Local Style Research Articles

Local Style Preservation in Improved GAN-Driven Synthetic Image Generation for Endoscopic Tool Segmentation.

Accurate semantic image segmentation from medical imaging can enable intelligent vision-based assistance in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery. The human body and surgical procedures are highly dynamic. While machine-vision presents a promising approach, sufficiently large training image sets for robust performance are either costly or unavailable. This work examines three novel generative adversarial network (GAN) methods of providing usable synthetic tool images using only surgical background images and a few real tool images. The best of these three novel approaches generates realistic tool textures while preserving local background content by incorporating both a style preservation and a content loss component into the proposed multi-level loss function. The approach is quantitatively evaluated, and results suggest that the synthetically generated training tool images enhance UNet tool segmentation performance. More specifically, with a random set of 100 cadaver and live endoscopic images from the University of Washington Sinus Dataset, the UNet trained with synthetically generated images using the presented method resulted in 35.7% and 30.6% improvement over using purely real images in mean Dice coefficient and Intersection over Union scores, respectively. This study is promising towards the use of more widely available and routine screening endoscopy to preoperatively generate synthetic training tool images for intraoperative UNet tool segmentation.

Religious Tourism in Khmelnytskyi Region

The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of religious tourism in Khmelnytskyi region. It is noted that religious tourism is realized in two formats: sightseeing and pilgrimage. It is stated that under modern conditions of Khmelnytskyi region there is a powerful layer of various religious monuments. Among these are, pagan «places of power», settlements-sanctuaries, temples, sacrificial wells, rock temples, dolmens, stone monumentalism. Christianity is widely represented: churches, cathedrals, churches, monasteries, churches, chapels. The Jewish sacred heritage is the follows; synagogues and necropolises became widespread in the region. Remains are considered interesting tourist locations elements of Muslim mosques and minarets. Emphasis is placed on the diversity of architectural forms, styles, purpose of religious buildings: stone churches, churches, defensive synagogues, wooden temples, rotunda churches; built in neo-Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Late Baroque, Classical, Greek, «pseudo-Russian», local styles; regimental churches, castle temples. Some examples of the historical past and present of sacred buildings are given. Emphasis is placed on the insufficiently-studied locations of religious tourism, they are «kissing ponds» — wells, springs, streams, lakes, many of which are in Khmelnytskyi region. Interesting tourist locations can be settlements that have given impetus to the development of various cultural phenomena related to religion. Sacred monuments destroyed during the Soviet period can have a powerful potential. Their identification, restoration, popularization will provide a solid basis for a broad understanding of the history of the region, the restoration of lost cultural strata and national memory.

Strategic litigation in Brazil: exploring the translocalisation of a legal practice

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the unfolding of translocal legal dynamics of power and resistance, examining the case of Brazilian people’s lawyering and its encounter with and appropriation of strategic litigation, highlighting what is gained and what is lost in the process. While strategic litigation has its historical roots in the Global North, as part of the movement of public interest litigation, it has increasingly become a translocal legal practice through its transnational diffusion, pushed by transnational actors such as universities, foundations, and international NGOs. As a translocal legal practice, strategic litigation is reshaped in its encounters with local scenarios, actors, and dynamics, and acquires new meanings and features as it is adapted to respond to local challenges. At the same time, the diffusion of the practice also transforms local legal styles of lawyering that adopt it, thus posing the question of how power and identity are negotiated in transnational legal encounters.

Few-shot Font Generation with Localized Style Representations and Factorization

Automatic few-shot font generation is a practical and widely studied problem because manual designs are expensive and sensitive to the expertise of designers. Existing few-shot font generation methods aim to learn to disentangle the style and content element from a few reference glyphs, and mainly focus on a universal style representation for each font style. However, such approach limits the model in representing diverse local styles, and thus makes it unsuitable to the most complicated letter system, e.g., Chinese, whose characters consist of a varying number of components (often called ``radical'') with a highly complex structure. In this paper, we propose a novel font generation method by learning localized styles, namely component-wise style representations, instead of universal styles. The proposed style representations enable us to synthesize complex local details in text designs. However, learning component-wise styles solely from reference glyphs is infeasible in the few-shot font generation scenario, when a target script has a large number of components, e.g., over 200 for Chinese. To reduce the number of reference glyphs, we simplify component-wise styles by a product of component factor and style factor, inspired by low-rank matrix factorization. Thanks to the combination of strong representation and a compact factorization strategy, our method shows remarkably better few-shot font generation results (with only 8 reference glyph images) than other state-of-the-arts, without utilizing strong locality supervision, e.g., location of each component, skeleton, or strokes. The source code is available at https://github.com/clovaai/lffont.

