Liver Ailments Research Articles

Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Methanolic Extract of Barleria buxifolia in Experimental Rats

Barleria cuspidata is considered as one of the medicinal plant which finds its use in traditional Indian medicine for treating various liver ailments. In previous studies it has been reported Barleria cuspidata showed antihelminthic activity, wound healing potential. There are no reports on hepatoprotective activity of this plant. The present study was planned to scientifically investigate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Barleria cuspidata using CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity model. The animals were grouped into five groups of six animals each. Except the normal group all the other groups received carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 50% v/v in coconut oil at a dose of 0.1 ml/kg b.w intraperitoneally for 28 days. Normal groups received plain coconut oil orally. The standard group received silymarin 50 mg/kg orally. Test groups received MEBC 200 mg/kg and 400mg/kg b.w orally. On the 28th day, blood samples were collected and serum was separated which is in turn used to analyze liver function tests such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Total bilirubin, total cholesterol, Alb, TP levels along with tests to check SOD, Catalase, GSH, MDA followed by histopathological studies. The results thus obtained showed significant improvement in these parameters and also in the cytoarchitecture of rat liver. Thus concluding that the methanolic extract of Barleria cuspidata possess hepatoprotective activity.

Hepatoprotective Effects of the Leaves of Agauria salicifolia against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

Agauria salicifolia (Ericaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of liver ailments. The present study investigates the hepatoprotective effect of the residual aqueous fraction (RAF) of Agauria salicifolia on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver damage. The ethanol extract obtained as maceration of the dried leaves, was fractionated into hexane, ethyl acetate and residual aqueous fractions. Adult mice of both sexes were pre-treated with the reference drug silymarin (50 mg/kg) or RAF (100 and 200 mg/kg) during 6 days followed by a single administration of APAP (500 mg/kg) on day 7. The hepatoprotective effect and the contribution of antioxidant activities were evaluated by determining the level of transaminases in serum samples, the levels of proteins, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase in liver homogenates. Histological analyses of liver slides were also performed. RAF at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg and silymarin significantly (p increase in proteins (p p p p

Performance Evolution of Different Machine Learning Algorithms for Prediction of Liver Disease

Liver malady is an overall medical issue that is related with different inconveniences and high mortality. It is of basic significance that illness be recognized before such huge numbers of these lives can be spared. The phases of liver ailment are a significant viewpoint for focused treatment. It is a terribly troublesome undertaking for therapeutic analysts to foresee the disease inside the beginning times on account of sensitive manifestations. Generally the side effects become evident once it's past the point of no return. To beat this issue, we have liver infection forecast. Liver sickness might be distinguished with incalculable order systems, and these have been classified the utilization forecast of a number highlights and classifier blends. In this investigation, we applied five sort of classifiers that is Naïve Bayes, logistic regression, support vector machines, Random Forest, K Nearest Neighbour for the examination of liver malady. The classification exhibitions are assessed with 5 distinctive by and large execution measurements, i.e., precision, kappa, Mean absolute error (MAE), Root mean square error (RMSE), and F measures. The objective of this query work is to foresee liver infection with different machine learning and pick most efficient algorithm.

Hepatoprotective studies of aqueous leaf and root extracts of Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. against ethanol induced hepatic stress in rats

The liver is of vital importance in intermediary metabolism and in the elimination of toxic substances. To maintain the liver in a healthy condition is crucial for overall wellbeing of an individual. A number of plants have been the sources of raw materials for various drug formulations used to treat liver ailments. Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn., is one of the medicinal plant used in Ayurveda which is well-known to have hepatoprotective property. In the present study, the hepatoprotection of aqueous leaf (LWBA) and root (RWBA) extracts of B. acutangula, at doses 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were evaluated on ethanol induced hepatic damage in Wistar strain, male albino rats (150-200 g body weight). The liver protective efficacy of the extracts was indicated by reduced levels of serum enzymes, bilirubin, lipid peroxidation and improvement in glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and protein content in a dose dependent manner. The results obtained in the enzyme assays were supported by the histopathological observations. The findings shows that the LWBA extract has better hepatoprotection against ethanol induced liver injury than RWBA extract and also justify the Ayurvedic applications of B. acutangula in the management of liver diseases.

