Local Communities In Management Research Articles

Vertical Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in a Tropical Community Forest of Nepal

This paper reports the findings of a research conducted in Kankali community forest, Chitwan, Nepal, to quantify the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen in 1 m soil profile depth. This community forest represents a tropical Shorea robusta-dominated community forest. It was found that the soil had 122.36 t/ha SOC and 12.74 t/ha nitrogen in 1 m soil profile in 2012, with 0.99% soil organic matter and 0.10% nitrogen concentration in average. Carbon and nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) of the soil was found to be 9.90. Both bulk density and C/N ratio were found increasing with increase in soil depth. The SOC and nitrogen were found significantly different across different soil layers up to 1 m soil profile depth. The average pH of the forest soil was found to be 5.3. Looking into the values of stocks of SOC and nitrogen, it is concluded that Kankali community forest has played a role in global climate change mitigation by storing considerable amounts of SOC. Involvement of local community in management of tropical forest cannot be overlooked in the process of climate change mitigation.

IMPLEMENTATION OF REGIONAL POLICY IN RURAL AREAS ON THE EXAMPLE OF VILLAGE RENEWAL IN LOWER SILESIA COMPETITION

The aim of the research is to assess the targeting of financial resources granted by the Lower Silesia province self-government as part of Village Renewal in a Lower Silesia competition based on types and categories of projects implemented in 2008-2018. A properly directed management of local communities can have a positive impact on the development of the entire region. Not only do large EU funds have a real impact on improving the quality of life of rural residents, through cooperation initiatives, but small grants financed from the funds of province self-governments also do. An example is the Village Renewal programme – the longest-running regional programme for activating local communities. Activities in the field of village renewal implemented in Lower Silesia since 2008 indicate the dynamic progress of social participation. The analysis of projects co-financed from the province self-government proved that they were mainly directed at supporting the development of socio-cultural infrastructure as well as sports and recreation and leisure infrastructure. The experience of the self-government of the Lower Silesia province shows that external intervention in local systems through targeted regional projects opens new possibilities for shaping the socio-economic policy of rural areas.

Cognitive mapping concept of resource management for the viability of local communities

The local community is a complex socio-economic system, and its ability to function for an indefinitely long period of time (viability) is not investigated sufficiently today. The purpose of the research was, using the cognitive mapping, propose to the local community management developing their own management strategies to ensure its viability. Considering the weakly structured subject area of resource management for the viability of the local community and the complex dynamic nature of socio-economic processes, fuzzy cognitive reflection was suggested as a tool that provides opportunities for modeling the inherent complexity and uncertainty associated with socio-economic systems. This research shows a system of relations between concepts in the form of a causative network – a cognitive map of the resource management of a local community and proposes scales for measuring the concepts. During the simulation experiments, managed, indirectly managed and unmanaged resources for the viability of a local community were defined. In modeling, own income per inhabitant has been chosen as the target concept and as an indicator of the potential of an independent choice of direction for the development of the local community with the view toward the construction of resource management scenarios for the local community's viability. As a result of the simulation, there were proposed some strategies for the growth of ‘own income per inhabitant’ and some recommendations were given for building management scenarios within these strategies.

Losing ground in protected areas?

Saving biodiversity requires reducing extractive pressures and engaging local communities in management

REFORMING PUBLIC MANAGEMENT

Problems related to the study of public management of local communities in the cross-border region Bulgaria-Serbia have not been the subject of in-depth independent research. The up-to-date nature of this theme stems from new developments in the region's development and the need to deepen regional cooperation in order to make more effective use of resources in the region and opportunities for convergence between behavior and governance patterns. The content is highlighted by the problems of the new millennium stemming from the conflict of resources, the demographic distortions and the impact of human resources development, the ecological congestion of the natural environment, which processes already carry not only national but also global regional dimensions. The importance of the issue is also reinforced by the fact that "convergence" in the Balkans is imperative in order to respond to the European regional development strategy.

