In order to solve the problems of long distribution time and small distribution coverage of urban emergency medical materials distribution centers, this paper constructs an nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ-based (NSGA-Ⅱ-based) optimal location model for the urban emergency medical material distribution center. Aiming at minimizing the cost of transportation and maximizing the coverage of the population and medical resources of the emergency material collection and distribution center to the adjacent areas, the model introduces a compromise fuzzy decision-making method for the overall location plan and establishes an improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-fuzzy compromise decision evaluation model. The compromise fuzzy decision-making method is constructed to optimize the overall site selection decision-making. The feasibility of the model is verified by taking the location selection scheme of emergency medical materials collection and distribution in Gaocheng District of Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province as an example. The results show that the construction of seven centralized distribution centers can meet the needs of epidemic prevention and control in Gaocheng District, Shijiazhuang City. The construction and transportation costs are reduced. The average transportation time of the optimal scheme is 18.9 minutes and the proportion of travel time over 30 minutes driving is 13.3%, which are reduced by 49.1% and 80.0% respectively compared with the previous scheme. The research results can provide reference for the location plan of emergency collection and distribution center under urban public health emergencies.