Livestock Marketing Research Articles

Examining gender differences in indigenous chicken commercialisation intent – evidence from North-Western Zambia

This paper contributes to the smallholder agriculture commercialisation literature by applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour in an under-researched developing country context. The study examines the influence of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control on the Scaling-Up intent among smallholder village chicken (free-range or indigenous) farmers in North-western Zambia. Additionally, gender differences regarding commercialisation intent are examined. Based on a quantitative correlational design utilising 556 smallholder farmers’ primary data from a structured questionnaire, statistical correlation and student’s T-test models were employed. The findings indicate that attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control have unique positive significant effects on commercialisation practices intention (CPI) and CPI in turn positively influences commercialisation scaling-up intention (CSI). Additionally, the study found significant gender differences in all aspects of the model except for subjective norms. Despite the study being cross-sectional and based on one district in Zambia, the findings have important implications. For policymakers and enterprise support institutions, understanding the socio-psychological factors of smallholder farmers is important before introducing any interventions to promote the commercialisation of the village chicken. Additionally, there is a need to encourage farmers to adopt commercialisation practices in livestock management, investment and marketing. This would increase the chances of transitioning from subsistence to commercial farming. In terms of narrowing the gender gap in participation, there is a need for policymakers to tailor interventions that would help improve the attitude of women towards commercialisation and to reduce the perceived barriers. The study pioneers application of the TPB in this context.

Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Infections Linked to Dairy Calf Exposure, United States, 2015-2018.

In August 2016, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services notified the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg infections in people who reported contact with dairy calves. Federal and state partners investigated this to identify the source and scope of the outbreak and to prevent further illnesses. Cases were defined as human Salmonella Heidelberg infection caused by a strain that had one of seven pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns or was related by whole genome sequencing (WGS), with illness onset from January 1, 2015, through July 2, 2018. Patient exposure and calf purchase information was collected and analyzed; calves were traced back from the point of purchase. Isolates obtained from animal and environmental samples collected on-farm were supplied by veterinary diagnostic laboratories and compared with patient isolates using PFGE and WGS. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by standardized broth microdilution was performed. Sixty-eight patients from 17 states were identified. Forty (63%) of 64 patients noted cattle contact before illness. Thirteen (33%) of 40 patients with exposure to calves reported that calves were sick or had died. Seven individuals purchased calves from a single Wisconsin livestock market. One hundred forty cattle from 14 states were infected with the outbreak strain. WGS indicated that human, cattle, and environmental isolates from the livestock market were genetically closely related. Most isolates (88%) had resistance or reduced susceptibility to antibiotics of ≥5 antibiotic classes. This resistance profile included first-line antibiotic treatments for patients with severe salmonellosis, including ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin. In this outbreak, MDR Salmonella Heidelberg likely spread from sick calves to humans, emphasizing the importance of illness surveillance in animal populations to prevent future spillover of this zoonotic disease.

Stock Prediction Based on Technical Indicators Using Deep Learning Model

Stock market trends forecast is one of the most current topics and a significant research challenge due to its dynamic and unstable nature. The stock data is usually non-stationary, and attributes are non-correlative to each other. Several traditional Stock Technical Indicators (STIs) may incorrectly predict the stock market trends. To study the stock market characteristics using STIs and make efficient trading decisions, a robust model is built. This paper aims to build up an Evolutionary Deep Learning Model (EDLM) to identify stock trends’ prices by using STIs. The proposed model has implemented the Deep Learning (DL) model to establish the concept of Correlation-Tensor. The analysis of the dataset of three most popular banking organizations obtained from the live stock market based on the National Stock exchange (NSE) – India, a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) is used. The datasets encompassed the trading days from the 17 of Nov 2008 to the 15 of Nov 2018. This work also conducted exhaustive experiments to study the correlation of various STIs with stock price trends. The model built with an EDLM has shown significant improvements over two benchmark ML models and a deep learning one. The proposed model aids investors in making profitable investment decisions as it presents trend-based forecasting and has achieved a prediction accuracy of 63.59%, 56.25%, and 57.95% on the datasets of HDFC, Yes Bank, and SBI, respectively. Results indicate that the proposed EDLA with a combination of STIs can often provide improved results than the other state-of-the-art algorithms.

