Local Group Research Articles

Quality Improvements in Dementia Care in an Acute Hospital Setting

Abstract Background Dementia care in acute hospital settings requires targeted quality improvement initiatives based on national standards. This poster highlights key interventions to enhance care, aligning with local hospital group key performance indicators (KPIs), in one large teaching hospital. Methods Delirium screening (4AT) was implemented in the Emergency Department and geriatric ward, with education to increase staff awareness of delirium screening, prevention, and management. Audits assessed compliance with the 4AT tool. An audit evaluated the geriatric ward environment, including dementia-friendly painting, decorating, and signage, at baseline. Psychotropic prescribing practices were audited in 20 inpatient charts. A Life story Information tool (Sunflower Tool) was implemented to display personalized patient information at the end of the bed. Semi-annual audits assessed usage and effectiveness in the geriatric ward. Results The initial audit showed 85% compliance with the 4AT tool, dropping to 40% in a repeat audit after 6 months. Initially, 17 of 20 charts had complete 4AT scores; in the re-audit, 11 of 20 had scores recorded, with only 8 fully completed. The first environmental audit revealed poor compliance with dementia-friendly standards, especially in signage, clutter, and bedroom colour contrasts. Best compliance was seen with colour contrast in bathroom toilets and handrails. A quality improvement plan was developed to address gaps. The adoption and impact of the Sunflower tool improved patient-staff interactions and personalized care. All ward staff were trained in using the Sunflower tool. Conclusion A robust quality improvement plan, with measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-defined actions, aligned with national standards and local KPIs, is crucial to achieve and sustain positive audit results. Continuous education, resource allocation, and regular audits are required to ensure high-quality care for patients with dementia. Future efforts will focus on addressing identified challenges, refining interventions based on audit feedback, and maintaining care improvements.

Evaluating the Impact of Long-Term Demographic Changes on Local Participation in Italian Rural Policies (2014–2020): A Spatial Autoregressive Econometric Model

This study elaborates on a typology of demographic change and tests this definition at the lowest granular level (LAU2, municipality) with official data. This typology distinguishes between fragile and resilient municipalities based on population dynamics (in terms of duration and intensity) over 1991–2021. This study’s second aim is to elaborate a spatial autoregressive econometric model to evaluate to what extent and in which direction the rate of participation of potential beneficiaries of the Rural Development Programmes (RDPs) of 2014–2020 is affected by demographic change and other explanatory variables. Regression models compare the results of the OLS (aspatial) and spatial autoregressive models (SAR) of four types of participation rates (all RDP schemes; all LEADER schemes; sectoral schemes of RDP and LEADER; non-sectoral schemes of RDPs and LEADER). This comparison makes it possible to understand the differences between centralised and decentralised management and between sectoral and broader rural-targeted schemes. The results of the models appear attractive in interpreting the role of RDP instruments in different regions and local areas. First, the rate of participation is strongly dependent on macro-regional differences. Regarding the demographic factors at the local level, this study highlights that demographic fragility does not necessarily hamper the use of RDP measures. Conversely, the participation rate in RDP policy schemes seems particularly significant in very fragile areas, whereas significance has yet to be proved in other demographic typologies. This result holds particularly true for the policy uptake of non-sectoral schemes. Furthermore, LEADER decentralised interventions fit the fragile areas more than resilient and vital ones due to the territorially targeted approach followed by the Local Action Groups.

