Local Meteorological Station Research Articles

A new station-enabled multi-sensor integrated index for drought monitoring

Remote sensing data are frequently incorporated into drought indices used widely by research and management communities to assess and diagnose current and historic drought events. The integrated drought indices combine multiple indicators and reflect drought conditions from a range of perspectives (i.e., hydrological, agricultural, meteorological). However, the success of most remote sensing based drought indices is constrained by geographic regions since their performance strongly depends on environmental factors such as land cover type, temperature, and soil moisture. To address this limitation, we propose a framework for a new integrated drought index that performs well across diverse climate regions. Our framework uses a geographically weighted regression model and principal component analysis to composite a range of vegetation and meteorological indices derived from multiple remote sensing platforms and in-situ drought indices developed from meteorological station data. Our new index, which we call the station-enabled Geographically Independent Integrated Drought Index (GIIDI_station), compared favorably with other common drought indices such as Microwave Integrated Drought Index (MIDI), Optimized Meteorological Drought Index (OMDI), Precipitation Condition Index (PCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Soil Moisture Condition Index (SMCI), and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI). Using Pearson correlation analyses between remote sensing and in-situ drought indices during the growing season (April to October) from 2002 to 2011, we show that GIIDI_station had the best correlations with in-situ drought indices. Across the entire study region of the continental United States, the performance of GIIDI_station was not affected by common environmental factors such as precipitation, temperature, land cover and soil conditions. Taken together, our results suggest that GIIDI_station has considerable potential to improve our ability of monitoring drought at regional scales, provided local meteorological station data are available.

Climate, human disturbance and geometric constraints drive the elevational richness pattern of birds in a biodiversity hotspot in southwest China

To improve our understanding of mechanisms underlying biodiversity patterns, and provide insights for conservation biologists, elevational pattern of bird species richness and its causes were studied in the Gaoligong Mountains, China. On the east slope of the southern part of Gaoligong Mountains (24.79°N-26.49°N, 98.65°E−98.93°E), we conducted field surveys of birds at each 300-m band from 700 to 3400 m a.s.l., and for the two bands from 3400 to 4000 m a.s.l., we obtained data from historical records. We obtained climatic recording data from local meteorological stations that were located in our study area and calculated the mean annual temperature and precipitation. We also calculated the Area, MDE (the mid-domain effect), NDVI (the normalized difference vegetation index), habitat heterogeneity and human disturbance for each 300-m band. We then used multiple regression analysis to test the explanatory power of different factors for the elevational richness patterns of overall, endemic, non-endemic, large-ranged, and small-ranged birds. A total of 277 breeding bird species were recorded. We found consistent hump-shaped elevational patterns of species richness with varied peaks for different groups. The richness of endemic birds peaked at higher elevation than non-endemic birds. Although none of the seven factors (Area, MDE, mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, NDVI, habitat heterogeneity, and human disturbance) showed consistent explanatory power among different species groups, temperature and human disturbance played important roles in shaping the richness patterns of most bird groups whereas MDE contributed to the richness pattern of large-ranged species. Our results highlight the need to increase conservation effort at the low elevation of this biodiversity hotspot where there is high richness of birds but intensive human land use. Furthermore, more studies are needed in this biodiversity hotspot to clarify the detailed influence of climate change on elevational distributions of birds.

A Dual Stable Isotope Approach Unravels Common Climate Signals and Species-Specific Responses to Environmental Change Stored in Multi-Century Tree-Ring Series from the Tibetan Plateau

Tree-rings are recorders of environmental signals and are therefore often used to reconstruct past environmental conditions. In this paper, we present four annually resolved, multi-centennial tree-ring isotope series from the southeastern Tibetan plateau. The investigation site, where juniper and spruce trees jointly occur, is one of the highest known tree-stands in the world. Tree ring cellulose oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotopes were analyzed for a common period of 1685–2007 AD to investigate climate–isotope relationships. Therefore, various climate parameters from a local meteorological station and from the CRU 4.02 dataset were used. Tree-ring δ18O of both species revealed highly significant sensitivities with a high degree of coherence to hydroclimate variables during the growing season. The obtained δ18O–climate relationships can even be retained using a species mean. In contrast, the individual δ13C series indicated a weaker and non-uniform response to the tested variables. Underlying species-specific responses and adaptations to the long-term trend in atmospheric CO2 bias even after a trend correction identified dominant environmental factors triggering the tree-ring δ13C at our site. However, analysis of individual intrinsic water-use efficiency in juniper and spruce trees indicated a species-specific adaptation strategy to climate change.

