Local Government Administration Research Articles

THE ROLE OF PPAT IN PROVIDING SOCIAL AND PUBLIC FACILITIES FOR SEPARATION OF LAND RIGHTS CERTIFICATES

The obligation to hand over public facilities (fasum) and social facilities (fasos) by developers to local governments has been regulated through regulations from the central government. Beginning with the enactment of Law no.26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning, which was followed by Government Regulation (PP) No. 15 of 2010 concerning the Implementation of Spatial Planning, and in the City of Tangerang, PPAT has not involved PPAT in the formation of Regional Regulations for the City of Tangerang, thus causing new problems. This research uses descriptive socio-legal which is strengthened by prescriptive interpretation analysis, which is a method of finding law by interpreting/interpreting/prescriptive and writing based on secondary data and conducting interviews. The results of this study indicate that licensing in the administration of local government can be developed as one of the authorities of local governments whose implementation is reflected in the legal actions of regional heads, both on the basis of laws and regulations and in responding to the principles of good governance. The obligation to hand over public facilities (fasum) and social facilities (fasos) by developers to local governments has been regulated through regulations from the central government and in Tangerang City has not involved PPAT in the formation of Tangerang City Regional Regulations, so that in Tangerang the local regulations seem not to be implemented, causing various new problems

Chiefs as Agents of Change in Kenya: An Examination of Roles of Pioneer Colonial Chiefs in Gem Location, Siaya County, Kenya (1890-1963)

The positions and responsibilities of District officers (Dos), District Commissioners (DCs), and Provincial Commissioners (PCs) have been widely recognized as integral components of the administrative apparatus aimed at establishing colonial rule in various colonies. However, there has been an expectation for African colonial chiefs to exhibit distinct behavior, deviating from the norm. African Chiefs should have fully endorsed the aspirations of their relatives and community members, particularly in their pursuit of political autonomy and socioeconomic advancement. Due to their failure to adhere to this practice, some chiefs have been stigmatized as vociferous accomplices of the European colonial powers, as well as despots, opportunists, traditionalists, fraudsters, and oppressors of their own populace. However, it is important to note that chiefs had a more extensive role and impact than what has been mentioned thus far. During that period, it is evident that they played significant roles in shaping the political and socio-economic development of their own societies. The focus of this study pertains to the involvement and significance of chiefs within the context of colonial local government administration in Gem locality, Siaya County, Kenya, during the period spanning from 1900 to 1962. Insufficient research has been conducted on the role of local government chiefs in colonial local government administration within the context of Gem history. Consequently, there is a pressing need for rigorous scholarly investigation in this particular area. The Chiefs in the Gem location played a significant role in the establishment and expansion of colonial rule in central Nyanza. However, this study aimed to investigate the process of identifying and recruiting these chiefs, the nature of their responsibilities, the challenges they encountered, and the overall impact of their activities on the Luo community in Gem. The research employed a qualitative methodology for both data gathering and analysis. The research methodology employed a range of instruments, namely library resources, archive materials, and oral interviews. These instruments were selected with careful consideration of factors such as reliability, validity, and ethical considerations. The primary theoretical framework employed in this study was Lugard's theory of indirect rule, as proposed in 1922. The function of chiefs in Gem within the context of colonial local administration has been widely recognized as crucial. These leaders enjoyed considerable privileges and protection, although their authority was greatly limited because to the conflicting and ambiguous positions they held. Moreover, through engaging in collaborative endeavors, chiefs play a pivotal role in driving the systematic progress within central Nyanza and among the clans in Gem. This work holds significance as it adds to the current body of knowledge and expands the understanding of the history of central Nyanza, with a specific focus on the Gem community.

The Existence of the Rights of Indigenous People in the Implementation of Regional Autonomy

The authority of regional autonomy enables those in power to adjust and supervise their administrative regulations in their respective areas on behalf of the central government, and regional higher-ups along with DPRD and their regional officers are the executor of that regulation. The research objective is to examine and analyze how natives' rights are construed legally on a national and international level, as well as how their protection can be used as a tool for participation in the enforcement of regional autonomy. It also aims to derive a conclusion regarding the role of natives’ rights in enforcing regional autonomy. Several methods such as statutory, conceptual, historical, case, and comparative approach are used in a form of normative legal research. The results showed (1) The concept of natives in both international and international indigenous law are applied, which is more focused on the international law, (2) Strictly speaking, there is no recognition and regulation of the natives’ rights in national legal instruments to support their role and cultural existence to be involved into governmental programs and projects, (3) The involvement of these natives in the administration of local government is not yet optimal, including the recognition of customary government organizational structures.