Dwarf galaxies as a probe of a primordially magnetized Universe

Aims. The true nature of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) and their role in the formation of galaxies remains elusive. To shed light on these unknowns, we investigated their impact by varying two sets of properties: (i) accounting for the effect of PMFs on the initial matter power spectrum and (ii) accounting for their magneto-hydrodynamical effects on the formation of galaxies. By comparing both, we can determine the dominant agent in shaping galaxy evolution. Methods. We used the magneto-hydrodynamics code RAMSES to generate multiple new zoom-in simulations for eight different host halos of dwarf galaxies across a wide luminosity range of 103 − 106 L⊙. These halos were selected from a ΛCDM cosmological box, tracking their evolution down to redshift z = 0. We explored a variety of primordial magnetic field (comoving) strengths of Bλ ranging from 0.05 to 0.50 nG. Results. We find that magnetic fields in the interstellar medium not only modify star formation processes in dwarf spheroidal galaxies, but these fields also entirely prevent the formation of stars in less compact, ultra-faint galaxies with halo masses and stellar masses below, respectively, ∼2.5 × 109 and 3 × 106 M⊙. At high redshifts, the impact of PMFs on host halos of dwarf galaxies through the modification of the matter power spectrum is more dominant than the influence of magneto-hydrodynamics in shaping their gaseous structure. Through the amplification of small perturbations ranging in mass from 107 to 109 M⊙ in the ΛCDM+PMFs matter power spectrum, primordial fields expedite the formation of the first dark matter halos, leading to an earlier onset and a higher star formation rate at redshifts of z > 9. We investigated the evolution of various energy components and demonstrated that magnetic fields with an initial strength of Bλ ≥ 0.05 nG exhibit a strong growth of magnetic energy, accompanied by a saturation phase that begins soon after the growth phase. These trends persist consistently, regardless of the initial conditions or whether it is the classical ΛCDM model or ΛCDM modified by PMFs. Lastly, we investigated the impact of PMFs on the present-time observable properties of dwarf galaxies, namely: the half light radius, V-band luminosity, mean metallicity, and velocity dispersion profile. We find that PMFs with moderate strengths of Bλ ≤ 0.10 nG show an impressive agreement with the scaling relations of the observed Local Group dwarfs. However, stronger fields lead to larger sizes and higher velocity dispersions.

Insights into the molecular network characteristics of major HIV-1 subtypes in developed Eastern China: a study based on comprehensive molecular surveillance data.

This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive molecular epidemiology study of major HIV-1 subtypes in developed Eastern China (Zhejiang Province). Plasma samples and epidemiological information were collected from 4180 newly diagnosed HIV-1 positive patients in Zhejiang Province in 2021. Pol sequences were obtained to determine the subtypes via multiple analytical tools. HIV-1 molecular networks were constructed on the basis of genetic distances to analyze transmission patterns among major subtypes. Furthermore, the birth-death skyline (BDSKY) model was utilized to estimate the transmission risks associated with large clusters (LCs). In 4180 patients, 3699 (88.49%) pol sequences were successfully obtained and classified into four subtype groups. In the networks under an optimal genetic distance of 0.01 substitutions/site, the majority of links (74.52%, 1383/1856) involved individuals within the same city, highlighting the predominant role of local transmission in driving the HIV-1 epidemic. In the CRF07_BC, CRF01_AE, and others/URFs networks, men who have sex with men (MSM) were the primary sexual transmission population, with the younger MSM group (< 30 years old) exhibiting higher linkage frequencies. Within the CRF08_BC network, 93.98% of individuals were infected primarily through heterosexual contact and had a significantly greater risk of localized clustering than other subtypes did. Moreover, fifteen identified LCs were predominantly transmitted through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC), exhibiting localized clustering and high potential for sustained diffusion. Overall, our findings reveal a diverse and heterogeneous distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Zhejiang Province, with noticeable variations in hotspots across different geographic areas and populations.

Copra Production at the “End” of the World

Abstract Often mentioned only as a brief reference, the port town of Ende was a crucial player in a network connecting Arabic, Chinese, Indian, and Javanese merchants with the trade in valuable commodities from Eastern Indonesia. This article explores the cultural and economic exchanges at the heart of Endenese identity through archival research, historical ecology, oral histories, and ethnography. Known to the Dutch as a pirate and slaving centre, Ende was the most significant force in the Savu Sea until 1907. With the local economy reshaped to produce agricultural staples in the early twentieth century, Ende experienced a minor boom by exporting copra, or dried coconut husks. In this article, I reconstruct the complex commodity dynamics that silently shaped Ende. “Invisibilised” by colonial and Indonesian forces, I identify Ende’s peripheralisation as the deliberate consequence of the consolidation of governance power among outside elites and the disempowerment of local groups. I conclude by showing the value of ethnographic tools in retelling the stories of those who were once at the centre of the world.

