Local Reservoir Research Articles

Assessing socio-economic drought evolution characteristics and their possible meteorological driving force

Droughts are among the most damaging environmental disasters that may have destructive damages on societal properties and lives. Generally, socio-economic drought occurs when water resources systems could not fulfil the water demand. Additionally, it is not to be overlooked the role of local reservoirs in modifying uneven distribution of water and coping with climatic extremes. This study examined the evolution characteristics of the socio-economic droughts via applying a Multivariate Standardized Reliability and Resilience Index (MSRRI). Furthermore, the influences of anomalous atmospheric circulation on the socio-economic droughts were explored through adopting the cross wavelet analysis to investigate the meteorological driving force behind the socio-economic droughts. Results mainly indicated that (1) the MSRRI has proven to be effective in evaluating socio-economic droughts for its integration of inflow-demand reliability and water storage resilience indexes; (2) the MSRRI series in Datong River Basin (DRB) has a non-significant increasing trend at annual scale with apparent periods (17 and 22 years) and (3) the comprehensive effects of ENSO, EASM and PNA contribute to the socio-economic drought variations, and the ENSO has strongest impacts than others. The findings in this study benefit local socioeconomic drought mitigation and water resources planning and management.

Reservoir controlling factors of the Paleogene Oligocene Huagang Formation in the north central part of the Xihu Depression, East China Sea Basin, China

Huagang Formation is a typical offshore, deep, low-permeability, tight sandstone reservoir with a low level of exploration and development and unclear control factors in the North Central area of the Xihu Depression in the East China Sea Basin. In this paper, we begin with the analysis of basic data, such as cores, casting thin sections, cathode luminescence, scanning electron microscopy, physical property statistics, grain size analysis, mercury penetration and magnetic resonance imaging, combined with field logging data from conventional logging, imaging logging and three-dimensional seismic imagery. The reservoir's physical properties were comprehensively discussed in terms of provenance, deposition, diagenesis and fractures. The results showed that the reservoir physical properties of the Huagang Formation were mainly affected by compaction, and the porosity and permeability decreased with the depth of burial. When the depth exceeds 4000 m, the porosity is basically <10% and the permeability is nearly <1 mD. The compaction above 4000 m was mainly controlled by provenance and depositional microfacies. The reservoir physical properties in the northern provenance is better than that of the east provenance. A high-energy braided channel is the best physical depositional microfacies. The reservoir formed by event sedimentation, such as from storms and floods, due to poor sorting, often containing mud and so on, with poor physical properties. Carbonate cementation only had a great influence on the local reservoir. Illite, illite/smectite and pore-filling chlorite were important factors affecting physical property deterioration. Pore-lining chlorite can promote the retention of primary pores. Below 4000 m, favorable reservoirs were mainly controlled by dissolution, resulting in dissolution pores being the main reservoir space. Microfractures played an important role in the properties of low-permeability and tight reservoirs. Microfractures themselves were easily dissolved into dissolution pores while being an important seepage channel for low-permeability and tight reservoirs. The denser the reservoir is, the more important the microfracture seepage is.

Mode conversion noise attenuation, modelling and removal: case studies from Cyprus and Egypt

The wavefront from a source that strikes an acoustic impedance contrast separates into four variables: transmitted and reflected compressional waves (P-wave) and transmitted and reflected shear waves (S-wave). Converted waves are those whose mode changes at the interface and can be recorded in a marine environment in the presence of large velocity contrasts. The difference in acoustic velocities at the boundary means that in high contrast media the distinction between compressional and shear velocities across the boundary is small; shear waves are not as refracted as compressional waves and can be recorded as partially converted reflected energy. The eastern Mediterranean contains two major sedimentary basins, the Levantine and Herodotus (see Figure 1). They have shared depositional regimes and therefore contain similar sedimentary sequences. The Levantine Basin sits offshore Cyprus, Israel, Palestine and Lebanon, and was formed by prolonged phased rifting, with subsequent subsidence and loading by deltaic sediments (Gradmann et al., 2005; Gardosh and Druckman, 2006). It forms a northeast-oriented depression about 2 km deep and contains more than 14 km of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequences that include up to 2 km of Messinian salt (Druckman et al., 1995; Ben-Avraham et al., 2002; Netzeband et al., 2006). The local reservoirs include both Cretaceous and Jurassic sandstones and limestones, with older potential reservoirs in the Triassic sandstones. Shales and marls of Paleogene, Neogene, Cretaceous and Jurassic, along with Messinian salt and Triassic evaporites all form local seals (Roberts and Peace, 2007) in plays of a both stratigraphic and structural nature. The Herodotus Basin is a northeast trending 3 km deep depression, and represents a slab of the Early Mesozoic Neo-Tethys Ocean (see Figures 1 and 2). The basin is bounded on the north by the Mediterranean Ridge; on the northeast by the west portion of the Cyprus Arc and on the south by the Nile Delta cone. The Eratosthenes Seamount (ESM), a fragment of continental crust (Robertson, 1998), forms the eastern limit of the Herodotus Basin, and additionally delineates the boundary between the cone of the Nile Delta, the Herodotus Basin, and the Levant Basin. The Herodotus Basin itself contains up to 7 km of Mesozoic–Cenozoic sediment (Voogd and Truffert, 1992; Garfunkel, 1998), and is overlain by up to 3 km of Messinian salt (Garfunkel, 1998; Aal et al., 2000; Loncke et al., 2006).

