Metal Loading Research Articles

Experimental study of low-temperature combustion performance in hydrogen/air mixtures over Pt–Cu/HZSM-5/cordierite bimetallic catalysts

Catalytic combustion provides a feasible technology to effectively avoid NOx formation due to the high temperature in the process of hydrogen combustion. Recently, the development of efficient and affordable catalysts has attracted extensive attention as the cost of noble metals remained high. In this study, a list of cordierite monolithic catalysts with low noble metal loading are prepared by introducing the appropriate amount of transition metals (Mn, Cu, Fe, Co, and Ce), and their catalytic performance are further investigated. On this basis, the study on catalytic stability and kinetic is carried out, and the synergistic interaction between the bimetals is revealed with comprehensive characterization methods. The results show that Cu could promote the reaction rate of the Pt-based catalyst which show the best catalytic performance with the Cu loading of 1 g/L. The ignition temperature T10 is 58.5 °C, and the burnout temperature T100 is 100 °C, with activation energy as low as 44.00 kJ/mol. The enhancement of the catalytic performance is attributed to the interaction between the bimetallic elements. On the one hand, the valence state of Cu and Pt is changed, and on the other hand the dispersion of Pt get improved, which contributed to the catalytic reaction rate.

The competition of heavy metals between hyporheic sediments and microplastics of driving factors in the Beiluo River Basin

Both sediments and microplastics (MPs) are medias of heavy metals (HMs) in river ecosystems. This study investigated HMs (Mn, Cr, V, As, Cu, Co, Cd, Pb, and Ni) concentration and driving factors for competitive enrichment between hyporheic sediments versus MPs. The medias basic characteristics indicated that the sediments were mostly sand and rich in Fe2O3; three polymer types were identified, with blue, fragment, less than 500 µm being the main types of MPs. The results have shown that the average content of extracted HMs in MPs was much higher than that of the same metals accumulated in sediments. HMs in sediments and MPs reached heavily polluted at some points, among which As and Cd were ecological risks. Electrostatic adsorption and surface complexation, and biofilm-mediated and organic matter complexation were the interaction mechanism of HMs with sediments and MPs. Further, the driving factors affecting the distribution of HMs in the two carriers were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis. The results demonstrated that carrier characteristics, hydrochemical factors, and the inherent metal load of MPs were the main causes of the high HMs content. These findings improved our understanding of HMs fate and environmental risks across multiple medias.

Valorization of agroindustrial orange peel waste during the optimization of activated carbon–multiwalled carbon nanotubes–zinc oxide composites used in the removal of methylene blue in wastewater

Activated carbons (AC) produced from agroindustrial orange peel (OP) wastes and/or commercial multi–walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were modified with ZnO nanoparticles in different amounts (15 and 30 wt–%) for the removal of methylene blue in aqueous solutions. The MWCNTs functionalization was carried out by typical procedure in acid medium using a ratio of 3:1 (HNO3/H2SO4). A batch adsorption analysis was carried out evaluating different parameters: MB concentration from 40 to 100 mg L–1; pH values between 4 and 10 and adsorption time that varied from 1 to 48 h. The modified materials were characterized through the techniques XRD, FTIR, BET, TGA, SEM and UV–vis. The results showed an adequate dispersion of ZnO NPs on the carbon surfaces with a typical flower–like morphology this type of shape developed micropores that facilitate adsorption phenomena. Under the evaluation conditions, 20 mg of carbon–based materials can remove up to 89.5 ± 4.47 % of MB (80 ppm) after 24 h of exposure at a regulated pH of 8. The equilibrium adsorption data were better fitted by a Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9999) than the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.9366); showing in the best case a maximum adsorption capacity of 1250 mg g−1 for both materials with 30 wt–% of ZnO NPs (AC–MWCTs or MWCNTs). Experimental data also suggest that the most likely mechanism is chemisorption followed by physical adsorption. Then, the compounds with 30 wt–% metal loading (ZnO NPs), AC–MWCNTs–ZnO or MWCNTs–ZnO, displayed the most interesting properties for MB dye removal. AC–ZnO compounds can also remove about 88.75 ± 4.43 % of MB, demonstrating that it can also be a facile and low–cost method to improve the surface area in carbonaceous structures by promoting a strong interaction with the ZnO NPs, which in turn helps to remove contaminants in water efficiently.

