Live Migration Research Articles

Machine-Learning-Based Approach for Virtual Machine Allocation and Migration

Due to its ability to supply reliable, robust and scalable computational power, cloud computing is becoming increasingly popular in industry, government, and academia. High-speed networks connect both virtual and real machines in cloud computing data centres. The system’s dynamic provisioning environment depends on the requirements of end-user computer resources. Hence, the operational costs of a particular data center are relatively high. To meet service level agreements (SLAs), it is essential to assign an appropriate maximum number of resources. Virtualization is a fundamental technology used in cloud computing. It assists cloud providers to manage data centre resources effectively, and, hence, improves resource usage by creating several virtualmachine (VM) instances. Furthermore, VMs can be dynamically integrated into a few physical nodes based on current resource requirements using live migration, while meeting SLAs. As a result, unoptimised and inefficient VM consolidation can reduce performance when an application is exposed to varying workloads. This paper introduces a new machine-learning-based approach for dynamically integrating VMs based on adaptive predictions of usage thresholds to achieve acceptable service level agreement (SLAs) standards. Dynamic data was generated during runtime to validate the efficiency of the proposed technique compared with other machine learning algorithms.

“Angels of the Angels”: Abdüllatif Subhi Paşa’s Coins, Egypt, and History

Abstract This article revisits the bureaucratic career of Abdüllatif Subhi Paşa (d. 1886), the prominent Ottoman statesman and pioneering numismatist of the nineteenth century, whose much-overlooked early migratory life between Morea and Egypt shaped his contributions to the principal Tanzimat institutions. By weaving together fragmentary biographical accounts, institutional histories, and Subhi’s understudied academic work, the article also offers new historiographical approaches to nineteenth-century Ottoman antiquarianism, archaeology, and museology. The varied trajectories of Subhi’s itinerant professional life allow us to trace intellectual networks between Istanbul and Cairo, academic initiatives of a diverse cast of Ottoman high officials, changes in the scope of the translation movement, and the growing centrality of history and its writing in cultural undertakings.

The Uses of Mourning

The Uses of Mourning

Material stories of migration: Reframing home through poetry

This article reflects on the power of poetry to reframe the concepts of home, arrival and belonging, each of which is important in understanding the relationship between migration and culture. It traces the journey of a collective poem – ‘Grapes in My Father’s Yard’ – that was created during the Material Stories of Migration project in Sheffield in 2015; was performed at Migration Matters Festival and has since been shared in multiple digital and material formats between 2015 and 2022. The text’s trajectory demonstrates poetry’s capacity to transgress structural and grammatical norms and capture that which is absent, ambiguous and elusive in the idea of ‘home’. The poem intertwines different languages and flows between them, enacting the give and take of linguistic and cultural translation. This article draws on follow-up interviews and ongoing discussion with project participants and creative facilitators to explore how the ‘storying’ of migrant lives is an ongoing creative process that poetry can illuminate. ‘Grapes in My Father’s Yard’ articulates how post-arrival life for migrants is not a linear, forward-moving process but a kind of re-dwelling in lost homes and landscapes, the beginning of a micro-bordering which continues for years. The poem calls on us to read between the lines and to seek out the silences, as much as it asks us to listen to the words.

CAMIG: Concurrency-Aware Live Migration Management of Multiple Virtual Machines in SDN-Enabled Clouds

By integrating Software-Defined Networking and cloud computing, virtualized networking and computing resources can be dynamically reallocated through live migration of Virtual Machines (VMs). Dynamic resource management such as load balancing and energy-saving policies can request multiple migrations when the algorithms are triggered periodically. There exist notable research efforts in dynamic resource management that alleviate single migration overheads, such as single migration time and co-location interference while selecting the potential VMs and migration destinations. However, by neglecting the resource dependency among potential migration requests, the existing solutions of dynamic resource management can result in the Quality of Service (QoS) degradation and Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations during the migration schedule. Therefore, it is essential to integrate both single and multiple migration overheads into VM reallocation planning. In this paper, we propose a concurrency-aware multiple migration selector that operates based on the maximal cliques and independent sets of the resource dependency graph of multiple migration requests. Our proposed method can be integrated with existing dynamic resource management policies. The experimental results demonstrate that our solution efficiently minimizes migration interference and shortens the convergence time of reallocation by maximizing the multiple migration performance while achieving the objective of dynamic resource management.

