Local Military Conflicts Research Articles

СУЧАСНІ ДЕТЕРМІНАНТИ ЗОВНІШНЬОТОРГОВЕЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ РОЗВИНЕНИХ КРАЇН СВІТУ

The article is devoted to the definition of modern determinants of the developed countries’ foreign trade policy. It was determined that at the current stage of global development, the consequences of the global pandemic and local military conflicts, in particular in Ukraine, have a destabilizing effect on world dynamics. It is concluded that since the value of trade in goods is increasing at a significant rate, while growth in the volume of trade remains low, this may indicate a significant increase in commodity prices. This is due to the instability of supply and demand in the world market, as well as the significant inflationary burden in the countries. Modern globalization processes are also analysed. It is concluded that the world is currently faced with deglobalization 2.0, which is characterized by a decline in the role of leading states, trade wars, problems of integration development, in particular, Brexit, etc. Since trade is a key indicator of the globalization processes’ development, there is a need to revise the existing system of its regulation. Global regulatory bodies, including the WTO, are not up to the task of global governance, and states are resorting to protectionist measures to protect their national interests and sovereignty. As a result, the number of protectionist measures in the world economy has increased significantly compared to liberalization measures in recent years. It was concluded that developing countries are mostly prefer trade liberalization, while developed countries actively use protectionist subsidies. Recent trends reflect the changing nature of protectionism, namely the increasing role of non-tariff restrictions and covert protectionism, including domestic investment and support for domestic producers. Protectionism as a phenomenon negatively affects market, political and economic relations between partner countries. Key words: international trade, protectionism, liberalization, foreign trade policy, globalization.

БЕЗВОЗВРАТНЫЕ ЛЮДСКИЕ ПОТЕРИ КУЙБЫШЕВСКОЙ (САМАРСКОЙ) ОБЛАСТИ В ПЕРИОД ХОЛОДНОЙ ВОЙНЫ (1946-1991 ГГ.): СОЦИАЛЬНО-ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ

The article studies the irretrievable human losses of Kuibyshev (now Samara) region in local conflicts of the second half of the twentieth century. Using interdisciplinary research methods, the author conducted a socio-demographic analysis of the “Book of Memory of Samara region residents who perished in local military conflicts”, which revealed the following characteristics of an international soldier: age, place of birth, cause of death, service life, education, profession, military rank, type of service, awards, and hobbies. The study is an attempt to understand the losses of military personnel suffered by the region during the “cold war” and to create a collective portrait of an internationalist warrior.

THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF PALMYRA BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR IN SYRIA

In the article there is example of the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra, the article examines the problems of loss and preservation of the world historical, cultural, archaeological and architectural heritage in the context of modern local military confl icts. During the periods of Antiquity and the middle Ages, a complex of monuments, unique in composition and size, was formed here, combining ancient Eastern, Roman, Byzantine and Arab elements. During the ongoing acute armed confl ict in Syria, because of the purposeful actions of religious terrorist-extremist organizations, defi ned by the author as an "international historian of cultural terrorism", hesuffered catastrophic damage. An analysis of the scale of this damage, as well as the effectiveness of the efforts of the Syrian authorities, international organizations and the world community, shows that the preservation and restoration of Palmyra's heritage is possible because of painstaking, complex, joint work of all interested parties. Thus, the example of Palmyra showed the military confl icts in the Middle East, along with the actual destruction of entire states, the death of a huge number of people, the economic crisis, millions of refugees, was an attack on the heritage of ancient civilizations, which caused unprecedented loss of world cultural heritage in modern history. Now the world community faces a long and comprehensive joint effort to determine the damage, restore, and prevent further destruction and looting of the cultural heritage of Palmyra and Syria.