Numerical procedures and their practical application in PV modules analyses. Part I: air mass

The subject of the article is aspects of PV modules and cells measurement, with the use of natural sunlight. A light source is an important element during calibration and measurements of solar cells and modules. All designers of artificial light sources try to recreate natural light using so called measurement tables. The correctly performed measurement, i.e. meeting all the appropriate atmospheric conditions, guarantees obtaining the result with the use of a reference spectrum. The article has two main aims. The first aim of the article is to answer the question asked earlier - if the sunlight spectrum registered in appropriate conditions is so good that it serves as the reference spectrum - then, in practice, during measurements carried out with its use, certain problems occur regarding the correct measurement results or their interpretation. The second aim regards presenting detailed numeric procedures in order to enable readers to associate air mass with geographical coordinates and Local Solar Time of their study/laboratory location. Moreover, having the data from their local meteorological station, they will be able to estimate the occurrence of the measurement spectral error of the tested cell/module not only from the group referred to in the article but also for others, for which they have a dedicated characteristics of spectral response.

Earth and Rock-Filled Dam Monitoring by High-Resolution X-Band Interferometry: Gongming Dam Case Study

Middle-sized earth- and rock-filled dams with clay cores continue to settle by approximately 0.5–1.5% of their height for approximately 1–3 years after their construction phase. This paper investigates the use of high-resolution spaceborne Synthetic aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry to monitor this settlement process, with the case of the Gongming dam in China. The varieties of slope foreshortening and stretching in the radar coordinates are attributed to the radar’s local incidence angle and the dam’s slope heading, which are analysed in detail. Focusing on the embankment slope settlement analysis, the equations for calculating foreshortening and the line-of-sight deformation decomposition are derived in detail for the adjustment and data fusing. The scattering characteristics of different materials on the dam surface are analysed, including the grass slope, concrete slope, top road (crest), top wall, step, and ditch. According to the analysis of the precipitation data from a local meteorological station, the coherence losses on the slopes are mainly caused by surface moisture. Both the TerraSAR-X Spotlight (TSX-SL) data and the COSMO-SkyMed Strip Mode (CSK-SM) data are analysed by the stacking method to assess the slopes’ deformations. The TSX-SL data results show the highest rate of settlement as 2 cm/yr on the top of the dam slope, consistent with the clay core shrinking process. The CSK-SM data show a similar trend in the lower part of the dam slope but underestimate the deformation in the upper part of the slope.

Identifying solar access effects on visitors' behavior in outdoor resting areas in a subtropical location: a case study in Japan Square in Curitiba, Brazil.

Changes in microclimate due to urban morphology tend to directly affect outdoor thermal comfort, thereby influencing people's behavior. In order to investigate that, this study analyzed preferences for specific resting areas within an urban square surrounded by high-rise buildings in a subtropical location. In order to understand behavioral adaptations as regards sunlight availability (direct or reflected) or shaded situations (partly, fully) in resting areas, the analysis was conducted according to an observational method during the four seasons of 2016. Two high-definition cameras with time-lapse function were positioned at vantage points facing distinct benches, shooting at intervals of 1.5min between scenes. Altogether, 86,561 scenes were analyzed. As a thermal comfort parameter, the outdoor thermal comfort index 'PET' (physiological equivalent temperature) was used, by post-processing meteorological data from the local meteorological station. The availability of situations (sun-lit, shaded-partly or fully, reflected sunlight) in each frame and per bench and the preference of visitors for such areas were considered in the analysis. During winter, there was a prevalence of shaded situations, mostly due to adjacent buildings. In summer, the most common condition was partly shaded by trees. The choice for a given resting condition was found to be closely related to PET index values and thermal comfort/stress classes and less so to seasonal changes.

