Local Government Efforts Research Articles

Causes and Consequences of Local Government Efforts to Reduce Risk and Adapt to Extreme Weather Events: Municipal Organizational Robustness

This research article investigates the causes and consequences of municipal institutional arrangements for the provision of resilient critical infrastructure in municipalities. The study explains how the municipal organizational robustness and external institutional dynamics moderate the relation between capacities, leadership, and local government investment decisions. We examine hypotheses on moderating effects with regression methods, using data from 345 Chilean municipalities over a nine-year period, and analyzing the evidence with support of qualitative data. Our results reveal that municipal organizational robustness—operational rules, planning, managerial flexibility and integration, and accountability—is the most quantitatively outstanding moderating factor. The evidence leads us to deduce that efforts to support local governments in the emerging policy domain of resilient critical infrastructure require special attention to the robustness of municipal institutional arrangements. The results are valid for countries where the local governments have responsibilities to fulfill and their decisions have consequences for the adaptation. Since one of the objectives of the Special Issue “Bringing Governance Back Home—Lessons for Local Government Regarding Rapid Climate Action” is to explore how action is enabled or constrained by institutional relations in which the actors are embedded, this study contributes to achieving the goal.

PENGEMBANGAN KAPASITAS (CAPACITY BUILDING) USAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH BIDANG PERTANIAN DI KECAMATAN RANCABUNGUR KABUPATEN BOGOR

Small and Medium Enterprise (Usaha Kecil dan Menengah; UKM) is the backbone of the economy of society, as this sector has accommodated more jobs compared to a large industrial sector. However, the effort of local government in empowering UKM is still not optimal. This issue has become one of the problems for developing the capacity of UKM, particularly the agricultural sector, in Rancabungur District, Bogor Regency. This research aims to describe in-depth the capacity building of this UKM based on the concept developed by UNDP by using a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Here we highlighted three point of the capacity development: the workforce or human resource (HR), the capital (physical dimension), and the technology. The results show that there are some problems in the capacity building of the UKM’s agricultural sector, notably for its workforce capacity development and the difficulty to access the capital weather for financing or supporting the facilities and infrastructures of the UKM. Moreover, we found that the UKM has a lack of ability for its technology development, notably for its ability to access the information technology and the availability of communication network.
 Keywords: Capacity Building; Small and Medium Enterprise

Penyuluhan Peraturan Daerah Kalimantan Timur No 7 Tahun 2019 Tentang Adaptasi dan Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim


 East Kalimantan Province is very vulnerable to climate change, so it needs policies and strategies in managing climate change impacts through adaptation and mitigation actions. So it is necessary to stipulate local regulations on climate change adaptation and mitigation. Management of climate change in East Kalimantan is one of the local government's efforts in providing guarantees to the community to get a quality living environment. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide understanding to residents regarding East Kalimantan Regional Regulation No. 7 of 2019 concerning climate change adaptation and mitigation. The method of implementing this community service activity is in the form of counseling and discussion of East Kalimantan Regional Regulation No. 7 of 2019 concerning climate change adaptation and mitigation.
 
 Based on the results of community service activities related to the extension of East Kalimantan Regional Regulation No. 7 of 2019 regarding climate change adaptation and mitigation, it was concluded that many people still do not know about the regional regulation. Efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change are not only the responsibility of the Government, but also the responsibility of the DPR. The DPR's climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts can be carried out through the implementation of its three functions, namely the budget function, the supervisory function, and the legislative function. Every stakeholder, including the community, must mitigate and adapt to climate change, because adaptation and mitigation is the key to addressing climate change, which is the key to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing carbon stocks to reduce the impact of climate change. The active role of the regional government in formulating policies related to climate change is a must, the policy is expected to be a direction for stakeholders in East Kalimantan.