Biodegradation of crude oil by Halomonas elongata strain KWPA-12: a moderately halophilic strain detected in oil spills around Garo sulfidic springs, MIS Oilfield, Iran

The oil spills in the vicinity of the Garo sulfidic springs in Golgir region, MIS oilfield, Iran, were investigated for halotolerant/halophilic microorganisms capable of crude oil biodegradation. Screenings resulted in an isolate capable of growth on crude oil of the local Asmari reservoir in media containing 30–100 g/L NaCl at 28 °C. The isolate, designed as KWPA-12, was an aerobic, motile, oxidase and catalase positive, Gram-negative rod. It was shown that strain KWPA-12 can utilize crude oil as the carbon and sulfur sources with a significant efficiency. The Asmari crude oil biodegradation in 90 g/L NaCl containing media was investigated by turbidity measurement, GC-FID and TPH analyses. The results showed that the aliphatic hydrocarbons including: small C11–C12 and long chains: C31–C33, are mostly favored by strain KWPA-12. Anthracene: a tri-ring and one of the most dominant poly-aromatic compounds of Asmari crude oil, was reduced down to about 1.1% of the starting moiety. Phylogenetic investigations performed on the partial 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the strain belongs to the genus Halomonas and it fell into the Halomonas elongata clade.

Why is the environment important for decision making? Local reservoir model for choice-based learning.

Decision making based on behavioral and neural observations of living systems has been extensively studied in brain science, psychology, neuroeconomics, and other disciplines. Decision-making mechanisms have also been experimentally implemented in physical processes, such as single photons and chaotic lasers. The findings of these experiments suggest that there is a certain common basis in describing decision making, regardless of its physical realizations. In this study, we propose a local reservoir model to account for choice-based learning (CBL). CBL describes decision consistency as a phenomenon where making a certain decision increases the possibility of making that same decision again later. This phenomenon has been intensively investigated in neuroscience, psychology, and other related fields. Our proposed model is inspired by the viewpoint that a decision is affected by its local environment, which is referred to as a local reservoir. If the size of the local reservoir is large enough, consecutive decision making will not be affected by previous decisions, thus showing lower degrees of decision consistency in CBL. In contrast, if the size of the local reservoir decreases, a biased distribution occurs within it, which leads to higher degrees of decision consistency in CBL. In this study, an analytical approach for characterizing local reservoirs is presented, as well as several numerical demonstrations. Furthermore, a physical architecture for CBL based on single photons is discussed, and the effects of local reservoirs are numerically demonstrated. Decision consistency in human decision-making tasks and in recruiting empirical data is evaluated based on the local reservoir. This foundation based on a local reservoir offers further insights into the understanding and design of decision making.

