Loan Services Research Articles

Influence of Credit Risk Identification on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in South Sudan

Banks rely on their profitability to mitigate the chaotic nature of the dynamic environment. High financial performance contributes to the financial institutions and market development of nations. Banks’ primary function is financial intermediation, but this function entails a risk of its own which is the risk of default. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of credit risk identification on the financial performance of commercial banks in South Sudan. The research was anchored on the following three theories: Asymmetric information theory, portfolio theory, and credit risk theory. The study adopted an explanatory research design. The target population for the study was 711 employees of the 28Commercial Banks in South Sudan. The sample size was 195 respondents comprising Branch Managers, Credit Risk Managers, and Loan Officers of the Commercial Banks selected using the purposive sampling method since they are the ones exclusively dealing with lending matters daily. Primary data was used. Structured questionnaires were used, which included closed-ended to collect the primary data. The study conducted validity and reliability analysis and found a Cronbach of 0.708. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) Measured of Sampling Adequacy of credit risk identification was at 0.732 which was above 0.5. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics involves the use of mean, standard deviations, percentages, and frequencies, while inferential statistics involves the use of correlation and multiple regression analysis through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The confidence level was 95% with an error margin of 5%. The findings showed that the combined effect of credit risk identification activities influenced the financial performance of commercial banks in South Sudan positively. The study concluded that credit risk identification activities significantly influence the financial performance of commercial banks. This study recommends commercial banks’ managers and loan officers focus on enhancing their credit risk identification practices by implementing comprehensive and effective risk assessment frameworks. This can include facilitating the understanding of credit risk identification based on the products the banks offer, conducting thorough credit assessments before offering credit, evaluating potential risks associated with new loan services or products before launching the product, and engaging external experts to ensure a holistic approach to risk identification.

An empirical analysis of student’s experience towards educational loan service offered by banks

An empirical analysis of student’s experience towards educational loan service offered by banks

NORMALIZATION OF DIFFICULT LOAN PAYMENTS: A SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF LOAN SERVICE ADVERTISEMENT IN POST PANDEMIC ERA

This study focuses on semiotic analysis of Kredivo's commercial video entitled "Life as flexible as it can be”. The purpose of this research is to find the hidden meaning behind the sign used in the commercial. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to seek a deeper understanding of the meaning contained in the commercial. The theory used in this study is the semiotic analysis of Roland Barthes. The results of this study indicate that there are some hidden meanings that are made vague by only showing certain messages in a clear and straightforward manner so that the purpose of this Kredivo commercial is achieved. However, the hidden meaning can still be revealed and stated in the results of this study. The conclusion of this study is that Kredivo uses the slogan "Flexible" to build image that its users have the freedom to use their loan services. In addition, through this commercial, Kredivo also wants to instill an understanding that the comforts and difficulties in life are normal. To normalize the difficulty faced by its users after taking their loan service. As it can be normal, users do not need to worry and exaggerate it.

Renewal of Personal Data Protection Law in E-Commerce Online Loans

Online-based loan services make it easy for people to access credit, but the rapid growth of online loan services tends to open up space for "lintah darat" to get as much profit as possible. Online loans, on the one hand, provide convenience to the community. However, on the other hand, they can be detrimental by spreading personal data, intimidating, and being trapped in the clutches and bonds of online loans with high-interest rates, as well as various other threats of violence. Therefore, consumer protection and personal data protection are necessary for consumers. This research aims to provide an alternative to renewing legal protection for people who use online loans, especially in Central Java. Data collection through direct observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used an interactive model from Miles and Huberman, including data collection, reduction, data display, and conclusions. The study results show that the large number of victims ensnared by online loans proves the need for legal renewal to protect affected communities and can ensnare perpetrators who arbitrarily commit online gender-based violence. This form of protection requires more binding regulations, which regulate criminal sanctions so that they can guarantee protection, justice, and welfare for the community. Besides that, it is also necessary to accelerate the ratification of the Personal Data Protection Bill.