Phytochemicals and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity from Piper caninum and Piper magnibaccum

Background: Piper species are aromatic plants used as spices in the kitchen, but their secondary metabolites have also shown biological effects on human health. In traditional medicine, Piper species have been used worldwide to treat several diseases such as urological problems, skin, liver and stomach ailments, for wound healing, and as antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agents. In the present study, we attempted to isolate the phytochemicals from Piper caninum and Piper magnibaccum and evaluate their tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Methods: Phytochemical constituents of the extracts were investigated using various chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. The structures of the isolated phytochemicals were established by analysis of their spectroscopic data, as compared to that of reported data. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was also tested on the extracts and selected compounds using mushroom tyrosinase as the enzyme. Results: Fractionation and purification of the extracts of Piper caninum and Piper magni­baccum afforded nine known compounds which were cepharanone A (1), cepharadione A (2), aristolactam AII (3), 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (4), 24-methylenecycloartan-3-one (5), β-sitosterol (6), piperumbellactam A (7), 24S-ethylcholesta-5,22,25-trien-3β-ol (8) and stigmast-3,6-dione (9). Ethyl acetate extracts from leaves of P. magnibaccum gave the highest inhibition value at 48.35%, while the tested compounds displayed weak tyrosinase activity compared to the positive control, kojic acid. Conclusion: These phytochemical results suggested that the extracts could assist as a potential source of bioactive compounds. Further research is needed in which the extract could possibly be exploited for pharmaceutical use.

Hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of <i>Jatropha tanjorensis</i> on acetaminophen-induced toxicity in rat model

The hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis (ELEJT) against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity using Swiss albino rats was ascertained. The animals were grouped into six with five animals each. Hepatoprotection against acetaminophen-induced toxicity was evaluated using standard methods. Effect on genotoxicity using micronucleus test and spermatogenesis was ascertained. ELEJT significantly (p˂0.05) decreased the levels of serum liver enzymes. At 800 mgkg-1, ELEJT significantly (p˂0.05) reduced triacylglycerol and LDL levels but significantly (p˂0.05) increased the level of HDL compared to the toxin control group. Administration of ELEJT resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the total protein level. Sperm head abnormality was observed more at 800 mgkg -1 while at 400 mgkg -1 binucleated cell and micronuclei cells were detected. ELEJT exhibited hepatoprotective activity against Acetaminophen-induced liver damage using Swiss albino rats. This validates the traditional use of Jatropha tanjorensis in management of liver ailments and improvement of spermatogenesis. However, more work is needed to ascertain its mode of action. Keywords: Spermatogenesis, Hepatoprotective, Genotoxicity, Acetaminophen

Chemical constituents, experimental and clinical pharmacology of Rosa damascena: a literature review.

Rosa damascena Mill. is prescribed for the management of chest and abdominal pain, constipation, digestive disorders, menstrual bleeding and liver ailments. The current review compiles up to date and complete information of whole plant of R.damascena with particular emphasis on its numerous scientifically proved pharmacological effects, traditional and folk medicinal uses. The data on the pharmacological effects of R.damascena were collected from various databases such as PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Elsevier and Web of Science using the keywords like phytoconstituents, pharmacology, medicinal uses and biological activity of R.damascene. Rosa damascena has a wide spectrum of bio-pharmacological activity like antidepressant, hypoglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant and antimicrobial. The main ingredients of R.damascena essential oil responsible for pharmacological activity are geraniol and citronellol. Its uses have been widely accepted in traditional system of medicines for the management of numerous diseases of human beings in different dosage forms. Rosa damascena has a significant place in traditional system of medicine. It is cost-effective and an important plant with curative application in contemporary medicine. Further studies on the characterization of chemical constituents and scientific basis of pharmacological activity of R.damascena should be carried out to evaluate its impact on traditional system of medicines. Large-scale preclinical and clinical trials will be beneficial in investigating the mechanism of the therapeutic potential of R.damascene to explore its uses in pharmaceutical industries.

