Local Sports Research Articles

ACL Research Retreat IX March 17–19, 2022 High Point, NC

ACL Research Retreat IX March 17–19, 2022 High Point, NC

Impact Of The Covid Pandemic On Acute Knee Injuries And Insurance Access To Health Care In High School Athletes

Purpose: Several studies of professional sports showed increased incidence of injury following the COVID pandemic shutdowns. It is unclear if high school athletes were at similar risk of injury. Knee injuries are among the most common type of injury experienced by athletes. Due to their common nature and season-ending potential, it is important to understand the impact of COVID on these injuries. This study investigated the number of acute knee injuries as well as primary insurance of patients seen in a sports medicine clinic as a monthly trend before, during and after COVID in high school athletes. The purpose was to inform need for surgical resources for these injuries, and gauge access to healthcare during pandemic times. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of patients aged 14-19 who visited a sports medicine clinic from 7/2017-6/2021 with an acute knee injury. 7/01/2017-2/2020 was defined as “Pre COVID”. 3/2020-7/2020 was defined as “During COVID”. Because many local sports resumed in Fall 2020, 8/2020-6/2021 was defined as “Post COVID”. All ICD10 codes including “ACL, MCL, LCL, PCL, meniscus” were included as acute knee injuries. T-tests were used to compare mean injuries per month in the “Pre COVID” timeframe to “During COVID” and “Post COVID”. A chi-square test was used to evaluate any difference in types of insurance in Pre, During, and Post-COVID. Results: 279 patients were identified who fit the criteria. Mean number of knee injuries evaluated in clinic per month during “Pre COVID” was 6.45 (SD = 3.4). In “During COVID”, the mean number of injuries was 1.6 (SD = 0.89), which was significantly lower than the “Pre COVID” (p = 0.004). In “Post COVID” the mean number of knee injuries returned to baseline at 6.45. There was no difference between the proportion of patients seen in clinic with commercial insurance vs government/Medicaid insurance during the Pre-COVID, During COVID, or Post-COVID time periods (p = 0.89). Conclusions: There was a statistically significant decrease in the number of acute knee injuries seen during the COVID pandemic. After high school sports resumed in August 2020, the number of acute knee injuries returned to the pre-COVID mean without increasing past pre-pandemic levels.

S05-2 Tenth anniversary of ‘moment! - motor learning and mental training for people with a beginning dementia'

Currently 1.7 million people in Germany are living with dementia and two out of three such persons are nursed at home. Considering this challenging situation, we started in 2010 the project “moment! - motor learning and mental training for people with an incipient dementia”. Our aim was to develop a special qualification for people who are interested in conducting physical exercise groups for persons suffering from dementia. It has been scientifically proven that physical exercises show a positive impact on people with dementia: Training in groups is motivating and influences the emotional state in a positive way. Furthermore, social contacts are supported and maintained and prevent from social isolation. Therefore, a higher life fulfillment can be increased temporarily, and self-confidence is growing as well. Socio political goals are the integration of affected persons into existing social structures like sports associations, the raise of public awareness for dementia, and to strengthen the possibilities of integrating people suffering from dementia into regular social life. All scientific analysis proves that motion has a positive impact on the process of dementia and is a successful prophylactic and therapeutic support of the common medical treatment.The project includes a qualification for multipliers such as care assistants, trainers in local sport associations, nursing staff and volunteers in care organisations in order to support people suffering from dementia. This training consists of five days (and a total of 40 learning units) and is offered as an attendance seminar. During the course the participants will be trained in basic knowledge and clinical pictures of dementia, above all they receive many ideas for practical motor and mental exercises. Additionally, all participants receive a workbook and a music CD for the rhythm and dance lessons. Within the last 10 years we have qualified about 440 people in 27 trainings. Many “moment!” training-groups have been built - most of them in nursing homes and a few in cooperation with a local sports club.