Foreign experience in constitutional and legal regulation of restrictions on human rights in conditions of emergency and martial law

The study investigates the foreign experience of constitutional and legal regulation of restrictions on human rights in conditions of emergency and martial law in Macedonia, Armenia, Belarus, Moldova, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Albania, Azerbaijan, which is relevantin modern conditions, based on the presence of local military conflicts, emergencies, or the possibility of their existence in many countries of the world. The purpose of this study was to analyse the text and content of the constitutions of foreign countries to clarify and explain the groundsfor restricting human and civil rights and freedoms in conditions of emergency and martial law. To achieve this purpose, the study employed a system of methods of scientific cognition, namely general scientific (analysis, synthesis), particular (comparative, quantitative and qualitative analysis, approximation), as well as special legal (formal legal, comparative legal) methods. The practical value of the study lies in the identification of four prevailing trends in the constitutions of foreign states to the procedure for determining the scope of restrictions on human rights under special regimes: 1) consolidation of an exhaustive list of rights and freedoms in the constitutions, which cannot be restricted during the period of emergency and martial law; 2) consolidation of an exhaustive list of rights and freedoms in the constitution, which can be restricted to protect human rights, the democratic structure of the state, public safety, the well-being of the population and morals; 3) combining the first two options for consolidating restrictions in the text of the constitutions; 4) consolidation of the possibility of limiting the rights and freedoms of the individual in the texts of constitutions by state authorities under special legal regimes in the interests of national security without specifying partiular rights and freedoms that may (or may not) be restricted

INTESTINAL INJURIES IN COMBINED ABDOMINAL TRAUMA

In recent years, there has been a steady increase in injuries all over the world. Man-made and natural disasters, local military conflicts, transport and industrial accidents in 50-60% of cases of all injuries lead to combined and multiple injuries to organs and systems of the human body, and, as a result, to high sanitary losses in the first hours and days [1,2,5,11,16,22,26,].This article discusses intestinal injuries in combined abdominal trauma.Keywords:trauma, gunshot wounds of the colon, closed abdominal trauma

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ЩОДО УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ТАКТИКИ БОЙОВОГО ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ РАКЕТНИХ КАТЕРІВ З УРАХУВАННЯМ ІСТОРИЧНОГО ДОСВІДУ

The article shows the urgency of using the missiles by corvettes of the Ukrainian Navy for naval purposes in modern conditions. The fighting and local military conflicts at sea of the last century are analyzed, where showed that ships with missile weapons are majorly important in order to achieve a victory over the enemy. Today, Ukraine and its Armed Forces are at the stage of undeclared war with the Russian Federation. Currently, the combat zone is Donbass, and the zones of increased tension are the Azov and Black Seas. Analysis of the peculiarities of a possible theater of operations, showing the relatively low defense capability of Ukraine to counter the threat from the sea and the important economic importance of the Black and Azov Seas for Ukraine, prove that in this direction, the aggressor can achieve the greatest strategic success. Analysis of recent events in the Black Sea, namely: the incident in the Kerch Bay, shelling of Ukrainian warships and aircrafts, constant provocative actions of the aggressor prove that the Black Sea is likely to become a new theater of operations. Combat actions on the high seas are virtually ruled out, as they have no tactical prospects. The main actions of our forces will be aimed at defending the territorial sea and the lines of our own coast. The Navy’s defense zone is likely to be a coastal strip up to 20 nautical miles wide, as well as the area around Zmiyny Island. In the north-western part of the Black Sea, coast of Ukraine is characterized by the presence of a large number of shallow estuaries, bays, etc., closed by queues, sandy shoals, areas unsuitable for navigation (Odesa, Dniester banks, Dnieper and Dniester estuaries, Tendriv, Kizhanka bays, the mouth of the Dunay and others). Such conditions favor the actions of small corvettes using «ambush» tactics. Therefore, the main tactical way of Ukrainian Navy corvettes action in the event of an armed conflict at sea may be the use of naval missile armament from «ambush», under aircrafts cover of Ukraine Air Forces with the usage of external sources of information on enemy location. Keywords: tactics, missile boat, naval target, missile weapon, sea battle, missile strike, combat application, combat effectiveness, missile weapon, anti-ship cruise missile.

Experimental modeling and pathomorphological picture of dosed acute traumatic brain injury

In recent decades, there has been a wide spread of open traumatic brain injury (TBI) closely associated with an increase in the pace of life, rise in the number of high-speed vehicles, industrialization, as well as such phenomena as terrorism and local military conflicts. The problem of diagnostics and effective treatment of traumatic brain injury is one of the most important for ambulance doctors, doctors of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, and neurosurgeons in providing timely qualified assistance, and is also of interest for modern medical science for further studying pathological processes and preventing the development of complications in this pathology.

