Levels Of Liver Function Tests Research Articles

Serum thymosin beta 10 level as a potential prognosis prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic diseases

Thymosin Beta 10 (TMSB10) is a thymosin family member that has been identified as being overexpressed in a wide variety of human cancers. This study aimed to determine the expression level of TMSB10 in sera of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis. And to reveal the association between TMSB10 and different stages in patients with HCC. We also wanted to know how TMSB10 is predictive in HCC patients and its relation to the Barcelona Clinic's staging system. The study included 41 HCC patients, 15 liver cirrhosis patients, and 15 normal control subjects. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine serum levels of TMSB10 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in serum of normal control individuals and patients with liver cirrhosis and different stages of HCC, and to evaluate the relationship of AFP with TMSB10. The TMSB10 levels in patients with HCC were statistically different than in the control group and in the different stages of HCC. We found a statistically significant difference in the distribution of TMSB10 between the three study groups (p< 0.001). There was an association between TMSB10 concentration and AFP. The level of TMSB10 in the serum of the HCC subgroups was then analyzed. The TMSB10 level increased with the advance of HCC stages. The TMSB10 level in HCC patients did not correlate with levels of liver function tests including aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, prothrombin, bilirubin, or alkaline phosphatase. In conclusion, serum TMSB10 levels can be used as a potential prognostic marker for clinical stages of HCC.

Evaluation of antidiabetic activities of linseed (linum usitatissimum l.) Sprout extracts in adult Streptozotocin-induced (a-stz) long-evan rats

The study investigates the anti-diabetic properties of linsseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) sprout extracts in adult streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Long-Evan rats, addressing the limitations of existing treatment strategies in Bangladesh. The diabetic rats were administered orally with 400 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extracts of linseed sprout with a lab diet and glibenclamide as a positive control. Blood sugar levels were measured before, after, and after STZ injection in Long- Evan rats. The lipid profiles and liver function tests were performed. Administration of extracts of linseed sprouts and a standard anti-diabetic drug reduced the glucose level from 9.1 mmol/l to 6.0 mmol/l and 10.5 mmol/l to 6.6 mmol/l , respectively. The study also showed a healthy level of liver function tests and lipid profiles. The in vivo analysis of the potential antidiabetic activity of linseed sprouts in the STZ-induced diabetic mouse model might be used to treat and manage diabetes. Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(3): 503-510, 2024 (September)

Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy during COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background and Objectives: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) stands as one of the most prevalent concerns in maternal-fetal medicine, presenting a significant risk to fetal health and often associated with liver dysfunction. Concurrently, the coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) infection can lead to hepatic cell injury through both direct and indirect pathways. Hypothetically, these two conditions may coincide, influencing each other. This study aimed to comparatively assess the incidence and severity of ICP before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, comparing the incidence and severity of ICP between January 2018 and February 2020 (pre-COVID-19 period) and March 2020 to March 2022 (COVID-19 period) across two hospitals, encompassing 7799 deliveries. The diagnosis of ICP was established using the ICD-10 code and defined as total bile acids (BA) levels ≥ 10 μmol/L. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests, as well as multiple or logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 226 cases of ICP were identified. The incidence of mild cholestasis (BA < 40 μmol/L) was lower during the pandemic compared to before (3% before versus 2%, p < 0.05), while the incidence of moderate and severe ICP remained unchanged (0.6% before vs. 0.4%, p = 0.2). Overall, the total incidence of ICP was lower during the pandemic (3.6% before versus 2.4%, p = 0.01). No significant differences were observed in severity (as defined by BA and liver function test levels), rates of caesarean section, or neonatal birth weights. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the total incidence of ICP appeared to be lower. However, this reduction was primarily observed in cases of mild ICP, potentially indicating challenges in detection or reduced access to medical services during this period. The incidence of moderate and severe ICP remained unchanged, suggesting that these forms of the condition were unaffected by the pandemic's circumstances.