P01-12 The Netherlands united by sport: implementtion and monitoring of the national sports agreement in 2019

Issue/problemThe favorable international position of the Netherlands in terms of sport an physical activity is no reason for those involved in policy to lean back. The motor skills of our children are decreasing, some population groups never engage in sports, respectful behavior in sports needs our attention and the traditional sports clubs are under pressure due to declining numbers of members and volunteers. To tackle these issues, for the first time in history, the Netherlands have a National Sports Agreement (NSA) involving a numerous set of stakeholders besides the national government.Description of the problemThrough the NSA, we want to make sport enjoyable for everyone. Now and in the future, without any restrictions and in a safe and healthy environment. The sports infrastructure will be strengthened at every level: locally, regionally and nationally. Policy makers want to involve communities of practice and knowledge from monitoring and science in order to be able to adjust policy on the short term and create a ‘self-learning' policy process.ResultsLocal and regional stakeholders were invited to strengthen and start collaboration and compose local and regional sports agreements in line with the NSA which has six main ambitions: inclusive sport, sustainable sports facilities, vital providers, positive sports culture, enjoying exercise from an early age and elite sport inspires. As registered on 08-11-2019, 339 out of the 355 municipalities in the Netherlands have started work on a local sports agreement. Thirty nine local agreements were already in place covering 45 municipalities. From the national level, vouchers are made available for local stakeholders to facilitate implementation of particular interventions within a certain ambition on the local level. A consortium of national knowledge institutes provided local policy makers with training sessions facilitating them to incorporate local data, facts and figures in the local sports agreements. Twice a year, National Parliament is informed about the efforts taken and results obtained. On a continuous basis, for every ambition, a set of indicators is disseminated through the website www.sportenbewegenincijfers.nl

S04-2 More than a club' - experiences gained by piloting the Sport Clubs for Health approach in Hungary

Issue/problemAccording to the latest Eurobarometer, only 5% of the active population in Hungary are sport club members. The “Sport Clubs for Health” (SCforH) approach was developed to help unlock the health potential of sports clubs and increase the offer of recreational sport programmes. The SCforH guidelines have been recognized in 2013 by the EU, as one of the indicators of the Council recommendations on promoting HEPA across sectors.Description of the problemThe Hungarian Ministry of Human Capacities has recognized the need to support the implementation of SCforH approach, and decided to finance the “More than a club” pilot project. This project aimed to develop complex services that enable local and regional sports clubs to build their capacities and provide regular, health-focused physical activities supervised by sport professionals. Within the project, we tested and analysed what kind of organizational and service development measures are needed to be able to provide more health-focused programmes to the population, within sports clubs.Results (effects/changes)We managed to recruit 190 participants (drop-out rate = 12.7%) and involve them for at least one year into the following sport activities in a multisport environment: table tennis; zumba; Nordic walking; cycling; gymnastics; spine training and breathing technics; and ‘father-son' football. The programme is ongoing, and participants are monitored regularly in relation with their health-status and attitude towards physical activities. The adherence to the programme is 87.3%.LessonsThis project showed this type of a SCforH intervention may be feasible for implementation at a larger scale in multisport clubs. The further aim of the project is to prepare and test the Hungarian model of health-oriented sports clubs, by the end of April 2021. Based on the lessons learned from this pilot project, a long-term goal is to implement this kind of a SCforH intervention in several large Hungarian sports organizations and contribute to improving health at the population level.Main messagesThe implementation of SCforH guidelines can be realized in a gradual manner with dedicated leadership. Top-sport oriented clubs possess the capacity to implement the SCforH approach, but incentives and training are needed to facilitate the implementation.

S07-4 Sporting programs aimed at inactive population groups in the Netherlands: factors influencing their long-term sustainability in the organized sports setting

BackgroundThe organized sports sector has received increased interest as a setting to stimulate physical activity among inactive target groups. To include many inactive people and to obtain population health benefits, it is important that effective sporting programs are sustained (i.e. continuation of program activities) over a long period of time. This study identified the factors influencing the long-term sustainability of these kind of sporting programs located within local sports clubs in the Netherlands.MethodsFourteen Dutch sporting programs aimed at increasing physical activity levels of inactive population groups and funded within the National Action Plan for Sport and Exercise (NAPSE) were the focus of this study. The programs were developed by ten Dutch National Sports Federations (NSFs) and implemented by different sports clubs in the Netherlands within a three-year funded implementation period (2008-2011). This research consisted of semi-structured face-to-face interviews with the program coordinators of the NSFs (n = 14) and semi-structured telephone interviews with representatives of sports clubs that provided the programs (n = 17 continued the program, n = 11 discontinued the program) six and a half years after the funding period ended (November 2017-March 2018). A sustainability framework with five pre-specified main themes (i.e. program design, implementation, trainer/coach, organizational setting, broader community environment) guided data collection and (deductive) thematic analysis.ResultsTen of the fourteen NAPSE funded sporting programs were sustained at the level of the NSFs. Most factors facilitating (+) and impeding (-) the long-term sustainability of the programs were common to both NSFs and sports clubs, like program adaptation (+) and a lack of program financing (-). Program evaluation (+) and high program costs (-) were specific factors mentioned by NSFs, while factors related to human resources (e.g. lack of volunteers (-)) or the sports club nature (e.g. social aspect in program design (+)) applied to sports clubs. The factors were summarized in the form of a checklist.ConclusionsKey factors influencing the long-term sustainability of the sporting programs were identified. The results can be used to develop strategies to promote long-term sustainability of these kind of programs and inform funding guidelines in countries with a similar organized sports infrastructure.

