Use Of Local Languages Research Articles

Assessing the Role of Caste/Ethnicity in Predicting Menstrual Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Nepal

ABSTRACTMenstruation is a natural, physiological process, but it can be a challenging experience for millions of women around the world. In Nepal, a geographically small yet diverse country of 125 caste/ethnic groups, understanding how caste/ethnicity impacts menstrual health is critical for developing context-specific interventions to improve women’s health. A community-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted with 679 women and girls between the ages of 13–51 from the country’s most populous castes/ethnic groups. Forty eight percent had high menstrual knowledge, 60% had positive menstrual attitudes, and 59% had positive menstrual practices. Caste/ethnicity was a significant predictor of menstrual knowledge and practices. The caste/ethnic groups Tarai/Madhesi/Other, Newar, Janajati, and Muslim all had statistically significant fewer odds of positive menstrual practices compared to Brahman/Chhetri (high caste groups), with Janajati (indigenous ethnic groups) having the poorest outcomes. Despite Nepal making impressive advances in health, certain caste/ethnic groups have fallen behind in terms of menstrual health outcomes. Consequently, blanket menstrual health programs may not be sufficient for improving menstrual knowledge and practices for all. Future programming should consider the use of local languages and context-specific content that incorporates indigenous beliefs, as well as cultivate partnerships with indigenous health organizations, and develop outcome indicators disaggregated by caste/ethnicity to ensure improved menstrual health for all.

Pola Hubungan Sosial Di Daerah Transmigrasi Desa Kapidi, Kecamatan Mappedeceng, Kabupaten Luwu Utara (Studi Aspek Geografi Sosial)

The research aims to determine the social geography factors that support and hinder the associative relationship patterns, and patterns of social relationships that exist between community groups transmigration with local community groups. Population is 625 KK. Sampling using purposive sampling of 80 samples selected. Collecting data using observations, questionnaires and documentation. Qualitative data analysis.Results of the study are social geography factor determining patterns of social relationships. Seen from the public are not concerned about wide disparities ownership and land productivity with a percentage of 81.25 percent. Based on the distribution of settlements society rarely interact with the percentage of 67.50 percent. The use of local languages is 57.50 percent of the people do not matter. Factors religious differences, people do not visit each other when religious holidays with the percentage of 76.25 percent. Factors difference in the number of residents, community transmigration reluctant to interact with local communities. Differences in culture, inter-ethnic society visited each totaled 65 percent. Factor public infrastructure, has been fair with a percentage of 76.25 percent.The conclusion is the pattern of the relationship between local communities and society transmigration is associative relationship patterns. Social geography factor that supports associative relationship is a broad pattern of ownership of agricultural land, the level of productivity of the land, culture, public infrastructure and local languages. Social geography factors that inhibit the associative relationship is the distribution pattern of settlements, religious differences, and population.

PENGGUNAAN BAHASA ASING DAN DAERAH PADA PAPAN NAMAUSAHA DAN IKLAN (Studi Kasus di Banjarbaru dan Martapura)

Abstract: The objective of this study is (1) to describe the choice of using foreign and local languages on the bussiness banners and advertisements in Banjarbaru and Martapura; and (2) to explain the reasons or the cause of using those languages. Data is obtained from purposive samples of business sign board found in Banjarbaru and Martapura city. Data analysis is using descriptive approach; it was describing the error from the sample. This research uses the rule of Indonesianization of foreign words and terms and AIDA theory (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action). The results of this research are (1) many Banjar and foreign languages are used in one business sign board; (2) three reasons of using foreign and local language: 1. latest icon are used to attract consumer’s attention to goods and services even though the icon is not relevant to Indonesian Language. 2. Using different languages deviate from grammar and uncommon word choice to attract consumer’s attention to the advertisement of product or business. 3. The use of local language is familiar to consumers of detail and services. This research shows that local phrases or terms are used to evoke consumer’s feeling. On the other hand, the use of English gives an educated impression to advertisers.

The efficiency of single institutional review board review in National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Cooperative Reproductive Medicine Network-initiated clinical trials.