Automated body measurement of beef cattle based on keypoint detection and local point cloud clustering

Abstract Body size parameters of beef cattle are crucial for assessing growth status and breeding value. In actual farming environments, the various postures of beef cattle and complex backgrounds can affect the accuracy and stability of non-contact body measurement methods. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method called the cattle body measurement method (CBMM), which combines keypoint detection with local point cloud clustering. First, a keypoint detection model based on YOLOv8-SimBiFPN is constructed. This model enhances the feature extraction and fusion capabilities of YOLOv8-pose by introducing SimAM and BiFPN into the backbone and neck networks, respectively, and realizes 2D keypoint detection for beef cattle in various postures. Second, a 3D keypoint-locating algorithm based on Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) is proposed. This algorithm utilizes 2D keypoints, depth maps and camera parameters to generate local point clouds, which are then clustered using DBSCAN to segment cattle body point clouds, thereby relocating the 3D keypoints based on their positional features. Finally, body size parameters are calculated based on the 3D keypoints and distance formulae. In our experiment, the mean average precision (mAP@0.5) of YOLOv8-SimBiFPN reached 99.1% on an Angus beef cattle keypoint detection dataset. The mean absolute percentage errors for measuring beef cattle withers height, hip height, body depth, body length, and oblique body length using the CBMM were 4.37%, 4.96%, 6.47%, 4.84%, and 4.14%, respectively. In summary, our method can achieve non-contact body measurement for beef cattle in a free-moving state with high accuracy and stability.

Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injection for Adhesive Capsulitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Adhesive capsulitis is a common cause of glenohumeral joint pain and stiffness that significantly interferes with patients' lives and ability to work. Since no specific treatment options have been well established, this research examines arthrographic injection of the glenohumeral joint with steroid and local anesthetic versus local anesthetic alone for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis. Methods A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted with patients diagnosed with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis. They were randomized to one of two groups: (1)local anesthetic plus steroid or (2)local anesthetic. A musculoskeletal radiologist performed all of the image-guided injections using a standardized patient-blinded technique. Outcome measures included shoulder range of motion, grip strength, and scores on the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Constant Score, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain. Evaluations occurred at baseline and 3-, 6- and 12-weeks post-injection. Results Thirty-seven patients were enrolled in the study. There was no significant improvement in shoulder range of motion and grip strength with local anesthetic plus corticosteroid injection compared to local anesthetic alone. Shoulder range of motion was better at all time points for the group with local anesthetic alone. Both groups showed significant improvements in their VAS and SPADI pain scores at all post-injection follow-up appointments (p=.011). The SPADI results showed significantly better disability scores for the local anesthetic plus steroid group (p=.012) and improved pain scores from baseline at all follow-up times (p=.011), whereas the local anesthetic group had significant pain relief for only the first 3 weeks (p=.050). Conclusion Intra-articular injection with local anesthetic plus steroid was beneficial in improving pain but not range of motion when compared to injection with local anesthetic alone.

𝐾𝑈-local zeta-functions of finite CW-complexes

Begin with the Hasse-Weil zeta-function of a smooth projective variety over Q \mathbb {Q} . Replace the variety with a finite CW-complex, replace étale cohomology with complex K K -theory K U ∗ KU^* , and replace the p p -Frobenius operator with the p p th Adams operation on K K -theory. This simple idea yields a kind of “ K U KU -local zeta-function” of a finite CW-complex. For a wide range of finite CW-complexes X X with torsion-free K K -theory, we show that this zeta-function admits analytic continuation to a meromorphic function on the complex plane, with a nice functional equation, and whose special values in the left half-plane recover the K U KU -local stable homotopy groups of X X away from 2 2 . We then consider a more general and sophisticated version of the K U KU -local zeta-function, one which is suited to finite CW-complexes X X with nontrivial torsion in their K K -theory. This more sophisticated K U KU -local zeta-function involves a product of L L -functions of complex representations of the torsion subgroup of K U 0 ( X ) KU^0(X) , similar to how the Dedekind zeta-function of a number field factors as a product of Artin L L -functions of complex representations of the Galois group. For a wide range of such finite CW-complexes X X , we prove analytic continuation of the zeta-function, and we show that the special values in the left half-plane recover the K U KU -local stable homotopy groups of X X away from 2 2 if and only if the skeletal filtration on the torsion subgroup of K U 0 ( X ) KU^0(X) splits completely.

