Local Community Support Research Articles

Community Economic Innovation in Mangrove Area at East Beach of Java Island

Banyuwangi is in a position that is very strategic that have potential include prospective tourism and business vehicles in the form of a crossing port to the Bali, loading port of goods, beach tourism, Ijen Mountain tours and Mangrove Forests. At Cemara Beach, there are about 11 types of Mangroves whose density is still lacking. Even though around it there are ponds, as well as the landing place to lay eggs. In relation to the living conditions of coastal communities, one important aspect of strengthening Mangrove conservation is to involve and seek local community support. The existence of Mangrove areas is expected to reduce sedimentation. This research was conducted on the east coast of Java Island, namely Cemara Beach, which is located in Rowo Village, Pakis Sub-district, Banyuwangi District, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java, Indonesia in 2020. The results of the study show: a) The Community is able to deal with change and technological innovation overcome the negative impact of the development of special interest tourism as a center for Mangrove processing production, Mangrove nurseries, turtle conservation, Cemara forest; b) The ability of the community has increased sufficiently in entrepreneurship based on Mangrove potency on the Cemara beach; c) Partner communities are able to plan integrated and sustainable management of areas that will be used as the basis for implementing physical development, spatial facilities, and special interest tourism infrastructure.

Integrated phytomanagement of a carbon tetrachloride-contaminated site in Murdock, Nebraska (USA)

The application of a large-scale ( ca . 59,000 m 2 ) integrated phytomanagement system at a carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )-impacted site at Murdock, Nebraska, USA, was assessed in terms of its effectiveness in mitigating site risk, and realizing wider social and environmental benefits. Volatile Organic Compound (VOCs) concentrations (including CCl 4 ) measured in surface water, groundwater, air and vegetation samples show that the Murdock system has achieved effective risk management over the 10+ year period since its implementation, with the phytomanagement component of the remediation system (consisting of a mixed stand of dominantly Niobe willow ( Salix x ‘Niobe’ ) and Eastern Cottonwood ( Populus deltoides )) removing 300g–600g of CCl 4 annually. Eastern Cottonwood played an increasing role in CCl 4 removal over time, from 55% of the total mass removal in 2008 to 69% in 2014. Using a site design focused on enhancement of the social and physical environment, in addition to risk mitigation, has enabled realization of a range of wider social and environmental benefits, which include carbon sequestration of ca. 77 tons CO 2 /ha/y, and educational and recreational benefits. The phytomanagement system applied at Murdock has incurred significant installation, and on-going monitoring and maintenance, effort and costs (exceeding $1.5 million) highlighting the importance of (a) sustained stakeholder engagement to ensure continued local community support, and (b) effective site design to realize as full a range of core (i.e. risk mitigation) and wider benefits as possible, to increase the overall value proposition of such schemes. • Large-scale phytomanagement was successfully applied at a CCl 4 -impacted site. • Effective risk management has been achieved over the 10+ years since implementation. • Ca. 300g–600g CCl 4 has been removed annually via plant uptake and translocation. • Effective design can realize significant socio-economic and environmental benefit.

Potential for the regeneration of rural areas through local involvement in the organisation of sport events

ABSTRACT Rationale/purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the local community in small-scale sport events in rural areas, from the perspective of contestants and sport event organisers. Design/methodology/approach : Six small-scale sport events in the region of Gorski Kotar, Croatia, were analysed. Authors employed quantitative and qualitative methods in order to understand perceptions of contestants and event organisers. Findings The local community as a partner in small-scale sport events can increase satisfaction of contestants with the event. Organisers of those events are often not aware of that and although their approaches to local community support differ, most of them focus predominantly on the economic benefits while neglecting the social impacts and importance of those impacts on satisfaction of contestants. Practical implications and research contributions Research results underlining the importance of local community engagement in small-scale sport events can be useful for planning sport events in other rural destinations in Croatia and abroad. Direct evidence of the significance this engagement has for the overall satisfaction of contestants can motivate event organisers to focus more on the social impacts of the sport events they are organising and to re-think their contribution to the regeneration of hosting rural areas.