Hirsutidin protects against hepatic injury by alcohol-induced oxidative stress in mice

In this research, the influence of hirsutidin on mice with alcoholic liver disease was examined. A total of 30 mice were randomly allocated to five groups (n = 6): Normal control group, Ethanol (EtOH) control group, hirsutidin-10, hirsutidin-20, and hirsutidin-20 per se for 4-week. Furthermore, 1 h after the last dosage of the treatment, 5 mL/kg (i.p.) EtOH (56%) was injected to cause hepatic injury. After 5 h of EtOH administration, blood samples were taken, and then the liver was excised for biochemical analysis. Hirsutidin treatment restored the biochemical changes induced by EtOH: serum levels of liver function tests, lipid profile, blood urea nitrogen, antioxidants levels, malondialdehyde, and cytokines. Hirsutidin supplementation also significantly decreased the histopathological abnormalities in EtOH-induced mice. In the present study, hirsutidin was found to have therapeutic potential for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. Hirsutidin prevented ethanol-induced biochemical and histopathological alterations in the liver, suggesting its hepatoprotective effect.

Evaluating the Utility of Liver Transaminases as Predictors of Feto-Maternal Outcome in Lieu of Serum Bile Acids in Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Prospective Observational Study.

Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) is a disorder of the second half of pregnancy causing pruritus and abnormal liver function tests (LFT). Incidence in India is 1.2-1.5%. ICP leads to adverse feto-maternal outcomes with early delivery indicated before serum bile acids (SBA) (gold standard) and hepatic transaminases are critically high. With paucity of evidence these levels are not well defined. To determine the association of liver transaminases with pregnancy outcomes in ICP and evaluate critical levels for prediction of adverse outcomes. A prospective observational study was conducted comprising 88 pregnant women with pruritus not associated with rash. After history and examination, LFT and SBA levels were done, treatment given and followed till pregnancy termination to determine the feto-maternal outcome. The mean age of participants was 26.43 ± 3.35 years. The mean SBA, ALT and AST levels were 18.97 ± 10.320 μmol/L, 206.06 ± 45.71units/litre and 175.37 ± 101.088 units/litre respectively. 39.7% of participants were symptomatic for ICP while 38.6% responded to treatment. 34.1% underwent LSCS majorly (43.3%) formeconiumand 23.3% had foetal distress. 33% had preterm delivery. 5.68% of the neonates needed NICU admission and 6.8% had respiratory distress syndrome. The cut off for ALT on ROC curve analysis was 151.5 units/litre with AUC as 0.905, sensitivity and specificity of 89.7 and 70% respectively. ICP leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes. ALT is a promising predictor of adverse outcome and termination of pregnancy can be planned accordingly.

Evaluation of liver functional test values in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Introduction. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is a liver disease, the diagnosis of which is based on the assessment of serum bile acid levels and liver function tests. The study aimed to assess liver function test values in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Materials and methods. The study was based on a prospective cohort study of 142 clinical cases, divided into two groups according to the complication of pregnancy with cholestasis gravidarum. The research was carried out by assessing the level of liver function tests as well as by studying medical documentation. Statistical data were processed using IBM Statistics SPSS 21, MedCalc and GraphPad software. To assess sensitivity and specificity in examining model efficiency, the ROC curve was used. Results. Increased ALT and AST values were found in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyltransferase values were increased in an insignificant number of pregnant women with cholestasis gravidarum. Based on ROC curves, the sensitivity of ALT indicator in diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was 81.7%, specificity - 81.7%; for AST the sensitivity of the indicator was 80.3%, specificity - 81.7%. Conclusions. In the study it was demonstrated significant increase of ALT and AST values in women with cholestasis gravidarum, as well as high sensitivity and specificity of these indicators in the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

Evaluating the derangement of LFTs concerning statin use and probable liver injury among non-cardiac patients, in the light of R ratio.

