Local Micro Research Articles

Penerapan Arsitektur Metafora pada Pasar Festival Industri Kreatif di Kabupaten Klaten

<p><em>Klaten Regency is located between big tourism cities, such as Surakarta and Yogyakarta. Klaten has its own potential of tourism and creative industries. At the other hand, the facility to support the development of creative industries in Klaten is not sufficient. The purpose of this design is to build a building that have complete facilities for creative industries sectors such as culinary, craft, fashion, music and performing art and not just for selling the products to costumer but also for the developing local creative micro to middle scope businessman in Klaten too, then the product could be developed dan known in national and international range. Using metaphor from one of the best and unique product of Klaten and response of the condition around the site would be a representation of iconic shape of Klaten Regency that would give a synergic interaction and could give a good response with the condition around the site.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Architecture, Festival marketplace, Creative industry, Metaphor</em></p>

Economic and environmental cost of self-sufficiency - analysis of an urban micro grid

In this paper we analyze the economic feasibility as well as the environmental ramifications of operating a renewable energy based micro grid for achieving ultimate self-sufficiency. Results show that in the present case ultimate self-sufficiency is neither economically feasible nor environmentally viable due to large overcapacity in storage and generation. Based on the results we propose that economic viability as well as ecological effectiveness of a local micro grid can only be achieved by an optimized combination of storing, curtailing and feeding-in of excess renewable power, all of which should be considered in a new reform of the German Renewable Energy Act (EEG).

On regulations for 5G: Micro licensing for locally operated networks

Future 5G networks aim at providing new high-quality wireless services to meet stringent and case-specific needs of various vertical sectors beyond traditional mobile broadband offerings. 5G is expected to disrupt the mobile communication business ecosystem and open the market to drastically new sharing based network operational models. 5G technical features of network slicing and small cell deployments in higher carrier frequencies will lower the investment barrier for new entrants to deploy local radio access networks and offer vertical specific services in specific areas and allow them lease the remaining required infrastructure on demand from mobile network operators (MNO) or infrastructure vendors. To realize the full vision of 5G to benefit the society and promote competition, innovation and emergence of new services when the 5G end-to-end network spans across different stakeholders administrative domains, the existing regulations governing the mobile communication business ecosystem are being refined. This paper provides a tutorial overview on how 5G innovations impact mobile communications and reviews the regulatory elements relevant to 5G development for locally deployed networks. This paper expands the recent micro licensing model for local spectrum authorization in future 5G systems and provides guidelines for the development of the key micro licensing elements. This local micro licensing model can open the mobile market by allowing different stakeholders to deploy local small cell networks with locally issued spectrum licenses ensuring pre-defined quality guarantees for the vertical sectors’ case specific needs.

ON FRACTURING OF BRITTLE AND DUCTILE ROCKS BY IMPACT AND EXPLOSION

The article analyzes the known criteria of brittle and ductile fracturing of rocks and model materials. It is shown that for the evaluation of fracture fragility under the impact and explosion the best preferred criteria are proposed by Cherepanov G.P. and Balankin A.S. Based on these criteria, the vast majority of rocks collapse as brittle materials to form dissipative structures (D S ), including the DS in the form of equally distributed local microcracks in the volume of rock except for a narrow class of argillaceous rocks and some varieties of coal, in which DS is being created mainly in the form of plastic deformation zone. The formation of dissipative structures in the form of local micro and macrocracks under the explosion and impact in monolithic rocks has the wave nature.

The deep structure of the Greater Caucasus on the basis of geophysical data according to new technologies. 1. Gravimetry, magnetometry, local seismic tomography and micro seismic sounding

The data of gravity prospecting, magnetic prospecting and seismology for the study of deep structure of the earth crust of the Greater Caucasus according to software technologies have been processed and interpreted. The vertical sections depicting the distribution of the contrasts of the density and speeds in the earth crust up to the depth of 100 km under the Greater Caucasus have been constructed. Several speed and density heterogeneities of the zonal division of the Greater Caucasus, which make some corrections for the issues of orogenesis of the Greater Caucasus, have been distinguished. Comparative analysis of the obtained results and the results of the local seismic tomography and micro seismic sounding has been done.

DC Microplasma Jet for Local a:C-H Deposition Operated in SEM Chamber.