Regional Planning Framework for Addressing Flood Vulnerability of a Metropolitan Region: The Case of Malappuram, Kerala, India

Flood susceptibility is becoming increasingly important among the various natural disasters in terms of environmental, economic, and social consequences. The eco-regional planning approach, which incorporates the ecological boundary as a layer in the spatial planning process of settlements, is one of the most innovative concepts in recent research to address these problems. Hence, this research interrogated flood susceptibility mapping tools using an appropriate model for better settlement planning and management. A frequency ratio model was applied to a case region, Malappuram (in the State of Kerala, India), one of the world’s fastest urbanizing metropolitan regions, using a three-tier assessment framework. A frequency ratio database for flood susceptibility mapping was created by combining historic flood locations with independent factors. The study region was divided into five flood-risk zones based on the computed flood susceptibility index, which varied from 0 to 18.38, i.e., very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. The results showed that the high and very high susceptibility classes accounted for 8.82% and 17.17% of the land, respectively. This paper highlights the requirement for a multi-level assessment of an ecologically oriented regional planning regime in India and estimates the success rate of flood prediction at 79.33%. The proposed regional planning framework is therefore essential for local government planners, researchers, and administrators when creating flood mitigation measures, and has the potential to become a substantial and essential instrument.

An evaluation of the challenges and the effectiveness of effective local government administration in Nigeria: The way forward

Local government was created to provide certain statutory services that may be local in nature; it is believed that it is the level most suitable for that because of its proximity to the grassroots. But since Nigeria’s Fourth Republic, discharging their responsibilities effectively have been a big challenge to the local governments. This paper, therefore, seeks to evaluate the challenges that have been preventing the local government from achieving its responsibilities effectively and proffer solutions. To achieve this, the researcher adopted Content Analysis as its methodology where it reviewed the works of other researchers and writers and arrived at a conclusion based on their views and opinions. The research work concluded that most of the challenges being experienced at the local government level in Nigeria is as a result of the contradictions and ambiguities in the hastily compiled 1999 Constitution by the retreating military government of Gen. Abdulsalami Abubakar. Some of the recommendations include the need to review the sections of the 1999 Constitution that dealt with local government in order to guarantee autonomy to that tier of government. Again, there is the need to abolish the State Joint Local Government Accounts as state governors have been diverting funds meant for development at the local government to other areas. Local government service should be made attractive like the federal and state service to attract qualitative manpower that will engender effectiveness and socio-economic development at that tier of government.

Unpacking decentralization failures in promoting popular participation in the Ketu South Municipality of Ghana

Decentralization of governance across the globe, especially in sub-Saharan Africa was precipitated by the need to ensure the participation of the citizenry in the development planning and implementation at the local level. This is to ensure that local problems are identified by those affected and remedied through policies formulated through the participation of the citizenry at the local level. In line with this, subnational government authorities were created at the local level to ensure effective local government administration. Against this backdrop, this study investigated the challenges hindering the active participation of the citizenry in local governance in the Ketu South Municipality of the Volta Region of Ghana. A qualitative research design was adopted. The study purposively selected thirty-five (35) participants in the study area for the purposes of its primary data collection through interviews. This study investigated the fact that citizens were expected to participate in local governance through community engagement forums, budgeting, and financial planning, medium-term development planning, preparation of annual action plans, and participation in district level elections. The results of the study showed that low participation of the citizenry in local government is attributable to citizens’ lack of information and education on the need for local-level participation, inadequate political structures of the Metropolitan Municipal and District Assemblies, and inadequate resources at the local government level. To ensure and promote the active participation of the citizenry at the local level, there is the need to educate the citizenry, and ensure that there are adequate and sufficient resources at the local level.

Disaster Management Policy Analysis At the Regional Disaster Management Agency BPBD Palu City

Palu City is one of the regions in Indonesia with a level of vulnerability to various natural disasters. One of the policies that regulate disaster management is Law No. 24 of 2007 concerning disaster management, and Palu city regional regulation No. 5 of 2011 concerning the implementation of disaster management. The implementation of disaster management is a crucial stage in the public policy process. The implementation of disasters in the city of Palu is carried out by BPBD which was formed based on regional regulations. BPBD is a supporting element of the duties of the Regent / Mayor in the administration of local government in the field of disaster management, led by a head of the agency under the responsibility of the regent / mayor. The method used in this study is qualitative with a descriptive approach, where the data source comes from primary data (direct interviews with informants) and secondary data from the results of review documents related to disaster management. From the results of the analysis of disaster management policies in Bandan Regional Disaster Management BPBD Palu city has not been implemented effectively. This is because of the four indicators used as measuring instruments, namely communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure, there are only two indicators that have been implemented well, namely disposition and communication. While the other two indicators have not been implemented properly