Local community support, attitude and perceived benefits in the UNESCO World Heritage Site

PurposeThis study aims to explore the support and attitudes of the local community together with the benefits of living in the vicinity of George Town UNESCO World Heritage Site. George Town is one of the popular UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachA total of 319 respondents residing in the gazetted area of George Town World Heritage Sites were interviewed. The covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) analysis was conducted to test the study’s hypotheses.FindingsThe community's attitudes and personal benefits were identified to strongly influence community’s support towards the conservation and development of the World Heritage Sites in George Town. While a small number of community members acknowledged the significant opportunities through tourism, majority of them expected economic and non-economic benefits from the development of World Heritage Sites.Practical implicationsThe findings from this study are expected to contribute to the ongoing debate on the perceived effects, benefits and future support of the World Heritage Sites from the local community's perspectives.Social implicationsUnderstanding the behaviour of the local community to create successful tourism planning, especially in delicate heritage destinations.Originality/valueThis study enriches the scarce empirical research study on community’s behaviour living in the vicinity of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, especially in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ (ASEAN) region.

Black Deaths Matter Earning the Right to Live: Death and the African-American Funeral Home

Black Deaths Matter: Earning the Right to Live—Death and the African-American Funeral Home recounts the history of black funeral homes in the United States and their role in demanding justice for bodies of color and the black community. Through funeral pageantry and vigilant support for local communities, the African American funeral home has been central to ensuring that not only do Black Lives Matter, but black deaths count and are visible to the larger community. This paper is a slightly expanded version of the plenary talk for the Centre for Death and Society’s Politics of Death Conference at the University of Bath on 9 June 2018. This research and talk were supported by The Louisville Institute under the Project Grant for Researchers.

Developing the Rural Town of Panchor into a Future River-based Tourism Destination: Host Community Perception

This paper examines the significance of a rural area, Panchor village town, as a potential nature tourism site in the Muar district of Johor, Malaysia. The objectives of the study were (1) to evaluate local community support and (2) to assess local community involvement. Based on qualitative analysis of an interview and open-ended responses in the questionnaire, three interconnected themes were: (1) community attachment, (2) economic gains and (3) environmental attitude. The findings revealed that river-based tourism development could stimulate the socio-economic status and the sustainability of rural areas. This study also discussed implications and limitations of the research. Keywords: Community Attachment; Economic Gains; Environmental Attitude; River-based Tourism eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i14.2236

Community capacity coach: Embedded support to implement evidenced‐based prevention

Given the pervasive nature of child abuse and neglect, multilevel public health approaches are necessary. Implementation science can help in understanding the most effective ways to build infrastructure and support delivery of such approaches. In this theoretical paper, we describe the implementation of the Positive Parenting Program (Triple P), an evidence-based population-level parenting program in South Carolina. While implementation science has informed how to move population-level efforts to scale, we discuss challenges that persist in practice, such as when there is a need for multiple stakeholders to understand, support, and apply implementation best practices in a systematic and consistent way. To address this challenge, we introduce the role of a Community Capacity Coach, who lives in the local community and works towards the implementation of Triple P. The Coach is responsible for bridging gaps between the local community and statewide support systems. We detail the ways in which the Coach's role aligns with key intermediary functions, and how the Coach is embedded within the larger Triple P statewide support system. We then discuss the assessment of the Coach's impact; and conclude with future directions and next steps for this role within Triple P South Carolina.

Correlation of Resilience with Good Relations with Neighbors

Correlation of Resilience with Good Relations with Neighbors

Challenges to women's inclusion in peace processes in Thailand and Myanmar

ABSTRACT This article discusses the challenges that women face in their attempts to engage with peace processes. It first reviews the existing literature and then provides an analysis based on in-depth interviews with women members of peace networks in Thailand and in Myanmar and key stakeholders with relevant knowledge. The findings highlight the challenges that women's networks face in both countries: (1) the challenge of getting a seat at the table in the peace processes where women are increasingly visible in peace-building activism yet still lack power to influence formal frameworks; (2) the challenge of getting representation and the support of various local communities; and finally, (3) the challenge of getting the message right in terms of balancing gender advocacy with peace building in a context where gender advocacy is perceived as disrupting social relations. These key findings suggest that, to be effective, women's peace networks have to find the right balance between gender advocacy and addressing these key challenges. The article ends with a set of recommendations aimed at strengthening the impact of women's peace networks.