Stop and Look: A Novel Checkpointing and Debugging Flow for FPGAs

Hardware checkpointing enables live migration, fault recovery, and context switching, but has been difficult to achieve for FPGA applications. We detail techniques to checkpoint complex FPGA designs and develop StateMover, a new checkpoint-based debugging flow for FPGAs that combines the speed of hardware execution with the full observability and controllability of simulation. StateMover can safely stop a running design and seamlessly move its state back and forth between an FPGA and a simulator. StateMover can create complete design checkpoints even for designs that have multi-cycle I/O interfaces, contain buried state that is not accessible by FPGA readback, and use external memories. StateMover and its associated IPs allow a designer to quickly make a design checkpointable, with a small area overhead. Moving the state from/to an FPGA to/from a simulator can be performed in a few seconds for large Xilinx UltraScale FPGAs.

A Queer Sense of Love and Obligation at the US-Mexico Border

A Queer Sense of Love and Obligation at the US-Mexico Border

Families of migrants from post-Soviet states: between homeland and Russia

The article is based on sociological surveys conducted in spring 2017 and autumn 2020. It examines the intra-family relations of migrants who came to Russia from the post-Soviet countries (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine). Particular attention is paid to the study of the life of migrants and their relatives, who, as a result of various life circumstances, found themselves separated by state borders. Migration models of the foreigners moving to Russia with their families, including minor children, are considered as well. Based on the obtained data, it was revealed that transnational communication is retained to a greater extent by foreigners who initially do not plan to change their place of residence and permanently reside in Russia. This group of migrants is more involved in the life of the extended family in the country of origin. Among all groups of migrants, visitors from the countries of Central Asia stand out. They are the ones who most often come to Russia alone, while actively building social interaction with the family left at home (they regularly communicate via mobile, and send money back home or bring it themselves). Their purpose is to earn money for a higher standard of living in their country of origin. Whereas visitors who intend to stay in Russia permanently, more often live together with their close relatives and maintain less transnational contacts. However, it should be taken into account that migrants' plans for living in Russia may change depending on life situations, changing in turn the nature of transnational interaction. Migration to Russia with minor children is considered as a separate subject, since in these conditions, migrant parents and their children are forced to face certain difficulties (for example, the inclusion of children in the Russian education system, mastering the Russian language by children, etc.), that require significant material, physical and emotional costs.

Distribution, Relative Abundance, and Length of Sculpins in the Elwha River Watershed Following the Removal of Two Hydroelectric Dams

Dam removal often shows positive effects for many fish species, especially migratory species. In contrast, information regarding the effects on less migratory species is lacking. The Elwha River, Washington had two hydroelectric dams removed from 2011 to 2014, which resulted in the loss of two reservoirs. Because of glacial history, the Elwha River system has a depauperate freshwater fish fauna, including just two sculpin species (coastrange sculpin [Cottus aleuticus] and prickly sculpin [C. asper]). Both species exhibit a similar migratory life history strategy, which includes a planktonic larval stage that drifts downstream to a nursery area (e.g., lake, large river, or estuary), followed by an upriver movement pattern. Due to these characteristics, Elwha River dam removal and loss of the reservoirs may have had important effects on these two sculpin species. We sampled sculpins with longitudinal electrofishing surveys in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate their current distribution, relative abundance, and body size. These metrics were generally similar to other river systems in the Pacific Northwest, with fewer and larger migratory sculpins upstream. Additionally, we compared our findings to pre-dam surveys. After dam removal, sculpins in upstream reaches were less abundant and had a smaller range of sizes. This suggests the population characteristics of sculpins in the Elwha River has changed, but it is unclear how indirect effects, such as anadromous salmonid (Salmonidae) increases, may influence their overall abundance. This study also provides a baseline to monitor sculpin population changes in the future.

The trauma of exploitation: Emotional geographies of temporary migration and workplace unfreedom

This paper advances a focus on emotions as a key dimension of the actualisation of workplace exploitation experienced by temporary migrants. In doing so, we extend understandings of forced labour, unfreedom and migration and their concern for the operation of coercion in employment relations. While political-economic and legal accounts of work and oppression can tell us much about systems that underpin the occurrence of exploitation, we argue that the fluidity of unfreedoms in labour exploitation are fundamentally embodied and shaped by emotional experiences and manipulation. In order to advance this emotional account, we draw on interviews with people holding work and study visas who have experienced workplace exploitation in Aotearoa New Zealand, a context where the rapid growth in temporary migration has been associated with growing evidence of labour market abuse. Our paper addresses three key emotional dimensions of workplace exploitation that emerged in this research: inducement into exploitation, entrapment and the emotional sustenance of exploitation. Through this account we demonstrate how unfreedom is felt in the lives of temporary migrants and point towards the need to rethink both scholarly accounts of forced labour and policy responses to the workplace exploitation of temporary migrants.