Pseudo-total metal loads in dusts and soils of the steel city and coal capital of India: source apportionment and assessment of human health and ecological risks

Pseudo-total metal loads in dusts and soils of the steel city and coal capital of India: source apportionment and assessment of human health and ecological risks

TiO2 nanotubes modification by photodeposition with noble metals: Characterization, optimization, photocatalytic activity, and by-products analysis

Self-organized TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) with 4 µm length were obtained by anodization method and calcined to obtain anatase crystallite phase. The photocatalysts were further decorated with Au, Ag, Pt or Pd nanoparticles (NPs), varying the metal loads (0.50, 0.75, 1, 2 and 5 mol%) by photodeposition. The material characterization confirmed the presence of nanoparticles in the TNTs surface, signs of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect for some samples and a bandgap energy of 3.1–3.2 eV. Photoluminescence measurements also confirmed that most of the samples with metallic nanoparticles had the recombination of photogenerated carriers lowered due to the trapping effect of the deposited metal NPs. The photoactivity was evaluated by phenol degradation using UV-Vis or visible radiation. Under UV-Vis, the best samples (2 and 5 mol% of Au-TNTs and 0.75, 1, and 2 mol% of Pd-TNTs) led to 97% phenol removal in 60 min while pristine TNTs reached 92% removal. Under visible radiation, the pristine and the Au-TNTs led to about 3% removal, with the best sample being 2 mol% Pd-TNTs with 14% removal in 60 min. Similar results were obtained for 1 and 5 mol% Pd-TNTs (12% and 13% of phenol removal, respectively). The by-products analysis suggest different degradation mechanisms and it is observed different kinetic rates for different metal types, metal loads or types of radiation.

Surface modified FeCoZn-ZIF derived polyhedral electrocatalysts for ORR under alkaline and acidic conditions

Electrocatalysts for catalyzing oxygen reduction reactions at variable pH conditions are essential for energy conversion and storage. Herein, Fe@FeCoZn–CN electrocatalysts were prepared with internal and external doping approach. The Fe@FeCoZn–CN electrocatalyst exhibits a desirable ORR performance in both acid and alkaline electrolytes. Specifically, the half-wave potential (E1/2) of Fe@FeCoZn–CN electrocatalyst is 0.890 V which far beyond Pt/C electrocatalyst (0.839 V) in alkaline electrolyte. In addition, Fe@FeCoZn–CN electrocatalyst also exhibits improved ORR activity (E1/2 = 0.801 V) compared to Pt/C (0.797 V) electrocatalysts in acidic electrolytes. What's exciting is that the rechargeable ZABs based on Fe@FeCoZn–CN electrocatalysts exhibit an impressive performance with a favorable open-circuit potential of 1.517 V and a promising specific capacity is 833.7 mA h gzn−1, good charge/discharge cycle stability. The remarkable ORR catalytic performance of Fe@FeCoZn–CN electrocatalysts can be traced to the internal doping of metals which prevent excessive metal aggregation and surface modified which can increase the metal loading to expose more active sites.

Volatile budgets and evolution in porphyry-related magma systems, determined using apatite

Volatile-bearing minerals, such as apatite, Ca5(PO4)3(OH,F,Cl), can record changes in dissolved magmatic volatile species during differentiation and, unlike melt inclusions, are sensitive to the presence of an exsolved fluid phase. Populations of apatite crystals from an individual sample can therefore be used to define the progressive volatile evolution of melt ± fluid during magma differentiation. Despite the importance of fluid chemistry in mineralisation processes, this approach remains relatively underdeveloped for porphyry mineralisation scenarios. Here, we present a model, including a standalone MATLAB app, for melt + apatite ± fluid fractionation that incorporates non-ideal, temperature-dependent KDs for OH-Cl-F exchange and permits an analysis of uncertainty arising from non-unique parameter combinations. We apply the model to apatite from the Fe-Cu-Au Corrocohuayco porphyry-skarn system and analyse differences in volatile saturation state and fluid salinity between different units. We find that there is little difference in the overall fluid salinity, and thus the fluid copper loads, but that the more primitive unit (i.e. the gabbrodiorites) reached fluid saturation much later (after around 50% crystallisation) than the more evolved units, implying that the melt volatile concentration recorded by the apatites in the gabbrodiorites is not representative of the initial magma volatile budget. This work demonstrates that apatite can be a good alternative means of reconstructing the evolving magmatic fluid salinity within mineralising systems, and linking this to the trace metal content of the melt.