Support of Local Community and Organs Concerned Which Receive Diversified New Entrants to Agriculture

Support of Local Community and Organs Concerned Which Receive Diversified New Entrants to Agriculture

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS: WORLD EXPERIENCE AND DOMESTIC PRACTICE

Objective. The objective of the article is to study the world experience of socially responsible business and research the ways of its implementation into domestic business practice. Methods. The article uses the following methods and techniques for studying economic phe­nomena and processes: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, a comparison method, an expert estimation method, dialectical and historical approaches, an abstract-logical method, system and comparative analysis. Results. According to the results of the study, Ukraine's accession to the global process ofsus- tainable development requires the introduction of a model of socially responsible business, which strengthens the mutual responsibility of organizations, enterprises for the impact of decisions and actions on society and the environment through transparent and ethical behaviour. It is empha­sized that social business responsibility (SBR) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the system of public relations of Ukrainian society is not a conscious and applied norm in contrast to the world experience of developed countries, where it is regulated at the state level. Peculiarities and directions of socially responsible activity of the leaders of The Global Corporate Responsibil­ity Rep Trak Study rating and the best CSR and CSR programs of the enterprises-leaders of the corresponding branches and spheres of economy of Ukraine are analyzed. The main directions of socially responsible activity of world ranking leaders are determined, in particular: children development; environmental programs and solutions of environmental problems; improving work­ing conditions; cybersecurity; support for local communities; overcoming inequality and poverty; and companies-leaders of the Ukrainian economy, in particular: labour relations; consumer rela­tions; development of regions anti-corruption practices; environmental responsibility. It is proved that Ukrainian companies perceive social responsibility mostly as a policy of development and improvement of staff working conditions; investment in regional development and consumer pro­tection and support; at least as a fight against corruption and assistance to displaced persons. The practical significance of the obtained results is in the possibility of their use in the devel­opment of appropriate measures of sustainable development policy in order to create a national model of responsibility.

Protesting in Russia in the 2010s: Rising Risks, Rising Costs

Since the nation-wide protests of 2011–2012, the Russian state apparatus has invested considerable resources into the prevention, control, and suppression of all forms of public disobedience. An analysis of both domestic and international examples of protest movements reveals that the Russian legislature (Duma) has systemically limited the legal framework governing freedom of assembly. At the same time, the Russian state has used targeted repression and multilayer campaigns against protest leaders and their organizations to disrupt, discourage, and dissolve organized entities capable of institutionalizing protest movements and coordinating anti-government campaigns. While the state has concentrated its efforts on suppressing overt political groups and leaders, (and rather successfully preventing them from gaining political momentum), it remains less efficient when it comes to non-politicized protests that address local issues of bad governance. Protests that have only a local, case-based agenda, do not seek federal support, and do not reach out to nation-wide protest leaders are capable of achieving success and convincing state officials to reconsider their decisions, either through compromise or by reverting selected state policies. Despite nationwide efforts by the state to discourage dissatisfied citizens from protesting, public manifestations of discontent are on the rise. Coordinated protest movements with high-profile leaders and organizational infrastructure are giving way to leaderless protests coordinated via multiple rallying centers relying on instant messengers and case-based support of local communities.

For Eradication of Poverty and Hunger

Our Non-profit Organization Foodbank Tohoku AGAIN is the oldest food bank in the Tohoku area. We work in three fields: in food bank activities; in local community support activities such as the “Children's Cafeteria”; and in welfare activities for people with disabilities.Food is life. Food also connects various lives. In the old days in Tohoku, we customarily gave thanks to nature's blessings and shared food in the spirit of “AGAIN,” which means “please eat.”To build a society that saves everybody peacefully and connects people with each other (and people to nature through food), we will work to help those who cannot afford food, in the spirit of “AGAIN.”

Tropical forest and peatland conservation in Indonesia: Challenges and directions