Pages of history of russian military-fi eld therapy (to the 75th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War)

The great previous experience, accumulated by doctors in various wars and local military confl icts, convincingly proved the necessity of creating a harmonious system in the therapeutic services organization in the wartime conditions — the system based on the unity of views on the origin, fl ow and treatment of pathological processes, taking into account the specifi c conditions in which servicemen are in the period of military operations. All this has brought to life a new branch of therapy — the military-fi eld therapy. The Great Patriotic War was the most important stage in the development of domestic military-fi eld therapy as a stage characterized by the creation of an eff ective and science-based rendering therapeutic assistance to the wounded and sick system based on the principles of a unifi ed military-fi eld medical doctrine.

Ідентифікація руху важкої техніки та дій окремих видів зброї за їхніми сейсмічними ознаками

The results of research on the use of correlation for the analysis of seismic events are presented. The movement of freight trains and shots of artillery (mortars and howitzers) in local military conflicts were selected as seismic events. The purpose of the study was to experimentally confirm the possibility of using correlation analysis to identify individual seismic events of a military nature. It was intended to use precision seismometers based on digital laser interferometers. Such seismometers have been developed at the IPRI NAS of Ukraine. Such seismometers allow measuring the displacement of the earth's surface, starting from zero frequencies with a resolution of no worse than 1.6 nm. The possibility of using correlation analysis to identify individual seismic events of a military nature has been experimentally confirmed. In this case, seismic portraits of expected events were obtained in advance. Event identification is possible even in the presence of interference. This increases the value of the proposed approach. When using several seismometers, it is possible to realize not only the identification, but also the location of the expected seismic events of a military nature. Fig.: 4. Refs: 7 titles.

До питання про бойову стійкість кораблів (катерів) Військово-морських Сил України та її впливу на реалізацію їх бойових можливостей

На основі аналізу можливостей засобів космічної та повітряної розвідки збройних сил провідних держав світу, Російської Федерації щодо виявлення кораблів (катерів) та бойових можливостей їх ударних протикорабельних засобів, розроблений науково-методичний апарат розрахунку бойової стійкості кораблів (катерів) ВМС України, яку необхідно обов’язково враховувати на етапі планування бойових дій при оцінці бойових можливостей кораблів (катерів) та їх груп. На цій основі обґрунтовані та запропоновані пропозиції щодо підвищення бойової стійкості кораблів (катерів) ВМС України.

ISSUES OF RENDERING MILITARY TERMINOLOGY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF MILITARY DISCOURSE

This article takes an attempt to review the complexity of rendering military terminology in two languages and its subsequent identification of structure-forming features. The processes of globalization are incredibly intense, the military services of the world powers have to communicate with each other using military terminology in the course of hostilities and in the framework of military cooperation (competitions of military personnel, all kinds of military forums). The armed forces and the army are one of the most important social institutions and apparatuses in many countries. In the zones of local military conflicts, with the assistance of the armed forces, missions and humanitarian convoys are carried out aimed at establishing and maintaining a ceasefire and normal life. That is why, this research focuses on the study of military discourse and its functional components taking into account the increasing demand for developing multilingual vocabulary and speech strategies owing to current international conflicts.