ANALYSIS OF THE ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL LANDSCAPE OF THE RIVER VALLEY SPACES IN UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS

The results of the analysis of architectural and landscape interactions in the valley spaces of the rivers in Ukrainian Carpathians are presented in the article. The analysis was made at the scale level of elements of the architectural landscape. It was the next step after preliminary studies at the two highest scale levels - the level of settlement systems and at the level of settlements. The goal is to create a scientific basis for the methodical bases of the architectural and landscape arrangement of river valley spaces in Ukrainian Carpathians.
 Architectural and landscape interactions at a lowest scale level (level of an architectural landscape elements) are most clearly manifested in the aesthetic aspects. Elements of the architectural landscape are divided into natural and anthropogenic. The last ones were studied, which in turn are divided into urban elements, architectural objects and engineering structures. 30 elements were analyzed by functional-planning and aesthetic characteristics, of which 7 are presented in the article.
 It was revealed, that the large buildings, which visually dominate the relief, spoil aesthetics and identity of the valley landscape. When the traditional superficiality is exceeded, the feeling of the dominant influence of natural components on the local architectural environment is lost. The use of artificial finishing materials or too bright colors distorts the image and disintegrates the environment.
 It was established, that the best aesthetic effect in the relationship of architecture and landscape is achieved by applying traditional local styles in construction, in which there is an organic unity of nature and architecture through scale and form, as well as the use of natural materials in decoration.

A Comparison Study on Traditional Mixtures of Herbal Teas Used in Eastern Mediterranean Area.

Multipurpose herbal teas with numerous ingredients, in which flowers are the main component, are common in the traditional medicine and pharmacy of Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean countries. In this study, we combine ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology field work techniques and botany and pharmacognosy laboratory methods for the study of traditional herbal mixtures with flowers, we identify their botanical ingredients and record the local medicinal uses of these mixtures, in Greece, Lebanon, Syria, Iran and Turkey. These, and their industrial versions, are analyzed, using morphological and multivariate analysis techniques in order to determine marker species, relevant patterns of combination and local styles. The medicinal properties attributed to the different flowers are discussed in relation with their role in the mixtures. These blends are consumed for their relaxing, digestive, and anti-infective properties. These mixtures are not consumed as a treatment when one is sick but rather to avoid getting sick, as a preventive measure. The formulations can reach forty ingredients (sarantha in Greek, arbain in Arabic language of Palestine), usually entire or coarsely chopped in the more traditional formulations, leading to extreme variability of individual doses. We ask what biological signification this randomness can have. To give an answer requires new and more comprehensive pharmacological approaches. The flowers of Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae and Fabaceae species characterize these mixtures in which other materials (roots, leaves, and fruits) and other species are present as well. Flowers of some species, particularly of Fabaceae, are exclusively used in mixtures, and their use in monospecific herbal teas is not yet recorded. We draw attention on the urgent need in exhaustively recording in Greece and the Near East, the formulation and use of traditional herbal mixtures and their numerous local variants. To consider these mixtures and the contribution of flowers (most mixtures receive the general name of tea of flowers) merits further extensive study.

Philosophy of applied reliability and safety of Ukraine new transport infrastructure