Legal Protection For Users Of Illegal Online Loan Services In Indonesia Reviewed From A Jurisdictional Aspect

<em>Looking at the development of technology that is so fast and also used in all fields to provide convenience. This also includes electronic transactions in online loan applications (pinjol), given the current economic conditions that are not in a good condition due to Covid-19, many people choose loan applications to meet their needs without seeing the overall consequences of their actions. The case of a pinjol application that attacks the personal data of its users is of course a prohibited act, because it is related to someone's personal data. This study aims to find out how the legal protection for illegal lending service users in Indonesia is and what are the obstacles to law enforcement in dealing with loan lending cases in Indonesia. This research uses the method. normative legal research. And it is known that in Indonesia with regard to criminal law policies that can be used to punish borrowing actors for their actions, they can use UUPK because of the position of borrowing users as consumers and use the ITE Law because transactions are carried out using electronic media. The obstacles that occur are the lack of experts in the field of electronics in law enforcement and also the ITE Law is not strong enough to ensnare borrowers</em>

Saving Product Using Blockchain for E-BMT Platform

Baitul Maal Wa At Tamwil (BMT) is a sharia financial institution that provides savings and loan services in accordance with the social, cultural, and economic needs of rural communities, especially in agricultural and plantation communities. The current data management is still using manual recording and a centralized server which can cause fraudulent financial reports and creates a lack of credibility between BMT and its customers. The research method is to decentralize the application data system by using blockchain technology, then replacing the conventional database to blockchain system. The simulation shows that the e-BMT application are connected to blockchain network as intended, users can use metamask to interact with the Ethereum network, the blockchain implementation on e-BMT application has run according to expectations with a 100% success rate with the average transfer time on two devices of 9.47 seconds and 12.13 seconds. While the results of data entry time on two devices obtained an average of 9.96 seconds and 37.09 seconds. While the blockchain implementation on e-BMT could provide access to every user so that each entity could confirm the validity of the transactions, the size of the transactions, and other data recorded on the blockchain without having to develop an integrated database system. The research contributes in two aspects, first, we develop the distributed blockchain system using public Ethereum blockchain network integrated with with popular e-wallet such as metamask, provides easy access for both customers and BMT parties who are connected to the network so that the recorded data can be accessed by anyone, and second, the application of blockchain technology to BMT is capable to interact with users as it is built on a website platform with RESTful API.

Public Attitude To Online Loans

With the ease of Peer to Peer Financial Technology (Fintech), it is easier for the community to obtain loan funding assistance. However, this convenience is inseparable from the various problems that occur, such as the many types of loans that are fraudulent or unlicensed (illegal), the spread of personal data and various other things. Thus, this research was conducted to determine people's attitudes towards online loans.This type of research is field research with a qualitative approach. The source of the research data is the community of the Sidimpuan Baru Complex, Silandit Village, South Padangsidimpuan District as many as 10 people. Data was collected by observation and interviews with research informants. The results showed that the informants (debtors) knew well. Informants actively use online loan services because of the ease of the requirements provided, guarantees for the privacy of the borrower's personal data, and feel helped by online loan services. Keywords: Community Attitude, Online Loans, Peer to Peer Lending

PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PINJAMAN PADA KOPERASI SERBA USAHA ANUGRAH USAHA KITO BERBASIS WEB

Anugrah Usaha Kito Multipurpose Cooperative is a financial institution that provides loan transaction services. The Multipurpose Business Cooperative Anugrah Usaha Kito needs to have an information system to facilitate data processing, carry out tasks appropriately, and minimize errors in recording transactions and financial calculations, because the existing system cannot support the activities carried out by the Multipurpose Business Cooperative Anugrah Usaha Kito, especially Another problem with the running program is that it still uses a manual system. To meet the above requirements, it is necessary to design a loan information system. This information system is made using the PHP programming language through the CodeIgniter framework, and MySQL as the database storage. By using database storage, the cooperative information system can facilitate the processing of member data, loan data and installment data because it has been stored in 1 central database. This web-based information system is an alternative to improve the quality of data processing and cooperative loan services. The facilities contained in this information system include processing member data, loans, installments, late fees.

Impelementasi Impelementasi Keberlanjutan Baitul Maal Wa At Tamwi:

This research is about the sustainability of Baitul Maal wa At Tamwil by using two variables, namely financing growth and human resources. Sharia economic discourse in the field of sharia microfinance institutions is interesting and needs to be developed in encouraging national economic growth, as well as a forum to encourage small entrepreneurs to grow both from their business and the household economy. This study uses a qualitative approach, research that seeks to provide an objective description of the object under study, as well as interpret and give meaning to empirical data in the field. The object of this research is KSPPS Khidmatul Ummah Bogor, which is located in Cibungbulang District, Bogor Regency. The results of this study are institutionally KSPSS Khidmatul Ummah Bogor is a sharia microfinance institution incorporated as a Sharia Savings and Loans Financing Cooperative on a Primary Scale District, which is engaged in empowering the poor and unbankable by carrying out social functions in Biatul Maal and business functions (tijari) through Baitul at Tamwil KSPSS Khidmatul Ummah. It is intended to be able to solve the economic problems of the lower middle class community in West Bogor, Bogor Regency. Mudharabah contract financing growth is able to encourage KSPPS Khidmatul Ummah to continue to exist in providing microfinance services to members to the maximum, as well as providing loan services to members with qard hasan contracts as an effort to encourage the growth of member independence. As well as in realizing institutional sustainability, KSPPS Khidmatul Ummah formed Human Resources with the characters of Shiddiiq, Amanah, Tabligh and Fathanah, with routine education methods that are ubudiyah routines and providing religious and muamalah materials to employees.
 Keywords: Baitul Maal wa At Tamwil, Sustainability, Operations