How Fishy was the Inland Mesolithic? New Data from Friesack, Brandenburg, Germany

ABSTRACTRecent studies have shown that faunal assemblages from Mesolithic sites in inland Northern Europe contain more fish remains than previously thought, but the archaeological and archaeozoological record does not reveal the dietary importance of aquatic species to hunter-gatherer-fishers, even at a societal level. For example, the function of bone points, as hunting weapons or fishing equipment, has long been debated. Moreover, traditional methods provide no indication of variable subsistence practices within a population. For these reasons, paleodietary studies using stable isotope analyses of human remains have become routine. We present radiocarbon (14C) and stable isotope data from nine prehistoric human bones from the Early Mesolithic-Early Neolithic site of Friesack 4, and isotopic data for local terrestrial mammals (elk, red deer, roe deer, wild boar, aurochs, beaver) and freshwater fish (European eel, European perch). The reference data allow individual paleodiets to be reconstructed. Using paleodiet estimates of fish consumption, and modern values for local freshwater reservoir effects, we also calibrate human 14C ages taking into account dietary reservoir effects. Although the number of individuals is small, it is possible to infer a decline in the dietary importance of fish from the Preboreal to the Boreal Mesolithic, and an increase in aquatic resource consumption in the Early Neolithic.

Ni-Doped ZnS Nanospheres Decorated with Au Nanoparticles for Highly Improved Gas Sensor Performance.

Novel Ni-doped wurtzite ZnS nanospheres decorated with Au nanoparticles (Au NPs–ZnS NSs) have been successfully fabricated using a simple method involving vacuum evaporation followed by an annealing process. This transition metal-doped gas sensor had high responsivity, extremely fast response and recovery time, and excellent selectivity to formaldehyde at room temperature. The response and recovery time are only 29 s and 2 s, respectively. Since ZnS is transformed into ZnO at a high temperature, superior room temperature-sensing performance can improve the stability and service life of the sensor. The improvement in sensing performance could be attributed to the reduced charge-transfer distance resulting from the creation of a local charge reservoir layer, and the catalytic and spillover effect of Au nanoparticles. The rough and porous spherical structure can also facilitate the detection and diffusion of gases. The as-prepared Au NPs–ZnS NSs are considered to be an extremely promising candidate material for gas sensors, and are expected to have other potential applications in the future.

Variations in Dissolved Nitrate, Chloride, and Sulfate in Precipitation, Reservoir, and Tap Waters, Columbus, Ohio.

Urban potable waters can be very susceptible to human activities that can impact water quality and, hence, public health. Columbus, Ohio, is currently the 14th largest city in the United States with an estimated population of ~860,000. Much of the urban population receives its water supply from a series of reservoirs located north of the city proper. These reservoirs are fed by river systems that drain either large agricultural lands, or rapidly growing suburban areas, or both. The agricultural activities introduce dissolved nitrate, and increased usage of de-icing salts on roads and highways within the drainage area introduce chloride into the river/reservoir systems. High nitrate in drinking water poses a potential health risk, particularly to infants, while high chloride, applied as halite, in drinking water can aid in the development of cardiovascular disease. In this work, we present a 19-month time series measuring nitrate, chloride, and sulfate in local precipitation, reservoir and household tap waters in order to better understand the relationship of the hydrologic residence time on the tap water chemistry, as well as to evaluate the anion concentrations. The highest chloride tap water concentration, 6.9 mM, occurred in early February 2011, while increases in nitrate occurred in both early summer and the middle of winter. In general, the anion concentrations in the precipitation are all equal to or lower than the reservoir waters. Similarly, the tap water had concentrations of chloride and sulfate higher than reservoir water, while nitrate was similar to reservoir water. Tap water had higher fluoride and sulfate concentrations, suggesting that they are added during the treatment of the reservoir water prior to residential distribution. These data clearly demonstrate the importance of watershed lands on the quality of water in the human distribution system.

EFFECT OF FURADAN ON HAEMATOLOGY OF Channa punctatus (BLOCH) IN CULTURE MEDIUM UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

Haematological studies of Channa punctatus of local reservoirs in Siwan district within the present study includes the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and haematocrit value or packed cell volume of blood and subsequently absolute values of MCV, MCH and MCHC were also calculated by the respective formulae. The key effects of butachlor on blood parameters are concerned with total RBC count, their size and differential count of WBC. The importance of this study is worried with pesticide pollution of paddy field area and therefore the effect of butachlor on the hematological profile of the exotic carp, Channa punctatus.

