Live Migration Research Articles

Empty Nests: A Study on the Left-Behind Parents of Emigrated Children from Punjab (India)

The ever-occurring phenomenon of migration has great impact on the lives of migrants and their left-behind families. The mechanism of migration has physically separated many families. The present study is an attempt to understand how transnational migration has impacted the lives of left-behind parents living in the village Khizarabad, Punjab, India. Data from 30 parents were collected using in-depth interviews and quasi-participant observation methods. Couple of interviews were counted as one parent and as one interview. Experiences of parents were documented using narratives. The findings of the study revealed that the emotional cost of migration is suffered by the left-behind parents. The remittances received by the parents improved their economic conditions but at the same time decreases physical and emotional support. The paper also draws a conclusion that technology has played a vital role in such situations as it strengthens family ties across borders through phone calls and video calls.

Women, Marriage and Migration in the Bangladeshi Enclaves in the India–Bangladesh Borderland

Based on an ethnographic study of former Bangladeshi enclaves in India, the article explores how the India–Bangladesh border is negotiated and reproduced in the everyday spaces of people living in the borderland that is often overlooked by the usual representation of geopolitical nationalism and hard realities of the barbed wire. Enclaves are fragmented territories surrounded by another state, such as Bangladeshi enclaves surrounded by Indian land and vice versa. Being abandoned by the home state, the former enclave residents were deprived of identity documents, and as a result, precluded from judicial and citizenship rights. The article focuses on marriage-related migration of women that was often used as a way out to overcome the vulnerabilities associated with living in the enclaves. Marriage proposal inside the host country promises access to public goods like a ‘Ration Card’, or identity documents like an ‘Aadhaar card’, thus determining the possible migration of women—their life paths and destinations across the enclaves and the host country. The latitudes of such migratory life courses of women along the border are determined by their religion and economic status. The study shows that these practices, although often necessary for survival, subsequently compromise the agency of the women in the process.

‘Are we falling apart?’: manufacturing familyhood through transnationalism

ABSTRACT This article initiates methodological discussions to understand how transnationalism manufactures cultural discourse of family practices and repairs intimacy within family-kin relationships from a distance. Prior studies in family ties overstate the shifts in family practices by highlighting the dichotomy of ‘modern’ and ‘tradition’ intimacy. However, family practices and intimacy are more compelling, and require empirical examination of how migrants interact and restore meaningful relationships in different cultural landscapes with their family-kin. Contributing to this literature, this article explores the repairing process of transnationalism in building meaningful familiar relationships from a distance, and the reconfiguration of the meanings and practices of familyhood in the migration process. Drawing on insight from interview data gathered from transnational Turkish migrants in the UK, this article argues that migration does not merely transform the family-kin practices, the understanding of intimacy and personal life of migrants; it brings emotional and ontological security. This paper raises questions on the role of migration in repairing intimacy and family practices, rather than shift and disjuncture the familiar connections. Therefore, it negotiates how migration provides space and courage to migrants to repair their intimacy and relationships with family-kin and reconfigure the meaning of familyhood while they enact their lives transnationally.

The immigration scholarship of Stephen Castles

The immigration scholarship of Stephen Castles

Education in Black and White: Myles Horton and the Highlander Center's Vision for Social Justice

Education in Black and White: Myles Horton and the Highlander Center's Vision for Social Justice

Heterogeneity or consistency across life domains? An analysis of disparities between second-generation migrants and the Swedish majority population