Ethnolinguistic diversity, quality of local public institutions, and firm-level innovation

Institutional quality is crucial for innovation and economic growth. In this article, we exploit historical linguistic differences across Slovenian municipalities between the Italian, German, and Slovenian-speaking population prior to World War 1, as a plausible exogenous source of variation in firm-level innovation to estimate the effect of institutional quality on innovation. Employing a set of limited dependent variable and instrumental variable models, we show that greater historical exposure to multilingualism is associated with markedly better quality of government and provision of public goods, more impartial local government administration, and lower prevalence of corruption, which in turn predicts systematically more vibrant economic activity, greater economic complexity, and higher rates of firm-level innovation at the local level. The estimated effects are robust to a variety of specification checks and do not appear to be sensitive to the choice of ethnic and linguistic diversity measures.

Measuring the efficiency of administrative divisions in combating the COVID‐19 pandemic in Taiwan: an empirical study

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic continues to have a substantial impact on the economies and livelihoods of all countries. Central and local government administrators are facing a critical issue of resource utilization efficiency due to their limited resources. This paper employs data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the concept of an assurance region (AR) to assess the relative efficiency of administrative divisions in Taiwan, whose effectiveness has been praised by other countries’ administrators and citizens, regarding COVID‐19 pandemic prevention and control. The input factors used were the cumulative number of deaths (an undesirable factor) and expenditures, and the output factors were the average number of unconfirmed citizens aged 65 and older, the average number of unconfirmed citizens aged 0–64, and the cumulative number of vaccinations. Notably, because there are many COVID‐19 variants with different characteristics, reaching a consensus AR among experts is difficult. Thus, different ARs were compared, and the most representative AR was identified for subsequent analysis. The main findings show that only Kaohsiung City was efficient, and Taipei City was the third worst due to inefficient operations. In addition, the administrative divisions were classified into four groups using cluster analysis based on the decomposition of aggregate efficiency to the contributions of the three outputs. The findings presented in this paper serve as a reference for both local government administrators and citizens, offering insights into relative efficiency and improvement directions. Moreover, they also provide guidance for resource allocation, future strategy adjustment, and development for central government administrators and citizens worldwide.

Signal Fires: The Use of Diversity Value Signaling in Local Government Job Advertisements Following the Summer of Racial Reckoning

Following the events of the summer of 2020, public and private sector organizations have engaged in a variety of actions related to promoting, valuing, and celebrating diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). Perhaps due to their role as direct providers of public safety, local governments are along the front lines of DEI efforts and values. Using a novel dataset of International City/County Management Association job advertisements from July 1, 2020–November 1, 2020, this article examines why some local hiring authorities utilize DEI signaling language in their job advertisements while others do not. Results indicate that both external and internal characteristics are associated with diversity value signaling in local government administrations.

Auditor quality analysis of audit findings in Timor-Leste

This study aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the quality of auditors obtained from audit findings and the performance of local government apparatus in producing audit findings at the Central Government Inspectorate. The research method used is a descriptive verification method with SPSS 2.0. The results of the study show that auditor quality has a significant effect on audit findings. This proves that a qualified auditor in disclosing audit findings requires professional expertise and skills in carrying out his duties. And the results of research on audit findings have a poor performance impact on local government administration. This indicates that the fewer the number of audit findings found, the better the performance of local government administration. In other words, the fewer problems or violations found during the audit process, the better the performance of the local government.

Two Approaches to Organizational Conflict Management

Purpose: On the one hand, to characterize two approaches to managing organizational conflicts, i.e. classical and turquoise ones, and to compare their features, and on the other – their initial empirical verification, i.e. to analyze their application in a large local government administration office. Design/methodology/approach: The theoretical characteristics of both considered approaches were developed based on a comparative analysis of the literature on the subject. The basic tools of the empirical research were two questionnaires addressed to managers employed in the considered office, necessary to identify their approaches to managing organizational conflicts. Findings: As a result, a comparative analysis of both considered approaches to conflicts, i.e. traditional and turquoise ones, was made and the extent to which they are used in the analyzed office was assessed. Research limitations/implications: Narrow scope of empirical research. Originality/value: It may be expected that the author’s original analysis will contribute to a comprehensive explanation of the features of both approaches as well as to a remarkable improvement of the conflict management processes in practice.