Storage and weathering of landslide debris in the eastern San Gabriel Mountains, California, USA: Implications for mountain solute flux

AbstractThe weathering of silicate minerals in mountain landscapes provides a critical source of chemical solutes in the global biogeochemical cycles that sustain life on Earth. Observations from across Earth's surface indicate that the greatest flux of chemical solute is derived from rapidly eroding landscapes, where landsliding often limits the development of a continuous soil cover. In this study, we evaluate how weathering of landslide debris deposits may supplement the chemical solute flux from rapidly eroding, bedrock‐dominated landscapes. We present new measurements of depositional surface and soil morphology, soil geochemistry, and luminescence‐based depositional ages from debris stored in Cow Canyon, a tributary to the East Fork of the San Gabriel River in the eastern San Gabriel Mountains of California. Cow Canyon deposits include locally derived debris emplaced by dry colluvial and debris flow processes. Deposits have planar, low‐angle, sloping surfaces with soils exhibiting a greater degree of weathering than nearby soils formed on bedrock. A ~33–40 ka depositional age of Cow Canyon deposits exceeds the estimated recurrence time for the largest landslides in the San Gabriel Mountains, suggesting the stored landslide debris may be a persistent source of chemical solute in this landscape. To quantitatively explore the significance of landslide debris on the landscape solute flux, we predict the flux of chemical solute from bedrock and debris soils using a generic, time‐dependent model of soil mineral weathering. Our modeling illustrates that debris soils may be a primary source of chemical solute for a narrow range of conditions delimited by the initial landslide debris porosity and the comparative soil age. Broadly, we conclude that while landslide debris may be an important local reservoir of chemical solute, it is unlikely to dominate the long‐term solute flux from rapidly eroding, bedrock‐dominated landscapes. © 2018 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Uhlmann curvature in dissipative phase transitions

A novel approach based on the Uhlmann curvature is introduced for the investigation of non-equilibrium steady-state quantum phase transitions (NESS-QPTs). Equilibrium phase transitions fall invariably into two markedly non-overlapping categories: classical phase transitions and quantum phase transitions. NESS-QPTs offer a unique arena where such a distinction fades off. We propose a method to reveal and quantitatively assess the quantum character of such critical phenomena. We apply this tool to a paradigmatic class of lattice fermion systems with local reservoirs, characterised by Gaussian non-equilibrium steady states. The relations between the behaviour of the Uhlmann curvature, the divergence of the correlation length, the character of the criticality and the dissipative gap are demonstrated. We argue that this tool can shade light upon the nature of non equilibrium steady state criticality in particular with regard to the role played by quantum vs classical fluctuations.

Antibiotic Resistome Associated with Small-Scale Poultry Production in Rural Ecuador

Small-scale poultry farming is common in rural communities across the developing world. To examine the extent to which small-scale poultry farming serves as a reservoir for resistance determinants, the resistome of fecal samples was compared between production chickens that received antibiotics and free-ranging household chickens that received no antibiotics from a rural village in northern Ecuador. A qPCR array was used to quantify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) using 248 primer pairs; and the microbiome structure was analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A large number of ARGs (148) and MGEs (29) were detected. The ARG richness in production chickens was significantly higher than that of household chickens with an average of 15 more genes detected ( p < 0.01). Moreover, ARGs and MGEs were much more abundant in production chickens than in household chickens (up to a 157-fold difference). Production chicken samples had significantly lower taxonomic diversity and were more abundant in Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Flavobacteria. The high abundance and diversity of ARGs and MGEs found in small-scale poultry farming was comparable to the levels previously found in large scale animal production, suggesting that these chickens could act as a local reservoir for spreading ARGs into rural communities.

Effective electrochemical inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa and degradation of microcystins via a novel solid polymer electrolyte sandwich

The treatment of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) by electrolysis using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode with a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) was investigated. In order to examine the role of oxidizing agents, the electrolysis of M. aeruginosa was conducted in distilled deionised water (DIW) with and without sodium chloride aqueous electrolyte. Furthermore, to verify the system’s ability for freshwater treatment without the addition of chemicals, we also tested filtered local reservoir water. M. aeruginosa cell inactivation and microcystins degradation occurred in the DIW system without a supporting aqueous electrolyte, but cell inactivation occurred at slightly slower rate compared to when 30 mg/L Cl− was added. Even though these rates were even slower in the pre-filtered reservoir water, around 90% inactivation and toxin degradation was still observed after 30 min, and cells were not able to re-grow when subsequently exposed to optimum growth conditions. These results for the first time demonstrate the ability of the SPE system to efficiently treat contaminated freshwaters, even without the addition of chemicals or adjustment of electrical conductivity. Importantly, significant changes in cell morphology after electrolysis in different water matrices were observed. In the DIW with 30 mg/L Cl− test based on the significant differences in oxidants concentrations in the presence and absence of M. aeruginosa suggest that there was a synergistic effect of in situ electro-generated ozone and chlorine species in cell inactivation, however, hydrogen peroxide did not seem to assist in the treatment performance. This study suggests that the electrochemical treatment of BDD with SPE, with and without supporting electrolyte is an effective method for the removal of both toxic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins.

