Local Dynamics Research Articles

SENGraph: A Self-Learning Evolutionary and Node-Aware Graph Network for Soft Sensing in Industrial Processes.

The last decade has witnessed the growing prevalence of deep models on soft sensing in industrial processes. However, most of the existing soft sensing models are developed to learn from regular data in the Euclidean space, ignoring the complex coupling relations among process variables. On the other hand, graph networks are gaining attraction in handling non-Euclidean relations in industrial data. However, the existing graph networks on soft sensing models still suffer from two major issues: 1) how to capture the intervariable structural relations and intravariable temporal dependencies from dynamic and strongly coupled industrial data and 2) how to learn from nodes with distinctive importance for the soft sensing task. To address these problems, we propose a self-learning evolutionary and node-aware graph network (SENGraph) for industrial soft sensing. We first develop a self-learning graph generation (SLG) module to combine the coarse-and fine-grained graphs to capture the global trend and local dynamics from process data. Then, we build a self-evolutionary graph module (EGM) to obtain diversified node features from the entire graph using mutation and crossover strategies. Finally, we design a node-aware module (NAM) to highlight the informative nodes and suppress the less significant ones to further improve the discriminative ability of the downstream soft sensing. Extensive experimental results and analysis on four real-world industrial datasets demonstrate that our proposed SENGraph model outperforms the existing state-of-the-art (SOTA) soft sensing methods.

Inflammation perturbs hematopoiesis by remodeling specific compartments of the bone marrow niche.

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) are regulated by interactions with stromal cells in the bone marrow (BM) cavity, which can be segregated into two spatially defined central marrow (CM) and endosteal (Endo) compartments. However, the importance of this spatial compartmentalization for BM responses to inflammation and neoplasia remains largely unknown. Here, we extensively validate a combination of scRNA-seq profiling and matching flow cytometry isolation that reproducibly identifies 7 key CM and Endo populations across mouse strains and accurately surveys both niche locations. We demonstrate that different perturbations exert specific effects on different compartments, with type I interferon responses causing CM mesenchymal stromal cells to adopt an inflammatory phenotype associated with overproduction of chemokines modulating local monocyte dynamics in the surrounding microenvironment. Our results provide a comprehensive method for molecular and functional stromal characterization and highlight the importance of altered stomal cell activity in regulating hematopoietic responses to inflammatory challenges.

THE ROLE OF JAVANESE CULTURE ON COMMUNICATION PATTERNS IN THE CAMPUS ENVIRONMENT

This study explores the role of Javanese culture on communication patterns among communication science students in campus environments. Javanese culture, rich in values such as harmony, respect, and empathy, plays a pivotal role in shaping interactions among Javanese communication science students. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data was gathered through observations and in-depth interviews with Javanese communication science students at one of campuses in Java. Findings reveal that Javanese communication science students tend to engage in subtle communication and avoid direct conflicts, reflecting their efforts to maintain harmony in daily interactions. The formal and respectful communication patterns observed in their interactions with professors or senior peers also underscore their reverence for social hierarchies ingrained in Javanese culture. Furthermore, Javanese students demonstrate adeptness in adapting to multicultural environments, adjusting their communication styles without compromising their cultural values. Despite technological advances and the influence of social media, traditional Javanese cultural values persist in their online interactions, indicating cultural resilience amidst modernization. This study highlights the significance of cultural education in preserving Javanese cultural identity among students and enhancing understanding and appreciation of cultural diversity on campus. It provides insights into local cultural dynamics within the context of higher education and its relevance in an increasingly interconnected global era.

Evidence-based educational interventions to reduce intergroup bias among young children in conflict zones

Biases towards conflict out-groups pose significant barriers for conflict resolution. These biases can perpetuate social divisions, hinder positive intergroup relations, and impede long-term peacebuilding efforts. Therefore, intervening early, before biases are fully formed, is necessary. This article reviews existing knowledge and presents a research synthesis of effective educational interventions aimed to improve intergroup attitudes of young children (preschool and elementary school age) living in conflict zones towards the conflict out-group. The literature review includes interventions that have been implemented to address intergroup bias among such children. This review identifies effective strategies in existing literature and highlights areas for further research and development. These interventions provide practical strategies to reduce intergroup bias among children and foster positive intergroup relations; as such, they hold significant implications for educators, practitioners, and policymakers working in conflict zones. However, more longitudinal studies are needed to assess the long-term effects of interventions and their impact on sustained attitude change. Moreover, interventions should be tailored to specific conflict contexts, considering cultural nuances and local dynamics. Overall, the present article may contribute to our understanding of how to effectively intervene and moderate intergroup biases and negative attitudes among children living in conflict contexts before biases become stronger and more fully formed in adulthood.