A clustered federated learning framework for collaborative fault diagnosis of wind turbines

Data-driven approaches demonstrate significant potential in accurately diagnosing faults in wind turbines. To enhance diagnostic performance and reduce communication costs in federated learning with data heterogeneity among different clients, we introduce a clustered federated learning framework to wind turbine fault diagnosis. Initially, a lightweight multiscale separable residual network (LMSRN) model is proposed for each local client. The LMSRN model integrates a multiscale spatial feature derivation unit and a depthwise separable feature extraction unit. Subsequently, to tackle data heterogeneity among clients, canonical correlation coefficients of representations are extracted from the intermediate layers of local LMSRN models, and a representational canonical correlation clustering (RCCC) method is proposed to assess the similarity of local LMSRN models and group them into clusters. Finally, a global model is trained for each cluster. Real-world wind turbine data experiments showcase the superior performance of the proposed clustered federated learning framework over traditional methods in terms of diagnostic accuracy and computational speed. Additionally, the optimal choice of the number of clusters is also discussed.

Excellence in the management of local action groups: an empirical investigation of critical success factors

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the extent to which the criteria of the EFQM Excellence Model and the relationships between them are relevant in the management of rural territory development. Verifying this relevance is crucial as a first step to determine how the adoption of an excellence model could enhance the results of the local action groups (LAGs) in managing their territories. If successful, the benefits for the management of territorial rural development in Spain could be highly significant.Design/methodology/approachField data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to the managers of 253 LAGs in Spain during the first quarter of 2021. Hypotheses were formulated to evaluate the significance of the EFQM model in the outcomes achieved by LAGs. The data were analysed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and necessary conditions analysis (NCA).FindingsThis study validates all the formulated assumptions regarding the EFQM model, including the mediating role of process management in the impact of strategy and the technical team (people) on outcomes. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the adoption of a model of excellence could increase the effectiveness of LAGs in managing the development of their territories.Research limitations/implicationsLike all research, this study has its limitations. For example, the data used responds to an indirect approach to the criteria of the EFQM model. Direct measurement of the criteria was not possible because there were no LAG evaluations with the EFQM model or any other model of excellence. Additionally, the LAG sample used does not equally reflect the reality of the different autonomous communities, which, together with the relatively small nature of the sample, does not allow comparisons of the autonomous communities. The age of the participants was not included in the analysis, so it was not possible to evaluate the effect that this variable could have on the results. There are LAGs in other EU countries as well. It would be interesting to see whether the results obtained in this study with Spanish LAGs are consistent with those in other countries. The study was conducted at the criterion level. It would be of interest to delve deeper into the subcriterion level in future work. Finally, this study was based on the EFQM 2013, while the most recent study was from 2020, which is a limitation. When the study was designed, there was not yet sufficient experience with the 2020 model. It will be interesting to see in future work the extent to which the results and conclusions obtained remain consistent with those of the 2020 model.Practical implicationsApproaches to tackling the problem of rural development have often relied on intuitive and practical trial-and-error methods in the implementation of public policies rather than on a solid and validated theoretical foundation. Therefore, verifying the relevance of the criteria and their interrelationships, intrinsic to models such as the EFQM 2013 model, in the context of managing rural territories, can greatly aid the management of these types of organisations.Social implicationsThe development of rural territories is a critical issue that remains unresolved in many countries. Failure to address this, or not doing so in a timely manner, has consequences for equity and migration to large urban centres. Enhancing the effectiveness of the LAGs can improve the living conditions of people in rural areas and contribute to the overall development of rural territories in Spain. This can simultaneously help mitigate the depopulation of rural areas.Originality/valueTraditional approaches to rural development have often relied on practical trial-and-error methods in implementing public policies. The decision to adopt an excellence management model for the development of rural territories hinges on the validity of criteria and their interrelationships, such as those intrinsic to the EFQM 2013 model, within the context of rural development.HighlightsThe EFQM model of excellence is applicable in managing the development of rural territories, although some relationships between criteria, such as the case of Partnership and Resources on Results, are affected by the context in which local action groups currently operate in Spain.This study applies PLS-SEM in the analysis of the relationships between criteria of the EFQM model in the context of managing the development of rural territories.

