategies. Conclusion:Our work contributes to the field by showcasing practical applications of fuzzy logic in targeted drug delivery systems (TDDs) and establishing a new benchmark for precision in drug delivery strategy selection. Significance:This study has significant implications for developing personalized medical treatments, potentially revolutionizing the field with a more nuanced and scientifically rigorous method for evaluating and selecting drug delivery protocols. Contributions:Development of a fuzzy logic framework for precise quantification of health states in tumor patients. Innovative integration of a causal system for comprehensively evaluating targeted drug delivery strategies.

Magnetization dynamics in skyrmions due to high-speed carrier injections from Dirac half-metals.

Recent developments in the magnetization dynamics in spin textures, particularly skyrmions, offer promising new directions for magnetic storage technologies and spintronics. Skyrmions, characterized by their topological protection and efficient mobility at low current density, are increasingly recognized for their potential applications in next-generation logic and memory devices. This study investigates the dynamics of skyrmion magnetization, focusing on the manipulation of their topological states as a basis for bitwise data storage through a modified Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation (LLG). We introduce spin-polarized electrons from a topological ferromagnet that induce an electric dipole moment that interacts with the electric gauge field within the skyrmion domain. This interaction creates an effective magnetic field that results in a torque that can dynamically change the topological state of the skyrmion. In particular, we show that these torques can selectively destroy and create skyrmions, effectively writing and erasing bits, highlighting the potential of using controlled electron injection for robust and scalable skyrmion-based data storage solutions.

Gate all around carbon nanotube field effect transistor espoused discrepancy cascode pass transistor adiabatic logic for ultra-low power application

Advances in wearable technology, IoT, and mobile applications have increased the demand for ultra-low-power electronic devices. Adiabatic Logic Circuit (ALC) is a design technique utilized in digital circuits to decrease the power consumption by decreasing the dynamic power dissipation. Current technologies face challenges in achieving both high performance and ultra-low power consumption. This research work introduces a novel approach in digital circuit design, specifically the Gate All-around Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor with Discrepancy Cascode Pass Transistor Adiabatic Logic (GAA-CNTFET-DCPTAL), tailored for ultra-low power applications. This design operates efficiently with a four-phase Power Clock (PC) and demonstrates remarkable performance by achieving operation frequencies of up to 1 GHz while minimizing energy dissipation. GAA-CNTFET provides superior electrostatic control and high carrier mobility, reducing leakage currents and enhancing switching speeds. Simultaneously, Discrepancy Cascode Pass Transistor Adiabatic Logic (DCPTAL) uses adiabatic logic principles and a cascode structure to minimize energy dissipation during switching events. The technology node of proposed model is 10 nm. The software used for assessment is HSPICE is used for the simulation and validation of the proposed design. The proposed GAA-design attains 25.36 %, 14.28 %, and 16.06 % lower average power analyzed with existing techniques, such as Design with Evaluation of Clocked Differential Adiabatic Logic Families for the applications of low Power (DE-CDAL-LPA), Adiabatic logic-base strong ARM comparator for ultra-low power applications (AL-SARM-ULPA) and Analysis of 2PADCL Energy Recovery Logic for Ultra Low Power VLSI Design for SOC with Embedded Applications (2PADCL-ULP-VLSI) respectively.