Elevational patterns of bird species richness on the eastern slope of Mt. Gongga, Sichuan Province, China

BackgroundIn biological systems, biological diversity often displays a rapid turn-over across elevations. This defining feature has made mountains classic systems for studying the spatial variation in diversity. Because patterns of elevational diversity can vary among lineages and mountain systems it remains difficult to extrapolate findings from one montane region to another, or among lineages. In this study, we assessed patterns and drivers of avian diversity along an elevational gradient on the eastern slope of Mt. Gongga, the highest peak in the Hengduan Mountain Range in central China, and a mountain where comprehensive studies of avian diversity are still lacking.MethodsWe surveyed bird species in eight 400-m elevational bands from 1200 to 4400 m a.s.l. between 2012 and 2017. To test the relationship between bird species richness and environmental factors, we examined the relative importance of seven ecological variables on breeding season distribution patterns: land area (LA), mean daily temperature (MDT), seasonal temperature range (STR), the mid-domain effect (MDE), seasonal precipitation (SP), invertebrate biomass (IB) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI). Climate data were obtained from five local meteorological stations and three temperature/relative humidity smart sensors in 2016.ResultsA total of 219 bird species were recorded in the field, of which 204 were recorded during the breeding season (April–August). Species richness curves (calculated separately for total species, large-ranged species, and small-ranged species) were all hump-shaped. Large-ranged species contributed more to the total species richness pattern than small-ranged species. EVI and IB were positively correlated with total species richness and small-ranged species richness. LA and MDT were positively correlated with small-ranged species richness, while STR and SP were negatively correlated with small-ranged species richness. MDE was positively correlated with large-ranged species richness. When we considered the combination of candidate factors using multiple regression models and model-averaging, total species richness and large-ranged species richness were correlated with STR (negative) and MDE (positive), while small-ranged species richness was correlated with STR (negative) and IB (positive).ConclusionsAlthough no single key factor or suite of factors could explain patterns of diversity, we found that MDE, IB and STR play important but varying roles in shaping the elevational richness patterns of different bird species categories. Model-averaging indicates that small-ranged species appear to be mostly influenced by IB, as opposed to large-ranged species, which exhibit patterns more consistent with the MDE model. Our data also indicate that the species richness varied between seasons, offering a promising direction for future work.

Experience of solar-diesel power plant introduction in the village of Nerkha of the Irkutsk region

The paper presents a brief characteristic of the state of power supply to the consumers of the village of Nerkha in the Nizhneudinsk Area of the Irkutsk Region before the construction of a solar power plant. The main principles of the feasibility study on construction of a solar-diesel power plant are described. The schedules of the calculated power generation by the photovoltaic modules on the basis of the data of the local meteorological station are compared with the actual consumption schedule. The connection diagram of the solar-diesel power plant components is shown and its operating principle is briefly described. The actual data of power generation by the diesel power plant and photovoltaic modules for five months of operation are presented. The calculated and actual indices are compared. Keywords: Diesel power plant, photovoltaic modules, battery inverters, network inverters, power consumption, calculated generation

An improved method for assessing vegetation cooling service in regulating thermal environment: A case study in Xiamen, China

Quantitatively evaluating vegetation cooling service has become an important issue in current ecosystem service assessment, especially for urban area. Based on a previous method proposed on the energy exchanging theory, this study developed an improved method to generate a spatially explicit evaluation of the vegetation cooling service by introducing fractional vegetation cover (FVC) and the daily length of vegetation cooling service provision. Using remote sensing data from Landsat-8 and MODIS-Terra observations and field measurements from local meteorological stations, the method was successfully applied in Xiamen, a city located on the southeastern coast of China. The results showed that surface elevation and FVC had profound impacts on the length of vegetation cooling service provision and the vegetation cooling ability, respectively. For the vegetation surfaces of total 799.48 km2 in Xiamen, the annual heat absorption was 2.73 × 109 MJ/a in 2015 with an average length of cooling service provision of 1954.04 h. A more reasonable spatial distribution of vegetation heat absorbing capacity can be found with the differences not only among different vegetation types but also within the same vegetation type. Thus, this study emphasized the impacts of vegetation coverage and cooling length on providing cooling service, which has practical implications for vegetation planning in urban areas.

Consumer Grade Weather Stations for Wooden Structure Fire Risk Assessment.