Timely review of research protocols by institutional review boards leads to more rapid initiation of clinical trials, which is critical to expeditious translation from bench to bedside. This observational study examined the impact of a single institutional review board on time and efforts required to initiate clinical trials by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Cooperative Reproductive Medicine Network. Collection of data from the same six main clinical sites for three current clinical trials and two past clinical trials, including time from institutional review board submission to approval, pages submitted, consent form length, number of required attachments, other regulatory requirements, order of review at central or local sites, and language in documents at individual participating sites. Results from two past clinical trials were also included. While time required for actual institutional review board submission's review and initial approval was reduced with use of a single institutional review board for multicenter trials (from a mean of 66.7-24.0 days), total time was increased (to a mean of 111.2 or 123.3 days). In addition to single institutional review board approval, all institutions required local approval of some components (commonly consent language and use of local language), which varied considerably. The single institutional review board relied on local institutions for adding or removing personnel, conflict of interest review, and auditing of activities. A single institutional review board reduced time for initial review and approval of protocols and informed consents, although time for the entire process was increased, as individual institutions retained oversight of components of required regulatory review. In order to best achieve the National Institute of Health's goals for improved efficiency in initiation and conduct of multisite clinical research, greater coordination with local institutional review boards is key to streamlining and accelerating initiation of multisite clinical research.

IDENTIFIKASI FUNGSI BAHASA YANG BERBASISKAN KEARIFAN LOKAL BALI PADA MATERI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS PERHOTELAN BIDANG TATA HIDANG

<p><em>The values of local wisdom that are reflected in the service influences the satisfaction of tourists (Astina, 2017). Local wisdom is displayed in the daily life of the people, including the use of local languages. Bali as a cultural community certainly has that identity of language, in addition to religious and political systems, customs, tools, clothing, buildings and artwork. This study aims to identify the use of Balinese Language within the restaurant sequence of service. Kuta and Sanur are the sampling setting since the two are indicators of Tourism destination. The use of Balinese language expressions were also recognized from the teaching and learning in the hospitality classroom to see the gap. The study displayed the use of Balinese Language ‘matur suksma’(=thank you) in the sequence of service and is a subject of English Language material development in the area of food and beverage service.</em></p><p align="center"> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Service, Local Wisdom, Language Function, Food and Beverage Service</p>

LOCAL LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH TEXT

Translation and foreign language mostly influence the use of local language di Indonesia. However, in the translation text entitled "Asal-Usul Elite Minangkabau Modern: Respons terhadap Kolonial Belanda Abad XIX/XX," there is an attempt to maintain a local language, Minangkabau. The original text was written in English by E. Grave an American researcher. This paper aims to identify translation techniques as the form of language maintenance and its impact on the readability of the translation text. The findings show that adaptation, established equivalence, particularization, explicitation, and addition techniques are used in maintaining Minangkabaunese. The assessment of the translation indicates that these techniques did not decrease the level of readability. The readability level is at an easy level with a score of 3.53. This finding implies that language maintenance does not reduce the readability of translation and it is a positive effort that translators can make.

TATHMINI YA LUGHA YA KUFUNDISHIA KUANZIA SHULE ZA CHEKECHEA HADI DARASA LA TATU NCHINI KENYA

The question of which language should be used as a medium of instruction from nursery school to class three in primary schools has been a topic of discussion in Kenya since the 1960’s. It has been proposed that the language of instruction at those levels of education be the language of the catchment area or Kiswahili in cosmopolitan areas. Language learning theories backed by research indicate that the use of local languages (first language) as a medium of instruction in the formative years of the child makes them understand faster what is being taught. This is because language is no longer a barrier in the learning. Examples given of developed countries indicate that these countries have prospered because they used local languages in their education systems. This paper revisits this issue 51 years after the nation of Kenya got its independence and having undergone several socio-political changes. The paper analyzes the current situation in Kenya today and gives recommendations on how best that policy can be implemented in the changed circumstances.

KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK PEMAKAIAN BAHASA INDONESIA OLEH PENUTUR ASING DALAM KONTEN VIDEO YOUTUBE

TThe aim of this study is to examine T the use of Indonesian by foreign speakers in Youtube video content. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with sociolinguistic approach. The data sources from this research are video creators videos on the Youtube.com networking site also known as Youtuber. The data was collected by the method of referring and ably by looking at the video of Youtuber. Youtuber selected based on customer number and audience size on each video. Data were analyzed to find code mixed form, code change, interference and language integration. The results of the study indicate that Indonesian foreign speakers are still influenced by English as well as local languages, such as Sundanese and Javanese. The use of local languages is due to the environmental influence of these Youtubers live. In addition, the emergence of regional language use is also influenced by culture. Another distinctiveness that arises is the use of taboo language by speakers either using a foreign language or regional language in the form of mentions related to sexuality.