Summarizes experience and identifies strategic directions of the new transport infrastructure; contained methodology of ensuring the development and implementation competitive projects and services of new transport infrastructure; case of competitive projects and services of new transport infrastructure is presented, taking into account legal and educational and research support. Systematization of terminology is the basis for use in the wording of projects and changes to laws and regulations regarding the requirements of reliability and safety of infrastructure facilities and further theory development and practice of infrastructure projects. The use and involvement domestic raw materials and road operators for network development of cement concrete roads in Ukraine from the southeast to the northwest will provide long-term, within 25-30 years, prospect of building this network, which is qualitative guarantee changes in employment, rural development and efficiency of the national economy. Smart Stop Point projects take into account the trends of modern philosophy in architecture and construction, local identity, ethnic styles and motifs, geographical and weather conditions, limitations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, autonomy, energy efficiency, inclusion, urban connectivity, suburban and long-distance control systems. Proposed a new principles of scheduled repairs of hard coatings with different operation modes and operating conditions are breakthrough in the dual use of certain types materials, products and technologies, both civilian and military, and meets the interests of national security and defense of Ukraine. Designing schemes and urgent measures for the dispersion of transport and passenger flows in the event of illegal interference in the operation of infrastructure facilities are efficient, effective, safe, can be monitored and connected to urban, suburban and intercity control systems. A comprehensive system of monitoring and control reliability and safety of infrastructure facilities also provides continuous monitoring, assessment and changes in the condition of airfields and road surfaces. Training, retraining, raising and improving the skills of managers and specialists in reliability and safety in transport is an important step to ensure transport functioning road complex of Ukraine.

Local artistic style formation in urban environment design

The article presents the corporate style as the leading project method in design in XXth century and its use in the design of the urban environment in the form of a local architectural and artistic style of the ensemble. It has become widespread in the organization of pedestrian streets in urban centers as a means of stylistic harmonization of diverse buildings and increasing the artistic expressiveness of the spatial ensemble. The striking example is the reconstruction of the Nikolayviertel in Berlin and his development into a territorial brand. At the same time, the graphic, artistic and stylistic accompaniment of the territorial brand became a logical continuation and development of its local architectural and artistic style, embedded in the architectural context, enhancing its imaginative component and the general artistic «positive». The modern post-industrial society brings with it changes that have affected the artistic and aesthetic qualities of the environment. Instead of an «open-air museum» with a clearly organized historical and architectural exposition, the visitor is offered a «settled» and a little shabby in the «shabby chic» style urban environment with picturesque green corners of cafes and restaurants.

Classification of Uzbek music folklore genre

This article provides information on Uzbek musical folklore, ceremonial songs, local styles. The article notes that the convergence of the musical traditions of Fergana - Tashkent, Bukhara -Samarkand, Surkhandarya - Kashkadarya and Khorezm as the leading principles. The views of the scholars are well described. In particular, labor rituals, one of the oldest examples of folk music, are used in some forms of human physical activity, such as plowing, sowing, grinding grain in a ash mill, spinning on a wheel. It is known that the art of glorious maqom is the most valuable and honorable treasure of our national spiritual property. Its original specimens have been used for generations. Even when it was officially banned for large-scale propaganda, the maqom quo remained practical. In addition, the predominance of melody in “yor-yor” depends on its performers. For example, if the free verses of the song “yor-yor” are brought to the bridegroom by the bridegroom's wife or a relative of the bride, then the bride's good qualities, good manners, and perfection are praised.

A Novel AlphaSRGAN for Underwater Image Super Resolution

Obtaining clear images of underwater scenes with descriptive details is an arduous task. Conventional imaging techniques fail to provide clear cut features and attributes that ultimately result in object recognition errors. Consequently, a need for a system that produces clear images for underwater image study has been necessitated. To overcome problems in resolution and to make better use of the Super-Resolution (SR) method, this paper introduces a novel method that has been derived from the Alpha Generative Adversarial Network (AlphaGAN) model, named Alpha Super Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (AlphaSRGAN). The model put forth in this paper helps in enhancing the quality of underwater imagery and yields images with greater resolution and more concise details. Images undergo pre-processing before they are fed into a generator network that optimizes and reforms the structure of the network while enhancing the stability of the network that acts as the generator. After the images are processed by the generator network, they are passed through an adversarial method for training models. The dataset used in this paper to learn Single Image Super Resolution (SISR) is the USR 248 dataset. Training supervision is performed by an unprejudiced function that simultaneously scrutinizes and improves the image quality. Appraisal of images is done with reference to factors like local style information, global content and color. The dataset USR 248 which has a huge collection of images has been used for the study is composed of three collections of images—high (640 480) and low (80 60, 160 120, and 320 240). Paired instances of different sizes—2, 4 and 8—are also present in the dataset. Parameters like Mean Opinion Score (MOS), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity (SSIM) and Underwater Image Quality Measure (UIQM) scores have been compared to validate the improved efficiency of our model when compared to existing works.