Abstract Tropical forests and peatlands provide important ecological, climate and socio‐economic benefits from the local to the global scale. However, these ecosystems and their associated benefits are threatened by anthropogenic activities, including agricultural conversion, timber harvesting, peatland drainage and associated fire. Here, we identify key challenges, and provide potential solutions and future directions to meet forest and peatland conservation and restoration goals in Indonesia, with a particular focus on Kalimantan. Through a round‐table, dual‐language workshop discussion and literature evaluation, we recognized 59 political, economic, legal, social, logistical and research challenges, for which five key underlying factors were identified. These challenges relate to the 3Rs adopted by the Indonesian Peatland Restoration Agency (Rewetting, Revegetation and Revitalization), plus a fourth R that we suggest is essential to incorporate into (peatland) conservation planning: Reducing Fires. Our analysis suggests that (a) all challenges have potential for impact on activities under all 4Rs, and many are inter‐dependent and mutually reinforcing, implying that narrowly focused solutions are likely to carry a higher risk of failure; (b) addressing challenges relating to Rewetting and Reducing Fire is critical for achieving goals in all 4Rs, as is considering the local socio‐political situation and acquiring local government and community support; and (c) the suite of challenges faced, and thus conservation interventions required to address these, will be unique to each project, depending on its goals and prevailing local environmental, social and political conditions. With this in mind, we propose an eight‐step adaptive management framework, which could support projects in both Indonesia and other tropical areas to identify and overcome their specific conservation and restoration challenges. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Waduk Tilong, Nusa Tenggara Timur Untuk Pengembangan Perikanan Tangkap

The Tilong Reservoir located in Kupang District, has 154.97 ha surface area with an average depth of 12.5 m, water volume is 19 million m3 and water discharge around 86.4-106.3 m3/day. The main function of this reservoir is for irrigation. Capture fisheries activity has not been optimally developed. The development of capture fisheries can be done through culture-based fisheries (CBF), namely milkfish (Channos channos) or tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) stocking. The aims of this study is to determine the potential of fisheries production and the seed needs for CBF development in the Tilong reservoir. The study was conducted in March and September 2016 at three observation stations. Water sample was taken at 0.5 and 2.0 m from the surface which is the euphotic depth. The results showed that CBF activities in the Tilong Reservoir could successful because supported by the limnology conditions was suitable for fish life, the availability of seeds produced from hatchery was sufficient for stocking and support of local communities through local wisdom. Fish seeds are produced by 13 hatchery which are capable of producing milkfish and tilapia seeds of 7,040,770 and 7,023,400 per year. Based on these aspects, capture fisheries through CBF are feasible to be developed in the Tilong Reservoir. The fisheries production potential in the Tilong Reservoir ranges from 75.9 to 77.5 kg/ha/year or 11.9-12.0 tons/year. The optimal number of milkfish and tilapia seeds that can be stocked ranges from 71,000-73,500 individuals/year and 72,000-75,000 individuals/year respectively. The fish production estimated from stocking was about 40% of the potential production with economic value of Rp 20,500,000 and Rp 21,500,000.

How can NGOs support collective action among the users of rural drinking water systems? A case study of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) systems in Bangladesh

Abstract In this article, we link NGO-supplied drinking water infrastructure projects with collective action development approaches. Although governing local, shared drinking water systems (DWS) requires users to act collectively, users rarely organize such collective action successfully by themselves. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are therefore frequently called upon to support local communities to set up or consolidate the kind of local collective action required for governing DWSs. However, the effectiveness of such forms of NGO support remains unclear. Therefore, this paper attempts to assess the form and impact of this kind of NGO support. Combining insights gained from theory on institutions for collective action in the context of shared resource systems, we develop a set of requirements presumed necessary for guaranteeing both day-to-day and long-term collective action among local shared DWS users. We apply this framework to empirically explore if, how and why NGO support targets these requirements, and whether this support influences users’ capacity for collective action. To this end we examine 11 cases where NGOs have worked with users of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) systems in Bangladesh. We collected data through focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews with local leaders, NGO officials, and project staff, and by reviewing project documentation. We find that NGO support favors long-term requirements over the requirements for day-to-day collective action. NGO activities seem based on applying standard approaches to training and awareness raising, and less on empowering users to craft their own solutions. A case for a lasting impact of NGO support on any of the requirements is hard to make. Our results imply that when attempting to organize effective and long-lasting forms of collective action among the users of shared resource systems, both NGOs and commissioners of projects need to engage more explicitly in learning what works and what doesn’t.

Road and transport infrastructure development and community support for tourism: The role of perceived benefits, and community satisfaction

This study investigates the impact of road and transportation infrastructure on community support for tourism in the context of the China-Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC), a multi-billion-dollar mega project. Utilizing social exchange theory, the authors examined a positive relationship between perceived impact of road and transport infrastructure development and local community support for tourism through perceived environmental impact, perceived tourism benefits, and perceived community satisfaction. The data was collected through an online survey from 350 people living along the CPEC route in Pakistan. Results revealed that perceived impact of CPEC road and transport infrastructure is positively related to community support for tourism, and perceived tourism benefits and community satisfaction play a mediating role in this relationship. Findings of this study not only contribute to the tourism literature, but also provide significant implications for officials to develop policies for promoting tourism development.