Observing the two-dimensional Bose glass in an optical quasicrystal

The presence of disorder substantially influences the behaviour of physical systems. It can give rise to slow or glassy dynamics, or to a complete suppression of transport as in Anderson insulators1, where normally extended wavefunctions such as light fields or electronic Bloch waves become exponentially localized. The combined effect of disorder and interactions is central to the richness of condensed-matter physics2. In bosonic systems, it can also lead to additional quantum states such as the Bose glass3,4—an insulating but compressible state without long-range phase coherence that emerges in disordered bosonic systems and is distinct from the well-known superfluid and Mott insulating ground states of interacting bosons. Here we report the experimental realization of the two-dimensional Bose glass using ultracold atoms in an eight-fold symmetric quasicrystalline optical lattice5. By probing the coherence properties of the system, we observe a Bose-glass-to-superfluid transition and map out the phase diagram in the weakly interacting regime. We furthermore demonstrate that it is not possible to adiabatically traverse the Bose glass on typical experimental timescales by examining the capability to restore coherence and discuss the connection to the expected non-ergodicity of the Bose glass. Our observations are in good agreement with recent quantum Monte Carlo predictions6 and pave the way for experimentally testing the connection between the Bose glass, many-body localization and glassy dynamics more generally7,8.

Chaotic Dynamics at the Boundary of a Basin of Attraction via Non-transversal Intersections for a Non-global Smooth Diffeomorphism

In this paper, we give analytic proofs of the existence of transversal homoclinic points for a family of non-globally smooth diffeomorphisms having the origin as a fixed point which come out as a truncated map governing the local dynamics near a critical period three-cycle associated with the Secant map. Using Moser’s version of Birkhoff–Smale’s theorem, we prove that the boundary of the basin of attraction of the origin contains a Cantor-like invariant subset such that the restricted dynamics to it is conjugate to the full shift of N-symbols for any integer N≥2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$N\\ge 2$$\\end{document} or infinity.

Unraveling abnormal collective effects via the non-monotonic number dependence of electron transfer in confined electromagnetic fields.

Strong light-matter coupling within an optical cavity leverages the collective interactions of molecules and confined electromagnetic fields, giving rise to the possibilities of modifying chemical reactivity and molecular properties. While collective optical responses, such as enhanced Rabi splitting, are often observed, the overall effect of the cavity on molecular systems remains ambiguous for a large number of molecules. In this paper, we investigate the non-adiabatic electron transfer process in electron donor-acceptor pairs influenced by collective excitation and local molecular dynamics. Using the timescale difference between reorganization and thermal fluctuations, we derive analytical formulas for the electron transfer rate constant and the polariton relaxation rate. These formulas apply to any number of molecules (N) and account for the collective effect as induced by cavity photon coupling. Our findings reveal a non-monotonic dependence of the rate constant on N, which can be understood by the interplay between electron transfer and polariton relaxation. As a result, the cavity-induced quantum yield increases linearly with N for small N (as predicted by a simple Dicke model) but shows a turnover and suppression for large N. We also interrelate the thermal bath frequency and the number of molecules, suggesting the optimal number for maximizing enhancement. The analysis provides an analytical insight for understanding the collective excitation of light and electron transfer, helping to predict the optimal condition for effective cavity-controlled chemical reactivity.