During January 2014, Norway experienced unusually cold and dry weather conditions leading to very low indoor relative humidity (RH) in inhabited (heated) wooden homes. The resulting dry wood played an important role in the two most severe accidental fires in Norway recorded since 1923. The present work describes testing of low cost consumer grade weather stations for recording temperature and relative humidity as a proxy for dry wood structural fire risk assessment. Calibration of the weather stations relative humidity (RH) sensors was done in an atmosphere stabilized by water saturated LiCl, MgCl2 and NaCl solutions, i.e., in the range 11% RH to 75% RH. When calibrated, the weather station results were well within ±3% RH. During the winter 2015/2016 weather stations were placed in the living room in eight wooden buildings. A period of significantly increased fire risk was identified in January 2016. The results from the outdoor sensors compared favorably with the readings from a local meteorological station, and showed some interesting details, such as higher ambient relative humidity for a home close to a large and comparably warmer sea surface. It was also revealed that a forecast predicting low humidity content gave results close to the observed outdoor weather station data, at least for the first 48 h forecast.

Atmospheric Dispersion Analysis for Expected Radiation Dose due to Normal Operation of RSG-GAS and RDE Reactors

BATAN is planning to build an experimental power reactor, the RDE, to complement the RSG-GAS reactor that is already operating in the Serpong Nuclear Zone (KNS). The experimental power reactor is an HTGR (high-temperature gas-cooled reactor) with 10 MWt power, while the RSG-GAS is a pool-type water-cooled reactor with 30 MWt power. According to standard regulatory practices, under normal operating conditions of the plant, radiological assessment of atmospheric releases to the environment and assessment of public exposures are considered essential . The purpose of this study is to estimate the dose acceptance in Serpong Nuclear Zone (KNS) after operate the RDE operates in KNS-2. To assess the doses, the PC-CREAM 08 computer code was used. It uses a standard Gaussian plume dispersion model and composes a suite of models and data for estimation of the radiological impact assessments of routine and continual discharges from a nuclear reactor. The input data include sourceterm from the RDE and the RSG-GAS, a stack the height of 60 m annual radionuclides release, meteorological data from the Serpong local meteorological station, and agricultural products data from Serpong site. Results show that the highest individual dose in the area around KNS for adults is 6.16×10 -3 mSv/y in the S (South) direction and 300 m distance from the stack of RSG. The highest collective dose around KNS within 3 km radius is 6.37×10 -3 man-Sv/yr. The results show that the radiological impact of the KNS on the critical groups of public and the individual effective doses satisfy the limits given by the Nuclear Regulatory Agency of Indonesia (BAPETEN). The operation of RDE in KNS-2 does not add significantly to acceptance radiation dose in the environment in KNS. It can also be concluded that the estimated effective doses are lower than the dose constraint of 0.3 mSv/y associated with this plant.

Comparing dune migration measured from remote sensing with sand flux prediction based on weather data and model, a test case in Qatar

This study explores validating and calibrating the wind regime predicted by Global Circulation Models (GCM) on Earth and other planets using optical remote sensing of dune dynamics. We use Spot-5 images to track the migration of 64 Barchan dunes in Qatar using the COSI-Corr technique. We estimate the volume of the dunes using a scaling law calibrated from one particular dune, which was surveyed in the field. Using volume and migration rate, we determine the sand flux from a single dune, QDunes, and scale this estimate to the whole dune field. We compare the measured sand flux with those derived from wind velocity measurements at a local meteorological station as well as with those predicted from ERA-Interim (a Global Circulation Model). The comparison revealed that the wind velocity predicted by ERA-Interim is inappropriate to calculate the sand flux. This is due to the 6-h sampling rate and to systematic bias revealed by a comparison with the local wind data. We describe a simple procedure to correct for these effects. With the proposed correction, similar sand flux are predicted using the local and ERA-Interim data, independently of the value of the value of the shear velocity threshold, u⁎t. The predicted sand flux is about 65% of QDunes. The agreement is best assuming the value u⁎t=0.244 m/s, which is only slightly larger than the value of u⁎t=0.2612 m/s estimated based in the sand granulometry measured from field samples. The influence of the dune topography on the wind velocity field could explain the underestimation. In any case, the study demonstrates the possibility of validating GCM model and calibrating aeolian sand transport laws using remote sensing measurements of dune dynamics and highlights the caveats associated to such an approach.