A DC micro plasma jet for local micro deposition of a:C-H film in the ambient vacuum of scanning electron microscope (SEM) chamber is proposed. Acetylene (C2H2) gas was locally fed into the chamber through an orifice shaped gas nozzle (OGN) at 6.6 sccm in flow rate by applying 80 kPa-inlet pressure with an additional direct pumping system equipped on the SEM chamber. As a cathode, a cut of n-type silicon (Si) wafer was placed right in front of the OGN at 200 μm gap distance. By applying a positive DC voltage to the OGN, C2H2 plasma was generated locally between the electrodes. During discharge, the voltage increased and the current decreased due to deposition of insulating film on the Si wafer with resulting in automatic termination of discharge at the constant source voltage. A symmetric mountain-shaped a:C-H film of 5 μm height was deposited at the center by operation for 15 s. Films were deposited with variation of gas flow rate, gap distance, voltage and current, and deposition time. The films were directly observed by SEM and analyzed by surface profiler and by Raman spectroscopy.

Dynamics of volume-averaged intracellular Ca2+ in a rat CNS nerve terminal during single and repetitive voltage-clamp depolarizations.

The intracellular concentration of free calcium ions ([Ca2+ ]i ) in a nerve terminal controls both transmitter release and synaptic plasticity. The rapid triggering of transmitter release depends on the local micro- or nanodomain of highly elevated [Ca2+ ]i in the vicinity of open voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, whereas short-term synaptic plasticity is often controlled by global changes in residual [Ca2+ ]i , averaged over the whole nerve terminal volume. Here we describe dynamic changes of such global [Ca2+ ]i in the calyx of Held - a giant mammalian glutamatergic nerve terminal, which is particularly suited for biophysical studies. We provide quantitative data on Ca2+ inflow, Ca2+ buffering and Ca2+ clearance. These data allow us to predict changes in [Ca2+ ]i in the nerve terminal in response to a wide range of stimulus protocols at high temporal resolution and provide a basis for the modelling of short-term plasticity of glutamatergic synapses. Many aspects of short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) are controlled by relatively slow changes in the presynaptic intracellular concentration of free calcium ions ([Ca2+ ]i ) that occur in the time range of a few milliseconds to several seconds. In nerve terminals, [Ca2+ ]i equilibrates diffusionally during such slow changes, such that the globally measured, residual [Ca2+ ]i that persists after the collapse of local domains is often the appropriate parameter governing STP. Here, we study activity-dependent dynamic changes in global [Ca2+ ]i at the rat calyx of Held nerve terminal in acute brainstem slices using patch-clamp and microfluorimetry. We use low concentrations of a low-affinity Ca2+ indicator dye (100μm Fura-6F) in order not to overwhelm endogenous Ca2+ buffers. We first study voltage-clamped terminals, dialysed with pipette solutions containing minimal amounts of Ca2+ buffers, to determine Ca2+ binding properties of endogenous fixed buffers as well as the mechanisms of Ca2+ clearance. Subsequently, we use pipette solutions including 500μm EGTA to determine the Ca2+ binding kinetics of this chelator. We provide a formalism and parameters that allow us to predict [Ca2+ ]i changes in calyx nerve terminals in response to a wide range of stimulus protocols. Unexpectedly, the Ca2+ affinity of EGTA under the conditions of our measurements was substantially lower (KD =543±51nm) than measured in vitro, mainly as a consequence of a higher than previously assumed dissociation rate constant (2.38±0.20 s-1 ), which we need to postulate in order to model the measured presynaptic [Ca2+ ]i transients.

OP008 An innovative treatment for refractory perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease: local micro reinjection of autologous fat and adipose derived stromal vascular fraction

OP008 An innovative treatment for refractory perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease: local micro reinjection of autologous fat and adipose derived stromal vascular fraction

Barriers to Energy Efficiency in Swedish Non-Energy-Intensive Micro- and Small-Sized Enterprises—A Case Study of a Local Energy Program

Improved energy efficiency has become a strategic issue and represents a priority for European competitiveness. Countries adopt various energy policies on local and national levels where energy audit programs are the most common energy end-use efficiency policy for industrial small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, studies indicate that cost-efficient energy conservation measures are not always implemented, which can be explained by the existence of barriers to energy efficiency. This paper investigates how Swedish municipalities can support local micro- and small-sized enterprises with improved energy efficiency and the existence of different barriers to the implementation of energy efficiency. Relating this empirical case study to the theoretical barriers outlined in the text, this study found that the major explanatory factors related to non-implementation of cost-effective energy efficiency measures among micro- and small-sized industrial enterprises were bounded rationality (lack of time and/or other priorities), split incentives (having other priorities for capital investments), and imperfect information (slim organization and lack of technical skill). This study also found that information in the form of a report was the main thing that companies gained from working on the project “Energy-Driven Business”. Notably, the study involved companies that had participated in a local energy program and, still, companies face major barriers inhibiting implementation, indicating a need to further study other alternative policy models and how knowledge transfer can be improved.