Extracting and Predicting Word-Level Style Variations for Speech Synthesis

This paper proposes a speech synthesis method based on unsupervisedly-learned fine-grained style representations, named word-level style variations (WSVs), in order to improve the naturalness of synthetic speech. The whole model contains a WSV extractor and a WSV predictor. The WSV extractor is jointly trained with a sequence-to-sequence (Seq2seq) synthesizer and learns a WSV vector from the mel-spectrogram of each prosodic word in the training set by extending the global style token (GST) framework. In contrast to GST weights which describe the global styles of utterances, WSVs operate at word-level and are expected to describe local style properties, such as stresses. Besides, Gumbel softmax is adopted and the extracted WSVs are close to one-hot vectors which facilitate the subsequent prediction task. The WSV predictor is a deterministic model which generates the sequence of WSV vectors from input text using an autoregressive LSTM network. In addition to phonetic information, e.g., phoneme sequences, Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT) model is employed by the predictor to obtain the semantic descriptions of input text for better predicting the latent speech representation, i.e., WSVs. The WSV predictor is trained by considering both the accuracy of WSV prediction and the distortion of mel-spectrograms recovered from the predicted WSVs. Experimental results show that our proposed method can achieve better naturalness of synthetic speech than baseline Tacotron2, text-predicted global style token (TP-GST) and BERT-Tacotron2 models.

A Domain-Guided Noise-Optimization-Based Inversion Method for Facial Image Manipulation.

A style-based architecture (StyleGAN2) yields outstanding results in data-driven unconditional generative image modeling. This work proposes a Domain-guided Noise-optimization-based Inversion (DNI) method to perform facial image manipulation. It works based on an inverse code that includes: 1) a novel domain-guided encoder called Image2latent to project the image to StyleGAN2 latent space, which can reconstruct an input image with high-quality and maintain its semantic meaning well; 2) a noise optimization mechanism in which a set of noise vectors are used to capture the high-frequency details such as image edges, further improving image reconstruction quality; and 3) a mask for seamless image fusion and local style migration. We further propose a novel semantic alignment evaluation pipeline. It evaluates the semantic alignment with an inverse code by using different attribute boundaries. Extensive qualitative and quantitative comparisons show that DNI can capture rich semantic information and achieve a satisfactory image reconstruction. It can realize a variety of facial image manipulation tasks and outperform state of the art.

RETRACTED: Visual design of cultural and creative product based on microprocessing system and computer-human interaction

Culture is globally recognized as an important driving force for a sustainable creative economy. The importance of participation in the design and cultural creative industries is sufficient research, especially from the perspective of emerging economies. Therefore, designers need a framework to guide them on creating sustainable culture-appropriate products that reflect their users. From cultural memory, integrated design is a new design method to embed users, beliefs, and expectations based on computer Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and Machine Learning (ML) provides products design and services with performance values. Gradually in the global market, the focus on local styles has become a trending style of the current economic development strategies of various countries promoting cultural and creative industries. The advent of creative design applications has changed the global competitive culture's creative product design advantage of the industry. Cultural creative product design emphasizes art, the humanization of creative life and aesthetics has gradually become the emerging economic force. Design technology products, cognitive psychology, information technology, and design a combination of computer application technology, object, and the standard model of the present invention have been designed and developed according to the product's characteristics.

Sustainable Tourism Management Model in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park