Migrant integration is theoretically conceived as a multidimensional process where integration in one life domain does not necessarily imply integration in another domain. An expanding literature analyses several aspects of the lives of migrants and their children. However, to date research has mainly assessed how attainment in one life domain influences attainment in another domain. This study analyses the extent to which attainment across multiple life domains–socioeconomic, social and residential–coincides among second-generation migrants. Using Swedish register data, we compare 10,450 children of migrants from six regions of origin, who were aged 30-40 in 2015, to individuals born in Sweden with two Swedish-born parents. Multigenerational linkages moreover allow us to control for parental socioeconomic status as well as residential characteristics when growing up. Our analyses reveal considerable disparities in social and residential outcomes between second-generation migrants and the Swedish majority group, as well as across origin groups. Differences in socioeconomic attainment are comparatively small once we account for parental characteristics and residential background. Second-generation Turkish and Middle Eastern migrants differ in terms of their social and residential outcomes when compared to the Swedish majority group, but have commensurate socioeconomic attainment. In contrast, we find overall consistency across domains for Polish, ex-Yugoslav and Latin American second-generation migrants. Our findings underline the importance of studying outcomes in multiple domains in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the life situation of second-generation migrants. • We find asymmetries across life domains for some second-generation migrant groups. • Social and residential outcomes are lower among Turkish and Middle Eastern migrants. • Socioeconomic outcomes are lower among Latin American and Finnish migrants. • We find overall consistency across domains among Polish and ex-Yugoslav migrants. • We also find evidence of heterogeneity across outcomes within single life domains.

Unravelling the life-history patterns and habitat preferences of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) in the Pearl River, China.

Eels have fascinated biologists for centuries due to their amazing long-distance migrations between freshwater habitats and very distant ocean spawning areas. The migratory life histories of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, in the waters of south China are not very clear despite its ecological importance, and the need for fishery regulation and management. In this study, strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) microchemical profiles of the otoliths of silver eels were measured by X-ray electron probe microanalysis based on data collected from different habitats (including freshwater and brackish habitats), in the large subtropical Pearl River. The corresponding habitat preference characteristics were further analysed using redundancy analysis (RDA). A total of 195 Japanese eels were collected over 6 years. The collected individuals ranged from 180 to 771 mm in total length and from 8 to 612 g in body weight. Two-dimensional pictures of the Sr:Ca concentrations in otoliths revealed that the A. japonica in the Pearl River are almost entirely river eels, spending the majority of their lives in fresh water without exposure to salt water, while the catadromous migration time has delayed about 1month in the Pearl River estuary in the past 20 years. RDA analysis further indicated that juveniles and adults preferred water with high salinity and high tide levels. Youth preferred habitats with high river fractals. Our findings contribute to a growing body of evidence showing that the eels are extremely scarce currently and conservation measures against them are imminent, including the protection of brackish and freshwater areas where they live in south China.

An intelligent model for supporting edge migration for virtual function chains in next generation internet of things

The developments on next generation IoT sensing devices, with the advances on their low power computational capabilities and high speed networking has led to the introduction of the edge computing paradigm. Within an edge cloud environment, services may generate and consume data locally, without involving cloud computing infrastructures. Aiming to tackle the low computational resources of the IoT nodes, Virtual-Function-Chain has been proposed as an intelligent distribution model for exploiting the maximum of the computational power at the edge, thus enabling the support of demanding services. An intelligent migration model with the capacity to support Virtual-Function-Chains is introduced in this work. According to this model, migration at the edge can support individual features of a Virtual-Function-Chain. First, auto-healing can be implemented with cold migrations, if a Virtual Function fails unexpectedly. Second, a Quality of Service monitoring model can trigger live migrations, aiming to avoid edge devices overload. The evaluation studies of the proposed model revealed that it has the capacity to increase the robustness of an edge-based service on low-powered IoT devices. Finally, comparison with similar frameworks, like Kubernetes, showed that the migration model can effectively react on edge network fluctuations.

Uncertainty analysis of virtualized systems with live migration

Benefiting from the advantages of virtualization technology, virtualized systems have been widely studied and adopted in enterprise systems, aimed at reducing resource usage and enhancing system reliability. An important feature of virtualized systems is the virtual machine (VM) live migration, which brings convenience to transfer running VMs from one physical server to another without service interruption. To achieve a high available/reliable virtualized system, it is crucial to evaluate its system availability/reliability. The model-based approach is commonly used and proved effective. However, it is well-known that the model parameters typically involve estimation error due to the limitation of data samples or expert's knowledge, so-called uncertainty. In this paper, we analyze the uncertainty propagation in the availability model of a virtualized system with live migration through a momentbased approximation method. A numerical experiment is conducted to quantify the impact of the parameter uncertainty on the system availability.