Geometrical description and Faddeev-Jackiw quantization of electrical networks

In lumped-element electrical circuit theory, the problem of solving Maxwell's equations in the presence of media is reduced to two sets of equations, the constitutive equations encapsulating local geometry and dynamics of a confined energy density, and the Kirchhoff equations enforcing conservation of charge and energy in a larger, topological, scale. We develop a new geometric and systematic description of the dynamics of general lumped-element electrical circuits as first order differential equations, derivable from a Lagrangian and a Rayleigh dissipation function. Through the Faddeev-Jackiw method we identify and classify the singularities that arise in the search for Hamiltonian descriptions of general networks. The core of our solution relies on the correct identification of the reduced manifold in which the circuit state is expressible, e.g., a mix of flux and charge degrees of freedom, including the presence of compact ones. We apply our fully programmable method to obtain (canonically quantizable) Hamiltonian descriptions of nonlinear and nonreciprocal circuits which would be cumbersome/singular if pure node-flux or loop-charge variables were used as a starting configuration space. We also propose a specific assignment of topology for the branch variables of energetic elements, that when used as input to the procedure gives results consistent with classical descriptions as well as with spectra of more involved quantum circuits. This work unifies diverse existent geometrical pictures of electrical network theory, and will prove useful, for instance, to automatize the computation of exact Hamiltonian descriptions of superconducting quantum chips.

Investigating Flow-Induced Corrosion of Magnesium in Ophthalmological Milieu.

Although the impact of local fluid dynamics in the biodegradation of magnesium is well known, currently no studies in the literature address the degradation effects of ocular vitreous on bioresorbable devices made of magnesium, which could be developed as drug delivery carriers. The aim of this study was to investigate the flow-induced corrosion mechanism of magnesium in an ophthalmological environment for future applications in ophthalmic drug delivery. To achieve this, experimental and computational methods were combined. Specifically, a CFD model was employed to design experimental conditions that replicate the ocular flow-induced shear stress (FISS) on manufactured magnesium samples. Pure Mg samples were tested in a bioreactor system capable of imposing the ocular CFD calculated values of FISS on the Mg samples' surface by varying the pump flow rate. Optimal flow rates for a range of different FISS values specific to the ophthalmological fluid dynamics affecting the device were indeed determined before running the experiments. After conducting customized corrosion tests, morphological observations and profilometric maps of the eroded surfaces of Mg samples were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). These maps were then post-processed for the parametric evaluation of corrosion rates. Pre-existing localized superficial defects did affect the final corrosion pattern. SEM images and CLSM data confirmed a uniform corrosion mechanism, with corrosion rates of 1.9, 2.7, and 3.4 μm/day under different shear stress conditions (0, 0.01, and 0.032 Pa, respectively). More generally, uniform corrosion on pure Mg samples increased with higher FISS values, and at higher shear stress values (FISS = 0.032 Pa), a notable washing-out effect of the corrosion products was observed. The removal of corrosion products at higher shear stresses suggests that the dynamic ocular environment, influenced by saccadic movements, plays a significant role in the corrosion mechanism of pure magnesium. The corrosion rates determined in this study, in conjunction with clinical drug release requirements, are crucial for designing potential drug-release devices for ocular applications.

Disruption of bacterial interactions and community assembly in Babesia-infected Haemaphysalis longicornis following antibiotic treatment

BackgroundA previous study highlighted the role of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in the tick microbiota, facilitating the transstadial transmission of Babesia microti from nymph to adult in Haemaphysalis longicornis. This study builds on previous findings by analyzing sequence data from an earlier study to investigate bacterial interactions that could be linked to enhanced transstadial transmission of Babesia in ticks. The study employed antibiotic-treated (AT) and control-treated (CT) Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks to investigate shifts in microbial community assembly. Network analysis techniques were utilized to assess bacterial interactions, comparing network centrality measures between AT and CT groups, alongside studying network robustness and connectivity loss. Additionally, functional profiling was conducted to evaluate metabolic diversity in response to antibiotic treatment.ResultsThe analysis revealed notable changes in microbial community assembly in response to antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic-treated (AT) ticks displayed a greater number of connected nodes but fewer correlations compared to control-treated (CT) ticks, indicating a less interactive yet more connected microbial community. Network centrality measures such as degree, betweenness, closeness, and eigenvector centrality, differed significantly between AT and CT groups, suggesting alterations in local network dynamics due to antibiotic intervention. Coxiella and Acinetobacter exhibited disrupted connectivity and roles, with the former showing reduced interactions in AT group and the latter displaying a loss of connected nodes, emphasizing their crucial roles in microbial network stability. Robustness tests against node removal showed decreased stability in AT networks, particularly under directed attacks, confirming a susceptibility of the microbial community to disturbances. Functional profile analysis further indicated a higher diversity and richness in metabolic capabilities in the AT group, reflecting potential shifts in microbial metabolism as a consequence of antimicrobial treatment.ConclusionsOur findings support that bacterial interaction traits boosting the transstadial transmission of Babesia could be associated with reduced colonization resistance. The disrupted microbial interactions and decreased network robustness in AT ticks suggest critical vulnerabilities that could be targeted for managing tick-borne diseases.