CURRENT ISSUES OF ANTIVIRAL THERAPY OF ARVI AND INFLUENZA IN MILITARY UNITS

Conducting preventive medical and epidemiological measures for influenza and ARVI in closed military units, including on ships, vessels and auxiliary units of the Navy, is a factor of increasing the combat effectiveness of forces of the Russian Army. In the structure of total morbidity of military personnel, acute respiratory viral infections account for 35–50%, however, during the young military reinforcement, the incidence of these infections in combination with community-acquired pneumonia can reach 70–80%. The risk of exceeding the epidemiological threshold for respiratory tract infections, the etiological basis of which is viral aggression, is especially important in newly formed military contingents, for units participating in local military conflicts and peacekeeping operations, as well as with a new recruitment of cadets at training centers. The use of non-specific antiviral drugs based on exogenous recombinant interferon -2b is one of the conditions for adequate prevention of influenza and ARVI in closed military units. The paper presents the results from the analysis of publications on the effectiveness and Viferon® safety in the treatment of influenza and ARVI. Viferon is a preparation of recombinant human interferon -2b with a complex of antioxidants in various dosage forms, used in the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. Use of Viferon in various dosage forms is a reliable method of prevention and treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections in military forces, including on ships, vessels and auxiliary units of the Navy, at risk of emergency epidemiological situations due to ARVI and influenza, in conditions of limited contingent.

Risk factors of cognitive impairment in patients with blast-related mild traumatic brain injury

In modern local military conflicts, the prevalence of mine blast injury (MBI) is very high. In Ukraine, the frequency of MBI has significantly increased in recent years as a result of military conflict in the east of the country. Thus, it is necessary to develop a standardized approach to diagnosing mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) effects in order to objectify the functional state of the brain and cognitive impairment (CI), to correct treatment and control in the dynamics. Predictors of CI in these patients (pts) are studied insufficiently either.Aim. To investigate the risk factors of CI in pts with mTBI as a result of using mine explosive weapon.Materials and methods. One hundred and fifty men aged 18 to 45 years with mTBI were examined in SI Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute of NAMS of Ukraine. The diagnosis was established in Ukrainian Military Medical Academy according to the criteria of mild traumatic brain injury determined in clinical guidelines VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Concussion/mTBI (2009). The study used a single survey scheme for the pts: complaints, anamnesis morbi, neurological status, neuropsychological testing by using MoCA and HADS scales, quantitative electroencephalography (EEG), cognitive evoked potentials Р300 (CEP P300), and further phased statistical processing of the data obtained.Results. The analysis results demonstrated the following predictors of CI as: the patients’ complaints of fatigue and headache (p=0.003), neurological signs in the form of elements of pyramidal insufficiency, increase of tendon reflexes (p=0.02), high anxiety level on the HADS scale (p=0.001), changes in KEEG indicators (p<0.05), decrease in peak amplitude P3 (p=0.003), increase in latency of CEP P300 (p=0.003).Conclusions. The study proposed and grounded the necessity of using clinical and neurophysiological complexes to verify CI in the interim and long-term period. The study investigated the predictors of CI in pts with MBI, which is important for identification of pts with a high risk of progressive neurodegeneration as a consequence of MBI as well as for the individualization of rehabilitation approaches and treatment tactics for the pts.

DEVELOPMENT OF INDICATION SYSTEM OF MOBILE ULTRASONIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENT

Prevalence of gunshot wounds in modern world is associated with criminalization of society, terrorist threats, increase of a number of local military conflicts and civil unrest. Search and development of methods for reducing blood loss, accelerating the healing of postoperative wounds and scars resorption is an important goal of modern surgery, the solution of which is facilitated by the use of ultrasound. The use of ultrasonic surgery in military medicine and the use of piezoelectric elements as the source of ultrasound are perspective. Primary surgical treatment of wounds is the main method of preventing the development of severe infectious complications of gunshot wounds. When using an ultrasonic surgical instrument, an urgent task is to disinfect it before and after the operation. The purpose of this work is to develop an indication system for a mobile ultrasonic surgical instrument. A monochrome OLED display is used to indicate the state and interaction with the user in a mobile ultrasonic surgical instrument. STM32 series microcontroller is used to work with the display. The indication system provides a display of the current value of power, time and battery charge. The following settings menu items are available: frequency, power, sterilization, clock, information. The power value is presented in percent as a scale from 0% to 100%. The sterilization time setting menu provides a maximum sterilization time of 99 minutes and 59 seconds. The handle of the surgical instrument has all basic control elements for ease of use and simplicity. Proposed surgical instrument is mobile and can be used in extreme conditions. It does not require the use of a power cord. Li-ion batteries are used to ensure the mobility of the instrument. This work was made within the framework of a state budgetary research topic “Development of mobile highly effective ultrasonic surgical instrument for military and civil medicine”.