“Me? At this age?”: A narrative analysis of older South Asian Muslim immigrant women’s subjectivity-formations in migration arrangements

Abstract Critical and feminist ageing scholarship has drawn attention to how dominant discourses of ageing negatively impact older women's identities and social lives. While research intersecting migration and ageing has broadly focused on older immigrants' settlement experiences, very little is known about the discursive influences over older immigrant women's sense of agency and social relations. To address this knowledge gap, this study explores the subjectivity-formations of older South Asian Muslim women engaged in transnational migration. Narrative and discourse analysis principles were used to conduct and analyse life story-based interviews with 15 South Asian Muslim older women who recently migrated to Toronto, Canada. Findings indicate that participant subjectivity-formations are shaped by: (a) discourses of ageing; (b) socio-cultural–religious discourses; and (c) discourses of transnational migration. In response, participants engaged in dynamic strategies including conforming, negotiating, creating alternative narratives and/or resisting these discourses to organise their lives. These findings reinforce the continued need to trace the governmentality of structural conditions over ageing migrant women's lives and their responsive strategies to manage these impacts.

Making sense of uncertainty: The precarious lives of young migrants from rural Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the experiences of young migrants and the role of uncertainty in their precarious lives. Drawing on data from individual interviews and a workshop with young migrants aged 16–24 years old in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, we use uncertainty as a theoretical lens, to illustrate the ways in which young migrants’ experiences provide meaning for them and give them an opportunity to assess, and plan for better opportunities despite the stark outlook. Thematic analysis was used to examine the multidimensionality of socio-spatial identities in young migrants. The findings illustrate how young migrants hustle for opportunities to lead valuable lives in the face of uncertainty. The implications highlight how attending to the complex intersectional nuances of uncertainty can serve as an enabler of aspirations, alongside essential structural factors influencing migration among young people brought up in rural communities. However, in proposing this alternative view of positive uncertainty, the structural violence experienced by these young people should not be overlooked and should be addressed as per their context.

Les première et deuxième générations d’immigrants face aux dynamiques des choix en fin de vie. Étude de cas basée sur l’observation participative pendant l’hospitalisation

Cette étude est basée sur les notes ethnographiques prises pendant les mois durant lesquels j’ai accompagné mon père de 90 ans à l’admission aux urgences, pendant l’hospitalisation qui s’en est suivie et pour des soins médicaux, risqués vu son âge, mais vitaux en raison de la détérioration rapide d’une jambe inférieure gangrenée. L’étude explore les rapports de force, complexes, entre les dispositifs institutionnels de prise en charge des patients, d’une part, et, d’autre part, la trajectoire continue du devenir de l’individu et sa production de savoirs existentiels, une fois qu’il est confronté aux facteurs sociodémographiques ainsi qu’aux normes en jeu dans un hôpital urbain d’aujourd’hui. Les choix de fin de vie auxquels les première et deuxième générations de migrants intra-européens doivent faire face ont mobilisé une culture transnationale et transgénérationnelle au quotidien, au sein d’un accompagnement personnel des émotions et des corps, ainsi qu’une prise en charge relationnelle et de proximité. Cet aspect peu étudié de la prise en charge informelle des migrants dans les centres hospitaliers peut combler un vide au sein des structures normatives médicales concernant les patients en fin de vie, surtout ceux appartenant à une culture différente de la culture locale. En tant que corps des plus âgés, les déplacés et migrants intra-européens contemplent désormais les « frontières » spatiales et temporelles de leur propre vie. Loin d’expérimenter la mort solitaire, culturelle et sociale que les hôpitaux leur proposent, les patients migrants intra-européens deviennent alors des véhicules incarnés, engagés dans des processus ouverts de transmission de la mémoire, et contribuent ainsi à de nouvelles histoires, déterrées d’un passé interdit, inconnu et muet jusqu’à très récemment.