Temperature and hydrologic alteration predict the spread of invasive Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

The successful establishment of an aquatic invasive alien species can be mediated by a suite of environmental factors, including climate and anthropogenic disturbance. Dams and reservoirs are thought to promote freshwater fish invasion success through hydrological alterations but the evidence for their role in the global invasion of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) on a landscape scale is limited. Here, we examine the distribution of Largemouth Bass, one of the most widely introduced fish in the world, from the Iberian Peninsula using species distribution models (SDMs), including an ensemble forecast. We used these models to test the role of twelve environmental predictors expected to influence the distribution of Largemouth Bass, including the reservoir storage capacity at local and upstream reaches. We found that the predictive accuracy, based on AUC criteria, of the ensemble model was higher than any of the six individual SDMs for Largemouth Bass. The most influential predictor of bass distribution included in our model of the Iberian Peninsula was temperature, where warmer temperatures were generally associated with bass presence, and cooler temperatures with absence. In addition to warmer temperatures, increasing storage of local and upstream reservoirs increased predicted presence, suggesting an important role of reservoirs in mediating the invasive success of this fish. Our results indicate that although natural climatic factors may be crucial in the successful invasion of Largemouth Bass, hydrological alteration (e.g., regulated flow regimes and lentic habitats associated with dams and reservoirs) may be important. Understanding the drivers promoting the establishment of this global invader will be important in identifying areas at risk and in developing future efforts to control its spread, especially when those drivers are ongoing anthropogenic disturbances such as the construction and operation of dams and reservoirs.

Methane source linked to gas hydrate system at hydrate drilling areas of the South China Sea: Porewater geochemistry and numerical model constraints

Methane of various origins is widespread in the sediments of continental margins, representing a key component of the carbon cycle in the ocean. Its occurrence in shallow marine sediments can be linked to the gas hydrate reservoir in the deep sedimentary column. However, this type of methane is difficult to track due to complex reactions occurred during its long distance migration. Porewater geochemical analyses of two ∼7 m piston cores (D17-15 and W01-16) combined with a reaction-transport model were applied to quantify methane-related biogeochemical processes and to explore the linkage of shallow methane to gas hydrate reservoir in the hydrate drilling areas of Shenhu and Dongsha in the South China Sea (SCS). The model results revealed that anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is the predominant biogeochemical process in both cores, consuming approximately 85% and 74% of sulfate in the modeled domain, respectively. The crossplot of dissolve inorganic carbon (DIC) accumulation versus sulfate depletion of the system suggests that methane consumed during the AOM is mainly originated from external methane sources rather than local methanogenesis. Using a δ13CDIC mass balance calculation together with model-derived fractions of different DIC sources, we estimated that the δ13C value of the external methane in core D17-15 is −66.6‰, which is in accordance with the previous reported δ13C values of hydrate-bound methane in the area. These results suggest that methane consumed in shallow sediments in the hydrate drilling areas of the SCS is mainly originated from local gas hydrate reservoir. The proposed approach has the potential to be used to differentiate the sources of methane, which will provide constraints on dynamics of methane in gas hydrate-bearing marine sediments.

The Marine Reservoir Effect on the Coast of Rio de Janeiro: Deriving ∆R Values from Fish Otoliths and Mollusk Shells

ABSTRACTConsidering the impact of coastal dynamics on the radiocarbon (14C) marine reservoir effect (MRE), upwelling has the potential of enhancing marine influence, usually14C depleted. Freshwater input can contribute either to increased reservoir offsets, when dead carbon from rock weathering is available, but also towards an atmospheric14C signal, when the presence of terrestrial organic matter from catchment prevails. An overview of the MRE studies based on shellmounds on the coast of Rio de Janeiro reveals a pattern of negative local corrections for Saquarema and Rio das Ostras but positive values for Cabo Frio island, suggesting the presence of cold upwelling waters in Cabo Frio at 1.6–1.2 cal kBP. New results for a shellmound on the Ilha Grande island, in the western portion of the Rio de Janeiro coast, revealed a negative value at about 3 ka. We discuss distribution of MRE values and temporal variability in the region and their relation to ocean dynamics, continental input and the choice of marine organisms used for ∆R determination. A comparison of local reservoir offsets for the Saquarema region obtained from fish otolith and mollusk shells revealed similar ΔR distributions, showing that both materials can be equally used.