Local Government Administration in Nigeria and Pakistan: A Cross-Cultural Content Analysis

This paper represent a modest attempt geared toward a cross-cultural comparative analysis of the local government systems in Nigeria and Pakistan with the view to diagnose and brings to limelight key areas of administrative divergences and convergences for the effectiveness and betterment of both systems. The paper is purely descriptive and content analytical in which secondary data such as journals, books and online materials were used. The results showed that the local government systems in Nigeria and Pakistan share a lot of similarities and differences in terms of their evolution, functions, political and administrative structures, organs, finances, reforms for instance, modern local governments in Nigeria and Pakistan evolved during the colonial epoch when the British government colonized both countries. The diagnosis also reveals number of encumbrances such as inadequate funding and lack of autonomy which have individually and collectively continue to constitute hindrances to the effectiveness of local democracy in both countries. The paper amongst others, recommended restructuring of local governments, giving them adequate as well as granting them an unconditional political, administrative and financial autonomy as this can revamped and strengthen the institutions thereby making them more effective in delivering local democracy.

PRINCIPLES OF ENTRUSTING THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT WITH TASKS RELATED TO THE PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA

The purpose of the publication is to analyze the principles of entrusting a local government service unit with tasks related to the provision of services involving the protection of personal data. The need to consider this issue results from the fact that local government units may freely adjust the scope of joint service provided by the service units, depending on their needs. An exemplary catalog of the types of tasks that may be covered by joint service enables the ongoing creation of solutions that respond to new phenomena and needs emerging in local government administration, including technical solutions. This is confirmed by the expression in particular used by the legislator in the local government acts. It should be assumed that the scope of joint service provided by local government service units is open, and therefore it also allows entrusting this entity with tasks in the field of personal data protection, whose administrators or processors are serviced units.

Impact of performance evaluation system on employee performance in Nigeria local government administration: A Study of Ukwuani local government administration of Delta State Nigeria

The study investigated the impact of performance evaluation system on employee performance in Nigeria Local Government Administration: A study of Ukwuani Local Government Administration (LGA) of Delta State, Nigeria. The research looked at impact of performance evaluation system such as Established Performance Standards (EPS), Communicating Performance Expectation (CPE), Measuring Actual Performance of Employee Based on Established Standards (MAPEBES), Discussion on Evaluation Result and Giving Feedback, (DERGF) and Decision Making(DM) on Employee Performance of LGA in Nigeria. The study used survey research design to collect data from targeted respondents. A total sample size of 195 was determined using Yaro Yamane's formula. The data was analyzed using simple percentages, descriptive statistics and correlation matrix was used to determine relationship that exists between the independent and dependent variables. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis through SPSS 23. The study discovers that EPS, CPE, MAPEBES, DERGF and DM has significant and positive effect on employee performance in LGA in Nigeria. The study recommended that LGA in Nigeria should uphold and magnify their established standards so as to bring about better employee performance. LG top managers should be able to relate how well their staff is doing on the task assign to them as this would enable them to build on their areas of weakness. Mechanism should be put in place to evaluate if actually the output of LG staff is in line with established standard and to reward accordingly. Also, the outcome of how well LG staff performed should be related to them so as to bridge noticeable gap in performance. Finally, making of decisions in this level of government should be encompassing and accommodative in order not to slow down performance of the employees.

Wojewoda w procesie politycznych i administracyjnych przemian Polski Ludowej w latach 1944–1950

The article considers the legal status of the voivode in post-war Poland ruined by the Nazi occupation, deprived of its own administrative apparatus (from 1939) and the construction of this position from scratch under new rules dictated by Moscow (from 1944).This periodisation was not matched by the ability to preserve Poland’s administrative apparatus. In occupied Poland, this function was not fulfilled by the highest Polish authorities in exile and their expatriate branches in the country. This opened the way for Moscow (strengthened by an amenable attitude from the Allies) to build the ‘People’s Poland’ (1) with an apparatus of supreme power (in the period before and after the enactment of the February Constitution) and (2) local, decentralised power (from 1944 based on national councils, and until 1950, also based in general administrative bodies – voivodes, starosts and local government administration).The author refers to both spheres of legal activity in the process of constructing this administrative apparatus. In chronological order, she discusses the basic legal acts enacted by the supreme authorities of the time. She focuses her attention primarily on acts directly concerning local administration, with particular emphasis on the institution of the voivode, which from 1944 was incorporated into the system of national councils, following the example of ‘people’s’ states.This analysis enables the conclusion to be drawn that the legal conditions at the time changed the legal status of the voivode, who was nominated by the government (and thus not the head of state). Appointing the voivode required an opinion from the competent national council. The council was empowered with the right of social control over the activities of the voivode. In practice, the influence of the voivodeship national council on the activities of the voivode was weak. The voivode was still the main element in the organisational system of the state’s local administrative apparatus as the representative of the government at the local level, the head of the general (composite) administration and the chairman of the executive body of the local government. The voivode’s competences excluded that of supervising local government bodies. In the years 1945–1949, a different status applied to the governors of the Recovered Territories.