Background: To evaluate the derangement of Liver Function Tests (LFTs) concerning statin use and probable liver injury among non-cardiac patients in light of the R ratio. Methodology: This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at Sindh Government Hospital Liaquatabad (SGHL) in Karachi, including 142 non-cardiac patients. Both male and female patients, aged ≥ 18 years, continuously using statin irrespective of dose or duration, were included in the study. While non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, those with alcoholic liver diseases, chronic or acute hepatitis, chronic renal failure, disorders of the thyroid or parathyroid glands, cardiovascular, endocrine and any other disease that might alter or elevate liver enzymes, recreational drug users, smokers, users of tobacco products and those patients using herbal medications were excluded from the study sample. The data regarding patients' characteristics, including demographics and clinical characteristics (LFTs result and treatment), were obtained from the hospital records and noted using a structured questionnaire. The R ratio for suspected drug-induced liver injury was calculated following the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) guidelines. The statistical analysis was performed on SPSS version 22.0 Results: The enrolled patients predominantly used rosuvastatin 20 mg/day 124(87.3%), and the mean duration of statin use after the first prescription was 18.28 ± 14.33 months. The LFT levels were mildly elevated concerning statin use, and this borderline elevation did not require further investigation, nor was there any evidence of clinical liver injury. The mean R ratio was 1.81 ± 0.56; most cases presented a cholestatic picture 86(60.6%) complementing the liver safety profile of statins in patients without cardiac diseases. Conclusion: In conclusion, statins use caused only borderline clinically and statistically insignificant elevations in the LFTs over time among non-cardiac patients.

Early drug-induced hepatotoxicity in newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients on ARV therapy: A retrospective follow-up study of liver function profiles

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a primary therapeutic modality for managing individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, and its efficacy has been established. However, the safety profiles of ART need to be continually monitored, including early elevated liver function test (LFT) after antiretroviral (ARV) initiation. This study aimed to assess the incidence of abnormal LFT among HIV-positive patients receiving initial ARV and to identify factors associated with abnormal LFT. A retrospective cohort study without a control group summarised medical records from Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta between January 2014 and December 2021. The study subjects were adult HIV patients taking their first ARV and underwent follow-up visits for at least two weeks. Study outcomes were LFT levels, abnormal LFT, and factors associated with abnormal LFT during follow-up visits at 2 wk, 6 mo, and 12 mo. Univariate and multivariate analyses will be performed with a significance level of p&lt;0.05. A total of 137 subjects with 203 visits were retrieved from medical records. The subjects' mean age was 33.4 years, predominantly male, younger, unmarried, in the early stage of HIV infection, and without comorbidities. The findings showed a significant increase in alanine transaminase (ALT) at all three follow-up visits: 2 wk (p=0.02), 6 mo (p=0.003), 12 mo (p=0.001) and an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) after 6 mo (p=0.007) and 12 mo (p=0.04). Abnormal LFT levels (AST and/or ALT) were observed in 23.4% of patients after a normal baseline, with ALT increase being more common. Furthermore, homosexuality was identified as a significant independent factor associated with abnormal LFT (AOR=3.1; 95% CI 1.27-7.51; p=0.01). The findings indicate exceptionally elevated LFT levels and the occurrence of abnormal LFTs among HIV-positive patients initiating ARVs. The increase in abnormal LFTs was significantly associated with patients identifying as homosexual, where hepatitis co-infection may be a contributing factor. The limited study design and measured variables warrant further investigation.

Clinical impacts of the concomitant use of L-asparaginase and total parenteral nutrition containing L-aspartic acid in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