Main problems and aspects of HIV prevention

Migration processes affect not only public health issues, but also public health ethics. The migration policy of the host country should take into account ethical issues at all stages of migration and be based on the principles of humanity, respect for human rights and that adequate public health should not be limited to the borders and citizens of the host country. The UNAIDS Report "On the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2022" reports on the growth of the HIV epidemic in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. And at the same time, regional coverage of HIV prevention and treatment services is assessed as insufficient. The adherence of HIV-infected persons to taking antiretroviral drugs determines the effective suppression of the human immunodeficiency virus and, thereby, reduces the risk of progression of the clinical picture and the risk of HIV transmission. The problems faced by migrants are untimely provision or inability to obtain drugs, low medical and legal literacy, the presence of elements of discrimination and lack of social support in the country of arrival, which become much more acute for migrants with HIV. The presence of a symbiosis of an epidemic of infectious and non-communicable diseases among migrants increases the negative consequences for health, which causes an increase in the number of new cases among migrants. The lack of health insurance is an additional source of difficulties in obtaining medical care for uninsured migrants and has a huge impact on sick patients with chronic diseases. Creating access for migrants to HIV prevention and treatment services in the destination country will not only improve the quality of life of migrants, but also improve public health in general. Currently, issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to remain a priority, and therefore it is necessary that responses to other infectious diseases, in particular HIV, are not jeopardized. One of the ways to solve this issue is the need to take a step towards the harmonization of legislation between neighboring countries in relation to HIV-positive migrants.Keywords: HIV infection, рrevention, migration, migrant.

"Здесь китайская кухня, там таджикские торговые ряды": уральский город глазами мигрантов из Средней Азии и КНР

The article is devoted to the problem of mastering the space of the Ural cities by migrants on the example of Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk and Troitsk. The source base was made up of materials from express and in-depth interviews with migrants from Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam and China, collected in January-May 2023 in Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk and Troitsk. On this basis, the main locations are presented, with which the daily life of migrants and the satisfaction of a number of needs are connected. On the one hand, migrants create a fairly extensive social infrastructure, including those related to the economy class, but at the same time, the institutions that have arisen in this way are also used by local residents (cafes, hairdressers, medical offices, etc.). At the same time, the integration potential of the identified migrant objects is different and may vary for each group; the second part of the research project will be devoted to this.

Utilisation aware virtual machine selection policy for workload consolidation in cloud data centres

Large-scale virtualised data centres have been constructed throughout the world in response to the rising demand for service-oriented computing and the expansion of cloud computing technologies. These vast data centres consume a significant amount of power and have a significant carbon footprint, which must be reduced to the greatest extent feasible. The dynamic virtual machine consolidation provided by live migration leads to significant energy savings. However, it also constitutes a violation of the service level agreement (SLA). The process of selecting virtual machine (VM) for migration is critical in the realm of energy-aware cloud computing. This study proposes a novel utilisation aware VM selection (UAVMS) policy that aids in VM selection for migration using server utilisation and skewness value. We use the CloudSim toolkit to build our UAVMS policy and compare its performance with existing methods. The experimental results shows that UAVMS reduces the energy usage and SLA violations.

Genetic-Based Virtual Machines Consolidation Strategy With Efficient Energy Consumption in Cloud Environment