Coastal Tourism Business Resilience in Coping with Crisis in Sabah, Malaysia

This paper examines the level of tourism business resilience and factors influencing the resilience as well as suggestions in enhancing tourism business resilience by the small and medium coastal tourism operators located in Sabah coastal region, Malaysia. A quantitative approach was employed by using questionnaires and supported by semi-sturctured interviews with 61 small and medium coastal tourism operators in Sabah. Findings show majority of tourism business operators generally have high perceived levels of resilience and acknowledge the importance of resilience in coping with crisis. Ownership of the businesses to ensure sustainability of the business, vast experience within the industry which leads to maintaining of its confidence and being well prepared, as well as location and its readiness to face any crisis, attributed to the business resilience. Suggestions to enhance the level of resilience include: sufficient financial resources for emergencies, development of effective contingency plans, diversification of businesses and products, relocation to new location, government and local community support, as well as the strengthening of safety measures. The findings provide in depth understanding of small and medium size, coastal tourism business resilience and subsequently its benefits to the government and tourism industry in terms of strengthening coastal business resilience in coping with crisis and disaster planning. It is also especially important in terms of providing relevant and sound approaches and strategies, that would enable the development of resilience training to guide coastal tourism businesses in other coastal locations.

IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ON MOTIVATION IN TOURISM

The accelerated dynamic development of information and communication technologies has led to significant changes in the functioning of the tourist sector and in the behavior of the tourists themselves. Modern technologies have imposed a new pace of operation of tourist subjects that with easier and closer access to end consumers and will offer a unique and new tourism product. Today tourists have the opportunity before the trip to get informed and get acquainted with distant and exotic tourist destinations, the way of reservation, travel, etc., which are of great interest. Internet technology has contributed to drastic changes in the notions of spatial distance and thus created a totally different mode of communication that is very different and superior to all that has ever been. With the development of new modern communications and technologies the interconnections between travel, the other economic sectors and society as a whole have become far more integrated. The tourism value is perceived by linking entities inside and outside the tourism sector in various combinations to create and exploit new opportunities. Tourists have a primary role in using social networking sites and mobile media in search of travel information and product purchases. In recent decades, the number of tourist trips has increased significantly as a result of the growing supply of tourist products and services. The important role of motivation in tourism is seen in the continuous increase in the number of tourist trips which on the other hand are very important for future development and places to visit. The added value to be extracted from tourism incentives driven by tourism motives lies in innovation, positioning, cultural links, international trade and exchange, social support, education, learning support for local communities, and so on. The application of social networks and technologies as smart phones have proven to be powerful tools in these efforts, as well as the desire to participate, the capacity to face challenges. Seeking new, unique experiences means trying new ways of living, eating and sleeping, discovering unfamiliar cultures or joining other people en masse at major events. This desire to gather, share intense experiences and learn creates the conditions for tourists to develop tolerance, cultural awareness and a better understanding of international relations.

Cultural Tourism and Ecotourism Empowerment in the Sustainable Tourism Development and Destination Competitiveness Enhancement

The research aims to investigate the influence of cultural tourism and ecotourism empowerment on sustainable tourism development and tourism competitiveness as a long term perspective tourism development model. The research is conducted on the tourism in Bali Province that based on culture and natural beauty. The research uses quantitative approach with 147 respondents as sample. Data collection uses questionnaire. Respondents consist of the management of tourism travel agents, hospitality industry, restaurant, academics and government. Data are analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) through partial least square approach. The research findings demonstrate that cultural tourism and ecotourism have positive and significant influence on sustainable tourism development efforts. Cultural tourism and sustainable tourism development have positive and significant influence on destination competitiveness. Ecotourism is directly having no significant influence on destination competitiveness but it is indirectly having a significant influence on competitiveness through sustainable tourism development. Further, the research also gives direction that local community support is able to moderate the relationship between cultural tourism and ecotourism and sustainable tourism development. The research results give an indication that cultural preservation, natural environment, social environment, and local community participation are the upmost elements in sustainable tourism development model and destination competitiveness enhancement.