Engineering Technology Research Articles

A Comprehensive Review of the Evaluation and Application of Engineering Properties of Expansive Soil Based on Piezocone Penetration Test (CPTU)

Expansive soil presents several challenges in civil and geotechnical engineering because of its distinctive physical and mechanical properties, including considerable volumetric fluctuations, non-linear stress–strain behaviour, and high permeability. Owing to soil disturbances and sample size limitations during sampling, important parameters such as the expansive soil expansion force, compressive strength, and shear strength obtained through indoor experiments often cannot accurately reflect the values in situ. In this regard, in situ piezocone penetration testing has the advantages of small disturbances and high efficiency and has been widely used in subways, bridges, highways, and other engineering projects. This paper comprehensively summarizes the research progress of in situ testing technology in the evaluation and application of engineering properties of expansive soils in China and internationally. First, a detailed analysis of the basic theories and physical mechanisms of various in situ testing methods is provided, focusing on their applicability and accuracy in expansive soils. Second, examples of the application of in situ testing technology in expansive soil engineering are summarized. Finally, predictive models and methods based on in situ testing data, especially those that introduce cutting-edge models such as machine learning and advanced data analysis techniques, are discussed.

Preface

Geoshanghai 2024 International Conference Volume 8: Frontiers in GeotechShanghai, 26-29 May, 2024GeoShanghai 2024 International ConferenceCollege of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 2024All Rights ReservedGeoShanghai is a series of international conferences on geotechnical engineering held in Shanghai quadrennially. The conference was inaugurated in 2006 and was successfully held in 2010, 2014 and 2018, with more than 1600 participants in total. Since the last conference, the geotechnical community has witnessed many advances both in fundamental understanding and engineering practices. To demonstrate the latest developments and promote collaborations in geotechnical engineering and related fields, we launch the 5th GeoShanghai International Conference to be held in May 2024.Frontiers in Geotech contains a moral invitation to geotechnical engineering to embark on a transformative journey at the intersection of innovation and sustainability by considering the following aspects: (1) Intelligent geotechnics; (2) In-situ testing & monitoring; (3) Bio-mediated and bio-inspired geotechnics; (4) Case studies; (5) Sustainability in geotechnical engineering; and (6) Other new frontiers in geotechnology. This sector is dedicated to providing the state of art and practice on multi-interdisciplinary subjects intersected by AI, biology, and sensing technologies for sustainable geotechnical engineering. The ultimate objective is to promote and guide new geotechnical engineering processes and solutions inspired by the human intellect and wisdom of nature. By embracing innovation and sustainability, we aspire to shape a future where infrastructure harmonizes seamlessly with the natural world, fostering resilient and sustainable social development for generations to come.This volume received a total of 82 papers from countries such as China, United States, Norway, United Kingdom, and others, totaling 75 papers accepted. All papers were reviewed and the accepted papers will be submitted to IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science indexed by Scopus.List of Conference Steering Committee, International Advisory Committee, Technical Committee, Organizing Committee are available in this Pdf.

Microstructure and properties of high-strength lightweight ceramsites customised with ultra-fine copper tailings

The accumulation of copper tailings not only consumes a significant amount of land resources but also incurs substantial treatment expenses and causes environmental pollution. This article presents an investigation on the feasibility of utilizing ultra-fine copper tailings (CTs), polishing slag (PS), and fly ash (FA) to produce customised high-strength ceramsites for treating and reusing copper tailings.Additionally, the effects of raw material mass ratio and sintering temperature on the physical properties, thermal properties, chemical structure, and expansion mechanism of the high-strength ceramsites were investigated. The experimental results revealed that the well-formed ceramsites exhibited an apparent density of 486–2304 kg/m3, a bulk density of 288–1659 kg/m3, a 1-h water absorption rate of 0.13–3.9 %, and a particle compressive strength of 0.87–22.4 MPa with copper tailings content of 50∼100 % under preheating temperature 950 ℃ for 40 min and sintering temperature 1195–1225 ℃ for 40 min. The XRD analysis of crystal phases indicated that the mineral compositions of ceramsites contained quartz, anorthite, albite, and mullite. Moreover, the FTIR spectra displayed that [AlO4] and [SiO4] were interconnected into a complementary network which enhanced the strength of ceramsites. Additionally, the microstructure analysis revealed that more evenly distributed and smaller pore structures and rougher matrix were associated with higher compressive strength. The temperature difference between the interior and exterior led to the preferential formation of a slag phase which exerted a bonding effect on the composite feldspar phase. These findings suggest that ultra-finecopper tailings could be recycled in artificial aggregate technology in concrete engineering, and provide theoretical support for the large-scale utilization of tailings.