Ferrite channel effect on ductility and strain hardenability of ultra high strength dual phase steel

This study describes an effect of controlled austenite decomposition on microstructure evolution in dual phase steel. Steel sheets austenitized at various annealing temperatures were rapidly cooled to the inter-critical annealing temperature of 800°C for the isothermal decomposition of austenite and then ultra fast cooled to room temperature. The scanning electron microscope analysis of evolving microstructure revealed ferrite nucleation and growth along prior austenite grain boundaries leading to ferrite network/channel formation around martensite. The extent of ferrite channel formation showed a strong dependence on the degree of undercooling in the inter-critical annealing temperature regime. Uniaxial tensile deformation of processed steel sheets showed extensive local inter-lath martensite damage activity. Extension/propagation of these local micro cracks to neighboring martensite grains was found to be arrested by ferrite channels. This assisted in delaying the onset of global damage which could lead to necking and fracture. The results demonstrated an alternate possible way of inducing ductility and strain hardenability in ultra high strength dual phase steels.

Determination of critical stress in high strength concrete

Abstract: In this work, more specimens were tested at equal conditions (static compression test) and, during the tests, the released heat for irreversible phenomena was monitored by means of the analysis of the temperature surface of the specimen. In this way, it was possible to estimate the average value of the macroscopic stress (“critical stress”) for which local micro cracks begin. The compression static tests (load - machine time) and the related thermal analysis (temperature-machine time) of spots located on the specimen face of the specimens, highlighted the possibility to estimate the value of the compressive load to which there was loss of linearity in the temperature - machine time diagram (Δt-t). This effect is due to internal heat generated for irreversible phenomena (internal micro fractures). The results show that the “critical stress” has values practically coincident for the points (spots) located in different zones (center or corners of the specimens' surface).

Facial Expression Recognition From Depth Video With Patterns of Oriented Motion Flow

In this paper, we propose a novel feature representation method by a new feature descriptor, named patterns of oriented motion flow (POMF) from the optical flow information, to recognize the proper facial expression from the facial video. The POMF computes different directional motion information and encodes the directional flow information with enhanced local texture micro patterns. As it captures the spatial temporal changes of facial movements through optical flow and enables us to observe both local and global structures, it shows its robustness in recognizing facial information. Finally, the POMF histogram is used to train the expression model through the hidden Markov model (HMM). To train through the HMM, the objective sequences are produced by the generation of a codebook using the K-means clustering technique. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated over the RGB and depth camera-based video. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed POMF descriptor is more robust in extracting facial information and provides a higher classification rate than other existing promising methods.

Nicotine enhances GABAergic inhibition of oxytocin mRNA-expressing neuron in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in vitro in rats

We recently found that extracellular administration of nicotine indirectly excited hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA-expressing neurons. In this study, we studied the effect of nicotine on PVN oxytocin (OT) mRNA-expressing neuron in vitro in rats, by whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique, immunohistochemistry methods and single-cell reverse-transcription multiplex polymerase chain reaction (SC-RT-mPCR) methods Our results showed that 79.3% (73/92) of the 92 PVN putative magnocellular neurons co-expressed GAPDH mRNA and OT mRNA. Under current-clamp recording conditions, local micro application of nicotine (1–300μM) induced a decrease in spontaneous firing rate accompanied with a hyperpolarization of membrane potential in 76.7% (56/73) of PVN OT mRNA-expressing magnocellular neurons. The nicotine induced inhibition in spontaneous activity of PVN OT mRNA-expressing magnocellular neurons was dose-dependent. The half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) is 2.9μM. The nicotine induced hyperpolarization of PVN OT mRNA-expressing magnocellular neurons was sensitive to GABAA receptor antagonist, SR95531 (10μM) and tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1μM). In addition, local micro application of nicotine induced a significant increase in frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (sIPSPs), but without changes in the sEPSPs amplitude of the OT-mRNA expressing neurons. Biocytin staining confirmed that the nicotine-sensitive OT-mRNA expressing neurons were the PVN magnocellular neurons. These results demonstrated that nicotine enhances the GABAergic inhibition, resulting in a decrease in spontaneous firing rate of the PVN OT-mRNA expressing neurons. These findings suggested that nicotine modulated PVN OT secretion via enhancement of both presynaptic action potential drive and quantal GABA release.