L-asparaginase (ASNase) depletes L-asparagine and causes the death of leukemic cells, making it a mainstay for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, ASNase's activity can be inhibited by L-aspartic acid (Asp), which competes for the same substrate and reduces the drug's efficacy. While many commercially used total parenteral nutrition (TPN) products contain Asp, it is unclear how the concomitant use of TPNs containing Asp (Asp-TPN) affects ALL patients treated with ASNase. This propensity-matched retrospective cohort study evaluated the clinical effects of the interaction between ASNase and Asp-TPN. The study population included newly diagnosed adult Korean ALL patients who received VPDL induction therapy consisting of vincristine, prednisolone, daunorubicin, and Escherichia coli L-asparaginase between 2004 and 2021. Patients were divided into two groups based on their exposure to Asp-TPN: (1) Asp-TPN group and (2) control group. Data, including baseline characteristics, disease information, medication information, and laboratory data, were collected retrospectively. The primary outcomes for the effectiveness were overall and complete response rates. Relapse-free survival at six months and one year of treatment were also evaluated. The safety of both TPN and ASNase was evaluated by comparing liver function test levels between groups. A 1:1 propensity score matching analysis was conducted to minimize potential selection bias. The analysis included a total of 112 ALL patients, and 34 of whom received Asp-TPN and ASNase concomitantly. After propensity score matching, 30 patients remained in each group. The concomitant use of Asp-TPN and ASNase did not affect the overall response rate (odds ratio [OR] 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.17-1.62) or the complete response rate (OR 0.86; 95% CI = 0.29-2.59) of the ASNase-including induction therapy. The concomitant use of Asp-TPN and ASNase also did not impact relapse-free survival (RFS) at six months and one year of treatment (OR 1.00; 95% CI = 0.36-2.78 and OR 1.24; 95% CI, 0.50-3.12, respectively). The peak levels of each liver function test (LFT) and the frequency of LFT elevations were evaluated during induction therapy and showed no difference between the two groups. There is no clear rationale for avoiding Asp-TPN in ASNase-treated patients.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ALBINO RATS TO COMPARE THE HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED DL-METHIONINE AND N-ACETYLCYSTEINE ON THE LIVER INJURY CAUSED BY POSITIVE CONTROL DRUG DICLOFENAC SODIUM

Introduction: Liver, main organ for biotransformation of drugs, during which most of the drugs which are lipophilic in nature are made hydrophilic by the biochemical processes in the liver cells resulting into water-soluble products which get excreted in urine or bile. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) pertaining to liver, can be of mainly two types, predictable or dose dependent and idiosyncratic. To counter the oxidative stress and cellular damage, several antioxidant enzymes have been developed including superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase and catalase, that detoxify the reactive oxygen species and the cells contained endogenous antioxidants that scavenge the free radicals and reduces the cellular damage of which glutathione plays a major role. Synthesis of glutathione is regulated at the substrate level by cysteine, which is synthesized from homocysteine via the trans-sulfuration pathway N-Acetylcysteine used as a specific drug in the treatment of Paracetamol overdose, serves as a prodrug to L-Cysteine, which is a precursor to the antioxidant Glutathione. L-methionine, a precursor of L-cysteine, which is considered to have antioxidant activity, is found to be a precursor to glutathione as well. Methionine is particularly important in opposing the toxicity of free radicals generated by various toxins. Hence, supplementation of the same has been proposed to have a greater role in reducing the toxic effect on liver. The aim was to study the comparative hepatoprotective effect of orally administered DL-Methionine and N-Acetylcysteine on the liver injury induced by positive control Diclofenac Sodium. Materials and Methods: The healthy albino rats were grouped for the experimental study, in various groups (n=6). After overnight fasting, rats belonging to Group I Vehicle treated Group (n=6) were administered Distilled Water 10 ml/kg orally Group II to V were administered single oral dose concomitantly with Diclofenac sodium (96 mg/kg &amp; 240 mg/kg p.o.) and DL-Methionine (700 mg/kg p.o. &amp; 1400 mg/kg p.o.) respectively. Group VI and VII were administered single oral dose concomitantly with Diclofenac sodium (96 mg/kg &amp; 240 mg/kg p.o.) and N-Acetylcysteine 450 mg/kg p.o., respectively. Serum samples from each rats were collected after 24-hours of post-treatment, to study the comparative effects of DL-Methionine and N-Acetylcysteine on the liver injury induced by positive control Diclofenac Sodium through Haemato-biochemical changes. Results: The vehicle-treated group showed no significant alteration in the level of liver function tests and liver morphology. On concomitant administration of DL-Methionine 700 mg/kg with Diclofenac sodium 96 mg/kg and 240 mg/kg it was observed that there occurred significant reduction (p &lt; 0.001) in the serum SGOT and SGPT levels as compared to control and positive control group. The hepatoprotective effect of DL-Methionine 700 mg/kg and N-Acetylcysteine 450 mg/kg on concomitant administration with positive control drug Diclofenac sodium 96 mg/kg were compared for their effect on serum SGPT levels and was observed that there was no statistically significant decrease in the levels of SGPT when compared between the two groups of hepatoprotective agents. The hepatoprotective effect of DL-Methionine 700 mg/kg and N-Acetylcysteine 450 mg/kg on concomitant administration with positive control drug Diclofenac sodium 240 mg/kg, were compared for their effect on serum SGPT levels. It was observed that there was a significant reduction (p &lt;0.05) in SGPT levels, with DL-Methionine 700 mg/kg and N-Acetylcysteine 450 mg/kg. However, in both the doses of DL-Methionine, there were no statistically significant changes in the Total Serum Bilirubin, serum Alkaline Phosphatase &amp; serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGTP) levels. Conclusion: We have compared for the effectiveness of DL-Methionine and N-Acetylcysteine for their hepatoprotective effect against Diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity, where we have observed, both DL-Methionine and N-Acetylcysteine reduces the serum transaminases levels, that were elevated due to the hepatotoxic effect of diclofenac sodium. However, there was no much of a difference of hepatoprotective effect of both DL-Methionine and N-Acetylcysteine. In summary, our present study reinforced the concept that hepatotoxicity induced by drug can be protected by administering NAC even in cases of non-paracetamol induced liver injury.