Biomaterials and emerging technologies for tissue engineering and in vitro models

Biomaterials and emerging technologies for tissue engineering and in vitro models

Flow Exchange In Vegetated Environments: Integrating Experimental Insights Into Practical Engineering

Vegetation provides practical protective tools for estuarine and coastal regions. The roots, stems, and canopy systems of mangroves can divert and retard the flow field within and surrounding vegetation regions (Truong et al., 2019) and also absorb external forces from waves (Phan et al., 2015). The area within the vegetation is usually calmer compared to the unprotected region outside. Consequently, sediment tends to be deposited inside the vegetation region (Vargas Luna et al., 2015). The sediment deposited then may have feedback on the wave and flow field and the growth conditions of the vegetation (Truong et al., 2017). These mutual interactions between ecological area (vegetation), hydrodynamic conditsions (wave and flow field), and morphological conditions (sediment transport) are the crux of any proposed nature-based solutions (NbS). From a hydraulic engineering perspective, these dynamic interactions can translate into the momentum and mass exchange processes between vegetation and nearby areas. By observing the evolution of mangrove forests and associated with the rate of erosion/accretion of the shoreline, Phan, 2015 and Truong., 2017 proposed a hypothesis of “squeezed mangrove forest”, in which “the mangrove width” is considered a crucial length-scales that is related to the sustainable development of the mangroves. This length scale was physically interpreted and connected to the penetration of the mixing layer into the vegetation region (Truong., 2017; Truong et al., 2019). It is noted that whereas the characteristic of the incoming waves mainly controls the penetration of the mixing layer into the coastal mangroves, that of the estuarine mangroves is mainly governed by the characteristic of lateral flow. The latter is the primary focus of this study. Large vortex structures caused by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the vegetation’s edge play an essential role in the transverse exchange of mass and momentum (White & Nepf, 2007; Truong et al., 2019). These structures are usually large compared to the water depths and are termed large horizontal coherent structures (LHCSs). The Reynolds Shear stresses (RSs) induced by LHCSs contribute more than 90% to the total turbulent shear stress at the edge of the floodplain vegetated region (Truong & Uijttewaal 2019). Nevertheless, our understanding of this topic often stems from small-scale laboratory experiments. Whether the presence and characteristic of vortex structures at the interface of the low flow and fast flow region obtained from small-scale physical models remain true for estuaries and coasts has not yet been determined. In order to obtain more insight into the physics of the exchange processes occurring at the vegetation interface at different scales, two unique physical models of vegetated channels have been conducted. One small-scale and another large-scale experiment, both with and without vegetation, were conducted at TU Delft Water Lab and the Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology - River Experiment Center (KICT-REC), respectively. Two digital twin models of this flume were subsequently constructed using Delft3D, which were calibrated and validated using the collected datasets. In this study, recent findings pertaining to these experiments are presented

