Local Cultural Policy Research Articles

Evaluating Intangible Cultural Heritage Policy of Balinese Handwoven Textiles

Several key factors drive contemporary concerns about the sustainability of intangible cultural heritage. Cultural policy has given meaning and importance to the cultural diversity of society. However, the efforts to preserve intangible cultural heritage by providing a way to community welfare are facing new challenges. The article aims to present an analysis of local cultural policy from Bali Governance to sustain the intangible heritage of handwoven textiles by increasing the economy demand. Using a focus group approach, qualitative data were collected and using Nvivo12 to analyze the data from 15 interviews of weavers and practices of Balinese handwoven textiles living in Bali. This approach is used as a means to represent the complex diversity of opinions among members of the weaving group in a dynamic interaction that is provided so that a diversity of views emerges from the participants and direct clarification of the issues that influence the diversity of arguments on the reality of the impact on policy. The result found that the cultural policy is increasing the sense of identity by using Balinese handwoven textiles and significantly has the direct impact for the demand of handwoven textiles. Furthermore, the research revealed that cultural policy plays important role in shaping and reviving the traditional practices by evaluating the challenges of cultural industries such as industrialization, regeneration knowledge, environmental sustainability by reducing chemical dyes, the welfare of women weavers, market access and strong representation between communities.

Cinema Exhibition on a Cultural Basis in Europe: Reflecting on the Contributions of the Nordic Model for Portuguese Local Cinema Policies

This paper addresses the need for local cultural policies targeting cinema exhibition. Portugal evidences extreme dependency upon the central government, including for local movie screening, thus expressing the Portuguese high territorial asymmetry. Our research discusses the importance of noncommercial exhibition for countering this situation, as it is implemented by local agents (not only film societies) with a wider cultural intervention. When reflecting on the European countries policies for cinema and acknowledging the big socioeconomic and historical differences between Portugal and the Nordic countries, the regional-local initiatives of the latter emerged as an important issue for decentralization, especially the Norwegian scheme.

지역문화정책 대상범위에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to investigate the scope of local cultural policies through an empirical study on the cultural enjoyment gap. For this purpose, the cultural enjoyment status of culturally marginalized groups derived from the review of previous studies was compared and analyzed within the same basic local government. In addition, the experience level of each cultural genre was investigated and analyzed by dividing cultural enjoyment into viewing, participation, and education stages. The results of the analysis showed that, first, when it comes to leisure time for cultural enjoyment, those in their 60s and older, those with lower income levels, and those living in towns and villages have more leisure time on an average weekday. Second, 25% of all respondents have experienced veiwing cultural events. Movies and museums were found to be universal cultural enjoyment genres, and in most genres, the underrepresented groups were found to be real. Third, direct participation in cultural events was lower among those under the age of 50, those with lower median income, and those living in the urban. Fourth, the experience of cultural education was also low, with significant mean differences by class.

Social vulnerability access to culture as a determinant

The objective of this article is to analyze access to culture as one of the determining factors in social vulnerability. To achieve the objective, the methodology used was documentary, with a quantitative-qualitative approach and of a descriptive nature; the method used was the inductive one. For its part, the search for information was carried out online in Google Scholar, in the Scielo database, Dialnet. The population was made up of the documents registered under the format of theses/articles/books consulted, with a total of 18 documents, of which were selected through criteria, it is made up of a total of 11 documents from the last two decades. It is concluded that social vulnerability corresponds to a set of social and cultural factors, including access to culture expressed at the macro level in public policies, cultural, educational and micro systems, including cultural institutions or programs, added to this the educational contexts, the quality of the professionals who socialize cultural knowledge, the climate of cultural access, cultural consumption and the leadership that coherently complements said processes. These processes are of vital importance because they specify cultural policies in the social, community and family contexts, in such a way that, without them, there will be no national, regional or local cultural policy that allows cultural access for all, as an effective tool to combat and reduce social vulnerability effectively.

