Liver Of Male Albino Rats Research Articles

Studies on the effect of curcumin and quercetin in the liver of male albino rats exposed to gamma irradiation

Ionizing radiation produces deleterious effects on living organisms. The present investigation has been carried out to study the prophylactic as well as the therapeutic effects of treated rats with quercetin (Quer) and curcumin (Cur), which are two medicinal herbs known for their antioxidant activities against damages induced by whole-body fractionated gamma irradiation. Exposure of rats to whole-body gamma irradiation induced a significant decrease in erythrocyte (RBC), leukocyte (WBCs), platelet count (Plt), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (Hct %), mean erythrocyte hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean erythrocyte volume (MCV); a high increase in plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); a nonsignificant statistical decrease in the mean value of serum glutathione (GSH); a significant increase in plasma alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), alkaline phosphates (ALP), serum total protein, serum total cholesterol levels, total triglycerides levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels; and with marked histological changes and structural changes measured by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Applying both quercetin and curcumin pre- and postexposure to gamma radiation revealed a remarkable improvement in all the studied parameters. The cellular damage by gamma radiation is greatly mitigated by the coadministration of curcumin and quercetin before radiation exposure.

The Effect of Vitamin E on Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Male Albino Rats Under Immobilization Stress

The Effect of Vitamin E on Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Male Albino Rats Under Immobilization Stress

Effect of Rosuvastatin on the liver in male albino rats

Effect of Rosuvastatin on the liver in male albino rats

Accelerated Storage and Subchronic Effects of Difenoconazole on The Liver of Male Albino Rats

Accelerated Storage and Subchronic Effects of Difenoconazole on The Liver of Male Albino Rats

Physiological and histological Study on liver of male albino rats treated with retinol drug (retain)

Isotretinoin, commonly known as 13-cis-retinoic acid, is a vitamin derivative used to treat severe acne and several types of skin, head, and neck cancer. According to certain research, isotretinoin causes apoptosis in a number of different types of bodily cells. In instances of clinically obvious acute liver injury with jaundice, isotretinoin has not been definitively linked. It is unknown how isotretinoin elevates serum aminotransferase levels, however, given that this effect seems to occur more frequently with a greater dose of medication, it may be a direct harmful impact. Methods: This study was conducted in the animal house in the College of Science / University of Babylon for the period from 22/11/2021 to 22/12/2021. The study included 40 white male albino rats (Rattus rattus) aged 2-3 months, weighing 100 to 150 g, and at a temperature of (25+3C) and 12 u (light-dark cycle) and then divided into eight groups, each group containing five rats. The animals were left before treatment for two weeks to acclimatize. After that, the rats were treated with Isotretinoin and they were given free water and a ration.

The Biological and Chemical Ameliorative Effects of Bread Substituted with Dried Moringa Leaves

This study conducted to evaluate the effect of additional dried moringa leaves on bread and their effects on the chemical and biological of rats fed it. Wheat flour with dried moringa leaves powder (DMLB) is used at different levels (6 and 9%) to produce moringa bread. We performed a sensory evaluation of wheat bread substituted with dried moringa leaves, chemical properties (approximate composition and antioxidants), microbiology (total bacteria, spore-forming bacteria, fungi, and yeast) and biological analysis (Triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL, ALT, AST, urea, creatinine). Therefore, histopathology examination for kidney and livers of male albino rats fed fortified bread with dried moringa leaves compared with the control sample. The results of the approximate analysis showed significant differences by adding moringa leaves and the percentage of ash, protein, fat, and fiber increased with the moisture content. Moreover, carbohydrates decreased from fortified bread with dried moringa leaves compared to the control sample. The best treatment was fortified bread with 6% dried moringa leaves for all sensory evaluations compared to the other samples and moringa bread (DMLB 9%) helped reduce the microbial load during storage. The effect of moringa bread on liver cirrhosis was evaluated in rats induced by carbon tetrachloride CCl 4 . We found out that the effect of moringa leaves on liver and kidney functions in a state of improvement, as for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the proportion of LDL was less than HDL compared to the control sample. At the same time, moringa leaves have a significant effect on reducing cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and creatinine in the serum of rats, which may be attributed to the presence of biologically active plant components. It can be concluded that moringa leaves can improve biological and histological of rats feed it.