New frontiers in local government community engagement: Towards transformative place-based futures

In the face of uncertainty and rapid change, how governments at all scales remain valued by society will depend on their ability to connect meaningfully, respond to challenges collaboratively, and co-design approaches with the community. However, tensions exist between the legislative obligations of local government organisations and meeting the rapidly growing needs of diverse communities, while simultaneously navigating the complexities of rapid change. Despite the efforts of local governments to obtain broad and representative input through community engagement processes, communities feel they have limited influence on decision-making processes. Further, Australian trust indices show declining levels of trust between the community, government and large institutions. So how can better community engagement practice be cultivated, evidenced, and continue to evolve to respond in increasingly complex contexts?Presenting a case study in the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia, this article explores how a local government organisation is developing an innovative model of excellence in community engagement in collaboration with a regional university. Grounded in a place-based approach to community engagement, the innovation of this emerging model couples futures studies approaches to co-design locally appropriate responses to navigate increasing uncertainty and change.Drawing on literature from community engagement, participatory governance, futures studies and university-community partnerships, this article outlines a research agenda that explores how communities can strengthen their social and economic potential through place-based and futures thinking approaches.

Many U.S. Cities Severely Underreport Their CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions

Although unintentional, these errors may undercut local government efforts to tackle climate change.

Collaborative Governance dalam Tata Kelola Pariwisata-Desa (Studi Pariwisata-Desa “Bumiaji Agrotourism” di Kota Wisata Batu)

The objective of this research is examines the role of collaborative governance in rural tourism development, especially in the tourist area of "Bumiaji Agrotourism" in Tourist City of Batu. The rapid development of tourism in Batu is still dominated by the artificial tourism destinations, often the highlight in relation to the equitable distribution of welfare and sustainability of tourist development. Until today, the efforts of local governments and communities by presenting a variety of new icon types of community-based tourism destinations in Batu City do not provide assurance that tourism will remain exsist and suistain due to resource limitations in each actor. In accordance with Good Tourism Governance (GTG), tourism management efforts can no longer be charged only to one of the actors. Collaborative governance approach can be used as an alternative solution, especially in rural tourism development in Tourist City of Batu to strengthen the character of tourist destinations as well as tourism network buildings.

The Effectiveness of Crime Prevention with Corporal Punishment in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam

The enactment of corporal punishment in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam is one of the efforts of local government in realizing Islamic society. This corporal punishment is one of the alternatives for national criminal law policy in preventing crime which keeps increasing. This research aims to identify the background, implementation, and effectiveness of the corporal punishment in Qanun No. 14 Year 2003 for crime prevention and establishment of Islamic society in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province. This research is the field research, in Banda Aceh City, with the normative and empirical juridical approaches. Primary, secondary, and tertiary data sources were obtained through the field and document studies related to the topic of research using the content of qualitative descriptive analysis in which the instrument of research is the researcher. This research shows the result that implementation of the corporal punishment in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam is still limited to the caning as one of the criminal sanctions, particularly in handling the case of khalwat (close proximity). However, the implementation of corporal punishment, in this case, has a quite effective role in the process of establishing an Islamic society in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam.

Analysis of Motorcycle Parking Charges in the Klaten City Shopping Area

The implementation of regional autonomy adheres to the principle that financial sources originating from Regional Original Income (PAD) are more critical than sources outside PAD. Therefore, adequate financial sources are needed to finance the implementation of regional autonomy, one of which is through regional levies. One of the sources of revenue from sizeable regional user fees is parking fees. This sector is one of the essential sources of revenue because it always develops and develops an area (city). If it is appropriately managed, it can support PAD. This study aims to determine the number of potential parking fees in the shopping area of Klaten City and find strategies to optimize the potential for parking fees through surveys, observations, mathematical calculations, and comparative techniques to obtain an overview of the potential and conditions of the parking location. The results obtained include: 1) The potential for parking fees is currently Rp. 2,090,880,000.00 2) The efforts of local governments in increasing parking fees are not optimal 3) Strategies that can be used to increase parking fees can be done by establishing new regulations so that new potential the resulting amount will be IDR 2,471,040,000.00. Based on these findings, this research is expected to be a reference for the Klaten City government in optimizing the potential for parking fees; Besides, it is hoped that this research can enrich previous scientific findings related to parking fees.