Supporting regional music production clusters in the post-pandemic era: placing business support at the heart of local cultural policy

ABSTRACT While the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the live music industry have received much attention, little consideration has been given to regional music production clusters more broadly. Evaluating the impacts of the pandemic on the music economy of North West England, this paper identifies key areas of support required as music businesses transition into a digitally-orientated post-COVID period. Findings demonstrate the ways in which the pandemic encouraged or forced music businesses to innovate with new digital ways of showcasing, promoting and distributing music. Yet, while digitalisation offers many opportunities, these are often difficult for businesses to capitalise upon. The paper argues the need to place business support at the heart of local cultural policy. More specifically, the paper makes the case for a soft institutionalist approach whereby local policymakers, the market and civil society work together to generate and distribute crucial resources of human, financial and social capital.

Contemporary Literary Criticism: The Challenges of Democratisation

The aim of this article is to discuss the forms of contemporary Lithuanian literary criticism in the context of more general cultural processes. The current situation, which still tends to be described as crisis, is brought about not only by the structure of the national literary field, the specifics of its historical development, or the local cultural policy, but also by universal factors, such as the epistemic, social, and institutional uncertainty that characterises professional literary criticism in general, and the so-called democratisation of culture, which has been accelerated by the emergence of social networks. The latter provide an opportunity for everyone to express their value judgements, disrupting the established hierarchies of critical evaluation and deepening the crisis of authority. This factor together with the meritocratic model that has taken root in the media, along with the commercialisation of publishing policy creates the conditions for the emergence of new ways of talking about literature, or what is known as ‘non-professional literary criticism’. Drawing on theory of New Formalism, I discuss the main types of professional and non-professional literary criticism, and their affordances, which foresees the social and cultural uses of literary criticism.

생활문화 개념 구조와 인식유형 - 부산지역 문화전문인력 사례를 중심으로

The conceptual ambiguity and abstractness of legally defined lived culture have been critically discussed, while various policy studies and programs are implemented in South Korea. However, there have been fewer studies paying attention to empirically examining a constructed understanding of lived culture based on the perceptions of local cultural policy actors.
 This study classifies and characterizes local cultural policy actors’ perceptions of lived culture by identifying four major elements that construct the concept of lived culture in the context of cultural policy and applying latent profile analysis. The local cultural policy actors in this study refer to those who were engaged in mediating and supporting local residents’ grassroots creative activities in the city of Busan, including public officials, arts administrators, librarians, curators, artists, and activists.
 The analysis uncovers five latent profiles, which can be labeled as ‘higher group’, ‘medium group’, ‘lower group’, ‘social-impact-centered group’, and ‘cultural democracy-centered group’.
 It also confirms that each group is affected by the length of employment status, related work experience, and the types of affiliated organization. Based on the findings, this study argues for the need of training for local cultural policy actors to improve their conceptual understanding of lived culture in a broad sense and emphasizes to generate national-level statistical data on a regular basis. This can contribute to enhancing the local actors’ policy implementation capacities and establishing a foundation to operationally define the concept of lived culture at the on-the-ground-level.

CO-CREATION AS A MEANS OF CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT IN LOCAL CULTURAL POLICY MAKING

We have experienced a shift in local cultural policy making towards a more participative governance during the last decades in a situation when understanding of the meaning of culture in cultural policy has enlarged and cultural policy makers are concerned with more active actors in the field, including cultural prosumers. In the meantime, we can observe in our contemporary cities new creative forms of civic activism trying to build sustainable and livable places with creative professionals engaging as facilitators of these creative change processes in local communities. Co-creation approach is a recent trend in public governance to ensure the engage- ment of local citizens as equal partners in developing, implementing and evaluating creative solutions for local problems related to raising the quality of life. The application of co-creation approach in local cultural policy making is still comparatively new and experimental, but one can find multiple good practice case studies in Europe, although the understanding of this new concept varies in different contexts. The goal of this article is to analyse the available literature in order to clarify the use of co-creation concept in the field of culture in different contexts along with the similar concepts of co-production and co-design, to identify the purpose and possible gains of applying a co-creation approach in local cultural policy making.