Impact of using two different sources of water quality for simulation of salt and moisture content in unsaturated zone

Monitoring water quality and moisture content throughout the root zone become essential for proper management and for reduction of undesirable and diverse effects caused by using different water quality. In the field level, poor management of using different quality water can cause a huge reduction on the vegetation production. Two field plots were selected in Al-Khalis region in Diyala governorate as a case study. Four scenarios were applied for the data collected for a complete season from a local meteorological station and by using HYDRUS-3D V2.05 software package to simulate water and salt transport through a 1m depth of unsaturated zone. Irrigation scheduling was estimated using FAO method. The net water depth required for a season was 65 mm for 7 days irrigation interval and 21 irrigation events. For depths (20, 40, 60, 80, and100 cm) the salt concentration were simulated for the four scenarios and for the whole season. For the limit of controlling soil salinity at low level in initial and develop stage of plantation, it has been found that the Fourth scenario has to be chosen.

Greenery in the urban environment as a nature based solution for thermal stress mitigation

The problem of thermal environment in the city and small urban settlement is described and discussed in the paper. The study was performed for two areas differed in the intensity of development, buildings height and greenery in the nearest surrounding. The results of measurements compared and discussed come from two, local meteorological stations located in both environments. The summer temperature history was compared and analysed using daily maximum, minimum and averaged values. For 85% of analysed days the minimum air temperature in the rural zone was lower than in the regular city area.

Sensitivity Study on the Influence of Parameterization Schemes in WRF_ARW Model on Short- and Medium-Range Precipitation Forecasts in the Central Andes of Peru

A sensitivity study of the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting regional model (WRF, version 3.7) to the use of different microphysics, cumulus, and boundary layer parameterizations for short- and medium-term precipitation forecast is conducted in the Central Andes of Peru. Lin-Purdué, Thompson, and Morrison microphysics schemes were tested, as well as the Grell–Freitas, Grell 3d, and Betts–Miller–Janjic cumulus parameterizations. The tested boundary layer schemes were the Yonsei University and Mellor–Yamada–Janjic. A control configuration was defined, using the Thompson, Grell–Freitas, and Yonsei University schemes, and a set of numerical experiments is made, using different combinations of parameterizations. Data from 19 local meteorological stations and regional and global gridded were used for verification. It was concluded that all the configurations overestimate precipitation, but the one using the Morrison microphysical scheme had the best performance, based on the indicators of bias (B) and root mean square error (RMSE). It is recommended not to use the Betts–Miller–Janjic scheme in this region for low resolution domains. Categorical forecast verification of the occurrence of rainfall as a binary variable showed detection rates higher than 85%. According to this criterion, the best performing configuration was the combination of Betts–Miller–Janjic and Morrison. Spatial verification showed that, even if all the configurations overestimated precipitation in some degree, spatial patterns of rainfall match the TRMM and PISCO rainfall data. Morrison’s microphysics scheme shows the best results, and consequently, this configuration is recommended for short- and medium-term rainfall forecasting tasks in the Central Andes of Peru and particularly in the Mantaro basin. The results of a special sensitivity experiment showed that the activation or not of cumulus parametrization for the domain of 3 km resolution is not relevant for the precipitation forecast in the study region.

Mapping soil erosion in the Da Dang river basin, Lam Dong province

The Da Dang river basin, located in the Upper Part of Dong Nai River, plays a crucial role to protect water resources in the downstream parts. The purpose of this study is to assess and develop a soil erosion map in the Da Dang river basin by using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) combined with remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS). The factors used in the RUSLE equation (R, K, LS, C, and P) were computed by using data obtained from local meteorological stations, topographic maps, soil surveys, and satellite images. The data on water quality (TSS) of 75 surface water samples was deployed at 15 monitoring sites in the river basin in the period of 2012 – 2016, provided by DONRE of Lam Dong. The results showed that 14.41% of the basin area is subjected to a high erosion rate with an extent of 10 tons/ha/year or more. Furthermore, the study also indicated that TSS concentration has a closely correlation with land use practices and the the spatial distribution of soil erosion. These findings are essential information and practical implications for local authorities in formulating provincial planning policy for land use and the management practices of soil and water protection in the Da Dang river basin, a sensitively mountainous area, in the context of climate change.