Preface

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering International Nuclear Science, Technology and Engineering Conference 2023 (iNuSTEC2023) “Nuclear Science and Technology For Socio-economic Development “ Universiti Tenaga Nasional Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia 10-12 October 2023 MESSAGE FROM: VICE-CHANCELLOR, UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL (UNITEN)UNITEN is honored to host the International Nuclear Science, Technology, and Engineering Conference 2023 (iNUSTEC2023) and the Nuclear Youth Competition (NYC). With the theme “Nuclear Science and Technology for Sustainable Development Goals”, iNuSTEC2023 is the thirteenth in a series of conferences hosted by the Malaysian Nuclear Society (MNS) since 2010 through collaboration with research institutes and local universities.Don’t we feel like time has passed by so quickly? And with it, came along significant and some were unthinkable changes to our lives. According to Our World in Data statistics, in 2022, each of us consumed on average 3.5 times more energy compared to 40 years ago. In the year 2050, Malaysia is expected to consume almost twice the amount of electricity in 2022 (320 TWh vs. 180 TWh). This means that on a daily basis in 2050, Malaysia is expected to consume close to 0.9 TWh of electricity per day.About 50 million electric vehicles are expected to be on the road in 2050. Every day, about 0.6 TWh of electricity is needed to charge these cars. That is an additional two-thirds of the expected daily electricity consumption per person in 2050. Malaysia has identified the pathways for Responsible Transition 2050 in the National Energy Transition Roadmap (NETR) to tackle the energy trilemma of affordability, security, and sustainability. These pathways include having 0% coal share and 70% renewable energy share of installed capacity in 2050.70% of renewable energy share is about 57 GW of solar PV, which will take a total land size that is slightly smaller than Melaka state. The same amount of power can be generated by nuclear power on a total land size that is 10 times smaller. That is not even considering the intermittency of power generation with solar PV.At UNITEN, we believe that research and knowledge in nuclear power can play a huge role in supporting the Low Carbon Nation Aspiration and the Responsible Transition, especially in providing affordable, clean and safe energy supply to the Rakyat. Institute of Nuclear Energy (INE) at UNITEN was established in May this year to further empower and accelerate the existing research and educational efforts done at UNITEN since 2010.At the university level, UNITEN has established the National Energy Centre (NEC) to support the national energy transition efforts. NEC will serve as a hub for research institutes, industrial and international linkages, and government agencies to form collaborations with experts from local and foreign universities, energy agencies, and stakeholders.UNITEN envisions that NEC will play a significant role in providing technological solutions for Malaysia’s energy transition which will be beneficial to Malaysia, as well as the surrounding region. NEC will also play the role of capacity building for the country’s future workforce that will lead Malaysia towards net-zero in 2050. I extend my warmest invitation to every participant attending this conference, to be a part of this concerted nationwide effort in championing sustainability through involvement with the NEC.I would like to remind participants, that you are among the very small percentage of Malaysia’s population, who are experts in the nuclear field. Thank you so much for your contributions to keeping the knowledge related to nuclear science and engineering alive, despite how hard or negative it can get in the industry.Congratulations to the organizing committee for hosting this iNuSTEC2023 together with the Nuclear Youth Competition (NYC2023). My deepest appreciation goes to our keynote speakers, technical co-sponsors, and all supporters for their contribution to ensuring the success of this conference. To the presenters and participants, thank you for your participation and I wish the conference all success. PROFESSOR IR. DR. NOOR AZUAN ABU OSMAN Vice-Chancellor Universiti Tenaga Nasional List of Editors, Contents, Papers, iNuSTEC2023 Organising Committee, Nuclear Youth Competition 2023 Secretariat, Nuclear Youth Competition 2023, Acknowledgement, Mns Council Members 2023/2025, are available in the pdf.

