68 | BLACK HISTORY BULLETIN VOL. 83, NO. 2 (EXTENDED DIGITAL VERSION) 83 No.2 THE ANATOMY OF A LEGEND: FAMILY INFLUENCE IN THE LIFE OF BLACK ENTREPRENEUR FANNIE MAE DUNCAN By Kathleen F. Esmiol On a crisp October morning in 2019, hundreds of residents flooded into downtown Colorado Springs to celebrate the new sculpture of the legendary Fannie Mae Duncan by sculptor Lori Kiplinger Pandy. All wanted to see the first statue of a local historic woman and the only statue of an African American woman in the city. Positioned in the middle of the sidewalk leading up to the Pikes Peak Center for the Performing Arts, the gleaming bronze likeness of Fannie Mae honors her as the catalyst for the peaceful integration of the city at her nightclub—the Cotton Club—during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s-1960s.1 Louis Armstrong, Etta James, Duke Ellington, Lionel Hampton, and Count Basie were among those who entertained mixed audiences at the nightclub, at a time when local hotels prohibited these gifted Black artists from staying as either performers or guests. Fannie Mae not only offered them engagements at her Cotton Club, but also provided luxurious accommodations in her mansion near Colorado College. Staying at the Duncan mansion also gave the often-homesick performers something hard to find on the road: down home cooking by Fannie Mae’s mother Mattie, who treated guests as family.2 As an African American woman, Fannie Mae achieved the American dream at an unlikely point in United States history by living up to her credo “Everybody Welcome.” She sat on boards with powerful White men. In the years prior to the civil rights victories that offered opportunities to Blacks, Fannie Mae was an anomaly. So how did she do it? That was the question Eagleview Middle School students asked in 1993 when they held weekend interviews with Fannie Mae to learn about her life. Once they met the charismatic Fannie Mae and learned how her actions profoundly impacted the quest for civil rights in their own hometown, the students developed a passion for educating the public about her contributions to society. The young interviewers turned into budding historians who were surprised to learn that the groundwork for her success was rooted in the empowering, faith-based ethics of her family during her childhood. It was cause for youthful introspection. Fannie Mae’s parents, Herbert and Mattie Brinson Bragg, grew up in the rural outskirts of Fort Deposit in Lowndes County, Alabama, where, as children, they worked the cotton fields. When they married, they became tenant farmers. Like most parents, they wanted to ensure that their three children—Frances, Vernon, and Johnny--would have their chance in life. Heading west, they settled in a rural Black community near Luther, Oklahoma, again as tenant farmers. Fannie Mae was born there on July 5, 1918. Herb and Selena were born soon after. Unlike her older siblings, Fannie Mae did not bear the historic imprint of Southern culture steeped in enslavement. Instead, the thriving Black community of frontier Oklahoma’s agrarian society influenced her childhood. The Braggs’ cash crop was cotton, but the family also had fruit trees and raised vegetables, which they sold at their roadside stand. Herbert taught Fannie Mae how to make change and to treat every customer with respect. Before she was old enough to attend school, she already understood running a small business, interacting with the public, and setting prices that provided a reasonable profit margin. BLACK HISTORY BULLETIN VOL. 83, NO. 2 (EXTENDED DIGITAL VERSION) | 69 83 No.2 Fannie Mae’s parents provided structure and expected their children to uphold family standards. They also wanted to enrich their youngsters’ lives culturally. The Braggs were successful enough that Herbert bought a piano for the family, and their home became the entertainment center for Luther’s rural Black community. Ladies of the church taught Fannie’s sister Frances how to play, and on weekends, young Fannie Mae’s front porch became the place for neighborhood songfests. Enchanted by gospel music and surrounded by attentive neighbors that her parents welcomed into their home, Fannie Mae developed a sense of identity and belonging in the...
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