P02-05 Our healthy community - development of a new model for health promotion and disease prevention in Danish municipalities

BackgroundThe Danish health care system is facing major challenges as the prevalence of chronic diseases increases. There is a need for new approaches and strategies to prevent chronic disease and promote health and well-being among citizens. The aim is to describe the development of a new model for coordinated, integrated and evidence-based health promotion and disease prevention in Danish municipalities. The model builds on the supersetting approach, intersectoral collaboration and community engagement and applies a broad bio-psychosocial concept of health.MethodsTwo Danish municipalities were included in the initial development and testing of the model from 2019 to 2021. This involved the following steps in each municipality: 1) Analyzing the health status, lifestyles and socio-economy at municipality level. 2) Mobilizing lead municipal administrators and politicians for intersectoral action including jointly defining thematic focus areas and target populations. 3) Mapping community-based stakeholders, physical environments and existing evidence to qualify relevant action 4) Mobilizing professional stakeholders from the public, private and civic sectors for co-creation of intervention ideas and joint action. 5) Co-creating and implementing interventions together with professional stakeholders and citizens.ResultsThe strategic model and results from the development process will be presented from one of the involved municipalities: The municipal administration chose physical activity and well-being among children and young people as their key focus area. Community-based stakeholders from non-profit organizations and public institutions, including sports clubs, leisure clubs, primary schools, and public departments jointly developed and implemented specific interventions. One specific intervention aimed to engage more children in local clubs. Coaches from three local sport clubs introduced 1st and 4th grade students at two schools to their sport (a course of eight times) during students' time in their local after-school club. Overall, the process fostered broad engagement of stakeholders from the public sector, the private sector, and civil society.ConclusionThe model developed in Our Healthy Community builds on contextual analyses, dialogues, workshops, and co-creation processes with a wide range of stakeholders to promote local relevance, integration and sustainability of developed actions and interventions. The model will be pilot tested in two other Danish municipalities (2022-2025)

S04 Sports Club for Health (SCforH) approach: evidence on importance and examples of implementation activities

There are more than 60 million sports club members in the EU, which makes sports clubs an organizational settings with a huge potential for health promotion. The Sports Club for Health (SCforH) initiative started in 2008, to assist sports clubs in promoting health-enhancing physical activity. In support of this endeavour, SCforH guidelines were issued in 2011 and updated in 2017. The SCforH initiative has been supported by three large European Union grants and included partner organisations from 18 countries. In 2013, the Council of the European Union proposed the national implementation of SCforH guidelines as one of the 23 indicators for evaluation of HEPA levels and policies in the European Union member states. Recently, the European Commission recognised the SCforH initiative as a ‘success story' and an example of good practice. The aim of this symposium is to summarize recent evidence relevant to the promotion of health-enhancing physical activity through sports clubs in the EU and to discuss about future directions and challenges for EU public health efforts in this area. The symposium will include five 10-minute presentations on: [i] the findings of an updated systematic review on health benefits of different sport disciplines; [ii] Hungarian implementation of a SCforH intervention; [iii] the effectiveness of a coordinated action between the healthcare sector and local sports clubs to promote physical activity; [iv]; tracking participants in Jackpot.fit program?an Austrian sport promotion initiative; and [v] the development of a SCforH online learning tool. The symposium program will also include: Introduction by Chair (5 minutes), 25 minutes of Q&A, and conclusion by Discussant (10 minutes).Discussant: Prof Nanette Mutrie, Moray House School of Education and Sport, ISPEHS research cluster, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom - nanette.mutrie@ed.ac.uk

S04-3 The effectiveness of a coordinated action between the healthcare sector and local sports clubs to promote physical activity: an intervention trial