Preface

With great and successful prestigious history of MAEIE, the 2023 3rd International Conference on Mechanical Automation and Electronic Information Engineering (MAEIE 2023) was held in Nanjing, China during 15th to 17th, December 2023 via virtual format, gathering together about 100 delegates from all over the world.MAEIE 2023 is a great academic platform and is of great significance for disseminating cutting-edge information in disciplines and industry, promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and condensing academic achievements in the industry at this event.The Conference consisted of 3 plenary keynote speeches addressed by well-known scholars internationally (by Prof. Xiaofang Yuan from Hunan University, China, Assoc. Prof. He Chen from Hebei University of Technology, China, Prof. Aniruddha Bhattacharjya from SGT University, India, respectively), 8 oral and 18 poster presentations, in which a wide range of topics were covered and the most recent significant results were presented. They discussed such topics as Research on Three-dimensional Path Planning Methods for Autonomous Vehicles, Control Research for Underactuated Cranes with State Constraints, Use of Blockchain Technology in IoT Maintaining Cia Triad in Data Communication, among others. Besides, the attending scholars, experts, and researchers exchanged deeply on the latest research achievements and advanced experience in the industry development and shared their unique insights into development trends and research directions of the industry.MAEIE 2023 received submissions from home and abroad, but unfortunately some manuscripts did not pass the final review, which therefore doesn’t appear in this Conference Proceedings. The selected works included in the Proceedings are published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, covering topics on Automated Instrumentation and Equipment, Molding Manufacturing and Automation, Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Power Electronics Technology, Electronics and Communication Engineering, among others. They show readers the latest research results and application cases of mechanical automation and electronic information engineering. We firmly believe that by reading these papers, readers will deepen their understanding of these fields and appreciate their enormous significance and potential impact on contemporary society.We wish to acknowledge all the participants, and the support of our sponsors. We would also like to take this opportunity to thank the committee members, as well as the expert reviewers, for their endeavor in making the Conference possible and reviewing the manuscripts submitted. What’s more, we hope that the conference series MAEIE shall continue to the next many sessions and deliver its purpose as the arena for presenting and exchanging the ideas of research in the fields of mechanical automation and electronic information engineering and anything related.The Committee of MAEIE 2023List of Committee Member is available in this pdf.

EXPLORING COMPOSITE LAMINATED BAMBOO LUMBER TO SUBSTITUTE DIMENSIONAL LUMBER

In upcoming sustainability trend, new materials are in the ongoing search. Bamboo has become one of them, due to its renewability. Bamboo is seen to have varied properties from different species. With the advanced engineering technology, bamboo pieces are able to put together into solid lumber in a form of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL). This makes laminated bamboo having greater mechanical properties. Yet to make LBL to perform better, the experiment to explore LBL to be composited with other strong materials. LBL are composited with aluminum and steel sheets. Both Glue lamination and steel bolt through are two different forms of bonding. There are four beam prototypes, plus a plain LBL. All beams are tested using the universal testing machine in engineering lab, in the 4-point simply supported beam format. The test result seems to be a twist with all efforts to strengthen. It is overall a great improvement in loading capacity of all composite beams, comparing to wood lumber. The best performance is plain LBL beam, due to the monolithic nature. Both metal composites were delaminated at bottom of beams and at vertical lamination. Nuts and bolts composite beams perform less than glued laminates alone, because of stiffness differences at top and bottom of beams. The key to this research is about lamination nature that should be made of materials that are compatible and do not create much strength differences. Lastly, bamboo composites are still to further develop. Composite LBL is still potential materials to substitute wood lumber.