Skin-directed radiotherapy for primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.

To evaluate the efficacy and toxicities of skin-directed radiotherapy (RT) in primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). We retrospectively analyzed 57 CTCL lesions treated with skin-directed RT between January 2000 and December 2022. Lesions were categorized into three distinct groups: early-stage disease treated with local RT, advanced-stage disease treated with local RT, and advanced-stage disease treated with total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT). Treatment outcomes, including response rates, recurrence patterns, and local progression probability, were assessed for each group. Mycosis fungoides (MF) constituted 90.9% of the advanced-stage pathologies, while CD4+ primary cutaneous small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder was common in the early stage lesions (55%). Median RT doses were 30.6 Gy, 27 Gy, and 32 Gy for the local RT with early stage, the local RT with advanced stage, and TSEBT with advanced stage, respectively. The complete response rates were high across the groups: 95.5%, 70.8%, and 90.9%, respectively. Seven local recurrences (29.2%) occurred in the local RT group with advanced stage, while seven patients (63.6%) in the TSEBT group experienced local failure. All recurrences were observed in lesions and patients with MF. Acute toxicities were mainly grade 1 or 2, with no grade 3 or higher events. No significant association between RT dose and local progression rates in MF lesions was found. Skin-directed RT in CTCL is effective for local control and well-tolerated with less toxicity.

Positive character and psychological well-being: A nuanced examination among adolescents from diverse rural-urban and migration contexts.

Positive character is an integral component of positive youth development that relates to psychological well-being among adolescents, yet the literature has largely overlooked its within-group variation. This study examined the latent profiles of positive character and explored their variation in psychological well-being across four adolescent groups (i.e., migrant, left-behind, rural local, and urban local adolescents) within each profile. A diverse sample of 15,895 adolescents from 10 provinces of China (Meanage = 13.16, SD = 2.53; 47.5% girls) completed a cross-sectional survey on positive character and psychological well-being in 2017. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted based on four positive characters. We investigated the distribution of each positive character profile across subgroups, as well as if and how the psychological well-being varied across different adolescent groups within each profile. LPA revealed three subgroups, including "Thriving" (53.6%), "Moderate" (39.1%), and "Lagging" (7.4%) positive character profiles. The "Thriving" profile was more prevalent among the urban local (58.5%) and migrant (55.8%) adolescent groups, while the "Lagging" profile was most prevalent among the left-behind adolescent group (11.6%). Urban local and migrant adolescents tended to show better psychological well-being compared to rural local and left-behind adolescents, and the disparities were generally more pronounced under the "Thriving" profile as compared to the "Moderate" and "Lagging" profiles. Three positive character profiles were captured among four groups of Chinese adolescents varied in parental migration status and rural-urban residency. Tailored youth development programs are needed for different groups of adolescents varying in positive character profiles.