Abstract Background Joining forces through collaboration between the health- and sports-sector led to the project Jackpot.fit, which aimed at increasing physical activity (PA) among inactive adults in Styria (a state of Austria). The main objective was to assess the short- and long-term effectiveness of a mixed PA intervention, consisting of counselling in a health care setting combined with a standardised sports club programme, on PA in an adult population. Methods In a quasi-experimental study with two follow-up time points (4 and 12 months after baseline), participants from eight regions were allocated to the intervention group (IG) and participants from three other regions to the comparison group (CG). Half of the study participants were women and the mean participants' age was 53 (SD ± 6) years. During the health resort stay, the IG received PA counselling and coupons for 12 complimentary, standardised training sessions in a sports club near the participants' home. Participants of the CG received identical PA counselling, but written material only. PA was measured with an accelerometer (GENEActive). Linear mixed-effects models were applied to examine changes of PA within and between groups over time. Results From 217 participants (IG = 167; CG = 50) at least one follow-up measurement was available. IG data showed a significant increase in moderate-intensity PA from baseline (101 min/week) to 4 months (+58 min; 95% CI = 36 to 80) and 12 months (+24 min; 95% CI = 2 to 46) whereas there was no significant change in CG. Between-group comparisons revealed a significant difference after 4 but not after 12 months. Conclusions The study confirms the feasibility of coordinated actions between health care institutions and sport clubs to recruit people into a standardized PA programme. In addition, those who participated in the sports club programme increased their PA in a long term.

O6-7 Community sport coach's potential to enhance health

In 2008 Community sport coaches (CSC) were introduced in the Netherlands as a policy instrument to motivate inhabitants to become physically active, by connecting the sport sector with other sectors (e.g. health, education). Almost 6000 CSC are currently active throughout 98% of Dutch municipalities. We used Jolley's model to examine the use of CSC as a complex local sport policy instrument for health enhancement (Jolley, 2014; Van Lindert et al., 2017). The question we aimed to answer was: To which extent is the CSC program used for health enhancement? We will share the impact of this policy program in the Netherlands and discuss the relevance and implications for other countries.In 2019, we conducted an online questionnaire to examine the health incentives and outcomes (e.g. sectors, target groups, goals) of local CSC programmes among all municipalities implementing CSC (n = 347). We also surveyed our CSC (n = 100) and CSC employers (n = 27) panels about their work on health enhancement.Findings show that health enhancement is not often an explicit goal of CSC programmes. No national goals of the program address health explicitly and only 27% of municipal goals for CSC are focused on health. Nevertheless, the governmental health department and/or local health parties are often (82%) involved in CSC policy decision making (e.g. by paying part of the finances and/or by employing CSC). This results in a contribution to health enhancement of almost all (98%) local CSC programmes. Findings show that CSC connect the sport sector with the health sector in 96% of the municipalities, coaches/employers have often collaborated with health organisations last year (respectively 81% and 100%) and/or CSC work with inactive and/or overweighed inhabitants (69%)).CSC are responsible for motivating people to become physically active, and logically this has an impact on health. Despite the lack of explicit goals, local CSC programmes are intertwined with health incentives and outcomes. But often the exact effects on health are unknown. More explicit and specific health goals may increase the impact of sport policy on health enhancement. Facilitators and barriers relevant to further national and international implementation of CSC programmes will be discussed.

O2-3 Feasibility of the Move for Life intervention to help inactive adults 50 years and over increase their physical activity

BackgroundSubstantial evidence shows that meeting physical activity guidelines is important for disease prevention, promoting physical and mental health and quality of life. In Ireland, only 38% of older adults are sufficiently active to meet the guidelines. The primary aim of this research was to conduct a feasibility study of the Move for Life intervention to reach and help inactive adults 50+ increase their physical activity.MethodsMove for Life is a feasibility cluster randomised control trial where the Local Sports Partnerships hubs are the units of randomisation and individuals within the hubs are the units of analysis. The intervention augments regular programme content with behavioural skills, social support and group cohesion strategies, and includes a peer-mentoring component. Over seven hundred (N = 733) participants registered to become part of the intervention. Most (98%, n = 724) completed baseline measures. Participants were asked to complete self-report process evaluation questionnaires immediately after and 12 weeks after their programme had finished. Interviews were conducted with participants, physical activity instructors and peer mentors. Questionnaire responses across groups were compared with tests of statistical significance. Qualitative data complemented and assisted with interpretation of quantitative findings.ResultsA total of 601 participants met eligibility criteria (average age 63.06 years, range 50-91, 80.4% female). The study retention rate was 63%. Reported compliance rate with intervention strategies was over 75%. The intervention group were more likely to enjoy the programme than usual provision. Intervention participants were more likely to report the programme as interesting and worth the time they invested in it, and to recommend it to a friend than usual provision. They were also more likely to report enjoying learning about different strategies to keep physically active (ORs ranging from 2.56 to 3.76). At 3-month follow up, the intervention group were more likely to be aware of their Local Sports Partnership opportunities and to have contacted their Local Sports Partnership more frequently in comparison to usual provision (all p >.05).ConclusionsMove for Life is a realistic and promising augmentation to existing physical activity programmes for older adults with potential for adoption and scalability following completion of a full trial.