Himpunan Ahli Teknik Hidraulik Indonesia

Indonesian Association of Hydraulic Engineers Pengurus Pusat Dear Colleagues, Scientists, and Practitioners.The biennial scientific meeting, the “HATHI International Seminar”, or “Hydraulic Engineering International Seminar” (HEIS) has been conducted in Jakarta on October 27th-28th 2023. The main theme of the 8th HEIS is “Water Actions Toward Climate Resilience, Green Economy and Sustainable Development.” Sustainable development under global challenges such as rapid population growth and climate change with limiting natural resources for the future, require solutions with proper hydraulic engineering development. The solutions should also compatible with integrated and sustainable water resources management. Sustainable development requires interlinkages between various sectors and a clear understanding of the water-food-energy nexus. In addition, greater interaction among sectors, rapid changes in rural and urban water demands, escalating water-related disasters, and major climate change impacts require advanced technology, state of the art-information technology, and even water resource management automation. Some solution is needed based on new management options and widely available hydraulic engineering technologies. This seminar provides an opportunity to exchange thoughts, knowledges, and experiences among regional and worldwide scientists, practitioners, and professionals in hydraulic engineering.This seminar has been successfully gathered 637 participants from many contries. The submitted manuscripts are divided into 11 sub-themes. From those, ‘dams and reservoirs’ is the theme with the most submitted manuscripts. Meanwhile, the ‘hydraulic modelling’ theme place in second for the most submitted manuscript. Manuscripts were selected based on reviewing process. Twelve reviewers have been contributed to review the submitted manuscripts. From 86 manuscripts that have been submitted, 43 manuscripts passed the editorial and reviewing process.The overall presentations and discussions during the seminar concluded that the outputs will undoubtedly contribute to remarkable concepts, strategies, lessons learned, and sharing of experiences in preparing some water-related action to cope with any problems and challenges, including the climate change. Based on this fact, I believe that the proceeding of this seminar will be a valuable document for the implementation of the water actions in achieving green economy and sustainable development.I would like to thank to Minister of Public Works and Housing for fully support and also the organizing committee, peers and writers, seniors and all members of HATHI for enormous supports to the seminar. Through this opportunity, I cordially invite all prospective colleagues to participate in the next Hydraulic Engineering International Seminar.List of Reviewer Team and Editorial Team are available in this Pdf.

Advanced fuel fusion, phase space engineering, and structure-preserving geometric algorithms

Non-thermal advanced fuel fusion trades the requirement of a large amount of recirculating tritium in the system for that of large recirculating power. Phase space engineering technologies utilizing externally injected electromagnetic fields can be applied to meet the challenge of maintaining non-thermal particle distributions at a reasonable cost. The physical processes of the phase space engineering are studied from a theoretical and algorithmic perspective. It is emphasized that the operational space of phase space engineering is limited by the underpinning symplectic dynamics of charged particles. The phase space incompressibility according to the Liouville theorem is just one of many constraints, and Gromov's non-squeezing theorem determines the minimum footprint of the charged particles on every conjugate phase space plane. In this sense and level of sophistication, the mathematical abstraction of phase space engineering is symplectic topology. To simulate the processes of phase space engineering, such as the Maxwell demon and electromagnetic energy extraction, and to accurately calculate the minimum footprints of charged particles, recently developed structure-preserving geometric algorithms can be used. The family of algorithms conserves exactly, on discretized spacetime, symplecticity and thus incompressibility, non-squeezability, and symplectic capacities. The algorithms apply to the dynamics of charged particles under the influence of external electromagnetic fields as well as the charged particle–electromagnetic field system governed by the Vlasov–Maxwell equations.

An innovative booster-assisted dynamically installed fish anchor and its installation characteristics considering the action of ocean currents

The fish anchor is an economically viable offshore foundation engineering technology that has been proposed in recent years. By fish anchor, we mean a fish-shaped dynamically installed anchor that can penetrate into the seabed through water by its own weight. However, the existing research studies seldom consider the hydrodynamic characteristics of its free fall installation, resulting in uncertainties regarding its underwater installation characteristics. Therefore, based on OpenFOAM, this study first investigated the directional stability of fish anchors during its underwater falling process through the static model analysis method and dynamic model analysis method. The findings indicated that the directional stability of fish anchors was insufficient, rendering them suitable only for release and installation at low heights (i.e., less than 4.2 times the anchor length) without marine environmental loads. Furthermore, the anchor inclination angle during installation is significant, thereby impacting its penetration depth and pull-out capacity in the seabed. To solve this problem, the concept of an innovative booster-assisted fish anchor is proposed, which can significantly enhance the directional stability of conventional fish anchors. Results show that the maximum installation height of the new booster-assisted fish anchor is increased by 2.4 times compared to the original design, thereby enhancing both the penetration speed and uplift capacity. Based on the findings, recommended installation and construction conditions are provided. Finally, a predictive formula for the installation height and verticality of the new booster-assisted fish anchor under current action is presented to offer guidance for engineering applications.