Dysfunction of aged liver of male albino rats and the effect of intermitted fasting; Biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study

Intermittent fasting exerts beneficial effects on most age-related degenerative changes throughout the body. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects and mechanism of intermittent fasting on aged liver in male albino rats. Forty male albino rats were used in this study and were divided into four equal groups; Group I served as control ; rats aged 1 month sacrfied when they reached age of 4 month. Group II; rats aged 1 month with intermittent fasting for 3 months. The rats sacrfied when they reached age of 4 mounth Group III; rats aged 15-month fed an ad-libitum diet. The rats sacrified when they reached age of 18 month. Group IV; 15 month rats with intermittent fasting for 3 months. The rats sacrified when they reached age of 18 month. Liver specimens were excised and processed for biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study. Blood samples were collected for biochemical study. The result showed a significant increase in liver injury, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers with a marked decrease in the autophagy marker in group III if compared with both group I and II. Additionally, group III showed hepatic vacuolations, cellular filtration, and congestion in both central and portal veins. A highly significant increase in the mean color intensity of positive immunochemical reaction for anti caspase 3 and anti-TNFα as well as a highly significant increase in the surface area fraction of collagen fibers were noticed in group III if compared with group I and II. Interestingly, intermittent fasting (group IV) remarkably reduced the previous alternation that that occurred in group III. It could be concluded that various biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical alterations were observed in liver rat in group III. Beneficial effects of fasting on these changes were recorded in group IV through its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic effect as well as its effect in modulating autophagy in aged liver cells. This might open the gate for further research and provide a new line for therapeutic intervention in aged liver. These data lead to speculate that sporadic fasting might represent a simple, safe, and inexpensive means to fight the changes occurred in the aged liver.

Ajwa Date Fruit Extract Ameliorates the Effects of Alcohol on Weight of Liver in Male Albino Rats

Background: Liver injuries induced by different toxic substances have been recognized as one of the great toxicological problem for years. However, there are a lot of herbal medicines existing to compensate these disorders.Alcohols are one of the most important organic compounds in different areas of our daily lives. The health benefits of Ajwa Date Fruit Extract are well documented in literature. Objective: To determine the effect of alcohol on weight of liver and possible protective role of Ajwa date fruit extract (ADFE) in adult male albino rats. Study Design:Experimental Study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore from 1st October 2018 to 31st March 2019. Methodology: Twenty four adult male albino rats were used in this research and divided into the 4 groups A, B, C and D having 6 rats in each group. Group A was designated as control group;group B received ethanol 3g/kg/day of 40% v/v prepared in distilled water; group C received ethanol and ADFE1g/kg/day and group D received ethanol and ADFE 2g/kg/day by oral gavage once daily for 28 days.The 100% pure alcohol was dissolved in distilled water for preparation of 40% alcohol. Dates palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits washed with tap water and removed the seeds. The extract of the date fruits made by adding distilled water to date fruit (3:1) and leaving for 48 hours in refrigerator (4°C). Results: The increase in mean weight of liver in group B on 29th day of experiment were statistically significant (p=0.001) in comparison with the control. The mean weight of liver was decreased significantly after 28 days of experiment in experimental groups C and D. Conclusions: Alcohol administration in the male albino rats significantly increase their weight of liver which was improved by the use of ADFE. Key words: Alcohol, Ajwa date fruit extract, Rats

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in liver of male albino rats after exposing to sub-chronic intoxication of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and imidacloprid

The adverse effects of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and imidacloprid on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress biomarkers were studied in rat liver. The liver deficiency was also confirmed by histological analysis and gel electrophoresis. Each insecticide was administered orally with five doses per week for 28 days to male albino rats at 1/50 of the LD50 per insecticide. The results demonstrated that the mitochondrial dysfunction was confirmed by a significant decrease in NADH dehydrogenase and ATPase activities. Oxidative stress biomarkers include malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl content (PCC) were significantly increased. However, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased in the mitochondria of the rat liver. HPLC analysis showed a significant increase of the 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-2DG) as a biomarker of the DNA damage in rat liver. In addition, the residue levels of 0.96 and 0.29 μg/mL serum were found for cypermethrin and imidacloprid, respectively. However, chlorpyrifos not detected using the HPLC analysis. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) analysis showed a change in the pattern and sequence of complexions of the electron transport chain in liver mitochondria with treatment by such insecticides. The hepatic histological examination also showed symptoms of abnormalities after exposure to these insecticides.