Developing collaborative local sport policies through major sport events: the case of the 2018 Ryder Cup

ABSTRACT Purpose/Rationale This article reflects upon the growing use of major sport events as a way to bring about new forms of collaborations between sports actors and local governments. It seeks to determine the extent to which these collaborations can produce sustainable local sports policies. Design/Methodology/Approach This work is based on a case study of the collaboration between the French Golf Federation and the Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines community for the hosting of the 2018 Ryder Cup. It draws on a qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews conducted with leaders from both organizations. Findings This work shows how an event-based relationship is a double-sided opportunity, as it serves to align interests in the short run but fails to drive local sport development in the longer run. Research contribution The paper adds new perspectives for the analysis of sport events’ legacy by studying a collaborative governance process for the implementation of a local sport policy. It also questions it through the collaboration between sports federations and local authorities. Practical implications Several issues identified in the results are discussed in order to envision ways to put major sport events at the service of host territories and question the utility of event-based local sport policies.

Sport or Spectacle? The Harlem Globetrotters’ 1955 Visit to Israel

The Harlem Globetrotters basketball team visited Israel as part of its 1955 world tour. As representatives of American culture, the US team challenged the leaders of Israeli sports culture who sought to maintain a tight alignment between local sports, Zionist values, and political interests. This paper uses Debord's society of the spectacle theory to analyse the public criticism of the Globetrotters’ visit to Israel. The analysis finds that the critique, which extended beyond strictly sports criticism, reveals the zeitgeist of Israel’s first decade of independence and its prevalent attitudes toward body culture norms, and illuminates the role assigned to sport in Israeli ethos.

The effect of 5 years of team sport on elderly males' health and social capital-An interdisciplinary follow-up study.

Background and AimsFloorball training induces positive effects on health among untrained older adults. However, the effect of long‐term participation (>2 years) in floorball training among elderly males has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 5 years of floorball training on risk factors for lifestyle diseases, fitness, physical function, and social capital of elderly males and compare to a control group that continued their usual lifestyle.MethodsTwenty‐nine recreationally active elderly men aged 75.1 ± 3.3 (mean ± SD; range: 69–81) years with a height, body mass, and body mass index of 1.78 ± 0.06 m, 79.8 ± 10.9 kg, and 25.8 ± 4.1 kg/m2, respectively, volunteered to take part in follow‐up investigations about 5 years after participating in a study on the effect of 12 weeks of floorball or petanque training. At the end of the parental study 15 subjects chose to participate in floorball training (floorball group [FG]) whereas 14 subjects (control group [CG]), resumed their usual lifestyle. FG participated in small‐sided floorball training 1 h ~1.75 times/week for 5 years in a local sports club.ResultsFrom baseline to 5 years, FG had reduced fat percentage, android, and visceral fat, increased total and leg bone mineral density, leg extension maximal voluntary contraction, maximal walk distance in 6 min and 30 s sit‐to‐stand repetitions, decreased time for 5 sit‐to‐stand repetitions and Timed Up and Go (p < 0.05). These changes were all different from less favorable changes in CG (p < 0.05). In FG there was a decline in maximum oxygen uptake which was smaller than the decline in CG (p < 0.05). In addition, FG had developed social capital through the 5 years strengthening their social connectedness and group cohesion.ConclusionIn conclusion, both from a sociological and physiological perspective, small‐sided floorball training can be considered a health‐promoting activity for older men.