Thickness-Dependent Segmental Dynamics in Supported Thin Films: Insights from a Dynamically Correlated Network Model.

A large body of experimental studies shows that the local dynamics in supercooled liquids are significantly altered by spatial nanoconfinement. In a previous study, we proposed a concept of a dynamically correlated network (DCN) model, which assumes that segments in a supercooled liquid undergo cooperative rearrangements within a network-like cluster. We further demonstrated that a model modified for freestanding thin films can predict for the glass transition dynamics in atactic polystyrene (PS) films consistent with experimental results. In this study, we adapted the model to apply it to supported thin films by introducing a layer of virtual vacant segments at the free surface and virtual anchoring segments at the liquid/substrate interface. The latter segments, carrying a finite number of virtual segments, reduce mobility at the interface. We evaluated the cooperative cluster size and distribution with respect to temperature and film thickness, along with the average relaxation time and glass transition temperature Tg for supported thin films of PS. The model predicted that the thickness dependence of Tg for PS becomes stronger with increasing time scale, and this result agreed well with experimental data across different timescales from pseudothermodynamic and dynamic measurements. The results provide insights into the origin of the dynamical decoupling between pseudothermodynamic and dynamic glass transition behaviors.

Patterns of non‐migratory fish metacommunity from Neotropical floodplains: Local mechanisms, regional scale and hydrological dynamics

AbstractThe spatial distribution of biological communities may be regulated by environmental and spatial processes, and the intensity of these processes depend on the species characteristics, spatial heterogeneity and spatial extent. We investigated the relationship between the non‐migratory fish metacommunity with environmental and spatial variables using the variance partitioning procedure. We used data from lakes of four Neotropical floodplains: Amazon, Araguaia, Pantanal and Paraná. We hypothesised that the processes that drive the spatial distribution of non‐migratory fish in floodplain systems depend on connectivity driven by flood pulse. We predict that spatial variables are less important to explaining the fish community structures during rainy periods when there is no dispersal limitation. In contrast, environmental variables influence these structures during rainy and dry periods. During dry periods, metacommunities depend on species' dispersal abilities, but during rainy and dry periods, spatial distribution depends on the environmental filters selected by each species. For most of the environmental variables, it was possible to observe more similarity in the rainy period. Our results showed different patterns of fish communities for the lakes of the four floodplains systems, which led us to reject our hypothesis. Non‐migratory fish remain in their natal environment and perform only small lateral movements. In this scenario, we found a little influence from spatial variables in both periods and a great contribution of environmental variables for Amazon (16%) and Pantanal (32%) floodplains in structuring fishes' distribution in the rainy period.

Synthesis of base-modified fluorescent furo[3,2-c]coumarin nucleosides and their photophysical studies

A small library of fluorescent furo[3,2-c]coumarin nucleoside analogues has been successfully synthesized via a one-pot condensation reaction of 3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-5-formyl-2′-deoxyuridine, alkyl isocyanides, and differently substituted 4-hydroxycoumarins in acetonitrile at 80 °C. Further, the synthesized compounds have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H–1H COSY, 1H–13C HETCOR, 2D NOESY NMR experiments, HRMS measurements and single crystal X-ray structure analysis of compound 5-(2′'-N-(cyclohexyl)-amino-4′'H-furo[3,2-c]chromen-4-one-3′'-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine. The electronic structure of these modified nucleosides has been examined by Density Functional Theory (DFT). The synthesized nucleoside analogues exhibited a prominent emission spectrum, featuring a band around 500 nm (with excitation at 380 nm). Photophysical investigations revealed a noteworthy fluorescence intensity, along with excellent Stokes shift values (54–194 nm) and higher quantum yields (0.010–0.515) in comparison to other pyrimidine-based fluorescent nucleosides. The solvatochromic studies of 5-(2′'-N-(cyclohexyl)-amino-8′'‑chloro-4′'H-furo[3,2-c]chromen-4-one-3′'-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine determined the quantum yield (ΦF) to be 0.515 in DMSO (λabs = 388 nm). This emphasizes the potential utility of these modified nucleosides in probing the local structure and dynamics of nucleic acids. Moreover, the scalability of the synthesis protocol was effectively demonstrated by producing one of the compounds on a gram scale, exhibiting its practical viability for large-scale production.