Study Assessing Viability of Installing 20kw Solar Power for the Electrical & Electronic Engineering Department Rufus Giwa Polytechnic Owo

The practicality of solar power supply to the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology department at Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, is the main topic of this article. Some other sources of power were put into consideration. Solar power was selected as an alternative supply to the department due to its numerical advantages over others. The authors looked into the various effects in the past by different researchers in ensuring that the best is obtained from solar energy. The load estimation was carried out by considering the possible load from various units within the department. The power consumption demand was calculated. Also, the photovoltaic panel capacity and quantity were estimated. Data collection was done over the course of three days. The voltages generated by the photovoltaic panel on an hourly basis were recorded. These form the basis for plotting graphs that reveal the feasibility of the project in the institution.

Investigation into the Methodology and Implementation of Life Cycle Engineering under China's Carbon Reduction Target in the Process Industry

The industrial sector is the primary source of carbon emissions in China. In pursuit of meeting its carbon reduction targets, China aims to promote resource consumption sustainability, reduce energy consumption, and achieve carbon neutrality within its processing industries. An effective strategy to promote energy savings and carbon reduction throughout the life cycle of materials is by applying life cycle engineering technology. This strategy aims to attain an optimal solution for material performance, resource consumption, and environmental impact. In this study, five types of technologies were considered: raw material replacement, process reengineering, fuel replacement, energy recycling and reutilization, and material recycling and reutilization. The meaning, methodology, and development status of life cycle engineering technology abroad and domestically are discussed in detail. A multidimensional analysis of ecological design was conducted from the perspectives of resource and energy consumption, carbon emissions, product performance, and recycling of secondary resources in a manufacturing process. This coupled with an integrated method to analyze carbon emissions in the entire life cycle of a material process industry was applied to the nonferrous industry, as an example. The results provide effective ideas and solutions for achieving low or zero carbon emission production in the Chinese industry as recycled aluminum and primary aluminum based on advanced technologies had reduced resource consumption and emissions as compared to primary aluminum production.

Teaching in a time of pandemic: The case of the EMET Program at Pennsylvania State University - Fayette

The author shares his experiences of university teaching during the time of restrictions imposed on teaching and learning modes due to a pandemic. The relative scarcity of literature analyzing the response in the fields of science and engineering to the pandemic served as motivation. After providing general background information about the pandemic’s impact on educational systems worldwide, the article provides qualitative research with a narrative model for a case study of an engineering program at an American university. The analyzed case concerns the teaching and learning methodologies implemented in an electro-mechanical engineering technology bachelor’s degree program at Pennsylvania State University – the Fayette campus in the academic years 2020-22. Pennsylvania State University’s chosen teaching modes in the time of the pandemic to be used by instructors provide an example of adaptability of a higher education institution to the changing teaching and learning circumstances. The pedagogical approach to preparing, delivering, and assessment of learning effectiveness in engineering courses with a laboratory component is described. The article also shows how to use the learning management system, Canvas, with its analytical utility tool, to improve effectiveness and responsiveness of the teaching and learning process. The shortcomings and unexpected benefits of learning online pedagogy are shared and discussed. To assess the students’ perception and the study mode and their preferences in this regard, an anonymous, closed-ended, nominal-polytomous questionnaire was conducted, and its findings are analyzed. Further, to compare the students’ preferences as regards study modes depending on the academic discipline, engineering students were contrasted with students studying business as their major. The surveys also provide answers to trends in the longer term in students’ expectations for delivery of programs by higher education institutions.