World Federation of Athletic Training and Therapy World Congress 2022 Peer-Reviewed Track Abstracts, May 5–7, 2022, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

World Federation of Athletic Training and Therapy World Congress 2022 Peer-Reviewed Track Abstracts, May 5–7, 2022, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

2000년대 이후 중국 대중 태권도 발전 실태에 관한 연구

After 50 years of development, Abstract: Taekwondo has evolved from a local sport to an official Olympic competitive item, and popular taekwondo is also deeply loved and welcomed by young people and professionals. Taekwondo has gradually become one of the most successful sports industries in the Chinese fitness market, as well as an individual sports industry that has so far relied entirely on market forces to drive it. By referring to academic papers related to taekwondo in China and Korea, sports journals, Chinese taekwondo and other related literature contents, this paper analyzes the current situation of popular taekwondo under the conditions of sports industry and market economy, using research methods such as data collection and logical analysis. Further, this paper points out the restrictive factors and weak points of the development of Chinese popular taekwondo. This paper discusses the existing problems of Chinese popular taekwondo, and puts forward suggestions and directions on how to apply modern marketing theory to the healthy and sound development of popular taekwondo.

Healthy and sustainable development of sports economy based on artificial intelligence and mental model

In recent years, sports have achieved rapid development worldwide, and the global economy has been significantly improved and improved. With the in-depth development of the two, the connection between sports and the economy has also become closer. Sports economy is a new type of economic form bred by specialization of sports organization, participation in consumerization, and profit-oriented operation under the condition of market economy. And the development of sports economy cannot be developed at once; it needs healthy and sustainable development. In order to find a better way to study the healthy and sustainable development of sports economy, this paper uses deep learning network algorithm and supports vector machine learning algorithm to build a mental model. It then uses the model to analyze various indicators of the sports industry in a province in China. This article is looking for information and summarizes the province’s sports data from 2017 to 2021. The sports indicators of this experiment include regional GDP, total output of sports industry, sports practitioners, local financial sports expenditures, the number of policies, the number of people participating in physical exercise, and fitness venues and facilities. The realization results show that these variables develop at a relatively small rate under normal conditions, and then predict the data in the next few years under the healthy and sustainable development of the next few years through the mental model. The growth rates of various indicators of the sports economy have increased significantly, and they have been optimized by about 20% compared with the normal development.

Scapular force: Couple ratios in healthy shoulders – An observational study reflecting typical values

BackgroundScapular stability is primarily maintained through the action of the scapular stabilisers and not through bony stability. The values of the force couple ratios of the scapular stabilisers remain largely unknown.ObjectivesTo determine typical scapular force couple strength ratios in the pain-free shoulders of healthy female and male participants.MethodsThis was a quantitative cross-sectional study. The muscle strength of the serratus anterior upper and lower fibres, the upper, middle and lower trapezius and the rhomboids (in both shoulders) were determined in kilogram force (kgf) using a handheld dynamometer. The ratios of the force couples of the scapulae of both shoulders of the participants were calculated. Participants (both female and male) with healthy shoulders were recruited from the general public (a local university, schools, church groups and sport clubs). We mainly utilised descriptive analysis. Statistical significance was set at 5%.ResultsForce couple ratios were as follows (means, with SD). Dominant arm in women: upper trapezius:lower trapezius 3.63 (0.97); serratus anterior lower fibres:lower trapezius = 1.97 (0.27); middle trapezius:serratus anterior upper fibres = 0.40 (0.10); serratus anterior lower fibres:rhomboids = 1.41 (0.21); lower trapezius:rhomboids = 0.74 (0.17). Dominant arm in men: upper trapezius:lower trapezius = 2.70 (0.72); serratus anterior lower fibres:lower trapezius = 2.15 (0.45); middle trapezius:serratus anterior upper fibres = 0.47 (0.12); serratus anterior lower fibres:rhomboids = 1.40 (0.31) and lower trapezius:rhomboids = 0.17 (0.6).ConclusionSpecific force couple strength ratios were determined, between and within the nondominant and the dominant arms of the shoulders of healthy women and men.Clinical implicationsScapular stability is mainly maintained through the optimal force couple balance of the scapular stabilisers.

Can sports events contribute to public policy development strategies?