Perilaku Informasi Perpustakaan Dalam Pelayanan di Perpustakaan Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

In this study, library users were used as a source and the survey subjects were information seeking behavior at the UISU Medan Library lending and borrowing service, which also included the initiation, chaining, tracking, sorting, monitoring, selection and confirmation phases as well as the termination phases such as restrictions and occupancy factors. The purpose of this research is to find out how users search for information. The method used in this study is a qualitative method in which the collected data is compiled and analyzed. With this method, user behavior in the process of searching for information at the UISU Medan library loan service is described and analyzed. The results of the study show that the search for information in the UISU library is very flexible due to the different scope and research objectives and the information needs of each user of the UISU library. In the UISU library lending service, it is necessary to renew the user's ability to search for information, so that readers' views of various sources of information and information retrieval are better and more accurate.
 Keywords: source of information sea

Perilaku Informasi Perpustakaan Dalam Pelayanan di Perpustakaan Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

In this study, library users were used as a source and the survey subjects were information seeking behavior at the UISU Medan Library lending and borrowing service, which also included the initiation, chaining, tracking, sorting, monitoring, selection and confirmation phases as well as the termination phases such as restrictions and occupancy factors. The purpose of this research is to find out how users search for information. The method used in this study is a qualitative method in which the collected data is compiled and analyzed. With this method, user behavior in the process of searching for information at the UISU Medan library loan service is described and analyzed. The results of the study show that the search for information in the UISU library is very flexible due to the different scope and research objectives and the information needs of each user of the UISU library. In the UISU library lending service, it is necessary to renew the user's ability to search for information, so that readers' views of various sources of information and information retrieval are better and more accurate.
 Keywords: source of information sea

LOAN PURCHASE AND UTILIZATION BEHAVIOUR OF FARMERS IN A CREDIT COOPERATIVE SET-UP: A CASE STUDY OF GUJARAT STATE CO-OPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT BANK LTD. (KHETI BANK)

Rural Co-operative credit system provide various loans to farmers for the improvement of their livelihood. The banks consider many parameters before sanctioning a loan to the farmers. Land holding is an important consideration while sanctioning an agriculture loan to a farmer, besides other parameters. Among the regular loan borrowers, it is better to understand their behaviour in terms of their land holdings. A primary research survey was conducted among 450 regular loan borrowers of The Gujarat State Co-Operative Agricultural & Rural Development Bank Ltd. (GSCARDB), from three different regions of Gujarat State covering six districts. Descriptive analysis, Chi-Square test, Correlation analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) are carried out to understand the differences among the farmers in terms of their land ownership. The study findings shows that medium and large farmers segments are better aware of working of GSCARD bank. Majority of marginal farmers have borrowed the agricultural loan multiple times. Good and very good ratings on the loan services of GSCARD bank are more seen from large farmers segment. Majority from marginal, small and medium segments are 'satisfied' while majority from large farmers are 'high satisfied' with GSCARD bank. There is a significant difference among the four farmer segments in terms of average loan amount taken. Strong relationship exists among large farmers on their rating of loan services and satisfaction level. Banks perform many checks on a loan seeker before sanctioning a loan. Even then, there are loan defaulters who do not pay the loan instalments for a long time. This study aimed to understand their profile and behaviour. This study finding are based on the survey conducted among 150 loan defaulters of The Gujarat State Co-Operative Agricultural & Rural Development Bank Ltd. (GSCARDB), from three different regions of Gujarat. This study was conducted in six districts of Gujarat State. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, Chi-Square test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) are carried out. The study finding concludes that most loan defaulters are >45 years of age having more years of experience in agriculture. They have not gone through any kind of special training. They have taken loan for a medium to long term period (3 to 5 years and more). It is further observed that age, experience in agriculture, income per annum and number of times loan borrowed have no significant impact on the loan overdue amount. The loan defaulters from the three regions of Gujarat State behave similarly with no significant difference in terms of their opinion on overall loan services rating of the GSCARD bank.