Multivariate GWAS analysis reveals loci associated with liver functions in continental African populations.

Liver disease is any condition that causes liver damage and inflammation and may likely affect the function of the liver. Vital biochemical screening tools that can be used to evaluate the health of the liver and help diagnose, prevent, monitor, and control the development of liver disease are known as liver function tests (LFT). LFTs are performed to estimate the level of liver biomarkers in the blood. Several factors are associated with differences in concentration levels of LFTs in individuals, such as genetic and environmental factors. The aim of our study was to identify genetic loci associated with liver biomarker levels with a shared genetic basis in continental Africans, using a multivariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. We used two distinct African populations, the Ugandan Genome Resource (UGR = 6,407) and South African Zulu cohort (SZC = 2,598). The six LFTs used in our analysis were: aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin, and albumin. A multivariate GWAS of LFTs was conducted using the exact linear mixed model (mvLMM) approach implemented in GEMMA and the resulting P-values were presented in Manhattan and quantile-quantile (QQ) plots. First, we attempted to replicate the findings of the UGR cohort in SZC. Secondly, given that the genetic architecture of UGR is different from that of SZC, we further undertook similar analysis in the SZC and discussed the results separately. A total of 59 SNPs reached genome-wide significance (P = 5x10-8) in the UGR cohort and with 13 SNPs successfully replicated in SZC. These included a novel lead SNP near the RHPN1 locus (lead SNP rs374279268, P-value = 4.79x10-9, Effect Allele Frequency (EAF) = 0.989) and a lead SNP at the RGS11 locus (lead SNP rs148110594, P-value = 2.34x10-8, EAF = 0.928). 17 SNPs were significant in the SZC, while all the SNPs fall within a signal on chromosome 2, rs1976391 mapped to UGT1A was identified as the lead SNP within this region. Using multivariate GWAS method improves the power to detect novel genotype-phenotype associations for liver functions not found with the standard univariate GWAS in the same dataset.

Data mining in predicting liver patients using classification model.