Factors Affecting the Income of Farmers Participating In Traditional and Modern Livestock Markets: Case Study from Benin Republic

Livestock markets in pastoral areas of Africa are institutions that facilitate the marketing of animals and their products. The income of farmers participating in these livestock markets is influenced by various social and economic factors. These factors are generally not considered by farmers when making their decisions. Knowledge and control of these factors will enable farmers to make rational decisions in the production and sale of their animals, and thus improve their income. It is in this context that this study aimed to determine the factors affecting the income of rural households engaged in animal husbandry in the Republic of Benin. Livestock production system in Benin has been mostly traditional. However, the system has been gradually modernized. The farmers have marketed their livestock and livestock products in two types of self-managed livestock markets which are “Marché à Bétail Autogéré” (MBA) as modern market and “Marché à bétails Traditionnel (MT) as traditional livestock markets. The data of the research were obtained from face-to-face surveys conducted with 300 farmers in livestock markets. Multivariate regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting rural household income. Model results show that the variables of education level, experience in livestock farming, access to credit, number of cattle, number of sheep, pasture use, access to veterinary services, and membership to a livestock organization had a significant positive effect on the incomes of farmers preferring the MBA livestock market. While the variables of experience in livestock farming, number of cattle, pasture use, farmland ownership, and number of sheep had a significant positive effect on the incomes of farmers preferring the MT livestock market.

Rift valley fever in Africa with the emerging interest in Libya

Rift valley fever (RVF) is an acute vector-borne viral zoonotic disease of domestic and wild ruminants. The RVF virus (RVFV) belonging to the Phlebovirus genus of the Bunyaviridae family causes this disease. Studies have shown that mosquitoes are the vectors that transmit RVFV. Specifically, Aedes and Culex mosquito species are among the many vectors of this virus, which affects not only sheep, goats, buffalo, cattle, and camels but also human beings. Since the 30s of the last century, RVF struck Africa, and to a lesser extent, Asian continents, with subsequent episodes of epizootic, epidemic, and sporadic outbreaks. These outbreaks, therefore, resulted in the cumulative loss of thousands of human lives, thereby disrupting the livestock market or only those with seropositive cases. After that outbreak episode, RVF was not reported in Libya until January 13, 2020, where it was reported for the 1st time in a flock of sheep and goats in the southern region of the country. Although insufficient evidence to support RVF clinical cases among the confirmed seropositive animals exists, neither human cases nor death were reported in Libya. Yet, the overtime expansion of RVF kinetics in the Libyan neighborhoods, in addition to the instability and security vacuum experienced in the country, lack of outbreak preparedness, and the availability of suitable climatic and disease vector factors, makes this country a possible future scene candidate for RVF expansion. Urgently, strengthening veterinary services (VS) and laboratory diagnostic capacities, including improvement of monitoring and surveillance activity programs, should be implemented in areas at risk (where imported animals crossing borders from Libyan neighborhoods and competent vectors are found) at national, sub-national, and regional levels. The Libyan government should also implement a tripartite framework (one health approach) among the veterinary public health, public health authority, and environmental sanitation sectors to implement RVF surveillance protocols, along with an active partnership with competent international bodies (OIE, FAO, and WHO). Therefore, this review comprises the most updated data regarding the epidemiological situation of RVF infections and its socioeconomic impacts on African and Asian continents, and also emphasize the emerging interest of RVF in Libya.

Livestock Market Chain Analysis: The Case of Live Cattle in Hadiya Zone of Southern Ethiopia