MAINTAINING LOCAL LANGUAGE SUSTAINABILITY IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNICATION ERA

Globalization synonymous with changes in all sociocultural aspects of human life, including languages. The use of local languages as a medium of communication shifted by the national language and English that became dominant. The local language seems to be a rare item, as it is not easy to find families who teach local languages to their children. Attempts to maintain the local language never stop. One of them is through writing. A number of writers in Bandung still write in Sundanese, although quantitatively, the readers are few. This study aims to reveal the motives of 8 writers produce writing in Sundanese and how their efforts to keep generating ideas for their writing. Based on the qualitative-phenomenology method used, this study reveals, the motives of the writers to produce works in Sundanese is the idealism as individuals born and raised in the Sundanese society. They feel they have a responsibility to maintain the existence of Sundanese in the community of native speakers. To keep writing on, they do not rely on personal experience as the idea. They also made an adaptation to the information technology by using social media to spread Sundanese language writings broadly.Keywords: globalization; Sundanese; Sundanese writer; idealism; social media; preservation.

Local television and the construction of local identities: case studies on two local televisions in Pekanbaru, Indonesia

This aim of the study is to describe the role of local televisions in constructing local identities. This study was conducted with qualitative approach, examining two programs in two local televisions in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia, namely Belacan Program of Riau Television (RTV) and Online Channel Program of Riau Channel Television (RCTV). This research found that local televisions have important roles in constructing local identities and maintaining local cultures. RTV and RCTV have optimized various ways of constructing local cultures, which simultaneously draws closer relations to their audiences, such as focusing on the Malay culture as a dominant culture in Riau, exploring tourist attractions and new places sursounding the city, delivering the program with local language, presenting traditional clothes worn by the host, involving local comminities in the production and creative processes of the program, innovating the program with the interactive music segment, discussing folk songs, and inviting local speakers. These programs have shown the resistance to the dominance of ‘Jakarta’ and global culture. The use of local language acts as symbolic signs, namely representing the local identities.Keywords: local television; local identity; local culture; creative processes.

PENGGUNAAN BAHASA DAERAH SEBAGAI BAHASA PENGANTAR DI KELAS RENDAH SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA PALANGKA RAYA

The use of Bahasa Indonesia as the language of instruction in the education process is a must. However, sometimes in some cases, the use of local language is needed by teachers in order to encourage better communication to students. This is a descriptive research. The purpose of the paper is to know the use of local language as the language of instruction at the primary school level. The findings of this study indicate that teachers in the early grades, first to third grade, at the primary school level still use local language as an introduction other than Indonesian. In accordance with most respondents, local language is very helpful for them in providing and building deeper understanding to students

MULTILINGUAL DETECTION AND MAPPING OF EMERGENCY AND DISASTER-RELATED TWEETS

The Philippines is considered as a disaster-prone country in Southeast Asia. Today, social media such as twitter serves as a communication outlet and majority of the post are written in English. This is a problem or gap to those who are not well-versed in a foreign language or cannot even read or understand English. This study promotes the use of local language by translating the keyword using the specified language of the identified region. It will enhance and bridge the gap between the major speaking language from the local areas of the country specifically in the Ilocos Region. The tool will search disaster and emergency-related keywords in local language for extraction. Social network’s API and tools will be used for community detection and extraction of data. This shall analyze the properties of the community structure detected from Filipino social media users who posted about the disaster in the local language. This study will determine the geolocation and community structure of the disaster and emergency-related post based on the tweet’s coordinates, and analyze community structure formed and compare it to actual patterns of disaster-affected areas. Maps will be utilized as a crowdsource to identify the disaster and emergency-related tweets in Ilocos Region. This will also improve the development and use of the tool through the multilingual Twitter data and in real-time detection of disaster-related tweets so that appropriate action may be done promptly. This paper presents the possibility of the affected community which gives bigger changes of possible projecting the exact location for a reliable report to the government for a faster response. Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/mijst.2017.32.240249 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.