Raising Awareness and Knowledge of Rural Communities against Lottery Fraud and Illegal Online Loans through Telephone and Short Message Services

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a major socio-economic impact on the community, especially the decline in income and job losses. The urgency of economic needs makes people make online loans that are illegal and have very high interest rates. The lack of public knowledge about licensed and illegal online loans has resulted in debtors being trapped in large debts and spreading personal data. Considering that rural communities who have low levels of education and knowledge are victims of prize draw scams which are disseminated via short message service (SMS) and telephone calls. Therefore, there is a need for socialization about illegal online loans and prize draw fraud to the community, especially village communities. The purpose of this service activity is to increase public awareness and knowledge about the legality of online loan services and prize draw fraud. After this service was carried out, the community in Kerinjing Village had knowledge about the legality of online loans, prevention and overcoming of online loans as well as vigilance against prize draw fraud via SMS and telephone. After the community service activities were carried out, it was found that 100% of the community understood illegal online borrowing and raffle prizes via telephone and SMS.

Internal and external analysis of community banks' performance

This study explores the efficiency of US community banks and factors that affect it. We present a slacks-based measure model for data envelopment analysis to analyze the efficiency of 3171 community banks in the US, and then conduct a panel data analysis to investigate the factors that affect banks' efficiency. The results show that bank size, community size, and unemployment rate of the region where the community bank is located are positively related to the efficiency, whereas relative affluence of a community has a negative relationship with the community bank efficiency. In addition, community banks providing real estate loans or diversifying their loan services perform better than those concentrating on agricultural loans, which account for a large proportion of the loans provided by US community banks whose traditional role is to provide banking services to rural communities and act as major credit providers for agricultural producers.

Llegal Financial Technology Loans Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic Problem

This study aims to identify and analyze illegal online lending practices in the midst of the Covid-19 problems. The research method used in this research is normative juridical research, namely the method of doctrinal legal research by reviewing the applicable regulatory provisions as a basis for analyzing the problems that occur and providing a paradigm as an effort to mitigate those problems. This qualitative research uses a descriptive analysis from primary and secondary legal materials through the study of documents and related literature. Based on the results of the study, the pandemic situation has resulted in growing illegal online loan services. Many individuals and micro, small and medium enterprises UMKM) are entangled in lending and borrowing due to the capital needs as a result of the Emergency Public Activity Restrictions (PPKM) policy. Based on the findings, the authors suggested that the improvement of public literacy related to lending needs to be encouraged, including efforts to ratify the personal data protection law and the drafting of the Fintech

Safaricom Limited’s Mobile Money Services and Access to Trade Credit by Microenterprises in Nairobi City County Kenya

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of mobile money services on access to trade credit by microenterprises in Kamukunji market, Nairobi City County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were; to assess whether digital payment-buy goods application (till number), saving and loan product (mshwari), mpesa for business application, pochi la biashara application have influence on access to trade credit by microenterprises in Kamukunji market. The study was guided by; Technology Acceptance theory, Unified Theory of Acceptance and use of technology, Diffusion innovation Theory and Technology, organization and Environment theory. The study employed a descriptive research approach and targeted 4,080 registered microenterprises in Kamukunji Market, Nairobi City County as per the City County Business Register of 2021. The sample size of the study was 351 microenterprises. A self-administered questionnaire was employed for the study's primary data. Data analysis was aided by SPSS using both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results were displayed through tables and charts. The findings demonstrated that, savings and loan service, digital payment service, mpesa for business and pochi la biashara jointly explained 82 percent of the variation in access to trade credit among businesses in Kamukunji market. The study also established positive and significant relationship between all the independent variables and access to trade credit among businesses in Kamukunji market. The study concludes that Safaricom Ltd mobile money services have significant effect on access to trade credit by microenterprises in Kamukunji market, Nairobi City County Kenya. The study thus recommends that businesses in Kamukunji County and other microenterprises in other counties should strive to embrace Safaricom Ltd mobile money services such as savings and loan service, digital payment, mpesa for business, pochi la biashara since they enhance access to trade credit for the businesses. There is need to do further studies in area related to cost of accessing trade credit under the fintech firms and huge data available for assessing creditworthiness of borrowers. Keywords: Mobile Money Services, Savings and loan, Digital payment, Mpesa for business, Pochi la biashara.