Evalution of the effectiveness of VAC-therapy in the preparatory stage of plastic wound closure in patients with diabetic foot

Purpose – to evaluate the efficiency of topical negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in comparison to standard therapy in post operative wounds in patients with diabetic foot syndrome.Materials and methods. The effects of negative pressure therapy on the clinical (size, tissue oxygenation), histological (light microscopy), morphometric and immunohistochemical (eNO synthase) aspects of repair of the soft tissue of the lower extremities in patients with diabetes mellitus in comparison with standard treatment. 60 patients with diabetic foot syndrome were included in the study from the moment of debridement till the plastic closure of the wound. During the perioperative period, 28 patients received NPWT (-50 to -120 mmHg) and 32 patients received standard therapy.Results and discussion. A reduction of the wound area by (24,6+12,2)% was achieved with negative pressure therapy compared with baseline data. In the control group, the corresponding values were (12,5+-11,4)%. The results of transcutaneous oximetry showed a greater increase in the level of local micro hemodynamics in the study group as compared to the control group (p <0,05). An important criterion of wound preparation, for plastic closure of the wound is filling it with granulation tissue by more than 75%. 94% of the patients in the study group had (82,1% +-16)% of their wound filled with granulation tissue. The histological data of the study group showed a significant reduction of oedema by 80% (p <0,05), improved extracellular matrix organization (p <0,05), 90% (p <0,05) dissolution of inflammatory infiltrate and the formation of healthy granulation tissue (p<0,05). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts in the dermis (p <0,05), increased expression of eNO synthase.Conclusions. The findings suggest that negative pressure therapy (-50 to -120 mmHg) is more efficient compared with standard treatment and achieves more rapid reduction of the area and depth of the wound, increased local microcirculation and decreased inflammation. These findings were confirmed histologically and immunohistochemically. The high efficiency of this method significantly reduced the time required for preparing the wound for autodermoplasty.

Facial expression recognition on real world face images using intelligent techniques: A survey

Most of the research in facial expression recognition system has been done on the datasets which are acquired in predetermined lab environment. Acquiring real world data is crucial for the benchmarking of algorithms because facial expression recognition system will eventually have to work on the data from real world in an uncertain environment. In the recent years, the local descriptor-based facial expression recognition has been shown to be more robust to pose changes, misalignment and illumination effects. Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Weber Local Descriptor (WLD) are commonly used local descriptors used to effectively represent local micro texture information of the face. Classification of facial expression images became more challenging due to different norms and gestures used among different races and ethnic groups and the change between different expression classes is very subtle. It necessitates storing not only micro but also macro texture information in case of real world face images to acquire better accuracy results. Traditional local descriptors are not capable to extract the macro texture information. The purpose of the proposed work is to present a novel framework to recognize facial expressions with high accuracy rate. The proposed framework intends to be time and memory efficient, and unlike LBP and WLD it would not only store micro but also macro texture information. Performance of the proposed technique will be measured using both synthetic (i.e. lab-based) and real world face images datasets.

Effect of DC Pulse Patterns on Spark Plasma Sintering Process of [Fe<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>B<sub>0.05</sub>Si<sub>0.2</sub>]<sub>96</sub>Nb<sub>4 </sub> Bulk Metallic Glass

The influence of direct current pulse on–off patterns on spark plasma sintering of [Fe0.8Co0.2B0.05Si0.2]96Nb4 on kinetics competition and coordination mechanism of the interface bonding and crystallization has been investigated systematically. No crystallization of metallic glassy matrix and good bonding state between the particles were responsible for good mechanical properties of the fabricated Fe-based bulk glassy alloy at 2:9 (on: off) pattern. The higher local micro area’s instantaneous power and larger cooling time caused by low pulse duty ratio played a vital role in consolidation of amorphous alloy powder and desired structural properties.