Urban Folklore and Folk Crafts Festivals in the Context of a Pandemic:The Case of Shumen

The study presents the results of an empirical research conducted in the summer and autumn of 2021 in the town of Shumen within the project “Local festivals: a resource of local communities for crisis management,” financed by the Bulgarian National Science Fund. The research focuses on a local folklore and folk crafts festival and, in particular, on the way its organizers and guests define the relationship between its economic rationality and symbolic importance at the level of local identity and as a mechanism of social solidarity of the local community. The role of the festival in local cultural policies is also analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the extent to which festivals may play the role of mobilizing community resources to address significant crises – in particular the effects of the global epidemiological crisis surrounding Covid-19.

The impacts of cultural policy on gaming entrepreneurs in Shanghai: an entrepreneurial ecosystem approach

ABSTRACT China’s cultural policy has been a key driver to the formation and development of the domestic digital game industry. In line with the nationwide promotion of “Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation” since 2015 (He et al., 2019), there has witnessed an increasing emphasis on entrepreneurship in the related cultural policies at the local level, especially in China’s major cities known for high-tech creative clusters. Focusing on the thriving gaming entrepreneurship in Shanghai, this article adopts an entrepreneurial ecosystem approach to examine the under-studied relationship between the creation of gaming ventures and the relevant set of cultural policy. Drawing on 33 gaming entrepreneur interviews complemented by policy content, this article provides rich accounts of how gaming entrepreneurs react to and reflect on the local cultural policy in relation to two key elements of the entrepreneurial ecosystem: financial capital availability and support services. The findings shed new light on creative autonomy and cultural policy in China.

Culture-Led Urban Regeneration: How Does Melukis Harapan Catalyst The Transformation of Dolly Prostitution District?

The position of cultural regeneration to develop social and economic growth in a post-black economy district like a former sex leisure business is becoming a thought-provoking investigation. This research focuses on a specific observation to find the relationship between regeneration and former prostitution in culture-led urban reinforcement to develop through the creative industry? What are the influences behind the rise of culture-led borough redevelopment in such a place of ex-prostitution? This research used the post-positivism paradigm with qualitative method approach. Some of the opinions behind the growth of culture-led urban regeneration have linked not only in cultural icon and urban identity but also in community consolidation to support the creative industry elaboration. Further, the products of culture-led urban renewal, we can say youth movements, has the assumption to potentially advance the local cultural policy discourses within creative industry outcome. This research presents the effect of accepted place in Dolly, the ex-biggest well-organized prostitution in southeast Asia located in Surabaya, Indonesia. It implication is to show the result of observations and experiences conducted with the local youth community, Melukis Harapan, as a cultural flagship development subject that successfully transform Dolly into an education-tourism-based creative village.

The cultural policies of a popular music venue: the case of Strasbourg's Espace Django

PurposeThis article discusses local cultural policies addressing popular music, and the values they imply, through a case study of Strasbourg's Espace Django, a publicly financed concert venue located in a disadvantaged neighborhood.Design/methodology/approachEspace Django's structural organization and overall cultural “philosophy” are described on the basis of field interviews and several documents related to the venue; they are then discussed in relation to literature on urban cultural policies and French policies concerning popular music.FindingsEspace Django's activities embody a will to improve social interactions within local communities. The venue does not fit in either the “music city” or the “creative cluster” theoretical model. However, its policies belong to the French institutional tradition of Développement Culturel, and they express a tendency toward eventification and the experience economy.Originality/valueIn France, the public sector plays an important role in cultural practices, mostly through funding and policymaking. The example of Espace Django adds a distinct French perspective to a research field mainly centered on Anglo-Saxon countries and more liberal economies. Also, the appendix on Espace Django's response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) health crisis adds interesting elements for understanding what are the successful choices in the current cultural scenario.