Tourism is one of the sector that manage to grow exponentially, it can be seen from the increase in the income of the country from tourism sector which is expected to support the country economic' growth (Ing Wu cited in Putri et al., 2018). Tourism development in Indonesia currently based on sustainable tourism development. This is happened because the policy of sustainable tourism development will use the natural resources and human resources for the long term (Sharpley, 2000). Bromo Tengger Semeru National park area is one of the 10 priority destination that is created by the Ministry of Tourism of Indonesia to expedite sustainable tourism development in Indonesia.As one of the main tourism destination in Indonesia, Bromo Tengger Semeru National park area has many attributes that can attract domestic and international tourists namely: the variety of attraction with more than 10 tourist attractions, local culture attribute, history and natural resources that become main attraction that define Bromo Tengger Semeru national park from other tourist destination. Those various attribute represents tourism in East Java as a whole (Rahajeng, 2008). The level of sustainable tourism can be measured based on three criteria namely: (1) There is no depletion of natural resources, (2) There is no pollution and other negative effect on the environment, (3) tourism activity must be able to increase usable resources and replaceable resources (The Ministry of Environment, 1990). Sustainable development must be based on the long term use of natural resources and continual nature preservation (Eko, 2019). Sustainable tourism development can only happened when the balance of ecology aspect of the tourism destination and social and economy of the local community is achieved while at the same time still authentic and environment friendly (Andres, 2018). Sustainable economically means long term investment that is done now must be useful for the future generation for the long term (Ivan, 2017). Tourism development is one of the main sources of environment degradation even though it brings positive effect for the wellbeing of the society. Tourism sector is one of the contributors of environmental damage when building new infrastructure causing pollution, farming area is changed to tourism infrastructure. In the social aspect the change of people source of livelihood, from farming to working in the tourism business, the change of the local culture, work ethics, the local culture is diminishing (there is no more architecture with traditional local style. Local community is also in the risk of getting too dependent on the tourism sector such as accommodation and restaurant business. The price of the land will be increasing due to a sudden need of land to build tourism infrastructure (Sumiati, 2018). In the social and culture aspect, the behavior of some of the people is changing, some of them will asked visitors to pay extra, forced visitors to do the activities that they are not interested to, and doing touting illegally which will disturb the visitors (Abimanyu, 2010). This practice will reduce visitors satisfaction, because honesty of the people who work in the tourism industry directly is one of the most important factor that influence visitors satisfaction (Andres and Artal-Tur, 2018). Keywords: Sustainable tourism management model, Ecotourism, National tourism development.

GLStyleNet: exquisite style transfer combining global and local pyramid features

Recent studies using deep neural networks have shown remarkable success in style transfer, especially for artistic and photo‐realistic images. However, these methods cannot solve more sophisticated problems. The approaches using global statistics fail to capture small, intricate textures and maintain correct texture scales of the artworks, and the others based on local patches are defective on global effect. To address these issues, this study presents a unified model [global and local style network (GLStyleNet)] to achieve exquisite style transfer with higher quality. Specifically, a simple yet effective perceptual loss is proposed to consider the information of global semantic‐level structure, local patch‐level style, and global channel‐level effect at the same time. This could help transfer not just large‐scale, obvious style cues but also subtle, exquisite ones, and dramatically improve the quality of style transfer. Besides, the authors introduce a novel deep pyramid feature fusion module to provide a more flexible style expression and a more efficient transfer process. This could help retain both high‐frequency pixel information and low‐frequency construct information. They demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of their approach on numerous style transfer tasks, especially the Chinese ancient painting style transfer. Experimental results indicate that their unified approach improves image style transfer quality over previous state‐of‐the‐art methods.

Excavating the Mural of Paradise by Lee Jung-Seob

Lee Jung-Seob (1916–1956) cultivated his artistic talent in the dynamic and progressive environment of Pyongyang and Tokyo during the Japanese colonial period (1910–45), presenting expressionistic paintings of bulls, experimental tinfoil drawings, and playful illustrations, filled with animistic symbolism and Surrealist local style. He always yearned to paint a large-scale masterpiece like a mural but could not achieve this goal in the turmoil of the Korean War (1950–53) and its aftermath. This paper explores the seeds and traces of Lee’s unfulfilled desire to create a monumental mural painting in the context of global art in modern Korea.

Investigation of Local Style Pottery Using Principal Component Analysis

본고는 삼국시대 성주지역 목곽묘 출토 이단투창고배와 대부장경호를 주성분분석을 통해 연구하였고, 이 과정에서성주양식 토기의 특징을 좀 더 구체적, 세부적으로 들여다보고자 하였다. 그 결과 시비실 유적과 명포리 분묘군 출토이단투창고배와 대부장경호는 크게 ‘성주양식 토기’, ‘성주지역産 경주양식 모방 토기’, ‘경주양식 토기’로 구분할 수 있었다. 이 중 성주지역에서 경주양식을 모방하여 제작된 토기들은 그것을 완벽하게 재현하지 못하여 지역색이 농후한지역양식도 아닌, 그렇다고 완전한 경주양식도 아닌 모습을 띠는 것으로 판단하였다. 결과적으로 이러한 양상이 나타나는 것은 지역 내에서 부장용 토기를 제작, 공급한 다양한 공방(공인)이 존재하였기 때문으로 판단되고, 더불어 지역내에 존재한 공방의 성격과 출자, 그를 관리한 지배층의 성향 등도 토기 제작과정에 일정 부분 반영된 것으로 보았다.