Ethiopia is known for its high potential of livestock population ranking first in Africa. However, the benefit the country is getting from the sector is far below the existing potential. Similarly in Hadiya zone, beside its high potential, the contribution of the sector is very low. Improvement of market chain is the most important way out to enhance the contribution of the sector to the country in general and to the study area in particular. The study was conducted with the aim of identifying major market channels, key actors and their major roles, opportunities and challenges, assessing marketing costs and margins, and determining factors affecting cattle market supply in the study area. The study used both primary and secondary data sources. To select representative respondents, the study employed multi-stage sampling technique. Out of ten districts of the Zone, two districts: Soro and Misha were randomly selected. Representative kebeles were randomly selected based on probability proportional to size of each district. Respondent household heads were randomly selected and interviewed to generate the data. The study also undertaken focus group discussion and key informant interview. Both descriptive statistics and econometric model were used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that the market chain of live cattle had long chain without adding a significant value. The determinant factors influencing live cattle market supply were households’ age, educational level, market information, market price, credit utilization and number of livestock ownership. Thus, the concerned bodies should focus on the aforementioned variables for the increment of producers’ margin share and live cattle market supply. Keywords: Livestock, Live Cattle, Market Chain, Hadiya Zone DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-21-03 Publication date: November 30 th 2021

Multiscale spillovers, connectedness, and portfolio management among precious and industrial metals, energy, agriculture, and livestock futures

This study examines the connectedness among 28 commodity futures markets comprising precious metals, industrial metals, energy, agriculture, and livestock. We use the frequency-domain spillover method of Baruník and Křehlík (2018) and wavelet approach to account for investment horizons. The results show evidence of time-varying spillovers, which is intensified by economic and political events. The total spillover is higher in the short term than in the long term. Livestock market is the least contributor/receiver of risk to/from other markets. A portfolio risk analysis reveals that a combined portfolio composed of WTI crude oil and other commodity assets offers better downside risk reduction. The latter is more important in the short term than in the long term. These results are important for investors and policymakers.

The factors affecting the marketing channel selection in sheep farming: A Turkish case study

This study was conducted to determine sheep farmers' selection of marketing channels in livestock sales and the factors affecting their choices. The research data were generated from the survey data of 53 enterprises selected via simple random sampling method in Samsun province in 2019. In this research, descriptive statistics were used to determine some characteristics of the sheep farmers, and the chi-square test was employed to compare the farmers' characteristics according to the selection of the marketing channels. According to the results of the study, four marketing channels were identified to be efficient in livestock marketing. These were final consumers, brokers, retailers, and mixed channels. Besides, it was determined that the variables of selling additional products (milk, cheese, fleece) in the enterprise other than livestock, being a member of the Sheep and Goat Breeders Association, and the reason of choosing marketing channels had an impact (P<0.05) on the selection of marketing channels.

Kajian Ekonomi Subsektor Peternakan di Kawasan Sulampua (Tahun 2014-2019)

Animal Husbandry has an important role in accelerating the growth of agriculture sector as a part of food security. However, this subsector is considered gaining not much priority as other subsectors in agriculture sector, particularly in ten provinces in Sulampua (Sulawesi, Maluku and Papua) region. Generally, the economic growth of this subsector in those provinces have fluctuated from 2014 to 2019 and its contributions to Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) for both farming sector and the total GRDP by province are significantly small. Two purposes of this study are to describe the challenges of animal husbandry in Sulampua (the population of livestock, the economy’s growth of animal husbandry and based-area groups) and to gain analysis as early information for comparative advantages and the prospect of livestock market for subsector. Data used in this study is from BPS-Statistic Indonesia consisting of GRDP by province, the farms’ farmer trade, and the total population of livestock. This study uses descriptive analysis namely Klassen Typology, Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share Analysis (SSA). According to Klassen Typology, the animal husbandry in Maluku Utara, Papua and Papua Barat have been relatively less developed. The result of LQ is livestock in five provinces excluding South Sulawesi is a leading sector while the result of SSA reveals that the animal husbandry in three provinces (Sulawesi Tenggara, Maluku and Papua Barat) have been relatively no comparative advantages in national level. In conclusion, the animal husbandry in provinces in Maluku and Papua have been growing slower than in Sulawesi.