Partisipasi Masyarakat Lokal Dalam Pengelolaan Wisata Bahari Di Pantai Semawang Kelurahan Sanur Kelod

Tourism development in Denpasar, especially maritime tourism at Semawang Beach in Sanur Kelod has encourage the local community to participate in developing tourism on Semawang Beach. This phenomenon has create participation of local communities in the management of maritime tourism. This research aim to examine participation of local communities in the management of maritime tourism at Semawang Beach in Sanur Kelod. The advantage that are expected to be achieved from this research are academic and practical advantages.
 This research is located at Semawang Beach in Sanur Kelod. The limits on the scope of this research includes motivation of local communities in management of maritime tourism and participation of local communities in the management of maritime tourism. Type of research data is in the form of qualitative and quantitative. Source of data obtained from primary and secondary data. Collection data techniques using observation, in-depth interview and documentation. Snowball sampling method has been used to determine informant and respondent
 The result of this research shows that motivation of local communities in the management of maritime tourism at Semawang Beach in Sanur Kelod is motivation to improve the welfare of the society and the mutual relationship between the maritime tourism with the local citizen. The type of local communities participation in the management of maritime tourism at Semawang Beach in Sanur Kelod are divide by three domains, such as : (1) economic participation, by the local communities work in the field of marine tourism, (2) environtment participation, by implementing thebeach clean program at Semawang Beach, coral reef cleanup program, village deliberations are held to discuss various issues in the environment, participation of local communities in the efforts to protect the environment around Semawang Beach, participation of local communities in lending of vacant land as parking lots, (3) social culture participation, laying of typical Balinese statues and introduce the melukat culture to the tourist.
 Keywords: Participation, local communities, sustainable tourism, maritime tourism, Semawang Beach

Disaster Management: Towards Building Community Resilience

Climate change is one of the major challenges faced by countries worldwide. In the Philippines, constant typhoons and flooding have exposed the vulnerability of disaster risk and reduction management of local communities, and such untold miseries increased the loss and damages of human lives and economic assets. While project management approach has been effectively applied to many fields and sectors, disaster management has yet to see its full benefits. Data from the Office of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) revealed that in 2014, the Municipality of Compostela had been awarded the “Seal of Good Local Governance on Disaster Preparedness” (SGLG). Thus, this captures the interest of the researcher to determine indicators of the local government unit’s disaster management that predict disaster resiliency to the major natural disasters occurring in the Municipality of Compostela for the last five years which include flooding and typhoon. This study employed a descriptive correlation design as the overall scheme in the conduct of the study. Specifically, Regression Analysis was utilized using disaster resiliency as the outcome variable and disaster management in terms of leadership structure, a guide to action management and partnerships and volunteerism as predictors. Results reveal that risk assessment and mapping, partnerships with volunteer groups, civil society organizations (CSO) and business/private sectors, institutionalized planning and budgeting and functional incident command system significantly influence LGU’s resiliency towards flooding while partnerships with volunteer groups, CSO and business/private sectors, partnerships with other local governments and national government, institutionalized planning and budgeting and risk assessment and mapping significantly influence LGU’s resiliency towards typhoon.

Community Ownership of Local Assets: conditions for sustainable success

• Transferring assets to local community management is one way in which Local Authorities have been dealing with the pressures of austerity , and transferred assets may provide more targeted and responsive community services. • Asset transfer may increase a community's sense of ownership over a community asset although communities with different resources may benefit unequally from asset transfer. • The success of a community asset depends on a meshing of forms of capital, with physical assets providing 'social infrastructure': a location for the generation and performance of other forms of capital. • There is a tension in asset transfers between a forced responsibilisation of communities that might not be equipped to manage, and the conditions required for generating ‘collective responsibility’.

Retrospective Analysis of Land Use Land Cover Dynamics Using GIS and Remote sensing in Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Abstract Assessing and quantifying the current forest resources status underpins sustainable forest resources planning and management. To this end, this study was conducted to analyze the dynamics of land use cover change (LUCC) and explore their drivers at the central highlands of Dry Afromontane Chilimo-Gaji forest for the study period (1973-2015) under consideration. The result of the study indicated that landscape trends have occurred in Chilimo-Gaji forest over the last 43 years and five classes of LUCC namely shrub land, rural settlement, bare land and road, forest land and agricultural land were identified. The most commonly reported drivers of deforestation in the study area were expansion of agricultural land, rural settlements, population growth, insecurity of the tenure and rights over the land, timber production and fuel wood collection. Surprisingly, the increasing demand for agricultural land and human settlement for increasing human population underpinned by expansion of agricultural activities led to the clearing of forest land in the study area. The study reveals that the forest land cover type has lost 922.14 hectares (26.96 %) which were changed into other land cover types such as agriculture and settlement for the study period under consideration with an annually rate of 21.45 ha. However, deforestation rates showed declining trend between the time periods 2008-2015 as a result of introduction of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) schemes (1996) which involve the local community in management and sharing of the benefit obtained from the management. In order to promote sustainable forest resources management in the study area in the years to come, integrated land use planning and management and addressing key drivers of deforestation were recommended.