Heavy metals in afforested mangrove sediment from the world's largest delta: Distributional mapping, contamination status, risk assessment and source tracing

This study aims to assess seasonal and spatial variations, contamination status, ecological risks, and metal sources (Ni, Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn) in human-afforested mangrove sediments in a deltaic region. Five sampling locations were sampled during dry and wet seasons. Heavy metal concentrations followed the order: Mn > Zn > Ni > Cr > Cu > Pb. Metal loads, except Cu and Pb, were higher during the dry season, aligning with national and international recommendations. Sediment quality guidelines, contamination factor, geoaccumulation index, enrichment factors, and pollution load index indicated uncontaminated sediment in both seasons. Potential ecological risk assessment showed low risk conditions in all sites. However, modified hazard quotient indicated moderate pollution risk from all metals except Pb. Analysis suggests anthropogenic sources, particularly evident near shipbreaking yards in Sitakunda. While initially uncontaminated, ongoing metal influx poses a potential risk to mangrove ecosystems.

Four-channel catalytic micro-reactor based on alumina hollow fiber membrane for efficient catalytic oxidation of CO

The traditional automotive catalytic converter using commercial ceramic honeycomb carriers has many problems such as high back pressure, low engine efficiency, and high usage of precious metals. This study proposes a four-channel catalytic micro-reactor based on alumina hollow fiber membrane, which uses phase inversion method for structural molding and regulation. Due to the advantages of its carrier, it can achieve lower ignition temperature under low noble metal loading. With Pd/CeO2 at a loading rate of 2.3% (mass), the result showed that the reaction ignition temperature is even less than 160 °C, which is more than 90 °C lower than the data of commercial ceramic substrates under similar catalyst loading and airspeed conditions. The technology in turn significantly reduces the energy consumption of the reaction. And stability tests were conducted under constant conditions for 1000 hours, which proved that this catalytic converter has high catalytic efficiency and stability, providing prospects for the design of innovative catalytic converters in the future.

Phytochemical profiling, evaluation of heavy metal load, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of various medicinal plants

In Ethiopia, medicinal herbs have played a prominent role in relieving pain and curing various diseases for humans and animals for many years. However, consumers don't know what kinds of phytochemicals are in the plants or the amount of metal they contain. Thus, in this study, polyphenol content, flavonoid content, antioxidant capacities, antibacterial activity and the level of metals in Asparagus africanus root, Ferula communis, Stephania abyssinia, Brucea antidysenterica and Vernonia amygdalina, were analyzed. Identifying the phytochemicals, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and levels of metals in medicinal plants ensures their safety and efficacy and provides a deeper understanding of the healing properties of plants in areas where modern medicines are not easily accessible. The antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, and the antibacterial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion method. Among the studied plant extracts, Vernonia amygdalina displayed the maximum phenolic content (810 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoid content (515.78 mg QE/100 g), and DPPH radical scavenging activity (14.42 mg AAE/g), whereas the least level of total phenolic (160.82 mg GAE/100 g), total flavonoid (30.65 mg QE/100 g), and DPPH radical scavenging (1.14 mg AAE/g) were recorded in Asparagus africanus. The highest inhibition zone was recorded, with an inhibitory zone of 11 mm for S. aurous and 11 mm for E. coli. The least zone of inhibition was obtained in gram-negative bacteria (K. pneumonia) with a diameter less than 8 mm. Asparagus africanus contained the highest levels of Mn and Fe, while Cu and Zn were found to be the highest in Stephania abyssinia. Cr was only detected in Ferula communis, and Cd was found to be below the detection limit. Due to their better antioxidant and antibacterial properties, the extracts of these plants might be used as a natural starting material in treating cancer and to prepare anti-cancer drugs.