EXPLORING COMPOSITE LAMINATED BAMBOO LUMBER TO SUBSTITUTE DIMENSIONAL LUMBER

In upcoming sustainability trend, new materials are in the ongoing search. Bamboo has become one of them, due to its renewability. Bamboo is seen to have varied properties from different species. With the advanced engineering technology, bamboo pieces are able to put together into solid lumber in a form of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL). This makes laminated bamboo having greater mechanical properties. Yet to make LBL to perform better, the experiment to explore LBL to be composited with other strong materials. LBL are composited with aluminum and steel sheets. Both Glue lamination and steel bolt through are two different forms of bonding. There are four beam prototypes, plus a plain LBL. All beams are tested using the universal testing machine in engineering lab, in the 4-point simply supported beam format. The test result seems to be a twist with all efforts to strengthen. It is overall a great improvement in loading capacity of all composite beams, comparing to wood lumber. The best performance is plain LBL beam, due to the monolithic nature. Both metal composites were delaminated at bottom of beams and at vertical lamination. Nuts and bolts composite beams perform less than glued laminates alone, because of stiffness differences at top and bottom of beams. The key to this research is about lamination nature that should be made of materials that are compatible and do not create much strength differences. Lastly, bamboo composites are still to further develop. Composite LBL is still potential materials to substitute wood lumber.

Wide-Area Subsidence Monitoring and Analysis Using Time-Series InSAR Technology: A Case Study of the Turpan Basin

Ground subsidence often occurs over a large area. Although traditional monitoring methods have high accuracy, they cannot perform wide-area ground deformation monitoring. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR) technology utilizes phase information in SAR images to extract surface deformation information in a low-cost, large-scale, high-precision, and high-efficiency manner. With the increasing availability of SAR satellite data and the rapid development of InSAR technology, it provides the possibility for wide-area ground deformation monitoring using InSAR technology. Traditional time-series InSAR methods have cumbersome processing procedures, have large computational requirements, and rely heavily on manual intervention, resulting in relatively low efficiency. This study proposes a strategy for wide-area InSAR multi-scale deformation monitoring to address this issue. The strategy first rapidly acquires ground deformation information using Stacking technology, then identifies the main subsidence areas by setting deformation rate thresholds and visual interpretation, and finally employs advanced TS-InSAR technology to obtain detailed deformation time series for the main subsidence areas. The Turpan Basin in Xinjiang, China, was selected as the study area (7474.50 km2) to validate the proposed method. The results are as follows: (1) The basin is generally stable, but there is ground subsidence in the southern plain area, mainly affecting farmland. (2) From 2016 to 2019, the maximum subsidence rate in the farmland area was approximately 0.13 m/yr, with a maximum cumulative subsidence of about 0.25 m, affecting a total area of approximately 952.49 km2. The subsidence mainly occurred from late spring to mid-autumn, while lifting or subsidence mitigation occurred from late autumn to early spring. The study also analyzed the impacts of rainfall, geographical environment, and human activities on subsidence and found that multiple factors, including water resource reduction, overexploitation, geological characteristics, and the expansion of human activities, contributed to the subsidence problem in the Turpan Basin. This method contributes to wide-area InSAR deformation monitoring and the application of InSAR technology in engineering.

High-precision 3D printing of multi-branch vascular scaffold with plasticized PLCL thermoplastic elastomer

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a transformative technology for tissue engineering, enabling the production of structures that closely emulate the intricate architecture and mechanical properties of native biological tissues. However, the fabrication of complex microstructures with high accuracy using biocompatible, degradable thermoplastic elastomers poses significant technical obstacles. This is primarily due to the inherent soft-matter nature of such materials, which complicates real-time control of micro-squeezing, resulting in low fidelity or even failure. In this study, we employ Poly (L-lactide-co-ϵ-caprolactone) (PLCL) as a model material and introduce a novel framework for high-precision 3D printing based on the material plasticization process. This approach significantly enhances the dynamic responsiveness of the start-stop transition during printing, thereby reducing harmful errors by up to 93%. Leveraging this enhanced material, we have efficiently fabricated arrays of multi-branched vascular scaffolds that exhibit exceptional morphological fidelity and possess elastic moduli that faithfully approximate the physiological modulus spectrum of native blood vessels, ranging from 2.5 to 45 MPa. The methodology we propose for the compatibilization and modification of elastomeric materials addresses the challenge of real-time precision control, representing a significant advancement in the domain of melt polymer 3D printing. This innovation holds considerable promise for the creation of detailed multi-branch vascular scaffolds and other sophisticated organotypic structures critical to advancing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Plasma-Driven Efficient Conversion of CO2 and H2O into Pure Syngas with Controllable Wide H2/CO Ratios over Metal-Organic Frameworks Featuring In Situ Evolved Ligand Defects.