ABSTRACT Purpose Sports events are a fundamental strategic tool for the development of sports policies and can influence the social and economic dynamics of territories. This study analyses the perceptions of the local community on the social and economic impact of a set of sports events integrated into a local government-promoted sports policy intervention. Design/methodology/approach We applied a questionnaire to a sample of 157 residents in the host city for the sports events held under the auspices of the European City of Sport 2018 (Braga, Portugal). Findings The results demonstrate how the city’s residents perceive the event generated positive impacts on that region in different dimensions, specifically in terms of the city's image and social benefits. Residents also expressed satisfaction with the sports policies pursued by the municipality. Practical implications Sport events are crucial to the social and economic dynamics of regions and can underpin the development of sports policies. This study identifies relevant factors for decision making on future local community sports events. Research Contribution Our study helps managers and politicians seeking to develop a more efficient structuring of their strategies to maximise the positive impacts that sports events can generate in various territorial contexts.

RESEARCH ON THE TRAINING MODE OF PRODUCTION EDUCATION COMBINATION OF SPORTS APPLIED TALENTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EMOTION REGULATION

BackgroundHealth refers to one's complete physical and psychological state and social adaptability, not physical obstacles. Physical and mental health refers to having a healthy body and a happy state of mind. Relevant studies have proved that there is a very close relationship between human physiology and psychology. Some physiological changes or diseases will have a significant impact on people's psychological activities. The psychological state has an important influence on people's health. This paper establishes the “overall health view” centered on “sports to promote physical and mental health”, so as to comprehensively promote the physical health of the masses. Therefore, it is necessary to realize the combination of production and education, cultivate applied talents related to sports, promote physical and mental health, and check the impact of this training mode on emotional regulation.Subjects and MethodsFrom the perspective of sports promoting physical and mental health, starting from the cultivation of sports application-oriented talents. Under the requirements of sports service-oriented physical and mental health talents, according to the function of colleges and universities to provide services for the society, combined with the interactive mode of foreign colleges and universities and local economic development, this paper puts forward the University oriented talent training mode of industry university research cooperation, so as to solve the bottleneck problem that the supply and demand sides of sports train physical and mental health application-oriented talents in terms of structure, quality and level. Through the correlation analysis of production and education mode, the data results show that through the investigation of the impact of emotional behavior, there is a significant positive correlation between psychological expectation and emotional regulation ability (P < 0.01), and there is a significant correlation between production and education mode, emotional coping, psychological elasticity and anxiety relevant. It has a significant positive correlation with anxiety, a significant positive correlation with emotion oriented coping, and a significant negative correlation with psychological elasticity; There was a significant negative correlation between emotional coping and psychological resilience; There was a significant negative correlation between psychological elasticity and anxiety.ResultsIt is proposed that building the combination of industry and education and cultivating sports application-oriented talents can lay a solid foundation for people's physical and mental health. 1. “Wisconsin” - University oriented training path: University oriented, providing local people with intellectual and technical support for using sports to promote physical and mental health; 2. “Silicon Valley” - the cultivation path of the combination of industry, University and research: the combination of industry, University and research is formed. Universities and local economies promote each other to achieve mutual benefit and win-win results; 3. “Interactive University” - the cultivation path of symbiosis between colleges and local economy: clarify the idea of “serving local sports” in Colleges and universities. Make use of the human resources, intellectual support and scientific research achievements of sports to promote physical and mental health, so as to provide guarantee for the local realization of zero distance graduation and employment.ConclusionThe combination of production, study and research of sports applied talents can not only advocate national fitness, enhance physical and mental health in the 21st century, form a healthy and civilized lifestyle, guide human resources with scientific fitness and heart health, meet the diversified sports needs of the masses, improve the training mechanism of sports service talents in Colleges and universities, and improve the demand-oriented training mode of sports talents, Comprehensively improve the quality of human resources on how to use sports to promote physical and mental health, and better serve the society. In short, we should carry out relevant combination of industry and education according to our own advantages and characteristics. Make clear the goal of motivation by example, and regularly hold activities such as successful model sharing, experience introduction and project display, so as to set a successful example for positive emotions, clarify the specific objectives of the activities, form a strong psychological momentum, stimulate internal potential and help the realization of positive behavior. We should strengthen professional guidance, give full play to the concentration of professionals, high intelligence, professional knowledge in business fields, and give full play to the advantages of talents and intelligence. We can organize experts and scholars to establish a professional bid winning guidance team, give full play to the business projects of experts and scholars in their respective fields, and carry out scientific research on relevant projects.AcknowledgementsSupported by a project grant from department of education of Jilin province (Grant No.JJKH20190527SK).