Partisipasi Masyarakat Lokal Desa Angseri Dalam Pengelolaan Daya Tarik Wisata Air Panas Angseri, Kecamatan Baturiti, Tabanan

Angseri village is located in_Baturiti subdistrict, Tabanan regency, Bali. Angseri village has_Angseri Hot Springs as a tourist attraction. This tourist attraction has a special characteristic than another hot springs tourist attraction._The special characteristic of this hot springs is in the middle of bamboo forest. The management of this hot springs started in 2007 until now and this management still running well with many involved party in it. The research that will be done is_about how is the actual condition of Angseri hot springs reviewed on tourism product component and how is the pattern of participation in management of Angseri hot springs in Angseri village which the_management is managed by the local community itself.
 The research method used is qualitative descriptive with in-depth interview, observation, documentation, and literature_study. The data sources are obtained from primary and secondary data. The theory and concept used are concept of attraction, concept of management,_concept of tourism product component, and theory of participation_typology in management.
 The actual condition is reviewed from tourism product component located in Angseri hot springs which is an attraction that take benefit from natural potential in the form of hot springs, an adequate access, feasible infrastructures, and the completeness of supporting facilities. In the participation typology of local community in management of Angseri hot springs, there were well organization and management structure and the participation of local community which belongs to pushed participation. In this case, the local community is given socialization by Tourism Department in the beginning of planning Angseri hot springs tourist attraction.
 
 Keywords:Participan, Management,Product Component, Angseri Hot Springs

Ecosystem‐based management of Amazon fisheries and wetlands

AbstractInfrastructure development and overfishing in the Amazon make it imperative to define adequate scales for the ecosystem‐based management of commercial fisheries and the wetlands on which they depend. We mapped fisheries and fish ecology data from Brazil, Peru, Bolivia and Colombia to an explicit GIS framework of river basins and mainstems. Migratory species account for more than 80% of the known maximum catches of commercial fisheries across the Amazon. Of these migratory species, we nominated six long‐distance migratory fish taxa as flagship species to define the two main commercial fishery regions. The migrations of at least one goliath catfish species define a large‐scale longitudinal link joining the Andes, Amazon Lowlands and Amazon River estuary. Migratory Characiforms demonstrate interbasin wetland connectivity between nutrient‐rich and nutrient‐poor rivers over at least 2 million km2, or about one‐third of the Amazon Basin. We show that flooded forest area is the most important wetland variable explaining regional variations in migratory characiforme biomass as indicated by maximum annual fishery catches. The sustainable management of Amazon fisheries will require transnational cooperation and a paradigm shift from local community management alone to a more integrated approach that considers both rural and urban consumers and challenges, and the realistic life histories of migratory species.

ENHANCING THE POTENTIAL ECOTOURISM OF ANCIENT VOLCANO NGLANGGERAN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURIST DESTINATION AT GUNUNG KIDUL YOGYAKARTA SPECIAL REGENCY

In observation of this study the authors are interested in aspects Ecotourism the Ancient Volcano of Nglanggeran, which has the potential of uniqueness nature, mysterious and beautiful landscape as well as regional partner of reservoir Nglanggeran that has appeal. Those interesting places were located at Pathuk Wonosari Gunung kidul in Yogyakarta Special Regency. When the sun set come the panorama were really beautiful and amazing views. Since 2011-up to now that places were not seriously managed by participation from the stakeholder of government and private investor, and being handled by the local community management. In some conditions facilities and security aspects was not well accomodated, for there is no safe guard or guides at the location, only by exception or upon customer request. The ancient volcano sights and Embung Nglanggeran ponds were a pair of specific attractions that have to be developed better. Mostly tourist after enjoy the panorama and hiking track to the top of ancient volcano Nglanggeran, they went to see Embung Nglanggeran ponds. Awfully there is no public transportation, and the visitors have to go by their own transportation. More over the road were badly and dangerous. The local communities and government as stakeholder have to support the area of Nglanggeran district to be more seriously, as well as the collaboration of local community and government being well organized.
 Keywords: Ecotourism, The Ancient Volcano of Nglanggeran

PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI MASYARAKAT DI KAMPUNG RHEPANG MUAIF, NIMBOKRANG, JAYAPURA DALAM PENGELOLAAN EKOWISATA KAWASAN HUTAN ADAT