Improving Indigenous local language opportunities in community-based tourism initiatives in Haida Gwaii (British Columbia, Canada)

ABSTRACTThis study explores visitor perceptions of Indigenous local language use at the Haida Heritage Centre at Kay Llnagaay and Haida Gwaii Museum. We explore visitor expectations of local language use, the meaning and value of language, and their openness to expanded forms of language expression. The objective was to understand the context and limitations in which the Haida could improve local language opportunities using community-based tourism initiatives to their advantage. An Indigenist methodology informed analysis of 27 in-depth visitor interviews and provided insight into three major themes (1) life experience and heritage informs expectations, (2) [It's a] “Means of Communication” masks a deeper understanding of language, and (3) creating a meaningful space for local language engagement. The findings suggest significant and untapped spaces in which to support the expanded use of culturally appropriate local languages to the well-being of speakers and visitors. Ultimately, visitor affirmation drew on shared experiences of language loss – laying the groundwork for engagement based on the value of language as opposed to its prescriptive use as a commodity. Practical ways forward are given. This research was part of a larger study aimed at encouraging greater visibility and accessibility to Haida language through community-based tourism initiatives.

Contextualized-OLPC education project in rural India: measuring learning impact and mediation of computer self-efficacy

The One Laptop per Child (OLPC) initiative has been at the forefront of introducing low-cost computers in developing countries. We argue that the problem is not as much as a focus on the provision of affordable technologies, but the lack of consideration of deeply contextualized implementation design and the lack of understanding of psychological mechanisms at the user-level that influence learning impact. A longitudinal quasi-experimental design among nine rural Indian primary schools involved pre- and post- experiment measures conducted with both test (n = 126) and control groups (n = 79). The study objective was to prioritize local contexts during technology implementation design in order to attain educational impact in terms of improved learning outcomes for students. The Contextualized-OLPC education project utilized strategies identified by the Technology-Community-Management model to address contextually germane factors of teacher training, unbiased gender access, and local language use. A second objective was to assess impact of technology introduction while countering extant techno-determinist approaches of impact assessment. We first demonstrated that technological knowledge was associated positively with functional literacy. We situated the experiment in the social cognitive theory to demonstrate that computer self-efficacy mediates the relationship between technological literacy attained as a consequence of the Contextualized-OLPC education project and a specific learning outcome, functional literacy. Overall, the research illustrated that giving primacy to mere deployment of OLPC laptops has limited relevance to children, both in use and outcome. In support, the results demonstrated the role of contextualized technology in rural classrooms alongside an understanding of user psychology that influence learning impact.

Demonetization to Digitalization: A Step Toward Progress

Journey from demonetization to digitalization is very hard hitting but not impossible. Recent demonetization in India on November 8, 2016, created lot of panic in the economy but also paved the way to digitalization. Cash crunch and availability of e-sources of transactions compelled many people to use electronic modes of payment. Credit cards, debit cards/RuPay card, USSD/UPI, Internet banking, mobile wallets like Oxigen, Paytm, Mobiwik, aadhar-enabled payment system, POS, and so on are few popular modes of electronic transaction, which are commonly used by the citizen. Digitalization will embrace higher transparency in monetary terms; low-cost maintenance; more convenience in use; and help in financial inclusion and weeding out black money and counterfeit money from the economy. But journey to a destination is always full of roadblocks, and similarly the journey of India toward a digital India is also full of hurdles like a huge illiteracy rate; low bandwidth; more unbanked areas; late adoption of technology; lack of full-time electricity; security concerns like hacking, cybercrime, and safety of personal details; and need for high investments. So, to defend the dream of a digital India, we have to develop well-defined strategies to coach people in using technology like focusing on customer education as well as employee education in technology by conducting workshops, presentations, enforcing strict cyber laws, use of local language, and developing user-friendly websites that leverage technology using the development of simple and smart digital tools, such as the use of a one-time password (OTP). The government has started Vittiya Sakharata Abhiyaan (VISAKA) and outreach campaigns like DigiDhan Abhiyan and so on to encourage people to adopt digital tools. Overall demonetization is greasing the wheels of digitalization and transforming India into Digital India.