Local Government and Community Efforts in the Development of Kalaodi Agrotourism, Tidore Archipelago City, Indonesia

This research aimed to examine the development of Kalaodi Agrotourism, the development of tourism facilities in the Kalaodi Agrotourism area, and the development of human resources in the tourism sector carried out by local governments and communities. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach, and it used an interactive model as the data analysis technique. The results showed that Kalaodi had many kinds of tourism wealth, specifically, in the form of nature, agro, and cultural tourism. The Kalaodi community had the will and enthusiasm to develop tourism objects in their area. There were various public transportation facilities such as roads, good sanitation, electricity facilities, and communication facilities even though Kalaodi was a village located far from the central government and urban areas. In addition, the Kalaodi community had developed human resource development programs, such as the creation of literacy houses, the formation of art galleries, English language training, and home industry product development training. In developing agrotourism, the collaboration between the local government and the community is needed, both in the development of tourist objects and tourism support facilities. Keywords: Development, Kalaodi Agrotourism, Tidore

“Rugged individualism” and collective (in)action during the COVID-19 pandemic

“Rugged individualism”—the combination of individualism and anti-statism—is a prominent feature of American culture with deep roots in the country’s history of frontier settlement. Today, rugged individualism is more prevalent in counties with greater total frontier experience (TFE) during the era of westward expansion. While individualism may be conducive to innovation, it can also undermine collective action, with potentially adverse social consequences. We argue that America’s frontier culture hampered responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Across U.S. counties, greater TFE is associated with less social distancing and mask use as well as weaker local government effort to control the virus. We argue that frontier culture lies at the root of several more proximate explanations for the weak collective response to public health risks, including a lack of civic duty, partisanship, and distrust in science.

Health in all policies for rural and remote health: A role for Australian local governments?

AbstractThe role of local government in improving public health has been given legislative recognition in some Australian states. There is growing evidence of the positive role this statutory recognition has given to align local government efforts with state government health policy. Health in All Policies (HiAP) is a comprehensive approach to integrating public health, promoting components into a range of traditional local policies such as those relating to housing, transport and water. While much of the work internationally in HiAP has focused on urban populations, we argue that there are opportunities for rural and remote Australian local governments to use HiAP to respond to disparities in health outcomes amongst rural and remote Australian communities. We examine the Australian experiences with HiAP, the role for local governments and the future challenges and opportunities around the use of a HiAP approach to improve community health outcomes in rural and remote Australian communities.

PEMENUHAN LUASAN HUTAN KOTA SEBAGAI PENCEGAH MASALAH LINGKUNGAN DI SURABAYA

AbstractEnvironmental problems in urban areas are a problem that never stops. That every community needs a healthy life, but this seems difficult to become a reality for urban communities because the population continues to increase every year so that land conversion occurs which results in increased air and water pollution. Therefore, the central government hopes that each region or region can provide RTH 30% of the city area. The purpose of this study is to analyze the enforcement of the City Forest Regulations in Surabaya and to find out the efforts of local governments in fulfilling urban forest land in urban areas. This study uses a normative juridical method. As part of RTH, the development of urban forests in Surabaya is very much needed by the community, therefore cooperation between the government and the community is needed in the management and development of urban forests. Fulfillment of urban forest areas in Surabaya can be done by maximizing the form of urban forest that has been regulated based on the City Forest Regulation, either in the form of channels, groups or scattered.Keywords: city forest; green open space; urbanAbstrakMasalah lingkungan hidup diwilayah perkotaan merupakan masalah yang tak kunjung berakhir. Bahwa setiap masyarakat membutuhkan hidup sehat, namun hal tersebut seolah sulit menjadi kenyataan bagi masyarakat perkotaan yang disebabkan karena jumlah penduduk yang tiap tahun meningkat sehingga terjadi pengalihfungsian lahan yang berakibat pada semakin meningkatnya pencemaran udara maupun pencemaran air. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah pusat mengharapkan bagi setiap wilayah atau daerah menyediakan RTH 30% dari luasan kota. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa pemberlakuan Perda Hutan Kota di Surabaya serta mengetahui upaya pemerintah daerah dalam memenuhi lahan hutan kota pada wilayah perkotaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Sebagai bagian dari RTH, pengembangan hutan kota di Surabaya sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat oleh karenanya diperlukan kerjasama antara pemerintah dengan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan dan pengembangan hutan kota. Pemenuhan luasan hutan kota di Surabaya dapat dilakukan dengan mamaksimalkan bentuk dari hutan kota yang telah diatur berdasarkan pada Perda Hutan Kota, yakni dapat dengan bentuk jelaur, mengelompok maupun menyebar.