Boosting photocatalytic water splitting of TiO2 using metal (Ru, Co, or Ni) co-catalysts for hydrogen generation

The photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles toward hydrogen generation can be significantly improved via the loading of various metals e.g., Ru, Co, Ni as co-catalysts. The metal co-catalysts are loaded into TiO2 nanoparticles via different deposition methods; incipient wet impregnation (Imp), hydrothermal (HT), or photocatalytic deposition (PCD). Among all of the tested materials, 0.1 wt% Ru–TiO2 (Imp) provided the highest initial hydrogen catalytic rate of 23.9 mmol h−1 g−1, compared to 10.82 and 16.55 mmol h−1 g−1 for 0.3 wt% Ni–TiO2 (Imp) and 0.3 wt% Co–TiO2 (Imp), respectively. The loading procedures, co-catalyst metals type, and their loading play a significant role in elevating the photocatalytic activity of pristine TiO2 semiconductors toward hydrogen generation. Redox transition metals e.g., Co and Ni exhibit comparable photocatalytic performance to expensive elements such as Ru.

Unveiling the effects of nickel loading on methane dry reforming: Perspectives from ni/fibrous Zeolite-Y catalysts

The development of new technologies that employ greenhouse gases, such as CO2 and CH4, is becoming more important in the fight against global warming. Catalytic methane dry reforming (MDR) is one straightforward way to reduce CO2 and CH4. In this study, the influence of nickel (Ni) loading on the catalytic performance of fibrous zeolite-Y catalysts (Ni/FHY) for MDR was explored. The study involved the synthesis and testing of Ni/FHY with varying Ni loadings (1 wt% to 10 wt%). The results demonstrate that the metal loading significantly affects the catalysts' performance through metal-support interaction. The catalytic activity showed that the performance of FHY increased with optimum metal loading of 5 wt% where the CO2 conversion increased to 90.3% from 82.2%, and CH4 conversion to 94.2% from 79.6%. The findings suggest that the 5 wt% optimal Ni loading showed the critical role of the metal-support interaction in shaping catalytic properties. Hence, this work provides insights into catalyst optimization for sustainable industrial processes, highlights the importance of the synergistic metal-support interaction, and provides insights into the relationship between Ni content and catalytic behavior. Thus, it offers a basis for optimizing catalysts in MDR and contributes to the advancement of sustainable industrial processes.

Scaling high-speed counter-current chromatography for preparative neodymium purification: Insights and challenges

Efficient rare earth element (REE) separations are becoming increasingly important to technologies ranging from renewable energy and high-performance magnets to applied radioisotope separations. These separations are made challenging by the extremely similar chemical and physical characteristics of the individual elements, which almost always occupy the 3+ oxidation state under ambient conditions. Herein, we discuss the development of a novel REE separation aimed at obtaining purified samples of neodymium (Nd) on a multi-milligram scale using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). The method takes advantage of the subtle differences in ionic radii between neighboring REEs to tune elution rates in dilute acid through implementation of the di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP)-infused stationary phase (SP) of the column. A La/Ce/Nd/Sm separation was demonstrated at a significantly higher metal loading than previously accomplished by HSCCC (15 mg, RNd/REE > 0.85), while the Pr/Nd separation was achieved at lower metal loadings (0.3 mg, RNd/Pr = 0.75 – 0.83). The challenges associated with scaling REE separations via HSCCC are presented and discussed within.