This study proposes to identify potential liver patients based on the results of a liver function test performed during a health screening to search for signs of liver disease. It is critical to detect aliver patient at an early stage in order to treat them effectively. A liver function test's level of specific enzymes and proteins in the blood is evaluated to determine if a patient has liver disease. According to a review of the literature, general practitioners (GPs) rarely investigate any anomalies in liver function tests to the level indicated by national standards. The authors have useddata pre-processing in this work. The collection has 30691 records with 11 attributes. The classification model is utilized to construct an effective prediction system to aid general practitionersin identifying a liver patient using data mining. The collected results indicate that both the Naïve Bayes and C4.5 Decision Tree models give accurate predictions. However, given the C4.5 model offers more accurate predictions than theNaïve Bayes model, it can be assumed that the C4.5 model is superior for this research. Consequently, the liver patient prediction system will be developed using the rules given by the C4.5Decision Tree model in order to predict the patient class. The training set, suggested data mining with a classification model achieved 99.36% accuracy and on the testing set, 98.40%accuracy. On the training set, the enhanced accuracy relative to the current system was 29.5, while on the test set, it was 28.73. In compared to state-of-the-art models, the proposedapproach yields satisfactory outcomes. The proposed technique offers a variety of data visualization and user interface options, and this type of platform can be used as an early diagnosis tool for liver-related disorders in thehealthcare sector. This study suggests a machine learning-based technique for predicting liver disease. The framework includes a user interface via which healthcare providers can enterpatient information.

Hepatoprotective Potential of Aqueous Extract of Hibiscus rosasinensis and Butea monosperma against Fe-NTA induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Hibiscus rosasinensis and Butea monosperma have been traditionally claimed to be protective against liver injury. However, the hepatoprotective effect against iron overload is not yet validated scientifically. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible ameliorating effect of aqueous extract of Hibiscus rosasinensis (AQEHR) and Butea monosperma (AQEBM) against ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. After extraction, total phenolics and flavonoids content of AQEHR and AQEBM were estimated. Further, antioxidant effect followed by hepatoprotective efficacy of AQEHR and AQEBM were evaluated against chronic iron overload by administering Fe-NTA for 8 successive days to rats in increasing order of doses from 6-15mg Fe/kg. Treatments with both the extracts were started 3 days before the administration of iron and together with iron administration for 8 days. Level of liver function tests, triglycerides, protein, and lipid were recorded. Oxidative biomarkers and histopathology were performed to find out the level of protection by extracts. AQEBM contains a high amount of total phenolic and flavonoids contents and exhibited potent antioxidant effects in all assays. Supplementation of both the extract showed hepatoprotective effect by amelioration of biochemical changes and oxidative biomarkers. AQEBM possesses a higher amount of phenolic components and exhibited better therapeutic potential than AQEHR.

Liver function markers predict cardiovascular and renal outcomes in the CANVAS Program

BackgroundRaised liver function tests (LFTs) have been correlated with multiple metabolic abnormalities and variably associated with cardiorenal outcomes. We sought to systematically test the relationship between LFT levels within the accepted range and major cardiorenal outcomes in a large clinical trial in type 2 diabetes, and the possible impact of placebo-controlled canagliflozin treatment.MethodsWe measured serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartic aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin concentrations in 10,142 patients, at baseline and repeatedly over follow-up. The relation of LFTs to first hospitalized heart failure (HHF), cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality, and progression of renal impairment was investigated using multivariate proportional-hazards models.ResultsIn univariate association, ALT was reciprocally predictive, and ALP was positively predictive, of all adjudicated outcomes; γGT also was directly associated with CV—but not renal—outcomes. In multivariate models including all 5 LFTs and 19 potential clinical confounders, ALT was independently associated with lower, and γGT with higher, CV outcomes risk. Canagliflozin treatment significantly reduced ALT, AST, and γGT over time. In a fully adjusted model including updated LFT levels and treatment, γGT was independently associated with CV and all-cause mortality, ALP with renal dysfunction progression, and canagliflozin treatment with significant reduction in HHF and renal risk.ConclusionsHigher γGT levels are top LFT markers of risk of HHF and death in patients with diabetes and high CV risk, while ALT are protective. Canagliflozin lowers the risk of HHF and renal damage independently of LFTs and potential confounders.