Labor Mobility, Gender Order and Family: Illustrated by the Example of the Karakachans in Bulgaria

The political changes in Bulgaria of November 1989 related to the fall of the totalitarian regime and the democratization of the country were accompanied by a severe economic crisis, a high level of unemployment and the rise of strong social inequality, which led to intensive migratory processes. The opening of the borders was followed by various forms of cross-border and transnational mobility affecting a significant part of the Bulgarian population. Since the very beginning of the 1990s, the Karakachans, due to the protectionist Greek policy with regards to them, as opposed to that regarding other Bulgarian citizens, acquired easy access to Greece visas. This enabled labor mobility which in only a few years spread across a significant number of the members of this community. For most of them, labor mobility turned out to be more than just a supplementary opportunity; it became a main strategy for realization in life. A direct result of the Karakachani’s labor mobility is periodic family separation for a certain time, which causes particular transformations in their social structures, and hence in the family life of labor migrants. It is this relationship between labor mobility and their life as lived, and its direct consequences on the family, that is the focus of the present study.

Migrant Lives on First Nation Land: Greek-Australian Memories of Titjikala in the 1960s

ABSTRACT Via ethnographic and oral history methods and transcultural memory work, this article presents the complex, ambiguous and at times contradictory relationship between a Greek family and an Aboriginal community, including the traditional landowners, in Central Australia in the 1960s. Within a commonplace narrative of colonists and pastoralists buying, owning and selling First People’s land, ownership by Greek migrants and the historical presence of Aboriginal people provides an entry point into a microhistory that illustrates and reveals under-acknowledged, fraught and fragmented facets of transcultural life in 1960s rural Australia, and the place of ethnic-settler-colonisers in Australia’s history of settler-colonialism, dispossession, and pastoralism. Through this case study, we argue the importance of uncovering, recovering and reclaiming the history of Mediterranean migrants’ transcultural relationships with First Nations people.

Resilience and business model adaptation in turbulent times: experiences of Russophone migrant entrepreneurs in Germany during Covid-pandemic

ABSTRACT Migrants starting up businesses face different challenges than local companies, this difference can represent multifaceted features during turbulent times. Migrant entrepreneurs with diaspora resources can adapt their business models with special cultural and linguistic value creation elements that target markets both physically and online using digital means. Migrant resilience has been ignored in the business model-related literature. This multiple case study contributes to that. It examines ways five Russophone migrant entrepreneurs adapt their business models and employ available cultural and linguistic features, and other business and digital solutions by doing so using a business model canvas. The cases indicate that migrant life transformations combined with international experience may foster their entrepreneurial resilience and help them to adapt to the value creation elements. Shared language is one strategic value component. The study shows that migrant entrepreneurs discover and address both domestic and international opportunities and have aspirations beyond simple survival or necessity.

Migrants as a resource of the precariat

The article is devoted to new socio-economic processes in the construction of labor relations and the formation of the workforce, as well as the socio-cultural and political consequences of these transformations. The precariat is considered as a socio-economic phenomenon, which objectively arises against the background of uncertainty and rapid changes of the modern era. The author focuses on the study of social characteristics and risks of the precariat. This particularly concerns migrants who join the ranks of a new social layer.
 The relationship between social anomie and the transgressive state of migrants and other fractions of the precariat is clarified. The influence of objective global processes and the situationality of everyday life on the active integration of new forms of employment into the socio-economic space is shown. It has been proven that solidarity is an effective strategy for adapting a person to the conditions of uncertainty in the life of migrants and the risks of the precariat way of being.

Post-displacement status of climate migrants in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh

Some big cities in Bangladesh have been experiencing a massive and rapid influx of rural people due to the impacts of climate change, and therefore the urban administration encounters enormous challenges. This study aims to investigate the drivers of climate-induced migration and the post-displacement status of the migrants living in the urban slum of Rajshahi City. Using a semi-structured questionnaire survey, this study conducted interviews with 50 migrants residing in two slums in Rajshahi City. An interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach was implemented to evaluate the survey data. This study finds that food insecurity and flood are the two significant climate drivers of migration. Among the non-climate drivers, lack of alternative livelihood is the major reason. It should be noticed that the climate migrants in many cases do not get the opportunity to improve their living standards; they are usually occupied with low-pay professions like maid, van and rickshaw puller, and scrap collector. The study also reveals that migrants, especially females and children, need several basic physiological, economic, social, and health services. Most children have no chance to attend school. Compared to males, females have more opportunities for some support and allowances. Overall, an inadequate level of change has taken place in the lives of migrants, which raises the concern if migration is ever a way to resolve a problem or the beginning of many other problems. Further researches may concentrate on the impact of migration on the dynamics of social capital among slum dwellers.