Дети, охваченные миграционными процессами: разнообразие, вызовы и диверсификация моделей поддержки

Альбина Александровна Нестерова – д.психол.н., профессор, кафедра социальной психологии, Московский государственный областной университет, Москва, Россия. Электронная почта: anesterova77@rambler.ru
 Интенсификация миграционных процессов и их влияние на детей мигрантов создает необходимость разработки конструктивных, адаптированных с учетом возраста и социальной ситуации переселения программ развития и поддержания адаптационных ресурсов этой уязвимой группы мигрантов. Статья направлена на изучение особенностей адаптации несо­вершеннолетних детей мигрантов, которые не являются единой и однородной группой. В связи с этим необходим дифференцированный подход к организации сопровождения адаптационных процессов детей мигрантов, способов их поддержки. В междисциплинарном ключе рассматриваются их психосоциальные проблемы, обосновывается необходимость разработки различных для каждой группы детей способов поддержания их социального и психологического благополучия. Объектом исследования стали дети, охваченные миграционными процессами, среди которых: дети, мигрировавшие вместе с родителями (так называемое «полуторное поколение»); дети, родившиеся в семьях мигрантов в стране приема; дети-беженцы, находящиеся без сопровождения взрослых в ситуации локальных военных конфликтов; дети, оставленные/покинутые родителями–мигрантами в стране происхождения или пребывания. Так, дети, в разном возрасте покинувшие страну совместно с родителями («полуторное поколение»), часто сталкиваются с проблемой освоения языка, новой культуры, ощущением «культурной раздвоенности». Дети мигрантов, принадлежащие ко второму поколению, в большей мере демонстрируют потребность в поддержке процессов их идентификации и в развитии межкультурной компетентности. Для детей-беженцев необходима организованная психологическая помощь, которая требует профессиональной подготовки. Для детей, оставленных на родине родителями-мигрантами, нужна поддержка специалистов, понимающих психологические последствия эмоциональной депривации, разрыва привязанности и сепарации. Исследование проведено в период 2014–2017 гг. в Москве и Московской области на совокупной выборке 179 детей мигрантов. Кроме того, анализируются глубинные интервью с 18 детьми мигрантов в возрасте от 10 до 15 лет, выходцами из Узбекистана, Кыргызстана, Таджикистана, Армении, Украины, а также с их родителями и учителями.

РОЗРОБКА СИСТЕМИ ЗНЕЗАРАЖЕННЯ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОГО ХІРУРГІЧНОГО ІНСТРУМЕНТУ

Prevalence of gunshot wounds in modern world is associated with criminalization of society, terrorist threats, increase of a number of local military conflicts and civil unrest. Search and devel-opment of methods for reducing blood loss, accelerating the healing of postoperative wounds and scars resorption is an important goal of modern surgery, the solution of which is facilitated by the use of ultrasound. The use of ultrasonic surgery in military medicine and the use of piezoelectric elements as the source of ultrasound are perspective.Primary surgical treatment of wounds is the main method of preventing the development of se-vere infectious complications of gunshot wounds. When using an ultrasonic surgical instrument, an urgent task is to disinfect it before and after the operation. The purpose of this work consists in the development of disinfection method for destruction of pathogen of infection on the cutting part of ultrasonic surgical instrument. In the paper a diagram is worked out and the design of tension transformer is conducted for ultraviolet emitters, the dock-station is constructed for a mobile ultrasonic surgical instrument for its loading and the process of desinfection. The model of ultrasonic surgical instrument and disinfection method for destruction of pathogen of infection on the cutting part of ultrasonic surgical instruments are developed. The worked out surgical instrument is mobile and autonomous, that is provided by the use of Li-ion accumulators, reliable and has considerable tenure of employment of active elements from piezoceramics, comfortable in exploitation and simple in a management due to the use of ergonomic handle.

Application of NPWT in the surgical treatment of wounds and injuries of various locations - case series

In the modern world, local military conflicts are not uncommon. A feature of local wars is a dynamically changing tactical situation, which can lead to massive losses and more serious injuries. This creates new challenges related to the treatment of combat trauma victims. We analyzed our experience of application of NPWT in complex surgical treatment of combat wounds and injuries of various locations.