ORNAMENTS IN TURKISH FOLK MUSIC IN TERMS OF PERSONAL/LOCAL STYLES AND PERFORMANCE TECHNIQUES

The purpose of this article is to discuss what is the role of the ornaments in folk music; to summarize “ornamental frame of Turkish folk music”, to make some propositions especially for personal and local style, notation, education and collective performance. It is known that there are some terminological problems regarding the use of some concepts in Turkish folk music. In this study, some queries have been made on terminological issues and some terminological preferences have been made that are important for the conclusion of the study. In the context of Turkish folk music, there is a mutual relationship between the "local style" that characterizes the regional character and the "personal style" that indicates the characteristics of personal performance. There are some factors that determine the local style and personal style and their relationship with each other. Among these factors, ornaments and how ornaments are performed are the main factors. When the ornaments in Turkish folk music are examined, a tremendous variety stands out. In this study, the types of ornaments seen in Turkish folk music are classified within the framework of the “relationship between the notes/frets/pitches” and the subject is tried to be enlightened by giving examples from each type of ornaments. According to this, ornaments are examined under three main headings as "ornaments based on repetition of a single pitch", "ornaments between two pitches", "ornaments between more than two pitches”. It is presented in this article as the first step of an effort to reveal the "ornamental frame of Turkish folk music" by giving examples of ornamental types that play a role in the formation of local style and personal style, especially in terms of Turkish folk music. Keywords: Turkish Folk Music, Musical Ornaments, Personal Style, Local Style, Performance Techniques

The detail is more pleasant than the whole: Global and local prime affect esthetic appreciation of artworks showing whole-part ambiguity

Esthetic experience is the result of the coordination of different cognitive processes. It has been widely reported that top-down processes of orienting of attention interact with bottom-up perceptual facilitation occurring during esthetic experience of artworks. Here we use whole-part ambiguity as a tool to test the effect of global and local prime on esthetic appreciation of complex visual artworks. To this aim 139 healthy young individuals completed an esthetic judgment of Arcimboldo’s ambiguous artworks, which were preceded by a local or global prime. Their perceptual style was also assessed using a Navon task. We found that local prime significantly enhanced esthetic appreciation of ambiguous portraits. Also, we found that prime level interacted with individual’s perceptual style: participants showing local perceptual style liked less ambiguous portraits when they were preceded by global prime. Overall, the present findings shed some light on the processes involved in esthetic experience, pointing towards a pivotal role of re-direction of attention towards perceptual features of the artworks and its interaction with individual factors, such as perceptual style.

BAĞLAMA ÇALGISINDA NOTA-İCRA FARKLILIKLARINA SEBEP OLAN ETKENLER

Bağlama, çok eski bir geçmişe sahip olmakla birlikte geçmişten günümüze çeşitli değişimlere uğrayarak gelişimini sürdürmüştür. Bu süre zarfında, bağlama icrası da şekillenmiştir. Günümüzde ise bağlamada çeşitli icra şekillerine rastlanmaktadır. Bağlamadaki bu icra çeşitliliğinin birçok açıdan problemlere yol açtığı görülmektedir. Araştırmada, bağlama icrasındaki nota-icra farklılıklarına sebep olan etkenlerin tespitine yönelik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Araştırma durum tespiti yapmaya yönelik olup betimsel bir özellik sergilemektedir. Araştırmada, yazılı ve dijital kaynak taraması ve içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak bağlama icrasındaki nota-icra farklılıklarının; yöresel üslup ve tavır özellikleri, usta icracılar tarafından geliştirilen yeni icra teknikleri, bağlama icrası öğrenimindeki/öğretimindeki usta-çırak ilişkisi, bağlama icrasına yönelik müzik eğitimi verilen kurum veya kuruluşlarda ortak metodolojik yöntemlerin kullanılmaması vb. gibi etkenlerden kaynaklandığı tespit edilmiş ve bu tespitlerden hareketle bağlama çalgısında nota-icra farklılıklarının giderilmesine yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.