Agri-food market of the East Kazakhstan region: growth potential

The aim is to analyze the state and development prospects of the regional agri-food market. Methods - economic and statistical, systematic approach, comparative analysis. Results - consumption expenditures of the population of the region and their structure, situation on livestock market are determined. A distinctive feature of livestock farms is their diversified nature. It was revealed that tendencies of food market functioning are influenced by the remoteness of rural areas from the places of sale of raw materials and agricultural products, agricultural machinery; underdevelopment of production and social infrastructure. The emphasis is made on the fact that in order to increase the volume of food and saturate regional market with food products, it is necessary to improve management of production and sale of food products. It is shown that one of the components of regional policy should be the development of a model of marketing management in food market, which defines it as a system of economic ties between subjects regarding the distribution of resources and meeting the needs of the region's population in food products. The further development of trade in food products in the context of growth in effective demand of the population, trends in the world economy and strengthening of the position of foreign trade due to cross-border cooperation has been justified. It is noted that there is a potential for growth in added value based on positive changes in production structure. Conclusions - the local role of the consumer market for products of the processing industry is determined by the nature of economic relations in the region, and its further development is possible only by optimizing the use of resources, increasing the information security of agricultural producers and applying marketing methods in management process.

Improving Food and Nutrition Security in Kenya’s Arid Lands-A Mini Review

This paper presents a review of the literature on food and nutrition security in Kenya’s arid counties. It also provides strategies that can be adopted to improve food and nutrition security in the counties. Due to their aridity, they are associated with low economic, health, literacy and food and nutrition security indicators. They bear the brunt of food and nutrition insecurity and a proportionately higher percentage of their population faces starvation, whenever droughts occur. Stunting and wasting in the region’s children averages 28 and 14%, respectively. The figures compare poorly with the national averages of 4% and 11%, respectively. As the indices are related to quantity, diversity and quality of food intake, there is need to reduce food and nutrition insecurity in these Counties. Past efforts to reduce food and nutrition insecurity have failed, due to lack of long-term commitment from the National-level of Government, the use of inefficient farming technologies and low level of mechanization. Poverty, low and unpredictable rainfall for rain-fed agriculture, inconsistent livestock marketing of poor quality livestock, high crop production costs, high food prices also contribute to food and nutrition insecurity of the region. To improve food and nutrition security, it is recommended that the National-level of Government cedes the implementation of food production programmes to County Governments, while it strengthens food production policies, diversification of livelihoods and supports resilience-building. Other recommendations include innovating solar and wind-power devices to run machinery for food production, processing and preservation. Improvements in water harvesting, storage and pumping with wind and solar-powered equipment can also be explored. These improvements should eventually reduce dependence on food importation, which raises food prices, and de-incentivizes local farmers. Diversification of livelihoods, good governance and the application of appropriate technologies in food production, value addition and cooperation of the two levels of Government, are likely to gradually improve access and availability of quality and affordable food. The potential result is an improving food and nutrition security situation in Kenya’s arid Counties.

Analisis Structure-Conduct-Performance Pasar Ternak Sapi Dan Kerbau untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Pemasaran

This study aims to analyze the market structure of cattle and buffalo in the livestock market based on the concentration of traders and buyers, barriers to market entry, market behavior and market performance of livestock, and their relationship to marketing efficiency. The sampling technique used is Stratified Random Sampling. Data analysis used Market Share analysis, Hirschman Herfindahl Index (IHH), CR4 (Concentration ratio for the biggest four), concentration ratio (Kr), market entry barriers with Minimum Efficient Scale (MES) analysis, and Price – Cost – Margin (PCM). The market structure of cattle and buffalo in the livestock market based on the concentration of traders is oligopsony with low concentration, based on the concentration of buyers it is an oligopsonistic market, and based on barriers to market entry it is categorized as high barriers to market entry. There is a relationship between market structure, market behavior and market performance on marketing efficiency in the livestock market.

Life Satisfaction and Stock Market Participation

Prior literature finds mixed evidence on the relationship between life satisfaction and stock market participation. Using the broad U.S. household survey data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), we find that households with higher life satisfaction are less likely to invest in stocks. Our findings hold during both financial crisis and non-crisis periods and remain unaffected after conducting the robustness analysis to mitigate endogeneity concerns. Our findings enrich the literature that examines the effect of emotional factors on household financial behavior. Our study also highlights that life satisfaction is an important factor in understanding investing behavioral biases and thus helps explain stock market participation puzzle.

MERS-CoV in sheep, goats, and cattle, United Arab Emirates, 2019: Virological and serological investigations reveal an accidental spillover from dromedaries.