The potential curative role of Avena sativa extract against oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis induced by acute hepatotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in rats.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs or nanosilver) have pulled in expanding interest because of their novel physical, substance, and organic properties contrasted with their full scale scaled partners. The goal of this study was to investigate if Avena sativa (AVS) extract could ameliorate Ag NPs toxicity-induced alterations in liver structure and function, DNA damage, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Twenty adult male rats were assigned randomly to four groups: control, AVS (intragastrically, 5g/Kg body weight/day) for 2 weeks, Ag NPs (400 mg/kg body weight/day) for 1 week as acute toxicity and Ag NPs + AVS (same therapy of Ag NPs as acute toxicity with AVS). This study demonstrated a statistical significant increase in serum levels of liver function tests (AST, ALT, ALP and globulin), liver DNA damage, apoptotic P53 and Malondialdehyde after Ag NPs administration when compared to control group. Conversely, statistical significant decreases were detected in serum albumin, total proteins, liver reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and anti-apoptotic Bcl2 in Ag NPs group as compared to control group. Interestingly, treatment of Ag NPs with AVS (Ag Nps + AVS) was associated with significant improvements of the studied parameters, liver structure and functions. Avena sativa (AVS) extract could scavenge free radicals producing beneficial effects against acute Ag NPs hepatotoxicity in rats induced through activation of oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Evaluation Liver Function Test Abnormalities in Covid-19 Patient in Tertiary Care Hospital, A Cross Sectional Study

Since late December 2019, a novel coronavirus illness (COVID-19) outbreak has been detected in Wuhan, China, affecting 215 nations so far. Although respiratory symptoms are the most common symptom in COVID-19 patients, several extra pulmonary organ dysfunctions have also been observed. Previous investigations have found that individuals with COVID-19 had a high incidence of aberrant liver function parameters. The objective of current study will be to evaluate the effect of effects of covid-19 severity on liver function test and hypocalcaemia. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at Corona Isolation Wards of Sir Gaga Ram Hospital Lahore from April to June 2019. Total 110 RT PCR Positive Covid-19 patients were enrolled in current study by consecutive sampling technique. The Demographic details, Disease severity, Laboratory Findings of Liver Function Test (LFTs) and outcome of every patient was recorded from on a predesigned proforma. Data was analyzed using SPSS-26. ANOVA was applied to find out the difference between disease severity LFTs level. P-value less than 0.05 considered as significant. Results: The patients' average age was 30.03+15.03. The average length of stay in the hospital was 14.76+2.77 days. There was predominance of Male in current study male [M=60(54.5%) vs. F=50(45.5%)]. There are 48 (43.6%) patients with mild disease, 28 (25.5%) patients with moderate disease, and 34 (30.9%) patients with severe disease. Only 2(1.8%) patients died, while 102(92.7%) patients recovered. The most common symptom experience by patients was Fever, followed by Cough (32), Fatigue (29), Diarrhea (17), sore throat (18). A significant increase was observed in ALT, AST, ALP, Serum Bilirubin, Total Protein, Albumin and Globulin according to disease severity (p-value&lt;0.05) Conclusions: The abnormal liver function test was shown to be more common in moderate to severe cases. The severity of COVID-19 has a major impact on the liver's functional outcome. Keywords: COVID-19, Liver Function Test, Disease severity, Liver injury

Evaluation Liver Function Test Abnormalities in Covid-19 Patient in Tertiary Care Hospital, A Cross Sectional Study