前書：地方自治体のエネルギー・環境事業に関する取り組み ―福島県を中心に―

前書：地方自治体のエネルギー・環境事業に関する取り組み ―福島県を中心に―

Research on the Evolution of Collusion between Government and Civil Construction Enterprises in Environmental Regulation

Polluting civil construction enterprises usually use the way of "voting with their feet" to exert influence on the efforts of local government's environmental regulation, promote the formation of collusion between government and enterprises, and make the local government relax the supervision on the emission behavior of civil construction enterprises. Based on the Tibert model, this paper uses the evolutionary game method to study the collusion between government and enterprises in the cross regional migration of civil construction enterprises and its prevention. The results show that: when the civil construction enterprises comply with the production, the local government's optimal strategy is non collusion strategy; similarly, when the local government is not willing to collude, the non-collusion choice of civil construction enterprises will get higher benefits than collusion. In addition, the cost of civil construction enterprises transferring between different regions, the loss caused by the collusion between civil construction enterprises and local governments, and the probability of local government violations being found can effectively prevent the collusion between local governments and civil construction enterprises.

MULTIDISCIPLINARY FEATURES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE POLICY OF DEVELOPMENT OF EXTRACURRICULAR EDUCATION AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

In the article the author analyzes the state educational policy on the out-of-school system at the regional level and focuses on the importance of out-of-school education as an important component of the educational system of each region and Ukraine as a whole. It is noted that in the context of reforming the national educational system, extracurricular activities should become an integral component of the educational structure of each region of the state. The analysis indicates that extracurricular education operates in different educational areas, and interest classes protect the child from the negative social impact of the street, sometimes from the negative impact of the family, excessive fascination with social networks and the Internet in general. The author emphasizes the importance of supporting local governments and public authorities in the activities and development of out-of-school education in the transformation of the educational sector of Ukraine, the use of new methods and approaches to the functioning of out-of-school. Highlights extracurricular activities as an educational field that plays an important role in the education of student youth, which is designed to create conditions for social development and creative self-realization of children, promotes their social security and professional orientation, prevention of negative manifestations in youth. It is noted that it is at the regional level that it is necessary to create appropriate conditions for the development of the industry as an effective intellectually rich environment in the educational regional space. The article emphasizes the importance of actions of local governments as founders of out-of-school education institutions and bodies that provide affordable and high-quality out-of-school education in the region. A positive result of extracurricular education can be achieved if the efforts of public authorities and local governments, as well as educational institutions and the public sector.

Evaluation of efficiency of sectoral-spatial structural transformations in the economies of cities in the Western region of Ukraine

The author’s understanding of evaluating the efficiency of sectoral-spatial transformations in the municipal economy on the sub-regional level (in the city-administrative district system, as a prototype of an urbanized area, municipal territorial community) is outlined based on statistical and dynamic approaches. The cities of oblast significance are grouped by the level of economic activity in the districts of their localization, and concentration increase paces and sectoral proportions of a city’s economy in the district are determined based on the detected patterns of sectoral-spatial transformations. The vectors of dynamics of economic transformations in cities and districts are specified in the context of opportunities to generate the polycentric system of municipal network development on the macroregional level (the Western region of Ukraine). The paper proves that in 2012-2019, most cities of oblast significance of the macroregion increased the level of economic activity concentration in the district with various paces, thus emphasizing the need to develop a differentiated policy of structural modernization of municipal economy based on the scales of economic and transformational capacities of a city, efficient use of economic transformation tools, and consolidation of efforts of local governments and local executive authorities. The ways to improve the capacity of a city to impact the socio-economic development of a municipal territorial community through strengthening the mechanisms of cooperation and strategic and spatial planning between territorial communities are suggested. The conclusions on the prevailing monocentric nature of the development of a city on a subregional level, the need to strengthen the conditions to generate the functional and morphological policentricity, and the need to improve statistical framework at the level of cities and territorial communities are emphasized.