Phototherapeutic hardware complex for rehabilitation, prevention and treatment of diseases of the human central nervous system

Introduction. The significant prevalence of vascular diseases of the brain, the complexity of dysfunc- tion, put the problems of their treatment, rehabilitation and prevention into the focus of attention of modern neurology. A stroke occurs in the United States every 45 seconds. Approximately 750,000 people a year suffer from a stroke in the United States. According to statistics from the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, more than 110,000 primary strokes are recorded annually in the country. No less serious disease of the human central nervous system is Alzheimer’s disease. Each year, more than 500,000 Americans die from this disease, making it the third leading cause of death in the United States. Traffic accidents, local military conflicts, some sports form a very numerous specific group of patients with craniocerebral injuries. Aim — to develop a phototherapeutic hardware complex for the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of vascular, inflammatory, degenerative, post-traumatic and other brain diseases that are difficult amenable to medical treatment including pharmacoresistant indomitable pain syndromes. Materials and methods. The low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the optical range of the spectrum and the magnetic field of a permanent magnet are physical factors that are used in phototherapeutic complex devices. Results. A phototherapy apparatus complex has been developed for the prevention, treatment and reha- bilitation of vascular, inflammatory, degenerative, post-traumatic and other brain diseases that are difficult to treat with drugs. The phototherapeutic hardware complex includes three devices: the modified photon-mag- netic apparatus Korobov-Posokhov “Barva-CNS/FM”, the photon-magnetic matrices A.Korobov - V.Korobov “Barva-Laryngologist/FM” and flexible photon-magnetic matrices A.Korobov - V.Korobov “Barva-Flex/24FM”. Conclusions. The presented clinical observations obtained using the developed phototherapeutic hard-ware complex for the treatment and prevention of diseases of the brain indicate high efficacy and safety of long-term low-intensity phototherapy in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy, with suffered ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, with hypertensive disease.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION’S MECHANISMS OF THE SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN TOURISM INDUSTRY

Urgency of the research. One of the most urgent topics for the development of a modern economy is the provision of security at various levels. In the conditions of instability of socio-economic development, political system, military con-flicts and activization of the terrorism threat the issue of the formation of effective mechanisms of state regulation of the security of economic systems are of particular relevance. Target setting. The instability of the environment, the problems of financial and economic security, the social unrest, the problems of terrorist threat, hybrid and local military con-flicts significantly reduce the potential for tourism development. Consequently, it is advisable to determine the possibili-ties of ensuring the safety of tourists with the mechanisms of state regulation in order to ensure the preconditions for the development of the world tourism industry. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The main source of static information for analyzing problems and prospects for tourism development is the World Tourism Organization [1]. The main legal document which regulates tour-ism activity in Ukraine is the Law of Ukraine "About Tourism" [2]. The analysis of literature is presented in works [3-10]. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The issue of building an effective state policy at the global and national levels, aimed at the safety of tourists and the development of the tourist industry in an unstable and constantly changing environment hasn’t been decided. The research objective. The purpose of the research is to form the effective mechanisms of security system for tourists, which will contribute to the development of the tourism industry on the global level. The statement of basic materials. The problem of ana-lyzing the impact of the safety factor on the development of tourism is researched. Possible ways of providing an effective system of tourism security of the tourism industry through the implementation of global mechanisms of the state policy of tourism development are analyzed. Conclusions. As a result of the research, the relevance of the topic of tourist safety is identified as one of the main ele-ments for increasing the level of development and realization of tourism potential.

The modern view of the problem of the identification of the dominant hand

There are currently the increasing requirements for the development of new scientifically substantiated approaches to and methods of forensic medical expertise for the purpose of personality identification. The necessity of such work arises from the constantly growing number of the unidentified persons and the current living conditions characterized by the heightened dangers posed by the risk of terrorism, local military conflicts, railway and flight accidents. This article contains the analytical review giving evidence that the identification of the dominant hand based on the characteristics of the hard dental tissues provides a promising additional tool for personality identification for the purpose of forensic medical expertise.