Cross-Cultural Management Practices in Multinational Corporations: Enhancing Organizational Effectiveness

Cross-cultural management in multinational corporations (MNCs) has become increasingly vital as organizations expand their operations globally. the significance of effective cross-cultural management practices in enhancing organizational effectiveness and achieving competitive advantage in diverse international markets. theoretical frameworks and empirical studies to identify key challenges and opportunities associated with cross-cultural management in MNCs. It investigates how successful organizations navigate cultural differences, leverage diversity, and promote inclusive leadership to foster innovation, collaboration, and cohesive organizational cultures across borders. Case studies and comparative analyses illustrate best practices and innovative approaches adopted by MNCs to address cross-cultural challenges. the importance of cultural intelligence, communication strategies, and adaptive leadership in managing diverse teams and aligning global strategies with local market dynamics.

Campaign Strategy for the Election of Bojongmalaka Village Head, Baleendah District, Bandung Regency in 2022

This study aims to analyze the campaign strategies implemented in the village head election of Bojongmalaka, Baleendah District, Bandung Regency, in 2022. The village head election is a democratic process that involves active community participation in choosing local leaders who will influence village development. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, involving in-depth interviews with candidates, campaign teams, and local residents, as well as analysis of campaign-related documents. The results of the study indicate that an effective campaign strategy includes several key elements, including good candidate introduction, optimal use of social media, a personal approach through direct visits to residents' homes, and delivery of work programs that are relevant to the needs of the village community. Factors such as candidate popularity, support from community leaders, and mass mobilization also play a significant role in determining election results. These findings provide insight into local political dynamics and can be a guide for candidates in similar elections in the future.

Extending discrete geometric singular perturbation theory to non-hyperbolic points

Abstract We extend the recently developed discrete geometric singular perturbation theory to the non-normally hyperbolic regime. Our primary tool is the Takens embedding theorem, which provides a means of approximating the dynamics of particular maps with the time-1 map of a formal vector field. First, we show that the so-called reduced map, which governs the slow dynamics near slow manifolds in the normally hyperbolic regime, can be locally approximated by the time-1 map of the reduced vector field which appears in continuous-time geometric singular perturbation theory. In the non-normally hyperbolic regime, we show that the dynamics of fast-slow maps with a unipotent linear part can be locally approximated by the time-1 map induced by a fast-slow vector field in the same dimension, which has a nilpotent singularity of the corresponding type. The latter result is used to describe (i) the local dynamics of two-dimensional fast-slow maps with non-normally singularities of regular fold, transcritical and pitchfork type, and (ii) dynamics on a (potentially high-dimensional) local center manifold in n-dimensional fast-slow maps with regular contact or fold submanifolds of the critical manifold. In general, our results show that the dynamics near a large and important class of singularities in fast-slow maps can be described via the use of formal embedding theorems which allow for their approximation by the time-1 map of a fast-slow vector field featuring a loss of normal hyperbolicity.

Collective motion of binary chiral particle mixtures with environmental complex noise.

The strategies for demixing and sorting mixed-chirality particles are crucial in the biochemical and pharmaceutical industries. However, whether chiral mixed particles can effectively separate in more complex spatial environments remains unresolved. In this paper, we explore the collective motion of binary chiral particle mixtures with environmental complex noise in the binary chiral Vicsek model (BCVM). We discover that the noisy region ratio, λ, significantly influences the separation behavior and spatial distribution of binary mixtures, unveiling system states not observed in uniform environments. Additionally, varying the chirality of particles reveals four distinct phases in our model. In the Vicsek bands phase (small chirality), an increase in λ can, under certain conditions, promote segregation rather than consistently hindering the demixing process. Conversely, for large chirality, localized dynamics and a homogeneous phase emerge, reducing the impact of λ on separation behavior. Notably, when chirality and activity are comparable, macrodrops and microflock phases appear, with a mixed-segregated state transition occurring at a critical λ_{c}. For λ<λ_{c}, chiral separation occurs with particles confined to the noise-free region. However, when λ>λ_{c}, particles gradually migrate to the noisy region, disrupting the separation. Further, we discuss the effects of multiple factors, including chirality, velocity, noise magnitude, particle number, and system size on λ_{c}. We also identify an optimal interaction radius at which λ_{c} reaches its peak value. Our findings may inspire strategies for achieving spontaneous demixing and spatial migration of mixed-chirality particles in complex environments.