Rhepang Muaif village in Nimbokrang, Jayapura, Papua has forest that is good for birdwatching and easily accessible. The local community has already initiated an ecotourism and birdwatching group called Kelompok EkowisataBirdwatching Isyo Hiil’s RhepangMuaif. The main obstacle of that group is that it has no structuralmanagement yet. Therefore, Cenderawasih University as a state university nearby to the area has responsibility to support the management of that group trough the community service program. This program has aim to educate that group on ecosystem of biodiversity and conservation, to empower community on local biodiversity conservation, and also to develop a role model for local community management on ecotourism. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Participatory Planning were used to conduct this program. The results showed that the community has good knowledge on the diversity of the flora and fauna of their forest. They also have high awareness on forest conservation and take good care of the forest by local wisdom. A model for local community management on ecotourism has been developed by this activity. All the members of the group were fully participating and very enthusiastic in supporting the program. This program was successfully conducted by the synergy of the university, the head of local village and Kelompok Ekowisata Birdwatching Isyo Hiil’s Rhepang Muaif.Keywords: Ecotourism, conservation, Birdwaching, Isyo Hill’s, Rhepang Muaif,Jayapura

To what extent do potential conservation donors value community-aspects of conservation projects in low income countries?

There is a major gap in funding required for conservation, especially in low income countries. Given the significant contribution of taxpayers in industrialized countries to funding conservation overseas, and donations from membership organisation, understanding the preferences of ordinary people in a high income country for different attributes of conservation projects is valuable for future marketing of conservation. We conducted a discrete choice experiment with visitors to a UK zoo, while simultaneously conducting a revealed preference study through a real donation campaign on the same sample. Respondents showed the highest willingness to pay for projects that have local community involvement in management (95% confidence interval £9.82 to £15.83), and for improvement in threatened species populations (£2.97 - £13.87). Both of these were significantly larger than the willingness to pay for projects involving provision of alternative livelihoods, or improving the condition of conservation sites. Results of the simultaneous donation campaign showed that respondents were very willing to donate the suggested £1 or above donation (88% made a donation, n = 1798); there was no effect of which of the two campaigns they were exposed to (threatened species management or community involvement in management). The small number of people who did not make a donation had a higher stated willingness to pay within the choice experiment, which may suggest hypothetical bias. Conservationists increasingly argue that conservation should include local communities in management (for both pragmatic and moral reasons). It is heartening that potential conservation donors seem to agree.

Evaluación de la eficiencia comunicativa de los sitios web del destino arqueológico-patrimonial de Cartagena (España)

<p>Archaeological heritage is presented as a driven force of tourism in Mediterranean destinations. To obtain a balance between heritage conservation and tourism development is a challenge to achieve in most of heritage destinations. For this, it is proposed to grant to strategic communication through the Information and Communications Technology(ICT) greater valuation whether appropriate objectives are assigned beyond promotional or informative. Thus, this research work is devoted to identifying the capacities for strategic communication of three tourist and cultural heritage websites of Cartagena (Murcia, Spain) through a methodological analysis and evaluation resource called “Communicative Efficiency Questionnaire”(CEC).This instrument is based on three analysis criteria and consists of 11 indicators and 36 variables that demonstrate the communication efficiency of ICT and its relationship with tourism. The first analysis criterion focuses its attention on tourism-heritage relations. In this sense, it is concerned with promoting the necessary tools to manage tourism efficiently, responsibly and sustainably based on the local context and the needs of the managed population. The second analysis criterion seeks to know if the heritage site is concerned with the involvement of the stakeholders and local communities in management and that they have the knowledge and professional skills to carry out their work properly. Finally, the third analysis criterion assess whether the website includes interpretative messages that contribute to the appreciation of the public and residents about the heritage. This criterion is developed by six indicators and is very important for the CEC since they focus on the analysis of the importance of the information and its transmission through the websites. The results highlight the potential of strategic communication and the opportunity to attribute it higher uses in touristic and cultural heritage management aspects.</p>

Investigation of potential sources of conflicts from joint forest management of the Ila Local Forest in Namwala, Zambia

This paper investigates the potential sources of conflicts of Joint Forest Management in the Ila local forest, Namwala, Zambia. Joint Forest Management was implemented with the intention of involving local communities in the management of forest resources. Although these policies were intended to devolve the control and responsibilities of the state agencies to the local communities in management of the forest resources, the results showed that communities did not participate fully as they were left only with a role of consultation and conducting forest patrols with little or no incentives. Primary data was obtained through the use of questionnaire surveys, focus group discussions and observations. A total of 100 questionnaires were administered and 7 interview guides were administered on the stakeholders; namely, NGOs, CBO and some government agencies. Data was analysed using SPSS and presented in form of tables, graphs and pie charts. The study revealed that the illegal forest activities had increased with the introduction of JFM while the livelihoods of the local community did not improve. Subsequently, the lack of benefits and decision making power by the community over management of the forest resources made it impossible for them to appreciate the programme, and instead opted to continue with the illegal forest activities. There was little or no participation of all stakeholders in the programme leading to unsustainable forestry management. The study concludes that the conflicts surrounding the implementation of JFM in Zambia if not addressed would make it difficult to achieve the intended objectives of the approach. Keywords: Joint Forest Management, Decentralisation, Stakeholder Involvement