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated again the global threat posed by emerging zoonotic coronaviruses. During the past two decades alone, humans have experienced the emergence of several coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV in 2003, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. To date, MERS-CoV has been detected in 27 countries, with a case fatality ratio of approximately 34.5%. Similar to other coronaviruses, MERS-CoV presumably originated from bats; however, the main reservoir and primary source of human infections are dromedary camels. Other species within the Camelidae family, such as Bactrian camels, alpacas, and llamas, seem to be susceptible to the infection as well, although to a lesser extent. In contrast, susceptibility studies on sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, chickens, and horses obtained divergent results. In the present study, we tested nasal swabs and/or sera from 55 sheep, 45 goats, and 52 cattle, collected at the largest livestock market in the United Arab Emirates, where dromedaries are also traded, for the presence of MERS-CoV nucleic acid by RT-qPCR, and for specific antibodies by immunofluorescence assay. All sera were negative for MERS-CoV-reactive antibodies, but the nasal swab of one sheep (1.8%) repeatedly tested positive for MERS-CoV nucleic acid. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of the complete N gene of the sheep-derived MERS-CoV revealed>99% nucleotide identity to MERS-CoV sequences of five dromedaries in nearby pens and to three reference sequences. The NGS sequence of the sheep-derived MERS-CoV was confirmed by conventional RT-PCR of a part of the N gene and subsequent Sanger sequencing. All MERS-CoV sequences clustered within clade B, lineage 5. In conclusion, our study shows that noncamelid livestock, such as sheep, goats, and cattle do not play a major role in MERS-CoV epidemiology. The one sheep that tested positive most likely reflects an accidental viral spillover event from infected dromedaries in nearby pens.

Occurrence of Staphylococcus piscifermentans among Apparently Healthy Ruminants and Their Handlers in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus pisifermentans nasal colonization among apparently healthy ruminants and their handlers in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. A total of six hundred and five (605) samples were collected aseptically using sterile swab sticks (Oxoid, UK) using simple random technique from the ruminants and their human handlers at the Maiduguri central abattoir and livestock market (Kasuwan shanu). One hundred and fifty-one (151) samples were collected from each of the species (cattle, sheep and goat) while 152 samples were collected from animal handlers. The samples were immediately subjected to standard bacteriological analysis. A total of 195 (32.2%) coagulase negative Staphylococcus species (CoNS) were presumptively identified, out of the 195 identified CoNS, 9 (4.62%) was Staphylococcus pisifermentans nasal colonization. The results revealed that out of 9 isolates, S. pisifermentans was highly isolated 4(8.3%) from sheep, followed by cattle and human handlers 2 (3.8%) respectively and the least was from goats 1 (2.3%). Meanwhile, all the 9 (4.62%) isolates were negative for both tube and slide coagulase test. However, they were positive for DNase, Omithine Decarboxylase (ODC) test, betta – hemolysis and synergistic hemolysis. 4(44.4%) of the 9 isolates were positive for Staphylococcus Protein A (SPA) virulence gene, none 0(0%) for mecA virulence gene, and 5(55.6%) were positive for slime (Biofilm) production. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of these isolate was found to be highly variable to all the used drugs. It is therefore concluded that Staphylococcus pisifermentans isolated from these ruminants and their handlers contain virulence genes which could be responsible for pathogenicity. There is need for more studies using higher technologies in other parts of the country to reveal the through status of the disease in Nigeria.

Association of Dromedary Camels and Camel Ticks with Reassortant Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, United Arab Emirates

We previously detected a potentially novel reassortant of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in camels at the largest livestock market in the United Arab Emirates. A broader survey of large mammals at the site indicated zoonotic transmission is associated with dromedaries and camel ticks. Seroprevalence in cattle, sheep, and goats is minimal.