A large church in a village that failed to become a city

The Oude Jeroenskerk in the South Holland coastal village of Noordwijk is the largest, and one of the most perfectly preserved, late medieval village churches in the provinces of South and North Holland. Compared with the village in which it stands and the village churches in the surrounding area, the Oude Jeroenskerk is not just beautifully proportioned, but above all remarkably large. This phenomenon – a large church in a small settlement – is clearly interesting, yet it has never been the subject of specific research. Following the miraculous discovery in 976 of the bones of Jeroen, a missionary murdered in 856 by the Norsemen, the ancient Nordcha settlement developed into a place of pilgrimage with urban tendencies. The subsequent ‘discovery’ of Jeroen’s skull in around 1316 furthered the growth of both the village and the church. On 1 April 1398 the village was granted a city charter, but this was subsequently withdrawn on 12 March 1399.The applicants’ right to make such an application was challenged and those involved had plainly underestimated the costs associated with city status. What remained was an under-construction large church, which was eventually completed in around 1500. The construction and appearance of the Oude Jeroenskerk would seem to have been heavily influenced by the count and the local nobility, beginning with Count Dirk II, who granted permission to erect a church in 976. The architects of the brick church are unknown, but it is conceivable that the first element, a tower (1260), was the work of the master craftsman Albrecht van Velsen. In the same period he was involved in the erection of the Leeuwenhorst Cistercian convent in nearby Noordwijkerhout. The phase in which the church acquired its three-aisle, pseudo-basilica layout was possibly initiated by Count Albrecht van Beieren (1336-1404). It was he who heeded the desire of a group of ambitious villagers to elevate their village to the status of a city. This assumption is based on remarkable similarities in floor plan and elevation with the Sint Jacobskerk in ’s-Gravenhage before its radical renovation between 1434 and 1492. It is assumed that the transept (1389) in that church was commissioned by Albrecht. It was during Albrecht’s period of office that the current choir of the Oude Jeroenskerk was built (1389-1405), followed by the transept and three-aisle nave (1415/1425-1444/1500). The Sint Jacobskerk became the main church, located in the administrative heart of the county. The Oude Jeroenskerk remained an important pilgrim church up until the Reformation. A church of substantial proportions that reflected contemporary urban aspirations and still looks like an urban parish church. In terms of materials and detailing it was simple and sober and as such comparable with village churches in the surrounding area and with the Sint Jacobskerk in ’s-Gravenhage until the latter’s reconstruction in 1434. Noordwijk had the potential to grow into a small city. It had the status of a place of pilgrimage, was a religious centre and boasted a relatively large population, including members of the nobility. A large church capable of accommodating local residents and pilgrims corresponded with the urban ambitions of a group of locals. Although those briefly realized ambitions were soon dashed, what remained was the Oude Jeroenskerk: a gothic, pseudo-basilica cruciform church with a square-based tower incorporated on three sides in a three-aisled nave.

Mechanistic model for epigenetic maintenance by methyl-CpG-binding domain proteins.

DNA methylation is a fundamental element of epigenetic regulation that is governed by the MBD protein superfamily, a group of "readers" that share a highly conserved methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) and mediate chromatin remodeler recruitment, transcription regulation, and coordination of DNA and histone modification. Previous work has characterized the binding affinity and sequence selectivity of MBD-containing proteins toward palindromes of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) containing 5mCpG dinucleotides, often referred to as single symmetrically methylated CpG sites. However, little is known about how MBD binding is influenced by the prototypical local clustering of methylated CpG sites and the presence of DNA structural motifs encountered, e.g., during DNA replication and transcription. Here, we use Single-Molecule Kinetics through Equilibrium Poisson Sampling (SiMKEPS) to measure precise binding and dissociation rate constants of the MBD of human protein MBD1 to DNAs with varying patterns of multiple methylated CpG sites and diverse structural motifs. MBD binding is promoted by two major properties of its DNA substrates: 1) tandem (consecutive) symmetrically methylated CpG sites in double-stranded DNA and secondary structures in single-stranded DNA; and 2) DNA forks. Based on our findings, we propose a mechanistic model for how MBD proteins contribute to epigenetic boundary maintenance between transcriptionally silenced and active genome regions.

Contribution of astrophysical events to the chemical evolution of a dwarf irregular galaxy

ABSTRACT We study the contribution of various astrophysical events asymptotic giant branch (AGB stars, core collapse and thermonuclear supernovae, neutron star mergers, and collapsars) to the abundances of elements both up to and heavier than the iron peak in a Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy, Wolf–Lundmark–Melotte (WLM). Its star formation history has been recently determined by observations with the JWST, and we use it to estimate the occurrence of the astrophysical sources. The rates of the gas accretion and the outflow are roughly determined based on the stellar metallicity distribution, the oxygen abundance of H ii regions, and the gas fraction. As discussed in the literature, the difference in time-scales on which the astrophysical events release the nucleosynthesis products is seen in the occurrence of the events and the evolution of abundance ratios. WLM has an extended star formation history and massive stars are recently and currently formed. Thus, the contribution of rotating massive stars through the weak s-process appears in the abundance ratios of light trans-iron elements to iron at later time of the evolution.