The Legal Protection for Customers Using Online Loan Services

Currently, financial technology (fintech) is developing rapidly in Indonesia. The number of available fintech operating companies is increasing. The role of the Financial Services Authority is very important in supervising fintech-based companies in Indonesia in accordance with their authority in the field of financial services in general. The functions and authorities of the Financial Services Authority (in Bahasa “OJK”) are contained in Articles 4 and 5 of the Financial Services Authority Law with the aim of protecting consumers from all activities in the financial sector. This is also stated in Act No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (Consumer Protection Law) specifically in the field of Financial Services Products. Other rules regarding fintech supervision are contained in the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 77/POJK. 01/2016 concerning Information Technology-Based Lending and Borrowing Services. The problem discussed is how is legal protection for customers in online loan agreements? What are the steps taken by the government to protect the rights of consumers who use illegal online loan services? The research method used is a normative juridical approach. Sources and types of research data collected by library studies include primary data, secondary data and tertiary data after being analyzed qualitatively. As of the time of writing, the regulations regarding OJK supervision of fintech-based companies are still minimal, so the importance of consumer protection in Indonesian law enforcement because there are still complaints from people in Indonesia in using online loan services. As of the time of writing, the regulations regarding OJK supervision of fintech-based companies are still minimal, so the importance of consumer protection in Indonesian law enforcement because there are still complaints from customer in Indonesia in using online loan services. Therefore, the importance of the involvement of the Financial Services Authority in providing guarantees of legal protection for the public, especially customers who use online-based lending and borrowing services.

Penerapan Metode Vikor untuk Menentukan Pemberian Dana Mekaar Plus pada PNM Kota Binjai


 PT Permodalan Nasional Madani or PNM, is here as a solution to improve welfare through access to capital, assistance and capacity building programs for business actors. Along with business development, in 2016, PNM launched a capital loan service for underprivileged women who are ultra micro business actors through the Fostering a Prosperous Family Economy (PNM Mekaar) program. For this reason, PNM must be more careful and considerate in determining the provision of Mekaar Plus loans. In order not to make mistakes and cause disappointment in the future. So it is necessary to build a system that can be used as a determining and alternative system in determining how to provide Mekaar Plus funds by using a decision support system. This system will be able to make decisions quickly and precisely according to predetermined criteria. So that in the process of giving the blooming funds it can be done more effectively and can reduce the occurrence of errors in the decision-making process. There are many methods used in the decision-making process. One of the methods used in this research is the Vise Kriterijumska Optimizajica I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method.
 Keywords: Decision Support System, PNM, Mekaar, VIKOR

Consumption Loan Augmented Divisia Monetary Index and China Monetary Aggregation

Simple sum monetary aggregates are based on accounting conventions and have no aggregation theoretic foundations in economic theory. In contrast, Divisia monetary aggregates are directly derived from aggregation and index number theory. Credit card services cannot be included in simple sum monetary aggregates since accounting conventions cannot aggregate over assets and liabilities. However, microeconomic aggregation theory aggregates over service flows, not stocks, regardless of whether from assets or liabilities. As a result, it has recently been shown that Divisia monetary aggregates can be augmented to include credit card services and are available from the Center for Financial Stability in New York City. Other sources of consumer credit cannot be included in Divisia monetary aggregates for the United States since other sources of consumer credit in the United States are linked to specific groups of consumer goods and hence, violate the weak separability condition for the existence of an aggregator function. However, China produces a unique opportunity to broaden the Divisia monetary aggregates since sources of consumer credit, not limited to credit cards, are applicable to all consumption purchases and hence, do not violate the existence condition for an aggregator function. We report initial results with a broader Chinese Divisia monetary aggregate, including not only credit card services but also other broadly acceptable consumer loan services.

Three Product Implementations for Improving “Just-In-Time” Delivery of Library Resources

ABSTRACT The academic library plays a pivotal role within the organizational framework of higher education, supporting teaching, learning, and research with robust collections of materials in an array of formats. The value and ease of access to academic library collections within the higher education organizational framework cannot be understated. Accordingly, neither can the importance of interlibrary loan services from which users may gain access to materials beyond the local collection. In an effort to enhance access and discovery of materials, promote interlibrary loan services, and meet the goals and objectives of a new strategic plan. The University of Alabama Libraries implemented three new tools over the course of a few short months: Lean Library, Article Galaxy Scholar, and EBSCO custom linking. This article presents a case study detailing the implementation of these tools at a major research library.