In cloud computing environments, virtualization is used to share physical machine (PM) resources among multiple users by creating virtual machines (VMs). Running the PM consumes a large amount of energy. Additionally, the PM will be overloaded when the demand for resources exceeds the PM capacity. This overload on the PM leads to violations of Service Level Agreements (SLAs). Dynamic VM consolidation techniques use live migration of VMs to optimize resource utilization and minimize energy consumption. However, excessive migration of VMs impacts negatively the application performance due to the incurred overhead at the runtime. This paper presents a modified genetic-based VM consolidation (MGVMC) strategy that aims to replace VMs in an online manner taking into account energy consumption, SLA violations, and the number of VM migrations. The MGVMC strategy utilizes the genetic algorithm to migrate VMs to the appropriate PM in a way that minimizes the number of over-utilized and under-utilized physical machines (PMs) as low as possible. The performance of the MGVMC strategy was evaluated using the CloudSim Plus framework with a large number of VMs and workload traces from the PlanetLab platform. The experimental results revealed that the MGVMC strategy achieved a significant improvement in energy consumption, SLA violations, and the number of VM migrations compared to other recent approaches. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the MGVMC strategy in optimizing VM consolidation in the cloud environment.

An energy-aware negotiation protocol for live migration of virtual machines

An energy-aware negotiation protocol for live migration of virtual machines

Formal verification of software-only mechanisms for live migration of SGX enclaves

Formal verification of software-only mechanisms for live migration of SGX enclaves

다인종·다문화시대 지방자치단체의 이주민 지원 조례 연구

This study analyzed the current status and contents of the ordinance enactment of local governments supporting migrants living in the region in a multiracial and multicultural society. The object of this study is the ordinance to support migrants in the local government of Gwangju Metropolitan City, and the method of analysis is divided into the normative system and the effective system of the ordinance, and the contents are analyzed. The main results of the study are as follows. First, in terms of the policy target of the ordinance, some local governments exclude migrants who do not have the legal status of residence, causing confusion in policy implementation. Second, the ordinance's support scope specifies very similar projects and has a standardized framework. Third, the ordinance has provisions on the establishment and operation of committees and support centers for the efficient promotion of migrant policies, but they are at a non-forced level. Fourth, most of the contents related to health and medical care support for migrants remain at the level of providing living convenience and emergency relief. Based on these findings, policy implications are presented as follows. First, it is necessary to amend the ordinance in the direction of expanding the policy targets of the migrants support ordinance. Second, it is necessary to amend the ordinance to reflect the characteristics and environment of the area where migrants live. Third, local governments in Gwangju Metropolitan City should establish support centers and promote practical projects for the efficient promotion of migrants support policies. Fourth, local governments should revise ordinances to improve the health and quality of life of migrants. Lastly, since this study looked at the migrant support ordinance targeting local governments in the Gwangju Metropolitan City area, the results of the study are bound to have certain limitations. In the future, it is expected that follow-up studies will be conducted to compare and analyze migrant support ordinances by expanding the research area.

Role of Remittance in Gender Transformation- A Study of Women Labor Migration in Pokhara Metropolitan City

The power, authority, and empowerment attained with the aid of economic capitals not only aids in the transformation of gender roles, but social and cultural capital also facilitates various facets of life, including: the standard of education, the types of employment involvement, the level of awareness, the types of family living, and the modes of interaction. As a result, both benefits and drawbacks can be found in the daily lives of both migrants and non-migrants due to the growing trend of female labor migration. In a traditionally patriarchal nation like Nepal, the migration of women for labor raises moral concerns about their moral decency as they struggle to reintegrate into their families and communities. The gender shift in the slum community of Pokhara Metropolitan City, Nepal, is the main emphasis of this paper's examination of the various features of remittances and ways through which they are transferred. Particular focus is placed on the conversion of economic capital into social and cultural capital as well as the function of proxy managers in managing household duties and remittances. Data from both secondary literature and original sources are used to support the arguments made here. The data came from 199 households of women migrants' families who had moved away at least three years prior to the survey, which was conducted between March and July 2022. The data collecting and analysis techniques used were both quantitative and qualitative. The numerous facets of remittances are examined in this paper. The findings explain the diverse forms of capital accumulation and how women gain more influence in various spheres of social life. The study also offers a more nuanced view of how women are becoming more involved in household decision-making as a result of economic empowerment and how to address forthcoming socio-cultural barriers that prevent their engagement in public sphere.