Simulation of chemical reaction localization using a multi-porosity reactive transport approach

Results of reactive transport laboratory experiments often suggest that pore scale heterogeneity induces localization of reactions (the generation of local micro environments favoring reactions that would not occur in a well-mixed Representative Elementary Volume, REV). Multi-Rate Mass Transfer (MRMT), which has been employed to reproduce hydrodynamic heterogeneity, may also be used to simulate geochemical localization. We extended the Water Mixing Approach (WMA) designed for single porosity media, to simulate chemical reactions caused by the mixing of mobile and immobile zones. The method is termed Multi-Rate Water Mixing (MRWM). The MRWM approach was employed to simulate laboratory experiments of CO2-rich brine transport through carbonate rich samples (Luquot et al., 2016). Chemical heterogeneity in space was reproduced by varying the mineral assemblages in immobile regions. This enabled us to reproduce the generally low pH environment while allowing for high pH local zones required for the localized precipitation of kaolinite, which has been observed in reality, but cannot be modeled with conventional reactive transport formulations. The resulting model is very rich, in that it can reproduce a broad range of pore scale processes in a Darcy scale model, and complex, in that the interaction between chemical kinetics and immobile zones physical parameters is non-trivial.

Innovation: crucial factor for the internationalization of SMEs

Market globalization has brought profound changes in the way in which relations between people, companies and countries are established. Particularly for companies, these changes have manifested in an increase in international operations, which on one hand press local micro, small and medium firms (SMEs) to improve their products and processes, so that they do not be displaced by foreign companies, but on the other, this new environment offers them opportunities to access foreign markets. There are several approaches to understand the elements that influence the internationalization of firms; some of them are based on the input directly to the foreign market. In the case of SMEs, additionally, it has been proposed as a mechanism of internationalization, their direct participation in global value chains (GVC). One of the ways for consolidate the participation of SMEs in GVCs is through innovation. The purpose of this article is to present a model based on innovation, which summarizes the ideas of several authors as a factor explaining the internationalization of SMEs, particularly in the sectors of metalworking and information technology, located in the state of Sonora, Mexico. Considered factors are entrepreneurial orientation, organisational competitions, institutions and capital. To validate the hypothesis and use of the proposed model, a survey was applied to 116 SMEs from Sonora; using a logistic regression technique, a probability function was calculated. Results can help to understand some of the elements that are present in this complex process of integration of SMEs in global value chains.

Thermomagnetic Behavior of Magnetic Susceptibility—Heating Rate and Sample Size Effects

Thermomagnetic analysis of magnetic susceptibility k(T) was carried out for a number of natural powder materials from soils, baked clay and anthropogenic dust samples using fast (11oC/min) and slow (6.5oC/min) heating rates available in the furnace of Kappabridge KLY2 (Agico). Based on the additional data for mineralogy, grain size and magnetic properties of the studied samples, behaviour of k(T) cycles and the observed differences in the curves for fast and slow heating rate are interpreted in terms of mineralogical transformations and Curie temperatures (Tc). The effect of different sample size is also explored, using large volume and small volume of powder material. It is found that soil samples show enhanced information on mineralogical transformations and appearance of new strongly magnetic phases when using fast heating rate and large sample size. This approach moves the transformation at higher temperature, but enhances the amplitude of the signal of newly created phase. Large sample size gives prevalence of the local micro- environment, created by evolving gases, released during transformations. The example from archeological brick reveals the effect of different sample sizes on the observed Curie temperatures on heating and cooling curves, when the magnetic carrier is substituted magnetite (Mn0.2Fe2.70O4). Large sample size leads to bigger differences in Tcs on heating and cooling, while small sample size results in similar Tcs for both heating rates.

Pre-gelatinized tapioca starch and its mixtures with xanthan gum and ι-carrageenan

Heating of tapioca starch dispersions at low concentration (<10% w/w) forms highly viscous and translucent pastes. In this work, a completely cold soluble tapioca starch powder is produced by spray drying of a previously gelatinized starch paste. Rehydrating the powder yields a viscous paste with a loss in elasticity. Its combination with nongelling food hydrocolloids, such as xanthan gum or ι-carrageenan, restores the mechanical properties and creates alternative starch based thickening agents with a stable structure. Rotation and oscillatory rheological measurements show significant differences in viscosity–temperature, strain, and frequency dependence between the native tapioca starch paste and the spray dried one. The addition of xanthan gum or ι-carrageenan to the spray dried tapioca starch has a much stronger influence on its properties than their addition to the native starch. The different chain flexibilities of the polyelectrolytes cause disparate effects on the mechanical behavior of the mixed systems. By confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) it is shown, that the mixture of starch and ι-carrageenan leads to a well-mixed phase with intermolecular interactions between the hydrocolloid and the starch molecules. In contrast, the addition of xanthan gum induces a separation into local micro domains resulting in a mutual exclusion, which is also confirmed by CLSM.