Atomic Evolution and Entanglement of Two Qubits in Photon Superfluid

By using reservoir theory, we investigate the evolution of an atom placed in photon superfluid and study the entanglement properties of two qubits interacting with photon superfluid. It is found that the atomic decay rate in photon superfluid changes periodically with position of the atom and the decay rate can be inhibited compared to that in usual electromagnetic environment without photon superfluid. It is also found that when two atoms are separately immersed in their own local photon-superfluid reservoir, the entanglement sudden death or birth occurs or not only depends on the initial state of the qubits. What is more, we find a possible case that the concurrence between two qubits can remain a constant value by choosing proper values of parameters of the system, which may provide a new way to preserve quantum entanglement.

Reservoir Effects in a Stone Age Fjord on Lolland, Denmark

ABSTRACTOn the island of Lolland, southeast Denmark, an area of almost 300 ha is currently under archaeological investigation prior to the planned construction of a tunnel between Denmark and Germany under the Femern belt. The area investigated in the context of the “Femern project” includes a former fjord or lagoon, which was used both as an economic resource and as background for ritual activities in the Neolithic. The wetland conditions give excellent preservation conditions for organic material. A yet unsolved issue, however, is the question of reservoir effects. The local reservoir effect needs to be known for accurate radiocarbon (14C) dating of samples with possible aquatic carbon sources, such as human bones or food residues on pottery. Therefore, this paper attempts to calculate the local reservoir effect for the study area. I will discuss the possibilities and limitations when analyzing 14C dates from a rescue excavation. When applying the estimated reservoir corrections to a hoard of jaws and other bones, an interesting change in ritual activity at ca. 4000 cal BC can be observed. Furthermore, I examined 14C dates on bulk organic sediment and will discuss their implications for building chronologies and for reconstructing the environment of the Stone Age fjord. Finally, I will discuss the pitfalls and uncertainties associated with 14C dates for sea level reconstruction.

Time-invariant discord: high temperature limit and initial environmental correlations

We present a thorough investigation of the phenomena of frozen and time-invariant quantum discord for two-qubit systems independently interacting with local reservoirs. Our work takes into account several significant effects present in decoherence models, which have not been yet explored in the context of time-invariant quantum discord, but which in fact must be typically considered in almost all realistic models. Firstly, we study the combined influence of dephasing, dissipation and heating reservoirs at finite temperature. Contrarily to previous claims in the literature, we show the existence of time-invariant discord at high temperature limit in the weak coupling regime, and also examine the effect of thermal photons on the dynamical behaviour of frozen discord. Secondly, we explore the consequences of having initial correlations between the dephasing reservoirs. We demonstrate in detail how the time-invariant discord is modified depending on the relevant system parameters such as the strength of the initial amount of entanglement between the reservoirs.

Effect of coherence of nonthermal reservoirs on heat transport in a microscopic collision model.

We investigate the heat transport between two nonthermal reservoirs based on a microscopic collision model. We consider a bipartite system consisting of two identical subsystems, and each subsystem interacts with its own local reservoir, which consists of a large collection of initially uncorrelated ancillas. Then a heat transport is formed between two reservoirs by a sequence of pairwise collisions (intersubsystem and subsystem-local reservoir). In this paper we consider two kinds of the reservoir's initial states: the thermal state and the state with coherence whose diagonal elements are the same as that of the thermal state and the off-diagonal elements are nonzero. In this way, we define the effective temperature of the reservoir with coherence according to its diagonal elements. We find that for two reservoirs having coherence the direction of the steady current of heat is different for different phase differences between the two initial states of two reservoirs, especially the heat can transfer from the "cold reservoir" to the "hot reservoir" in the steady regime for particular phase difference. In the limit of the effective temperature difference between the two reservoirs ΔT→0, for most of the phase differences, the steady heat current increases with the increase of effective temperature until it reaches the high effective temperature limit, while for the thermal state or particular phase difference the steady heat current decreases with the increase of temperature at high temperatures, and in this case the conductance can be obtained.