Curating the urban music festival: Festivalisation, the ‘shuffle’ logic, and digitally-shaped music consumption

In recent years, music festivals have grown in significance within local cultural policy, city branding and tourism agendas. Taking the Mexefest festival in Lisbon as a case in point, this article asks how, in the digital streaming era, music festivals in urban environments are framed, curated and experienced. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, our analysis examines how music festival programmers curate the urban festival experience, for both locals and tourists alike. First, we identify the emergence of urban music festivals in recent decades, and how modern festival programmes have adopted the cultural technique of the ‘shuffle mode’ as an influential principle. Second, we investigate the work of festival programmers through the lens of ‘cultural intermediaries’, and ask how their programming strategies, particularly through digital mobile media (such as music playlists), contribute to an aestheticised experience of the city during the festival. Third, we focus on how the Mexefest festival events are staged in tandem with brand activation by sponsors like mobile phone company Vodafone and their radio station Vodafone FM. In doing so, we highlight the participation of festival-goers through their embodied engagements with digital media, music listening and urban space, and evaluate the heuristic value of ‘shuffle curation’ as a tool for the understanding of music festivals as a distinctly global and networked form of leisure consumption in urban culture.

La dirección del agua. César Vallejo en Chaski (Cusco, 1972-1974)

Este artículo estudia los usos políticos de la obra e imagen de César Vallejo publicada en Chaski. Semanario de los pueblos jóvenes (1972-1974), de la ORAMS VII. Como esta publicación tuvo la función de difundir el trabajo que hacía dicho organismo en la región, como parte de SINAMOS, la literatura allí publicada también promovió la toma de consciencia de la realidad social peruana —local y nacional— que estaba cambiando a favor de la población andina, los históricamente explotados. Vallejo fue el autor más publicado en varios formatos, lo que orientaba sus contenidos a la población de los pueblos jóvenes beneficiados —en Apurímac, Cusco y Madre de Dios— por las reformas del gobierno de Velasco Alvarado. Mostraré que los textos de Vallejo contribuyeron a promover una retórica reivindicativa y nacionalista, legitimando el proyecto político velasquista, además de que su imagen fue usada como parte de la simbología revolucionaria. Todo esto convirtió a Vallejo, en su etapa marxista, en un agente de la política cultural local del gobierno desde la ORAMS VII.

글로벌 발전의제와 로컬 문화정책 - 지속가능발전목표(SDGs)를 위한 유네스코창의도시네트워크(UCCN)의 도전

유엔이 2030년을 향한 지구촌 발전의제로 지속가능발전목표(SDGs)를 채택하면서 주목한 영역은 도시화와 문화이다. 도시가 지속가능발전의 공간 주체라면 문화는 그 핵심 요건의 하나다. 이러한 배경에서 본 논문은 최근 초대형 초국가 도시협의체로 성장한 유네스코창의도시네트워크(UCCN)를 통해 한편으로 글로벌 발전의제와 도시 문화정책의 상관관계에 관한 국제사회의 논의와 의제의 변화를 총체적으로 이해하고, 한편으로 SDGs를 추동할 핵심 조직으로서 UCCN의 역할과 도전을 조망하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 유엔이 안배한 도시와 문화 영역의 두 의제, 즉 유엔해비타트의 「새로운 도시의제」와 유네스코의 문화의제인 「문화정책의 재구성」을 탐구하고 도시문화정책에 주는 함의를 도출한다. 다음으로 지속가능한 도시발전의 견인차로서 UCCN의 활동 현황과 도전 과제를 SDGs의 측면에서 고찰한다. 이를 통해 점차 심화되어 가는 글로벌 발전의제와 로컬 문화정책의 상호작용에 대한 총체적 이해를 도모하고, 유네스코창의도시의 매개역량 강화를 모색하는 데 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