Government Policy in the Natural Resource Management of Local Community

Natural resource management is an important thing that should be done by the community for survival. Consciously of many ways in the management of natural resources has resulted in environmental damage, coupled with government policies that give permission without good supervision to entrepreneurs or private individuals in natural resource management adds a long list of environmental damage. In the last three decades, governments tend to ignore the phenomenon of legal pluralism in the legal development policy, preparation of legal instruments, as well as the implementation of the law through political neglect of the fact legal pluralism. So the product of legislation, especially those that set natural resource management, normatively ignore and displace the rights of indigenous peoples and local over control, management, and utilization of natural resources. Moreover, with deprivation of the rights of indigenous peoples’ customary rights and the implementation of development without taking into consideration the pattern of spatial planning, more and enlarge the conflict between the government and society.

Government Policy in the Natural Resource Management of Local Community

Natural resource management is an important thing that should be done by the community for survival. Consciously of many ways in the management of natural resources has resulted in environmental damage, coupled with government policies that give permission without good supervision to entrepreneurs or private individuals in natural resource management adds a long list of environmental damage. In the last three decades, governments tend to ignore the phenomenon of legal pluralism in the legal development policy, preparation of legal instruments, as well as the implementation of the law through political neglect of the fact legal pluralism. So the product of legislation, especially those that set natural resource management, normatively ignore and displace the rights of indigenous peoples and local over control, management, and utilization of natural resources. Moreover, with deprivation of the rights of indigenous peoples’ customary rights and the implementation of development without taking into consideration the pattern of spatial planning, more and enlarge the conflict between the government and society.

Does Participatory Forest Management Save the Remnant Forest in Ethiopia?

Forest resources play a critical role in supporting the livelihood of poor people worldwide, particularly in meeting daily subsistence needs. It should be managed sustainably. Conventional forest management has alienated local communities from participating in forest conservation and protection in Ethiopia, which has led to illegal and unsustainable resource utilization; hence, a resulting paradigm shift is necessary in forest management to involve local community in management of natural resources. Currently, the Ethiopian government is working to protect the remnant natural forests for their various social, economic and environmental values, with a belief that participatory forest management (PFM) can play a great role in saving natural forests. PFM was introduced in Ethiopia in the mid of 1990s, by International Non-Governmental Organizations, with the objective of promoting sustainable management and conservation of forest ecosystems and improving the livelihood of people living in or around these resources. In the present paper, researches on several forests undergoing PFM in Ethiopia were reviewed. Comprehensive review of previous studies on PFM in Ethiopia confirmed that there is an improvement in forest condition and livelihood in areas under PFM though the success is claimed to be mixed.

The impact of local community management on continuing education—a multi-level model based on the Microcensus in Germany

Bei der Analyse der Teilnahme an Weiterbildung wird bisher selten die lokale oder kleinraumliche Dimension in den Blick genommen. Das ist insofern uberraschend, als wissenschaftlich und auch bildungspolitisch erwartet wird, dass Weiterbildung nicht nur auf globale Veranderungen in der Beschaftigtenstruktur reagiert, sondern auch auf lokale Veranderungen, z. B. in demografischen Strukturen, Qualifikationsniveaus oder Migrationsbewegungen. Besonders in Hinblick auf die Anforderung, diesen Problemlagen mit differenzierten, an die Bildungsbiographie des Einzelnen angepassten Angeboten zu begegnen, wurden kommunale Gebietskorperschaften in den vergangenen Jahren in bildungspolitischen Programmen zu zentralen Bezugsraumen der Steuerung von Weiterbildung aufgewertet. Es stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern es in den Kommunen tatsachlich gelingt, (Nicht-)Teilnehmende entlang soziodemographischer Merkmale zu erreichen und welche Rolle dabei ein kommunales Bildungsmanagement spielt. Diese Frage wird anhand von Mehrebenenmodellen zu den spezifischen Effekten kommunaler Steuerungspraktiken auf die Weiterbildungsteilnahme bestimmter sozialer Gruppen untersucht. Dabei zeigen sich Unterschiede zwischen Kreisen beim Weiterbildungsverhalten Alterer sowie geringqualifizierter Manner.