Local Drug Administration Research Articles

Inhibition of collagen II arthritis by stimultaneous administration of concanavalin A and other substances with antigen emulsion

Several pharmacological agents, some of which are known to have effects on the immune system, decrease the incidence of collagen II-induced arthritis when added to the antigen emulsion. Concanavalin A, which has been reported to exert suppressive effects on the immune system in vivo, consistently reduced the immune response to the collagen antigen. These effects were dose and time dependent. The suppressive effects of pokeweed mitogen, tilorone and carrageenan on anti-collagen II responses were somewhat variable. Suppressive activity could be observed with concanavalin A and levamisole when the drugs were injected at a site distant from the collagen emulsion. These studies indicate that local administration of drugs is an effective approach for demonstrating the activity of some agents that may alter the course of collagen II disease through an effect on the immune system.

Potentiation of T-cell-mediated immunity by local chemotherapy

An investigation was made into the effects of local administration of various anti-cancer drugs during contact sensitization on the development of delayed hyper-sensitivity. Low doses of cell-cycle non-specific drugs, particularly some recently synthesized cyclophosphamide-derivatives that do not require liver conversion for their action, showed strong effector T-cell immunopotentiation. The value of this phenomenon in the treatment of malignancies is stressed, as our data imply that properly scheduled local chemotherapy may simultaneously facilitate the development of systemic immunity.

Plasma Cell Dyscrasia with Polyneuropathy and Endocrine Disorder: Clinical and Laboratory Features of 109 Reported Cases

We reviewed a series of 109 reported Japanese cases of "plasma cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy and endocrine disorder." This syndrome shows 1) polyneuropathy with increased protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid and sometimes papilledema, 2) endocrinological symptoms, including skin pigmentation, sclerosis, hypertrichosis, gynecomastia, impotence, amenorrhea, decreased glucose tolerance, edema, pleural effusion and ascites, 3) hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, 4) polycythemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytosis, 5) osteosclerotic changes and 6) plasma cell dyscrasia. Plasma cell dyscrasia is considered to be the cardinal change in this syndrome. Most of the patients have low levels of IgG lambda or IgA lambda M-protein in the serum and a slightly increased number of plasma cells in the bone marrow. The clinical course is usually chronic. Surgical excision or irradiation of the local lesion and administration of corticosteroids and/or anti-cancer drugs are effective in improving polyneuropathy and other systemic symptoms. This syndrome is apparently more common in Japan than in the United States and European countries. The pathogenesis of the association of a variety of symptoms in this syndrome is still unclear.

Antagonism of Synaptic Transmission in vivo: Contributions of Microiontophoresis

Fundamental to the problems in the study of synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system is the identification of the nature and role of transmitter substances at prescribed loci. Although recently many advances have been made in determining which compounds are endogenous to the central nervous system and which of these and other molecules alter neuronal activity, there can be little doubt that at the present level of our understanding of such brain constituent we are encountering merely a few of the basic materials requisite for the normal functioning of central neurones. Some 60 or 70 substances have now been postulated as candidates for involvement in synaptic processes. Many of the receptors for these and closely related compounds have been characterized pharmacologically through the examination of the effects of agonists and antagonists. One technique which has played a principal role in these neuropharmacological investigations is the method of local drug administration termed microiontophoresis. Although this method is invaluable for helping to answer questions at the molecular and membrane level, under circumscribed conditions its advantages may be exploited for use in experiments oriented toward a more physiological level of investigation. This short account is an attempt to provide a description of some of these conditions and further will describe some of the creative ways in which microiontophoresis has been utilized in vivo to reveal mechanisms by which the central nervous system processes information at the synaptic level.

Subcutaneously Injected Radiolabeled Liposomes: Transport to the Lymph Nodes in Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>

Male A/He mice were given sc injections in the feet with [3,5,3'-125I]triiodothyronine, [125I]T3, either in the free state or encapsulated within sonicated phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Radioactivity was recovered from the injection site, the popliteal lymph nodes (LN), blood, liver, lungs, and spleen at various times (5 min to 6 hr) after injection. The highest level of radioactivity was found in the popliteal LN of mice given liposome-encapsulated (LE) [125I]T3: For more than 3 hours after the injection, radioactivity was fivefold to fiftyfold higher there than that in all the other organs including the popliteal LN of mice given injections of free [125I]T3. The results demonstrated that sc injected liposomes enter the lymphatic pathways and reach the draining LN. Thus local administration of LE antitumor drugs into the sites of a malignant tumor before its excision might be useful in preventing postoperative metastases to the draining LN.

Phencyclidine-induced depressions of cerebellar purkinje neurons

Local administration of phencyclidine (PCP) by pressure ejection elicited a dose-dependent slowing of the spontaneous discharge of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Ketamine also depressed firing and was much less potent than PCP. Effects of both PCP and ketamine were antagonized by local or parenteral administration of antipsychotic drugs. The similarities between the electrophysiological and behavioral actions of phencyclidine suggest that alterations in neuronal discharge may underlie its psychotomimetic properties.

Ocular Complications of Drugs

Local and systemic administration of certain drugs has resulted in many forms of visual complications. These include blurred vision, disturbances in color vision, scotomata, pigmentary degeneration of the retina, and damage to the cornea, retina, and optic nerve. The drugs responsible for various of these adverse effects include those that are retinotoxic: the cardiac glycosides, the quinolines, and the phenothiazines; and those that produce toxic optic neuropathies: chlorpropamide, the corticosteroids, and chloramphenicol. Careful ophthalmologic screening whenever possible of patients who are to receive systemically administered drugs is suggested.

A New Method of Aimed Bronchography

1. Bronchoscopy is necessary but not sufficient in the diagnosis of small orifices of the bronchial system. 2. Standard bronchography procedures, such as total unilateral filling with contrast substances or aimed bronchography through Metras catheter are also inadequate methods for the diagnostic exploration of small orifices of the bronchial system. 3. Shape and direction of these tracts can only be made visible when filled through a catheter inserted into the orifice under optical control. 4. Our procedure helped to establish such rare diagnoses as excavated lymph node, peribronchial tuberculoma and pneumatocele. 5. The method described enables the aimed local administration of drugs into the explored pathologic area.

The Response of the Carotid Baroceptors to the Local Administration of Drugs

Acta Physiologica ScandinavicaVolume 25, Issue 1 p. 24-37 The Response of the Carotid Baroceptors to the Local Administration of Drugs SVEN LANDUREN, SVEN LANDUREN Department of Physiology, Kungl. Veterinarhogskolan, Stockholm.Search for more papers by this authorERIC NEIL, ERIC NEIL Department of Physiology, Kungl. Veterinarhogskolan, Stockholm. On leave from Dept. of Physiology, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London W I.Search for more papers by this authorYNGVE ZOTTERMAN, YNGVE ZOTTERMAN Department of Physiology, Kungl. Veterinarhogskolan, Stockholm.Search for more papers by this author SVEN LANDUREN, SVEN LANDUREN Department of Physiology, Kungl. Veterinarhogskolan, Stockholm.Search for more papers by this authorERIC NEIL, ERIC NEIL Department of Physiology, Kungl. Veterinarhogskolan, Stockholm. On leave from Dept. of Physiology, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London W I.Search for more papers by this authorYNGVE ZOTTERMAN, YNGVE ZOTTERMAN Department of Physiology, Kungl. Veterinarhogskolan, Stockholm.Search for more papers by this author First published: February 1952 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1952.tb00856.xCitations: 53 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume25, Issue1February 1952Pages 24-37 RelatedInformation