Silica-supported Active Ni Nanocatalyst for Wittig Reaction

Abstract: The preparation and characterization of SBA-15 supported Ni catalysts with varying metal loading (1, 2, and 3% by weight) was carried out using the impregnation technique, followed by a rigorous characterization using advanced analytical techniques. The catalytic performance of the synthesized catalysts was evaluated for the Wittig-type olefination reaction, and it was found that the SBA- 15-3Ni catalyst exhibited superior activity for this reaction under mild reaction conditions (70°C and 1 hour). The corresponding stilbenes were obtained in good yield, although with low to average diastereoselectivity. An important feature of this protocol is that the proposed methodology is especially efficient for the synthesis of stilbenes since no additives are required to serve as a hydrogen acceptor. Moreover, the new catalytic system was successfully employed for the synthesis of polymethoxylated and polyhydroxylated stilbenes, including resveratrol and DMU-212, with high yield and easy product isolation. A key advantage of this protocol is that the catalysts can be reused for up to 5 runs without significant loss in catalytic activity, which makes this approach highly sustainable and cost-effective. Additionally, the ligand-free approach proposed in this study is an added advantage, which makes it more attractive for large-scale synthesis of biologically active compounds.

Spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals loads in Guanshan River Basin based on SWAT modeling

ABSTRACT This study takes Guanshan River Basin, a typical inflow river of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, as the research area, and the nonpoint source (NPS) pollution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus from 2013 to 2018 were evaluated by establishing a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The pollution characteristics of heavy metals were also evaluated by combining the SWAT and simple output coefficient method. The results show that the pollutant load in Guanshan River Basin contributes significantly to the Danjiangkou Reservoir. Temporally, pollutant loads were primarily concentrated in the flood season, which had a significant positive correlation with precipitation, water yield, and sediments in the abundant period. Among them, sediments were the most important driving factor, followed by water yield. Spatially, pollutant loads were mainly concentrated downstream of the basin, where cultivated land is widespread. In this regard, it is suggested that the input of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and livestock manure in cultivated land should be controlled and soil erosion downstream of the basin should be prevented to mitigate nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metal pollution. This research offers a basis for the formulation and implementation of watershed management for the Danjiangkou Reservoir.

Tandem supported, high metal-loading, non-PGM electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Developing non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a critical effort toward low-cost fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Such catalysts require a uniform dispersion of metal atoms on a solid support, typically consisting of nitrogen doped carbon. However, the synthesis of non-PGM electrocatalysts is often complex, and metal loadings are typically below 10 wt. %, limiting the number of active sites and, therefore, the catalytic activity. In this work, we overcome these limits by synthesizing tandem supported, copper loaded electrocatalysts. Through one-pot pyrolysis, we make carbon black/Cu-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) core–shell structures to optimize the trade-off between conductivity and metal-loading capacity and achieve a Cu loading larger than 20 wt. %. By controlling the pyrolysis temperature, we systematically modulate the catalyst composition, structure, electrocatalytic activity, and stability. At a low pyrolysis temperature of only 600 °C, we achieve an onset potential of 0.90 V and a half-wave potential of 0.81 V vs RHE for alkaline ORR and negligible current loss after 10 000 potential cycles. These results demonstrate an effective approach to realize non-PGM electrocatalysts with optimum metal-loading, activity, and stability, thus unlocking their potential for real-world applications.

Assessing heavy metal and physiochemical pollution load of Danro River and its management using floating bed remediation

River Danro in Garhwa (India) plays a vital role as a significant source of surface water and a crucial tributary of the North Koel River, ultimately joining the Ganga River Basin. Serving both urban-industrial and rural areas, the region faces challenges, including sand mining near Belchampa Ghat. This study aimed to assess physicochemical and heavy metals pollution at nine sampling locations, utilizing the Overall Index of Pollution (OIP), Nemerow Pollution Index (NPI), and Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI). OIP values indicated excellent surface water quality (0.71) in non-monsoon and slight pollution (6.28) in monsoon. NPI ranged from 0.10 to 1.74 in non-monsoon and from 0.22 (clean) to 27.15 (heavily polluted) in monsoon. HPI results suggested groundwater contamination, particularly by lead. Principal component analysis (PCA) and geospatial mapping showed similar outcomes, highlighting the influence of adjacent land use on water quality. Recognizing the significance of the Danro River in sustaining life, livelihoods, and economic growth, the study recommends implementing measures like floating bed remediation and regulatory actions for effective river management. The study acknowledges weaknesses in the current practical assessment methods for water contamination. These weaknesses make it difficult to put plans for cleaning up and controlling contamination into action. Because of this, future research on developing new in-place remediation techniques should focus on creating better ways to measure how effective the cleanup is.