Galaxy groups in the presence of cosmological constant: Increasing the masses of groups

The boundaries of galaxy groups and clusters are defined by the interplay between the Newtonian attractive force and the decoupling from the local expansion of the Universe. This work extends the definition of a zero radial acceleration surface (ZRAS) and the turnaround surface (TS) for a general distribution of the masses in an expanding background, governed by the cosmological constant. We apply these definitions to different galaxy groups in the local Universe, mapping these groups up to ten megaparsec distances. We discuss the dipole and the quadrupole rate for the Local Group of Galaxies and the implementations on the Hubble diagram correction and galaxy groups virialization. With these definitions, we present the surfaces showing the interplay between the local expansion vs the local Newtonian attraction for galaxy groups in the local Universe. Further, we estimate the masses of different galaxy groups and show that the inclusion of the Cosmological Constant in the analysis predicts these masses to be higher by 5-10%. For instance the Local Group of galaxies is estimated to be (2.47±0.08)⋅1012M⊙. For the groups with enough tracers close to the TS, the contribution of the Cosmological Constant makes the masses to be even higher. The results show the importance of including the local cosmic expansion in analyzing the Cosmic Flow of the local Universe.

Warriors from the south? Arrowheads from the Tollense Valley and Central Europe

Investigations in the Tollense Valley in north-eastern Germany have provided evidence of a large and violent conflict in the thirteenth century BC. Typological analysis of arrowheads from the valley (10 flint and 54 bronze specimens) and comparison with type distributions in Central Europe, presented here for the first time, emphasise the supra-regional nature of the conflict. While the flint arrowheads are typical for the local Nordic Bronze Age, the bronze arrowheads show a mixture of local and non-local forms, adding to the growing evidence for a clash between local groups and at least one incoming group from southern Central Europe.

Juozas Šibaila-Merainis

During the investigation it was established that the case of Juozas Šibaila, one of the freedom fighters, can be regarded as an individual’s voluntary act of joining the guerrilla struggles. His decision most likely was determined by the factors between some groups. First of all, these were national and cultural values and the position on the issue of defence of the state. They are testified to by professional (teacher’s) activities and his active participation in different public organisations: the Lithuanian Riflemen’s Union, the Lithuanian National Youth Union ‘Jaunoji Lietuva’ (Young Lithuania), also, possible cooperation with intelligence of Lithuania, organising local rebel groups in 1941, membership in the Local Force. This has to be assumed that it was purely personal reasons that greatly influenced the crucial decision to become a partisan – the desire to take revenge on the Soviets for deporting his family, the perception that there was nowhere to draw back – Juozas Šibaila, as an unreliable social element, had been the focus of the repressive structures of the occupiers since 1940. After the re-occupation, he was threatened with being taken to court and sentenced to death for taking part in the persecutions of Soviet activists and for other kinds of activities carried out in the summer of 1941. Juozas Šibaila, a teacher and an active propagator of nationality, had the authority and enjoyed high reputation in the environs of his place of residence, which he always tried to maintain and justify; hence, his early joining armed resistance, organising the first groups of partisans seems quite natural. His work in the headquarters of different underground structures where he was responsible for publishing the press and proclamations, preparing documents necessary for centralisation or their drafts, successful attempts to draw as many teachers in the fights for freedom as possible, which took the greatest part of time of Juozas Šibaila as a partisan, as well as the analysis of his personal correspondence, allows us to state that this person was perfectly aware of the importance and significance of public, ideological-intellectual component to the fights for freedom. Such external attributes as codenames of Diedukas and Merainis which are atypical of a freedom fighter, the appearance resembling an ordinary peasant, suggest that the image of a fighter-hero was alien to him. He was a strict, authoritative and respected leader of partisans who managed to establish close, family relations with his brothers-in-arms. The importance and significance of Juozas Šibaila to the post-war armed underground is undeniable. In his ideological texts Juozas Šibaila-Merainis spoke mainly about political aspirations of the Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters (ULFF) and moral-spiritual side of the fights. According to him, close links of democracy and Christian morality relatedd these spheres. He tended to treat partisan resistance to the Soviets, first and foremost, as a struggle for the well-being of all humanity determined and inspired by the Lord. Having examined Juozas Šibaila’s written legacy in this field, as well as the way he was valued by the members of the underground, it can be stated that, on the one hand, the majority of the values and concepts fostered therein may be fundamental and inseparable from armed post-war resistance, and, on the other hand, their presentation and the chosen means of expression seemed to the majority of the partisans difficult to understand and were unacceptable. It might be that a large part of partisans, unlike Juozas Šibaila, imagined fights for freedom simply as war waged by the members of the underground for freedom of the state rather than that of an individual. Consequently, though Merainis’ above-mentioned texts were significant and valuable, in some cases it cannot be stated that they had a considerable impact on the world outlook of an ordinary partisan or a common peasant.