Acute Abamectin Exposure Induces Oxidative Stress Responses in Liver of Male Albino Rats

Background: Acute oral and dermal toxicity tests are considered as a regulatory assessment in systemic toxicity of agrochemicals. Aim: this study achieved to study the effect of single oral and dermal sub-lethal exposure of abamectin on the oxidative stress biomarkers in the liver of male albino rats. Methods: forty rats were divided into three groups as control, oral and dermal. The tested dose was ½ of LD50 for oral and dermal experiments. Results: exposure to abamectin (ABM) at sub-lethal doses oral or dermal is connected with induction of oxidative stress in the liver of male albino rats. Oxidative stress is evidenced by the increase in lipid and protein oxidation (MDA and PC) biomarkers. As well, antioxidant enzymes such as CAT and GST were increased hepatocytes. On the other hand, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and SOD were markedly reduced. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in hepatocytes was markedly increased in both oral and dermal exposure. Conclusion: this study through light on the importance of responsible use of pesticides in reducing the hazard impact of agrochemicals.

Ameliorating Effect of Green Tea Aqueous Extract against Histo pathophysiological Changes Induced by Ciprofibrate in the liver of Male Albino Rats

Background: The liver is a specific target for drug toxicity because of its role in removal and metabolism of chemicals by converting drugs into another forms that can be readily removed from the body. It is known that the main function of the liver is the elimination of toxins that may enter the body, thus becoming vulnerable damaged during this mechanism, which can be revealed as bleeding, congestion, necrosis or other conditions of liver injury. Ciprofibrate belongs to widely used class of lipid-regulating agents, which stimulate hepatic cells and the hepatic cell becomes uncontrollably divided, causing liver growth. It causes liver cell proliferation in addition to other pleiotropic effects such as peroxisome proliferation and induction of certain peroxisomal and cytosolic enzymes in liver. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of green tea aqueous extract administration against the biochemical and histological alterations induced in the liver by ciprofibrate in male rats. Materials and Methods: In the current study 3 groups of 6 male rats were used (Control group, 100mg\Kg body weight, and Cipro 100mg\Kg body weight with green tea). The rats have been treated daily orally by gavages for 21 days. On the last day of the experiment the animals were killed then blood samples and parts from the liver were collected. Liver function was examined for the serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphates (ALP), enzyme activities, and serum total & direct bilirubin concentrations. The histopathological investigation was conducted for the liver tissues of all groups. Results: Treatment of male rats with 100 mg\Kg body weight of ciprofibrate caused a significant increase in serum ALT, AST, and ALP activities, total, and direct bilirubin concentration. Histologically, there were histological changes in central vein area and portal zones, revealed congestion in blood sinusoids, necrosis in hepatic cells, and damage in central vein lining epithelium. Co-administration of green tea aqueous extract with Ciprofibrate significantly improved the structural changes in the liver and the serum ALT, AST, and ALP activities, total, and direct bilirubin concentrations were significantly declined. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Ciprofibrate treatment induced elevation in liver function tests and severe histopathological changes and green tea aqueous extract was able to protect the liver against these effects in male rats. So, the patients should be advised to take green tea aqueous extract while they are treated by ciprofibrate.

Histological, Biochemical and DNA Changes in the Liver of Male Albino Rats Treated with Silver Nanoparticles

Histological, Biochemical and DNA Changes in the Liver of Male Albino Rats Treated with Silver Nanoparticles

Ultrastructure and Pathology Study of the Effect of an Antidepressant (Olanzapine) on the Health of Mitochondria in liver of male Albino Rat

Introduction Depression is a common disease these days and it is a mental illness that affects people of all ages and it is a very common disorder among the general public. In a scientific study conducted in the United States, it was found that the prevalence of the disease was 16.9%,

Expression of VEGF and Nestin in Chronic Restraint-Induced Stress in the Livers of Male Albino Rats.