Climate impact assessment and “islandness”

PurposeClimate data, including historical climate observations and climate model outputs, are often used in climate impact assessments, to explore potential climate futures. However, characteristics often associated with “islandness”, such as smallness, land boundedness and isolation, may mean that climate impact assessment methods applied at broader scales cannot simply be downscaled to island settings. This paper aims to discuss information needs and the limitations of climate models and datasets in the context of small islands and explores how such challenges might be addressed.Design/methodology/approachReviewing existing literature, this paper explores challenges of islandness in top-down, model-led climate impact assessment and bottom-up, vulnerability-led approaches. It examines how alternative forms of knowledge production can play a role in validating models and in guiding adaptation actions at the local level and highlights decision-making techniques that can support adaptation even when data is uncertain.FindingsSmall island topography is often too detailed for global or even regional climate models to resolve, but equally, local meteorological station data may be absent or uncertain, particularly in island peripheries. However, rather than viewing the issue as decision-making with big data at the regional/global scale versus with little or no data at the small island scale, a more productive discourse can emerge by conceptualising strategies of decision-making with unconventional types of data.Originality/valueThis paper provides a critical overview and synthesis of issues relating to climate models, data sets and impact assessment methods as they pertain to islands, which can benefit decision makers and other end-users of climate data in island communities.

Modelling of real solar radiation spatial distribution as a tool for solar energy cadastre in the cities

The increasing needs of energy and decreasing traditional energy sources are becoming one of the biggest issues of our civilization. The provision of stable energy supply is a matter of state security. The energy consumption keeps growing especially in big cities. Therefore, it became reasonable to produce energy directly in cities. To optimize the use of the solar energy in the city areas, a fundamental issue is to find and estimate the amount of solar radiations at a specified location by using available tools and data. The main goal of this work is to demonstrate the potential of the r.sun model, a component of GRASS software, in calculating real solar radiation for the selected location. The work starts with demonstrating the effect of cloud cover for the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface and the usage of GIS software and Ogimet website in the spatial analysis of real solar radiation distribution. For this purpose, data concerning cloud cover for selected locations were analysed. The study is based on the synoptic data obtained from Ogimet. Average daily cloud cover totals and long-term values were calculated. Apart from the cloud cover data, a significant variable, the Linke turbidity factor, describing the weakening of solar radiation due to the presence of aerosols and water vapour in the atmosphere, was taken into consideration. The obtained results were used to develop a map of real solar radiation distribution for a part of Wrocław. The results obtained by that model with the acquired data by the local meteorological station show compatibility.

Trend and change point analyses of annual precipitation in the Souss-Massa Region in Morocco during 1932–2010

In the context of an arid area such as Souss Massa Region, the availability of time series analysis of observed local data is vital to better characterize the regional rainfall configuration. In this paper, dataset of monthly precipitation collected from different local meteorological stations during 1932–2010, are quality controlled and analyzed to detect trend and change points. The temporal distribution of outliers shows an annual cycle and a decrease of their number since the 1980s. The results of the standard normal homogeneity test, penalized maximal t test, and Mann-Whitney-Pettit test show that 42% of the series are homogeneous. The analysis of annual precipitation in the region of Souss Massa during 1932–2010 shows wet conditions with a maximum between 1963 and 1965 followed by a decrease since 1973. The latter is identified as a statistically significant regional change point in Western High Atlas and Anti Atlas Mountains highlighting a decline in long-term average precipitation.

Embedded Communication System in a Local Meteorological Station in Lagos, Nigeria

Effective communication among units of a system is very essential because it determines the reliability of such a system. A local meteorological station has a target of atmospheric data acquisition, processing and output hence it is an embedded system with different units. Embedded communication among these units was facilitated and made effective by ESP8266 microcontroller a 32-bit Tensilica L106 running at 80MHz system clock equipped with 802.11 IEEE standard Wi-Fi protocols such as TCP/IP stacks. Full duplex data communication was adopted between the Access point server (station mode) and the client mode. The ESP8266 (station) reads all the sensors attached to it identifies the MAC (Media Access Control) address of the clients before processing its request. The data transmission between the client and the server (station) is through HTTP application. Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) communication was implemented on the ESP8266 client sending the received data to the user computer. The computer uses RS232 logic while the ESP8266 uses TTL logic. USB/UART Bridge, FTD232 IC was adopted to connect ESP8266 with the output device (computer). The data received was viewed on the personal computer. These embedded communication routes and connections were adopted in a local meteorological station in Lagos.