While the mild production of syngas (a mixture of H2 and CO) from CO2 and H2O is a promising alternative to the coal-based chemical engineering technologies, the inert nature of CO2 molecules, unfavorable splitting pathways of H2O and unsatisfactory catalysts lead to the challenge in the difficult integration of high CO2 conversion efficiency with produced syngas with controllable H2/CO ratios in a wide range. Herein, we report an efficient plasma-driven catalytic system for mild production of pure syngas over porous metal-organic framework (MOF) catalysts with rich confined H2O molecules, where their syngas production capacity is regulated by the in situ evolved ligand defects and the plasma-activated intermediate species of CO2 molecules. Specially, the Cu-based catalyst system achieves 61.9 % of CO2 conversion and the production of pure syngas with wide H2/CO ratios of 0.05 : 1-4.3 : 1. As revealed by the experimental and theoretical calculation results, the in situ dynamic structure evolution of Cu-containing MOF catalysts favors the generation of coordinatively unsaturated metal active sites with optimized geometric and electronic characteristics, the adsorption of reactants, and the reduced energy barriers of syngas-production potential-determining steps of the hydrogenation of CO2 to *COOH and the protonation of H2O to *H.

An examination of wearable technology in the field biomedical engineering: A review

A wearable device is a piece of technology that can be worn on the body, designed to be portable, lightweight and equipped with various sensors or features for specific functions. As a game-changer in the field of biomedical engineering, wearable technology provides innovative approaches to illness management, individualized healthcare and health monitoring. This review looks at wearable technology as it stands in the field of biomedical engineering, emphasizing its uses, difficulties and potential. The research examines a wide variety of wearable wireless biosensors, sensor patches, wristwatches, wearable face masks and multi-sensor smart clothing, emphasizing their potential to measure physiological parameters, including blood pressure, heart rate and sleep patterns. This study demonstrates the need for intelligent wearable devices for high-quality signal capture, processing and continuous monitoring of critical parameters. The creation of smart wearables that meet the specified design standards enables the creator of a wearable with reduced power consumption that can be used to monitor the health of patients. This study offers a thorough analysis of wearable technology's present state, obstacles and potential applications in the field of biomedical engineering. It will be of great use to investigators, medical professionals and developers of technology.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae oral immunization in mice using multi-antigen of the African swine fever virus elicits a robust immune response.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is one of the most complex viruses. ASFV is a serious threat to the global swine industry because no commercial vaccines against this virus are currently available except in Vietnam. Moreover, ASFV is highly stable in the environment and can survive in water, feed, and aerosols for a long time. ASFV is transmitted through the digestive and respiratory tract. Mucosal immunity is the first line of defense against ASFV. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), which has been certified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and has a generally recognized as safe status in the food industry, was used for oral immunization in this study. ASFV antigens were effectively expressed in recombinant SC strains with high DNA copy numbers and stable growth though surface display technology and chromosome engineering (δ-integration). The recombinant SC strains containing eight ASFV antigens-KP177R, E183L, E199L, CP204L, E248R, EP402R, B602L, and B646L- induced strong humoral and mucosal immune responses in mice. There was no antigenic competition, and these antigens induced Th1 and Th2 cellular immune responses. Therefore, the oral immunization strategy using recombinant SC strains containing multiple ASFV antigens demonstrate potential for future testing in swine, including challenge studies to evaluate its efficacy as a vaccine against ASFV.