Background and Aim of work: Stress and its related comorbid diseases are responsible for many liver pathologies. Nestin, a protein detected in a wide range of progenitor cells, was implicated in hepatic remodeling. Moreover, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in vessel repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic restrain stress (CRS) on expression of hepatic VEGF and Nestin. Materials and methods: Twelve male rats were divided into two groups; negative control and CRS. Animals of CRS were restrained individually in ventilated glass tube restrainers daily for 6 hours/day for 3 weeks. The liver samples were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome and immunohistochemical staining for Nestin and VEGF with morphometric analysis. Results: Exposure to chronic restraint stress for 3 weeks caused hepatic inflammation, deposition of collagen. Immunohistochemical staining showed a coinciding significantly higher positive reaction for VEGF and Nestin in the CRS group. Conclusion: Vascular endothelial growth factor and Nestin immunohistochemical staining were both increased in chronic restraint-induced hepatic stress coinciding with the induced increase in hepatic inflammation, deposition of collagen. Nestin & VEGF

Effect of Ginger and curcum powder on fatty liver in Male Albino Rats intoxicated with oxytetracycline

Effect of Ginger and curcum powder on fatty liver in Male Albino Rats intoxicated with oxytetracycline

Comparative studies on the effect of aspartame (artificial sweetener) and stevia (natural sweetener) on liver of male albino rat

Caloric sweetener sucrose is an essential component of modern diet. However sucrose diet has an adverse effect on body weight and is associated with medical complications. So, substituting sucrose with low calorie sweeteners either synthetic as aspartame or natural as stevia is an efficacious weight management strategy. In the present investigation, total numbers of 64 albino rats were divided into four groups: the first group served as control receiving distilled water. The second group represented the sucrose group receiving 10 % sucrose solution (weight by volume). The third group served as aspartame group receiving aspartame (75 mg/kg body weight). The fourth group represented stevia group and received stevia (40 mg/kg body weight). Rats were subjected to different experimental regimens for two durations, short duration (30 days) and long duration (90 days). Histological investigation of liver sections from aspartame treated rats revealed fatty degeneration, necrosis of hepatic cells, dilatation and congestion of the central blood vessels with distortion of normal lobular architecture with increase in collagenous fibers while stevia treatment illustrated preserved normal hepatic pattern. Histochemical staining of Best Carmine stain and bromophenol blue in liver tissue revealed significant decrease in glycogen content and protein content respectively in liver aspartame group followed by sucrose group. On the other hand, image analysis of liver sections stained with Sudan III demonstrated significant elevation in fat content in sections from aspartame treated group followed by sucrose group when compared to control group. Stevia administration revealed no histological or histochemical changes in the liver tissue sections compared to control group.

Expression of VEGF and Nestin in Chronic Restraint-Induced Stress in the Livers of Male Albino Rats.

Background and Aim of work: Stress and its related comorbid diseases are responsible for many liver pathologies. Nestin, a protein detected in a wide range of progenitor cells, was implicated in hepatic remodeling. Moreover, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in vessel repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic restrain stress (CRS) on expression of hepatic VEGF and Nestin. Materials and methods: Twelve male rats were divided into two groups; negative control and CRS. Animals of CRS were restrained individually in ventilated glass tube restrainers daily for 6 hours/day for 3 weeks. The liver samples were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome and immunohistochemical staining for Nestin and VEGF with morphometric analysis. Results: Exposure to chronic restraint stress for 3 weeks caused hepatic inflammation, deposition of collagen. Immunohistochemical staining showed a coinciding significantly higher positive reaction for VEGF and Nestin in the CRS group. Conclusion: Vascular endothelial growth factor and Nestin immunohistochemical staining were both increased in chronic restraint-induced hepatic stress coinciding with the induced increase in hepatic inflammation, deposition of collagen. Nestin & VEGF

Long-term influence of sialoadenectomy on the liver of male albino rat

ABSTRACTEpidermal growth factor is an endocrine product of the submandibular gland; the liver is an important target of its action and is affected by sialoadenectomy. Thirty rats were used in this study and divided into group I (sham-operated animals), group II (sialoadenectomy after 4 weeks), and group III (sialoadenectomy after 10 weeks). Liver samples were processed for light and electron microscope examination. Sialoadenectomy induced mild-to-moderate liver damage which persists up to 10 weeks after the operation. This damage is manifested morphologically rather than functionally, affecting the general structure, hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and hepatic sinusoids.

