СУЧАСНІ ДЕТЕРМІНАНТИ ЗОВНІШНЬОТОРГОВЕЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ РОЗВИНЕНИХ КРАЇН СВІТУ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the definition of modern determinants of the developed countries’ foreign trade policy. It was determined that at the current stage of global development, the consequences of the global pandemic and local military conflicts, in particular in Ukraine, have a destabilizing effect on world dynamics. It is concluded that since the value of trade in goods is increasing at a significant rate, while growth in the volume of trade remains low, this may indicate a significant increase in commodity prices. This is due to the instability of supply and demand in the world market, as well as the significant inflationary burden in the countries. Modern globalization processes are also analysed. It is concluded that the world is currently faced with deglobalization 2.0, which is characterized by a decline in the role of leading states, trade wars, problems of integration development, in particular, Brexit, etc. Since trade is a key indicator of the globalization processes’ development, there is a need to revise the existing system of its regulation. Global regulatory bodies, including the WTO, are not up to the task of global governance, and states are resorting to protectionist measures to protect their national interests and sovereignty. As a result, the number of protectionist measures in the world economy has increased significantly compared to liberalization measures in recent years. It was concluded that developing countries are mostly prefer trade liberalization, while developed countries actively use protectionist subsidies. Recent trends reflect the changing nature of protectionism, namely the increasing role of non-tariff restrictions and covert protectionism, including domestic investment and support for domestic producers. Protectionism as a phenomenon negatively affects market, political and economic relations between partner countries. Key words: international trade, protectionism, liberalization, foreign trade policy, globalization.