Cultural variation influences on the learning experience of international nursing students

Background Through their perspectives, various scholars have explored the academic and social challenges foreigner students face in their experience of learning. Understanding the positive impacts and the challenges of international nursing students can lead to a greater awareness of the obstacles and benefits that come from their scholarship experience. The current study aimed to recognize perspectives of Nigerian students about the influences of cultural variation on their learning process, and rating the students’ satisfaction with the nursing scholarship experience. Method Both descriptive exploratory and grounded theory research designs were utilized to conduct the quantitative and qualitative parts of this study respectively. The study was conducted in the Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Egypt. A purposive sample of all (n=51) first year Nigerian students who registered at the academic year 2013–2014 2nd semester and studying the course of research methodology-credit hours system were requested to participate in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Tools of data collection were included; self-administered, and semi-structured interview questionnaire, in addition to four points of Likert scale. Results The study results revealed that communication barrier, combined use of local language, and different language barrier were cited by around three quarters of Nigerian students as cultural variation related obstacles that influenced teaching process as well as students’ learning. However, less than half of Nigerian students considered know about different cultural background as a motive in their process of learning. Conclusion This study concluded that, cultural variation has both positive and negative influences on Nigerian nursing students’ learning experience. It is recommended that, recognition of Nigerian nursing students’ perspectives are needed to support their scholarship learning experience in a new environment of different culture.

Ciacia Language Maintenance through "House of Culture" Model

Local language maintenance has been remarkably attended recently following massive extinction of languages for having been rarely used and not transmitted well to younger generation. This paper reports the findings of a study related to a model which is evidently useful to preserve local language use among students with less comprehension to their local language. The developed model employs local short stories as tools for language perseverance by means of project making which requires students' active participation mingling with the language. The study indicates that local culture and tradition like short stories is apparently favorable to support and promote the use of local language among students. Thus, it is highly recommended that local culture and tradition be cultivated and developed to preserve language maintenance and involve language users directly and consciously towards language survival.

There is More to the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics Than the Use of Local Languages: Mathematics Teacher Practices

In this article, we present a discussion about the type of mathematical discourse that is being produced in classrooms where the language of learning and teaching is local languages. We also further explore the tensions in the mathematical discourse being produced. The study sample was 4 mathematics teachers from a semi-urban primary school in Malawi. The methods of data collection included classroom observations, pre-observation focus group discussions and reflective interviews. The results show that even though both students and teachers were able to communicate freely in local languages in the mathematics classroom, the mathematical discourse that came was distorted. This is mainly caused by lack of a well-developed mathematical discourse in local languages, which in turn takes away the confidence of mathematics teachers in the classroom. As a result, the mathematics classrooms are still being characterized by teachers not being creative, use of word by word from books, focus more on procedural than conceptual and thus teacher centered is still dominant in these classrooms. Furthermore, it is found that there are tensions between the formal and informal mathematical language in local languages. These results in turn have promoted a more in-depth understanding to the teaching and learning of mathematics when local language is the language of learning and teaching. Therefore, this article argues for a well-balanced approach when it comes to teaching and learning of mathematics rather than just focusing on the use of local languages.

Medium of instruction policies in Ghanaian and Indian primary schools: an overview of key issues and recommendations

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on a rigorous literature review of research into medium of instruction in Ghana and India, whose language-in-education policies represent two contrasting models of use of local languages and the development of competence in English. The paper begins by briefly overviewing the language-in-education policy in these two countries and sets out the methodological approach underpinning this review. It then turns to the initial findings, which are discussed in two parts: the first categorises the three areas of research explored in the empirical studies reviewed, namely the effectiveness of language-in-education policies, problems hindering the implementation of these policies, and attitudes to these policies. The second provides an overview of the recommendations for how, given the obstacles in implementing the current policies, to better ensure the effectiveness of language-in-education policies in Ghana and India. Together these findings show that similar issues arise that contribute to challenges of providing equitable, quality education, and similar recommendations have been put forward as a result. This paper thus provides a valuable overview of key issues in the role of language-in-education policies in improving equity and quality in education in LMICs.

From code‐mixing to mode‐mixing in the European context

ABSTRACTThe paper presents four representative case studies of English in Europe influencing local language use in print advertising (Slovenia, Croatia and Italy) and social media online (Wales). For this purpose, three touristic identification displays (including brand name, slogan and logo) and one Instant Messaging conversation between teenagers are investigated, where by close linguistic and graphic analysis of the data it is shown how English serves to express the national identities of product (advertising) and person (e‐communication) projected in the texts. This is achieved by the English mediating the desired identity semiotics by both its verbal and visual properties, which generate the intended social meanings semantically via homophoric reference and intertextuality. In this way, English contacts are co‐realised with the local language as co‐text and/or context in (multilingual and) multimodal discourses where code‐mixing expands to mode‐mixing.