Various Forms of Regional Policy Supervision in the Era of Broad Autonomy

Purpose: 
 Following abolishing all controlling measures except repressive control, decentralisation triggered fundamental changes in local government administration. Tight control may obstruct regions' autonomy and hamper central-regional relations. Proportional control is indispensable for balancing local governments' freedom. All monitoring measures outside Act 32/2004 are unwarranted without improvement of legal instruments at the central government.
 Methodology:
 The method in the given text revolves around the historical analysis and constitutional references to explain the concept of autonomy in the Indonesian regional government system. It highlights the evolution of autonomy from the 1950 Provisional Constitution to the 1945 Constitution amendments, emphasizing the need for autonomy to prevent secessionist tendencies.
 Findings: 
 Supervision in autonomy serves as a crucial control tool, impacting regional freedom and either fostering autonomy or promoting centralization, contingent on the government system. Historical patterns reveal strict centralization in regional policies, limiting regional autonomy.

An Assessment of the Overall Selected Methods and Practices of Local Government Administration in Cross River State, Nigeria

An Assessment of the Overall Selected Methods and Practices of Local Government Administration in Cross River State, Nigeria

Lessons Learned and Challenges of Biopesticide Usage for Locust Management—The Case of China

Using qualitative methods, this study assessed the stakeholders and management processes involved in locust outbreaks in China, including factors influencing the use of biopesticides. Study findings show that China has an integrated national locust response protocol, which involves various institutions from all administrative levels of the government. The process is inherently highly complex but efficient, with multisectoral agencies working closely together to prevent and/or manage locust outbreaks. In addition, the process has been successful in combating recent outbreaks, due to dedicated government funding, decisive administrative and technical actions, and the empowerment of local government administration. This is the case with the county level acting as a ‘first-responder’ that is capacitated financially and technically to respond to a locust invasion in their jurisdiction. Additionally, study findings show that despite the availability of biopesticides in local markets, their use is dampened by inadequate information about market availability, negative perceptions by decision makers about their efficacy, and concerns about their costs, as well as limited knowledge of their application techniques. Actions are therefore needed by relevant authorities to enhance stakeholder awareness of biopesticide market availability, efficacy, and field application processes. Future areas of research should focus on modelling the expected impact and cost effectiveness of chemicals vs. biopesticides, thus increasing the evidence base for promoting biopesticide use.

Problematics and Structuring of the DPRD in Local Government Administration

DPRD is said to be a regional legislative body because it has the authority to make local regulations, several local government laws that have been in force mention that DPRD has a legislative function, similar to the DPR. The filling of positions for DPRD members is also done together with the filling of positions for DPR members in legislative elections. This has created the impression that DPRDs and DPRs are both legislative institutions, even though they are different. To make the difference more significant, there must be a revision/reorganization of the Local Government Law. The purpose of this research is to understand and find out about the problems and structuring of DPRD in the implementation of local government. The type of research used is normative juridical, while the approaches used in this research are three, namely legislative approach, conceptual approach, and historical approach. The results of the research in this journal are that the DPRD as an organizing institution of local government should be regulated in the Local Government Law together with the regional head and not regulated in other laws such as the MD3 Law. The Local Government Law also needs to organize the functions of the DPRD where the first order of functions should be the functions of supervision, budgeting, and the formation of local regulations. This is because DPRDs more often or routinely carry out supervisory functions, rather than budgetary and local regulation formation functions. The filling of the positions of DPRD members is carried out simultaneously with the positions of regional heads, not through elections together with members of the DPR. The nomenclature of DPRDs should also be changed, i.e. Provincial DPRDs should be changed to Provincial Councils, while DPRDs at the Regency/City level should be changed to Regency/City Councils. Suggestions in this research are aimed at making a new law on legislative institutions that does not include provisions on DPRDs, considering that DPRDs are not legislative institutions, but regional government organizing institutions.