The differential effects of high-fat and high- -fructose diets on the liver of male albino rat and the proposed underlying mechanisms.

The Western-style diet is characterised by the high intake of energy- -dense foods. Consumption of either high-fructose diet or saturated fat resulted in the development of metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Many researchers studied the effect of high-fat diet (HFD), high-fructose diet (HFruD) and high-fructose high-fat diet (HFHF) on the liver. The missing data are the comparison effect of these groups i.e. are effects of the HFHF diet on the liver more pronounced? So, this study was designed to compare the metabolic and histopathological effect of the HFD, HFruD, and HFHF on the liver. The proposed underlying mechanisms involved in these changes were also studied. Twenty four rats were divided into four groups: con- trol, HFD, HFruD, and HFHF. Food was offered for 6 weeks. Biochemical, light microscopic, immunohistochemical (Inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] and alpha-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA]), real-time polymerase chain reaction (gene expression of TNF-α, interleukin-6, Bax, BCL-2, and caspase 3), histomorphometric analysis and oxidative/antioxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS], malondialdehyde [MDA]/glutathione [GSH] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) were done. The HFD, HFruD and HFHF groups developed a cluster of liver disorders; steatosis, necrosis, inflammation, apoptosis, ballooning degeneration and cytopla- smic vacuolations. Internal metabolic impairments include elevated serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and decreased serum levels of high density lipoprotein and albumin. The immunoreaction of the α-SMA and iNOS was strong in these groups. The oxidant markers (MDA and TBARS) were elevated, while the antioxidant markers (SOD and GSH) were decreased. The area per cent of collagen, inflammatory markers, caspase 3 and Bax were elevated, while the BCL-2/Bax ratio was decreased. The decrease in PAS, antioxidant markers and the elevation of the α-SMA, iNOS, inflammatory and oxidant markers were obvious in the HFHF when compared to that of the other groups. High-fat diet, HFruD, and HFHF developed morphologic hepatic changes ranging from steatosis to necrosis and inflammation, besides the deve- lopment of internal metabolic impairments. The chief factors of hepatic injury were fat accumulation in the hepatocytes, oxidative stress and highly elevated iNOS. Compared to the other groups, HFHF's effect was more prominent.

Ameliorative Effect of Two Antioxidants on the Liver of Male Albino Rats Exposed to Electromagnetic Field

Aim of the work-This study aimed to determine the ameliorative effect of silymarin (SIL) and vitamin E (Vit.E) against changes induced by mobile phone radiation in the liver of male albino rats. Matrerial and methods-Total of 48 adult male albino rats were assigned for this study. The 1st group served as control (n=6); the 2nd group exposed to mobile phone generator radiation (900MHz) for 2hr/day 3days/week for two months, 3rd group (+ve control) supplemented with SIL, 4th group (+ve control) supplemented with Vit.E, 5th group (+ve control) supplemented with SIL and Vit.E, 6th group: exposed group supplemented with SIL, 7th group : exposed group supplemented with Vit.E and 8th group exposed group supplemented with SIL and Vit.E.Physiological , histopathological and histochemical changes were studied.Results- Exposure to mobile phone causes reduction in RBCs, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH and MCHC. However, WBCs count, platelets count, lymphocytes % and neutrophil %were increased.Also, there were increases in liver enzyme activities ALAT, ASAT and ALP in serum and liver tissue significantly and increased oxidative stress markers (MDA and H2O2).While, antioxidants (CAT and GSH) were decreased in serum and liver tissue. Numerous histopathological changes were detected in the liver tissue of rats of the irradiated group with altered collagen fibres, polysaccharides and total protein in hepatocytes of the central and portal areas of the liver tissue in the exposed group These changes manifested good amelioration in the exposed groups that supplemented with SIL and/or Vit.E . Conclusion- Treatment of rats with SIL and/or Vit.E ameliorated the dangerous effect of mobile phone radiation.