마을벽화로 본 지역문화정책 비판적 고찰

마을벽화로 본 지역문화정책 비판적 고찰

El modelo emprendedor de políticas culturales y el destination branding: un análisis a partir del filme Vicky Cristina Barcelona

The literature on the governance of cultural policy in Barcelona has revealed different political and social tensions arising from the use of local culture for the purpose of creating a city brand. However, these studies have not focused on the rationales behind this process nor on its implications for the models of local cultural policy in the cinematographic field. With the aim of advancing in the understanding of the modes of relationship between brand and cultural policy, in this article we analyze one of the cultural branding strategies developed by the city: the public activity around the film Vicky Cristina Barcelona. Through the analysis of political relations and the objectives behind this project, this article reveals the governmental instrumentalization of the city's cultural heritage in order to strengthen and promote a global tourism-oriented brand.

Cultural policies mixing commonality and difference? The case of public libraries in French cities

ABSTRACT Libraries are a core element of local cultural policies. In a country historically marked by national integration policies aiming at cultural homogeneity, what is the relationship of local public libraries to the socio-cultural diversity of populations? The results of qualitative studies conducted in three major cities (Bordeaux, Rennes and Nantes) display a growing awareness of more diverse users and adaptations to their demands. Librarians, at the same time, do not give up the universalist ideals central to the history of their institutions and their current activities. Despite differences between cities, the case of public libraries illustrates the possibility to combine universalism and diversity in the policies implemented in France, here in the cultural field. My study demonstrates how local institutions can use their room for manoevre and combine elements of the republican ideal and adjustments to a diverse social reality.

Does cultural policy matter? Political orientations, cultural management models, and the results of public cultural action in Barcelona and Valencia

ABSTRACT Since the beginning of the 20th century, analyses of local cultural policies have sought to highlight their instrumentalisation in projects for urban renewal and/or city branding. In general, the spotlight has been put on the waning Cultural Democratisation Model and its flagging commitment to social cohesion and redistribution. This might lead us to see cultural policy and political management as having little bearing on the construction of The Creative City Model (henceforth CCM). However, this would be a mistake, as this paper will show. It compares two cities, Barcelona and Valencia, whose local cultural policies are strongly conditioned by the CCM. The contrasting political orientation of the two cities, the way each applies the CCM, their differing management models, and the different long-term trends in their cultural facilities end up shaping social and cultural outcomes, the sustainability of these results, and their redistributive impact.

O Sistema Regional de Inovações do Trio Elétrico e o fomento ao turismo em Salvador-BA: da Fubica ao imaginário da cibercultura


 
 
 
 Os processos de criação e ressignificações do trio elétrico e a produção musical de Salvador, capital da Bahia, convidam a refletir sobre o Sistema Regional de Inovação e sua relação com a competitividade turística do destino, considerando desenvolvimento econômico, tecnológico, comportamento social e memórias coletivas. Por essa problematização, objetivam-se identificar especificidades do Sistema Regional de Inovações em torno do trio elétrico; estabelecer sua relação com a competitividade turística de Salvador; e discutir sobre aspectos que influenciam nos processos de inovação. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, orientada pelo método crítico-dialético, enfatizando o materialismo histórico por meio de fontes bibliográfica e documental, além da observação participativa. Os atributos da abordagem do SRI, definido por Hall e Williams (2008), são utilizados como referência estruturante da abordagem. Constata-se que o SRI do Trio Elétrico representa um fenômeno exitoso definido por uma linha evolutiva de inovações formada pela conjunção entre criatividade dos atores sociais, memória coletiva, desenvolvimento tecnológico, cultura local e políticas públicas. Esses fatores definem uma identidade territorial genuína difícil de ser reproduzida em outras localidades. Além disso, promovem atividades preponderantes para a competitividade turística e desenvolvimento local como geração de negócios, produção de conhecimentos específicos e articulação entre instituições e atores sociais.