Ireland, Literature, and the Coast: Seatangled by Nicholas Allen

<i>Ireland, Literature, and the Coast: Seatangled</i> by Nicholas Allen

Calais Again

Calais Again is a digital story recounting a young man, Anas’ experience of returning to France for the first time after migrating to the United Kingdom as a separated asylum-seeking child. Produced using biographical narrative and participatory arts-based research approaches, Calais Again was created as a rare self-authored contribution to Anas’ personal archive of migration documents, and as a resource for communicating the multiple and multi-layered journeys of asylum-seeking young people. In the context of COVID-19, the story additionally highlights how the pandemic is just one of many forces of ontological insecurity and constrained mobility in the lives of young forced migrants. While the project was commenced pre-pandemic, the editing and launch of the digital story took place remotely, presenting ethical, methodological and relational challenges, but also unanticipated affordances. In particular, the spectrum of options for differentiated presence enabled by online events – from anonymous observation to co-presentation – offers unique opportunities for navigating safeguarding and agency for youth researchers.

Managing the non-integration of transient migrant workers: Urban strategies of enclavisation and enclosure in Singapore

Research on migration in arrival cities, particularly in the west, has traditionally focused on spatial formations such as ‘ethnic enclaves’ or ‘immigrant neighbourhoods’ in order to investigate questions around assimilation, integration and settlement issues relating to more permanent forms of migration. By shifting attention to the cities of migration in Asia that operate largely under a regime of temporary migration, we foreground the twin concepts of enclavisation and enclosure not as fixed entities but as ongoing spatial-temporal strategies of disciplinary power with uneven consequences for migrant life and labour in the city. Set within the context of Singapore, we draw on qualitative interviews with two groups of transient migrant workers – male construction workers and female domestic workers – to examine two sets of conjoined processes underpinning their spatial containment in the city-state: ground-driven enclavisation or the formation of ‘weekend enclaves’ /gathering grounds as co-national social spaces of support and comfort zones of co-ethnic belonging; and state-driven enclosure in dormitories or home-workspaces as a set of containment measures in response to gender-differentiated concerns about enclavisation. As spatial–temporal processes that shape the migrant’s place in, and mobility through, the city in highly gendered and disciplined ways, enclavisation and enclosure work in tandem to reinforce the non-integration of low-waged transient migrants in the city.

Utilization prediction-based VM consolidation approach

Reducing energy consumption and optimizing resource usage in large cloud data centers is still an essential target for the current researchers and cloud providers. The state-of-the-art highlights the effectiveness of VM consolidation and live migrations in achieving reasonable solutions. However, most proposals consider only the real-time workload variations to decide whether a host is overloaded or underloaded, or to trigger migration actions. Such approaches may apply frequent and needless VM migrations leading to energy waste, performance degradation, and service-level agreement (SLA) violations. In this paper, we propose a consolidation approach based on the resource utilization prediction to determine the overloaded and underloaded hosts. The prediction method combines a Kalman filter and support vector regression (SVR) to forecast the host's future CPU utilization. Simulations are conducted on Cloudsim using real PlanetLab workloads to verify the performance of our proposal against existing benchmark algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate that our consolidation technique significantly reduces the SLA violation rate, number of VM migrations, and energy consumed in the datacenter.

Machine learning for energy-resource allocation, workflow scheduling and live migration in cloud computing: State-of-the-art survey

Machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques have been proven helpful when pragmatic to a wide range of complex problems and areas such as energy optimization, workflow scheduling, video gaming, and cloud computing. When machine learning and cloud computing algorithms are combined, they help achieve better outcomes by providing the improved performance of cloud data centers compared to solutions currently employed by various researchers. It is also helpful for migrating the virtual machines based on the current traffic condition and fluctuation due to network congestion and bandwidth availability. The survey aims to present the improvement in dynamic load allocation, task scheduling, energy optimization, live migration, mobile cloud computing, and security on the cloud using machine learning classification. Machine learning algorithms are prevailing analytical approaches that allow machines to identify patterns and simplify the human learning process. The flow of the paper consists of an introduction part, motivation, and background study, including a framework for cloud-machine learning integration, best practices of introducing machine learning in cloud computing, and the objective of the work. The paper also highlights the machine learning-based cloud services and the role of artificial intelligence in different cloud computing platforms. This comprehensive study provides mindfulness and valuable facilities to the researchers by giving thorough studies about various machine learning algorithms and their applicability in cloud computing.