Au- ZnFe2O4 hollow microspheres based gas sensor for detecting the mustard gas simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide

Mustard gas, a representative of blister agents, poses a severe threat to human health. Although the structure of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) is similar to mustard gas, 2-CEES is non-toxic, rendering it a commonly employed simulant in related research. ZnFe2O4-based semiconductor gas sensors exhibit numerous advantages, including structural stability, high sensitivities, and easy miniaturization. However, they exhibit insufficient sensitivity at low concentrations and require high operating temperatures. Owing to the effect of electronic and chemical sensitization, the gas-sensing performance of a sensor may be remarkably enhanced via the sensitization method of noble metal loading. In this study, based on the morphologies of ZnFe2O4 hollow microspheres, a solvothermal method was adopted to realize different levels of Au loading. Toward 1 ppm of 2-CEES, the gas sensor based on 2 wt.% Au-loaded ZnFe2O4 hollow microspheres exhibited a response sensitivity twice that of the gas sensor based on pure ZnFe2O4; furthermore, the response/recovery times decreased. Additionally, the sensor displayed excellent linear response to low concentrations of 2-CEES, outstanding selectivity in the presence of several common volatile organic compounds, and good repeatability, as well as long-term stability. The Au-loaded ZnFe2O4-based sensor has considerable potential for use in detecting toxic chemical agents and their simulants.Graphical abstract

Synthesize and Characterization of Pt-supported Co-ZIF for Catalytic Hydrocracking and Hydroisomerization of n-Hexadecane

Zeolitic Imidazole Frameworks (ZIFs) are prospective porous materials as catalyst support due to their relatively large surface area, and tunability in size, structure, and porosity. Recent studies have also shown that ZIF is the best candidate for various catalytic redox reactions such as the oxidation of benzyl aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, the synthesized Pt catalyst supported on Co-ZIF was varied by the organic ligands: imidazole, benzimidazole, and 1-(3-aminopropyl) imidazole, then followed by impregnation of Pt precursor. The catalysts were characterized its physical and chemicals properties such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET), Temperature-Programmed Desorption (NH3-TPD and CO2-TPD). The prepared catalysts were evaluated for catalytic hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane in a 100 ml-batch reactor. GC-MS analysis presented that the Pt/ZIF catalyst with imidazole ligands has better performance than others. Hence, the optimization of n-Hexadecane conversion was carried out by the Pt/ZIF-imidazole catalyst varying the amount of metal loading, time and temperature reaction. The results showed that the reaction temperature of 350 ºC using 20 bar H2 for 4 h and the addition of 15 wt% Pt successfully achieved 90.77% conversion and produced the highest yield of isomers and alkanes, 4.04% and 35.75%, respectively. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Enhanced propane dehydrogenation performance using bimetallic-modified GaPt/SiO2-Al2O3 with ultralow-loading Pt

Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is used to increase propylene production and to produce hydrogen as a by-product. Despite the widespread utilisation of Pt-loaded catalysts in industrial PDH operations, challenges such as excessive noble metal loading and coking persist in the face of rigorous reaction conditions. These hindrances limit to achieving the optimal economic efficiency. In this work, we report a method aimed at reducing Pt loading to only 0.05 wt% through synergistic modification of GaPt catalysts loaded on SiO2-Al2O3 supports (i.e. SIRAL) with K and Ce. The resulting catalysts exhibit remarkable stability and elevated activity for propane dehydrogenation. The K+ and SiO2 could modulate the support surface acidity and immobilizes the active tetrahedral Ga3+ sites, which improves the catalytic performance and reduce coke deposition. Furthermore, the inclusion of Ce decreases the electron density of the Pt species, stabilizing the atomically dispersed Pt and enhances the formation of active Pt sites, which effectively impedes the Pt agglomeration. As a result, the GaPtKCe/SIRAL10 catalyst demonstrates excellent catalytic performance, achieving 47% propane conversion and >96% propylene selectivity, while maintaining notable stability with 0.016 h−1 deactivation rate constant at 580 °C, even without hydrogen co-feed.