Study on the Effect of Ce Doping Concentration on the Kinetics of Graphene Formation

The thermodynamic and kinetic processes of Ce-doped graphene were simulated by the method of first-principles molecular dynamics. The structural optimization and annealing, the kinetic properties of Ce-doped graphene composites were calculated by the classical mechanics Forcite module. The results show that with the increase of Ce doping concentration, the order of the radial distribution function in the system increases and presents a state of aggregation. According to the analysis of mean azimuth shift function, the mean square displacement (MSD) value of Ce doped graphene composite increases with the increase of doping concentration, and the corresponding diffusion coefficient also increases. The research of gyration radius and gyration evolution radius shows that with the increase of temperature and doping concentration, the gyration evolution radius of atoms becomes shorter and shorter, indicating that the interatomic force in the system is enhanced and the range of activity is shortened. Combined with the analysis of local cluster structure, it can be seen that the maximum cluster size and number of Ce doped graphene composites do not change significantly with the increase of doping concentration, indicating that Ce atom doping will improve the order in the system, increase the diffusion coefficient and enhance the interaction force between atoms. The paper aims to reduce the error between the theoretical properties and the actual properties, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of new materials with excellent properties.

Abstract A115: Utilizing digital storytelling to improve the recruitment of Black and Hispanic patients for a genetic predisposition to prostate cancer screening trial

Abstract Introduction: Clinical genomics leads to more effective cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Prostate cancer (PC) significantly impacts Black and Hispanic men, but participation in clinical trials and PC risk management methods like genetic testing and screening remains low. Barriers to diversity and inclusion in clinical trials include cultural and socioeconomic factors. Digital storytelling is an effective tool for building trust and increasing community engagement. We aim to develop and assess the use of digital storytelling to improve recruitment of Black and Hispanic patients in a trial for men at high genetic risk for developing PC (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03805919) and raise awareness of genetic testing and enrollment in clinical trials within these communities. Methods: Guided by the Assessing Community Engagement Conceptual Model, we will establish a community advisory panel (CAP) comprised of patient advocates, community, and clinical partners with a strong interest in increasing clinical trial representation of Black and Hispanic patients at high genetic risk for developing PC. CAP participants will be identified from existing partners and through snowballing techniques, which involve asking partners to recommend other CAP participants. The CAP will co-design storytelling interview questions, baseline, and outcome assessments and collectively determine effective methods for digital story dissemination. To evaluate the impact of storytelling on awareness, interest, and participation in genetic testing, medical management, and clinical trial recruitment among Black and Hispanic men, outcome assessments co-designed with the CAP will be administered pre and post-video viewing and include viewer qualitative interviews. Results: Filmed interviews with Black and Hispanic participants will be conducted. Interviews will focus on participant experiences with clinical trials, genetic testing, and cancer risk management. Interview transcripts will be in English and Spanish with forward and back translation to ensure accuracy using National Institutes of Health resources. Local and national partners, community organizations, faith-based institutions, healthcare facilities, and advocacy groups identified by the CAP will facilitate dissemination. Digital stories will be distributed across various multimedia platforms to maximize outreach and accessibility, including community web platforms, social media channels, podcasts, local radio stations, educational workshops, health fairs, cultural events, churches, and support groups. Conclusion: Building strategies for improving patient-centered care delivery and community engagement within culturally diverse populations will enhance clinical trial diversity and inclusion. Using digital storytelling as a recruitment strategy for clinical trials can foster trust, engagement, and participation within Black and Hispanic communities. Study findings will contribute to future clinical trial design and recruitment to enhance underrepresented minority participation in clinical research. Citation Format: Yi Liu, Brenda Adjei, Anna Couvillon, Kathleen Calzone, Fatima Karzai. Utilizing digital storytelling to improve the recruitment of Black and Hispanic patients for a genetic predisposition to prostate cancer screening trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A115.