Elucidating the Impact of behavioral biases in Pakistan Stock Market: Moderating Impact of Financial Literacy

The current study focuses on some of the most commonly relied upon biases in decision making. The study aimed at understanding the influence of herding, overconfidence, anchoring, and loss aversion on the decision-making style of investor besides it also investigates the role of financial literacy, since the traditional paradigm of finance is of the view that the knowledge of finance is directly associated with the degree of irrational outcomes. To explore this linkage data from investors trading at Lahore, Karachi, and Islamabad is gathered. Structural equation modeling is used for establishing the proposed associations. The results revealed that behavioral biases significantly impact the decision-making of investors. The results of moderation analysis presented that financial literacy plays a major role in de-biasing decision making. These findings can be extremely useful for investors, policymakers, and investment professionals. Not only to make optimal decision-making but also by providing a deeper understanding of the daily life stock market behavior.

Epidemiological features of lumpy skin disease outbreaks amongst herds of cattle in Bokkos, north-central Nigeria

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a severe viral transboundary disease of mostly cattle caused by LSD Virus (LSDV). This epidemiological survey of LSD amongst herds of cattle in Bokkos Local Government Area (LGA) of North Central Nigeria was carried out in 2019 as a response to farmers’ reports of repeated outbreaks of LSD in their herds of cattle. A focused group discussion with cattle farmers purposefully selected was used for the disease investigation and data collection. Twelve skin scab samples were collected from suspected cases within the study area. The viral attachment protein gene of the LSDV was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Analysis of the focus group discussion revealed that all farmers interviewed practiced extensive farm management system and claimed that their animals shared same communal water points and grazing area. Furthermore, 47% (7/15) of the farmers have experienced LSD twice in their herds, while 27% (4/15) have had the outbreak thrice on their farms. The morbidity rates of LSD were 3% – 49% and mortality rates were 1% – 6%. Sixty percent of farmers claimed that incidence of LSD is related to season of the year. All farmers sell off their sick animals in the livestock market and confirmed LSD affects market price of their animals. PCR results revealed that in 91.6% (11/12) samples analysed, LSDV was detected. This study confirms LSD outbreaks based on PCR result and clinical signs and symptoms in Butura, Daffo and Kunduk of Bokkos LGA, North Central Nigeria.

Analysis of the Potential of Beef Cattle Business Development in Indramayu District

This study aimed to analyze the potential for cattle business development in Indramayu Regency. The research locations selected using purposive sampling method were based on the following criteria: (1) Indramayu Regency is the 2nd largest rice producers in the Province of West Java, (2) The area covers 2,099.42 km2 based on secondary data obtained from BPS Indramayu Regency in numbers and (3) The area of agricultural land is still larger than the area of resident housing. The data analysis method used the carrying capacity index (IDD) and Location Question (LQ) analysis formulas. The data were processed and explained descriptively. The results of this study resulted in carrying capacity values consisting of 3 patterns, namely the highest carrying capacity value > 20,000 AU (Gantar and Terisi). Medium carrying capacity value > 10,000 AU (Cikedung and Gabuswetan). Low value carrying capacity 5.000-10.000 AU (Haurgelis, Suyeg, Juntiyuat, Bongdua, Kertasemaya, Patrol, Kedokanbunder and Sindang). The results of the analysis of IDD > 2 there are 12 sub-districts, meaning that based on the availability of forage feed from agricultural land, it is included in the safe category to increase the population of beef cattle. The potential for beef cattle development in Indramayu Regency needs to be prioritized in 12 sub-districts with LQ > 1 and IDD > 2 accompanied by government policies to support investment in livestock marketing facilities and infrastructure for smallholders.

Acaricidal activity of Furcraea foetida leaf extract against engorged female Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks

The Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick is a major concern for the livestock market worldwide, as it causes serious economic damage. Plant-derived acaricides are an attractive alternative to control this ectoparasite and limit the development of resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of Furcraea foetida leaf extract against engorged female R. (B.) microplus ticks. Our in vitro bioassays showed that the crude extract of leaves from F. foetida caused hemorrhagic swelling and skin lesions in the ticks, and three days of treatment caused 100% mortality. Dose-response assay indicated that this toxicity effect was dose-dependent. Similar effects were observed when the crude extract from F. foetida leaves was denatured by boiling at 100°C. These results suggest that the toxicity of the leaf extract might be associated with thermostable biomolecules. Together, our results show for the first time that the crude extract of F. foetida leaves has acaricidal activity against engorged female R. (B.) microplus ticks and it acts in a dose-dependent manner.