Since late December 2019, a novel coronavirus illness (COVID-19) outbreak has been detected in Wuhan, China, affecting 215 nations so far. Although respiratory symptoms are the most common symptom in COVID-19 patients, several extra pulmonary organ dysfunctions have also been observed. Previous investigations have found that individuals with COVID-19 had a high incidence of aberrant liver function parameters. The objective of current study will be to evaluate the effect of effects of covid-19 severity on liver function test and hypocalcaemia. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at Corona Isolation Wards of Sir Gaga Ram Hospital Lahore from April to June 2019. Total 110 RT PCR Positive Covid-19 patients were enrolled in current study by consecutive sampling technique. The Demographic details, Disease severity, Laboratory Findings of Liver Function Test (LFTs) and outcome of every patient was recorded from on a predesigned proforma. Data was analyzed using SPSS-26. ANOVA was applied to find out the difference between disease severity LFTs level. P-value less than 0.05 considered as significant. Results: The patients' average age was 30.03+15.03. The average length of stay in the hospital was 14.76+2.77 days. There was predominance of Male in current study male [M=60(54.5%) vs. F=50(45.5%)]. There are 48 (43.6%) patients with mild disease, 28 (25.5%) patients with moderate disease, and 34 (30.9%) patients with severe disease. Only 2(1.8%) patients died, while 102(92.7%) patients recovered. The most common symptom experience by patients was Fever, followed by Cough (32), Fatigue (29), Diarrhea (17), sore throat (18). A significant increase was observed in ALT, AST, ALP, Serum Bilirubin, Total Protein, Albumin and Globulin according to disease severity (p-value&lt;0.05) Conclusions: The abnormal liver function test was shown to be more common in moderate to severe cases. The severity of COVID-19 has a major impact on the liver's functional outcome. Keyword: COVID-19, Liver Function Test, Disease severity, Liver injury

Relationship Between Serum Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Level and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Severity

Aim: The repetitive hypoxemia can induce oxidative stress mechanisms. Oxidative stress increases serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). To investigate the relationship between serum levels of ADMA and OSAS severity. Methods: 330 patient’s records, who underwent overnight poly-somnography (PSG) were retrospectively examined. The patients who had an abnormal serum glucose, lipid, thyroid, renal and liver function tests levels, had excluded. 72 patients had participating criteria. Patients were categorized into five groups according to apnea/hipopnea index (AHI). Measurement of ADMA levels were performed by ELISA kit. Results: The mean age was 44,19 ± 14,24 years. 31,9 % of the patients were female. Patients in normal group, severe, medium, mild and positional–REM dependent OSAS group were 26,4%, 25%, 6,9 %, 16,7% and 25%; respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between AHI and ADMA (r= 0,483; p&lt;0,001). Appropriate cut-off criterion was set at 1,39 for ADMA. Sensitivity for this value was 73,58 % (95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 61,71- % 85,45 %) and specificity was 94,74 % (95 % CI: 84,70- % to 100%). Accuracy or correct classification rate was found to be 79,17 %. The positive predictive value was 97,5 % and negative predictive value was 56,25 %. The positive likelihood ratio (LR +) was 13,98 (LR + &gt; 10) and the negative likelihood ratio was (LR-) 0,28 (R- &lt;1). Conclusions: ADMA was found to be a strong and good diagnostic tool among patients with normal levels for glucose, lipid, TSH, creatinine and liver function tests.

Relationship between basal liver function test levels and contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography

Relationship between basal liver function test levels and contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography

A Case Report on Drug-induced Liver Injury Induced by Antilipidemic Agents

Objective: This case report describes a patient who suffered a drug-induced liver injury and was treated with &lt;i&gt;Saengganggeonbi-tang&lt;/i&gt;.Methods: A patient was treated with Korean herbal medicine, and the treatment effect was evaluated using liver function tests (LFT) to determine total cholesterol and triglyceride levels.Results: The patient’s LFT levels were normal on 27 July 2021 but became abnormal by 12 August 2021 after taking Western drugs. After 15 days of treatment with Saengganggeonbi-tang, the LFT levels had improved.Conclusion: This study shows that &lt;i&gt;Saenggangeonbi-tang&lt;/i&gt; may be an effective treatment for drug-induced liver injury.