The Social Practice of Community-Based Development of Curup Kereta Waterfall Ecotourism

Curup Kereta Waterfall Ecotourism in Rambang Jaya Village is a community-managed tourist destination and one of the favorite attractions in Way Kanan, Lampung. This research aims to analyze the social practices in the development of community-based ecotourism at Curup Kereta Waterfall from the perspectives of structure, agency, and interaction. The study employs a qualitative research method. The findings indicate that the social practices in developing Curup Kereta Waterfall ecotourism in Rambang Jaya Village are significantly influenced by domination, significance, and legitimacy within the local community dynamics. The village head's family's dominance is evident in their control over land management and major decision-making processes. This dominance is accepted by the community due to the sekelik system in Lampung culture, which strengthens family bonds as the community members consider each other as relatives. Decisions made by the village head's family are seen as being for the common good and are accepted without social envy. The sekelik system also provides social significance, ensuring continuous community involvement in ecotourism activities. The community feels a shared responsibility to support and promote ecotourism, thereby reinforcing social solidarity essential for the sustainability of ecotourism. The legitimacy stems from strong kinship ties and a sense of togetherness, with the community trusting that the village head's family will manage the ecotourism fairly and wisely.

Local and global dynamics of a prey–predator system with fear, Allee effect, and variable attack rate

Fear prompts prey to adopt risk-averse behaviors, such as reduced foraging activity, increased vigilance, and avoidance of areas with high predator presence, which affects its reproduction. In a real scenario, a population requires a minimum density to avoid extinction, known as an Allee threshold. In light of these biological factors, we propose a predator–prey model with (i) a fear effect in a prey population, (ii) an Allee effect in a predator population, and (iii) a non-constant attack rate that modifies the functional response. We ensured the non-negativity and boundedness of the solutions and examined the local and global stability status for each existing steady state solutions. We investigated some deep dynamical properties of the system by varying different parameters, such as cost of fear in prey and strength of the Allee effect in predators and their mortality rate. In codimension one bifurcations, we observed saddle node, Hopf, homoclinic, and coalescence of two limit cycles. Additionally, codimension two bifurcations were observed, including Bautin and Bogdanov Takens bifurcations. To provide a clearer understanding of these bifurcations, we conducted biparametric analysis involving the fear and Allee parameters, as well as the fear parameter and predator mortality rate. Our investigation shows that cost of fear and strength of Allee strongly influences the survival status of the predator. Furthermore, bistability and tristability reveal that the survival and extinction of predator are dependent on the initial population level. Numerical simulations and graphical illustrations are provided to support and validate our theoretical findings.

Experimental studies of H2/Ar plasma in a cylindrical inductive discharge with an expansion region

Abstract The electrical parameters of H2/Ar plasma in a cylindrical inductive discharge with an expansion region are investigated by a Langmuir probe, where Ar fractions range from 0% to 100%. The influence of gas composition and pressure on electron density, the effective electron temperature and the electron energy probability functions (EEPFs) at different spatial positions are present. In driver region, with the introduction of a small amount of Ar at 0.3 Pa, there is a rapid increase in electron density accompanied by a decrease in the effective electron temperature. Additionally, the shape of the EEPF transitions from a three-temperature distribution to a bi-Maxwellian distribution due to an increase in electron–electron collision. However, this phenomenon resulting from the changes in gas composition vanishes at 5 Pa due to the prior depletion of energetic electrons caused by the increase in pressure during hydrogen discharge. The EEPFs for the total energy in expansion region is coincident to these in the driver region at 0.3 Pa, as do the patterns of electron density variation between these two regions for differing Ar fractions. At 5 Pa, as the discharge transitions from H2 to Ar, the EEPFs evolved from a bi-Maxwellian distribution with pronounced low energy electrons to a Maxwellian distribution in expansion region. This evolve may be attributed to a reduction in molecular vibrational excitation reactions of electrons during transport and the transition from localized electron dynamics in hydrogen discharge to non-localized electron dynamics in argon discharge. In order to validate the experimental results, we use the COMSOL simulation software to calculate electrical parameters under the same conditions. The evolution and spatial distribution of the electrical parameters of the simulation results agree well with the trend of the experimental results.