Nexus between economic growth and foreign private investment: Evidence from Pakistan economy

This study examines the impact of economic growth along with taxes, technology, trade openness and exchange rate on the sustainability of foreign private investment (FPI) in Pakistan. This study uses random effects and generalized least squares estimators and contains data set starting from 1996 to 2017. The results indicate that the Pakistan economy has vastly positive influenced regarding the location and choice of emerging and developed countries’ investment in the domestic market. Furthermore, emerging and developed economies investment increases the contribution among domestic firms to the national economy. The results, which are consistent across models, indicate that Pakistan’s economy is more likely to receive FPI from emerging and developed economies, but the relative intensity of local government efforts, regardless of economic size. Moreover, an increase in likelihood will generate FPI from developed countries.

An Impact of New Technologies on Cropping Pattern in the Eastern Hills of Nepal

This abstract starts with the purpose of the study of the impact of using new technologies on cropping pattern particularly in the case of the Eastern hills. It also examines the role of governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations to improve agricultural systems of this area. Relevant data have been obtained from both primary and secondary sources. It draws on the data collected from interview, focus group discussion, key informant survey, and field observation. For this, 30 percent sample households were selected from three altitude belts such as upper, middle and lower, ranging from 300 to 2,250 masl along the Koshi-highway. It has a wide range of climates, ranging from sub-tropical to alpine with monsoon precipitation in the summer for three and half months, and therefore it has diversity in flora and fauna and people. Similarly, secondary data have been collected from various books, journals and official records.
 This paper has showed that the crucial impact of acceptance of innovative methods in agriculture in the study area is a joint effort of local people, government, and non-government agencies too. The government with the development agencies and non-government organizations has contributed to impart knowledge of the agriculture innovative methods to the local farmers. At the same time, the farmers were enthusiastic to learn and adopt those methods. Consequently, one can easily see the remarkable changes in cropping pattern due to the impact of such innovations. The cereal crops based on agricultural system is gradually moving towards high value off-season crops farming.

The Local Government Efforts in Promoting the Development of Tourism Area of Pari Island, DKI Jakarta

As one of the countries that has rich natural potential, Indonesia is an archipelago country that has extraordinary natural potential. Therefore, to ensure maximum efforts from the implementation of these efforts, a regulation was formed whereby the Central Government authorizes the Regional Government to maximize its potential. the. . The development of national tourism which is quite good in the last five years provides opportunities for each region that has the potential to further develop and maximize all the potential of its region. This then provides an opportunity for the government to build concrete steps in developing an area that originally had potential in the end. can be used to encourage the area to become a tourist area, where these conditions have an impact on the community in the area. The purpose of writing this article is to find out the efforts of the local government in building community welfare through the development of tourist areas on Pari Island. The method used in this writing is a qualitative descriptive type. Data collection techniques in the form of documentation study, observation and in-depth interviews. By taking informants using purposive sampling. The results obtained are that the government has made various efforts to develop the tourism area on Pari Island.

Trends in the development of inclusive education in Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to identify trends in the development of inclusive education in Ukraine and related challenges. Their understanding and consideration in the formation of educational policy will contribute to a more successful process of its implementation. To achieve this goal, the method of desk research was used. It is established that at present the main trends in the implementation of an inclusive approach in education are the focus on the development of a multi-track model, a significant increase in special and inclusive classes of secondary schools and students who study there, decrease in the number of special educational institutions. Difficulties in implementation of inclusive approach in education are associated with the lack of a common understanding of inclusive education, the imperfection of the regulatory framework, the institutional weakness of the newly established amalgamated territorial communities which are responsible for the introduction of inclusive approach at the local level, the uncoordinated efforts of state and local governments, poor material and technical resources of educational institutions, lack of qualified teachers prepared to work with children in conditions of inclusive education.