A Panel of Protein Kinase Chemosensors Distinguishes Different Types of Fatty Liver Disease.

The worldwide incidence of fatty liver disease continues to rise, which may account for concurrent increases in the frequencies of more aggressive liver ailments. Given the existence of histologically identical fatty liver disease subtypes, there is a critical need for the identification of methods that can classify disease and potentially predict progression. Herein, we show that a panel of protein kinase chemosensors can distinguish fatty liver disease subtypes. These direct activity measurements highlight distinct differences between histologically identical fatty liver diseases arising from diets rich in fat versus alcohol and identify a previously unreported decrease in p38α activity associated with a high-fat diet. In addition, we have profiled kinase activities in both benign (diet-induced) and progressive (STAM) disease models. These experiments provide temporal insights into kinase activity during disease development and progression. Altogether, this work provides the basis for the future development of clinical diagnostics and potential treatment strategies.

Ursodeoxycholic Acid Alters Bile Acid and Fatty Acid Profiles in a Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity.

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a bile acid (BA) approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis. It is also the major active component of bear bile used in traditional Chinese medicine to reduce fever, remove toxins, and treat liver and eye ailments. In addition, UDCA and its conjugated form have been evaluated for their potential to improve symptoms of metabolic diseases, but the results have been inconclusive. To address this issue, in this study, we investigated the effects of orally administered UDCA on mice with diet-induced obesity, including the BA and free fatty acid (FFA) profiles of serum, liver, and epididymis and brown adipose tissues. We found that UDCA treatment significantly improved most metabolic indices; tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and taurolithocholic acid (TLCA) contents were increased in all examined tissues, whereas saturated FA levels were decreased, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) levels were increased in most tissues. A correlation analysis showed that the concentrations of UDCA and its derivatives were positively correlated with that of n-3 PUFA. To clarify the mechanism by which UDCA alters FFA profiles, we analyzed the expression levels of genes involved in FFA biosynthesis, uptake, and oxidation and found that FFA biosynthesis and uptake were inhibited while FFA oxidation was stimulated by UDCA treatment. Additionally, amino acid-conjugated derivatives of UDCA, such as TUDCA and TLCA, altered FFA profiles by modulating FFA biosynthesis, uptake, and oxidation. These findings provide evidence that UDCA can alleviate metabolic dysfunction and could therefore be effective in the treatment of obesity.

Health effects inflicted by chronic low-level arsenic contamination in groundwater: A global public health challenge.

Groundwater arsenic (As) contamination is a global public health concern. The high level of As exposure (100-1000μg/L or even higher) through groundwater has been frequently associated with serious public health hazards, e.g., skin disorders, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory problems, complications of gastrointestinal tract, liver and splenic ailments, kidney and bladder disorders, reproductive failure, neurotoxicity and cancer. However, reviews on low-level As exposure and the imperative health effects are far less documented. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has set the permissible standard of As in drinking water at 10μg/L. Considering the WHO and USEPA guidelines, most of the developed countries have established standards at or below this guideline. Worldwide many countries including India have millions of aquifers with low-level As contamination (≤50μg/L). The exposed population of these areas might not show any As-related skin lesions (hallmark of As toxicity particularly in a population consuming As contaminated groundwater >300μg/L) but might be subclinically affected. This review has attempted to encompass the wide range of health effects associated with chronic low-level As exposure ≤50μg/L and the probable mechanisms that might provide a better insight regarding the underlying cause of these clinical manifestations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to create mass awareness about the health effects of chronic low-level As exposure and planning of proper mitigation strategies.

Different harvest times affect market quality of Lyciumbarbarum L. berries

Goji berry is a lesser-known fruit species and its berries have been used in traditional medicine for centuries as remedies to treat eye, liver, and kidney ailments, as well as for the prevention of cancer symptoms due to its high phytochemical content. This study aimed to investigate changes in the pomological, biochemical, and phytochemical properties of the berries of 4 goji berry genotypes harvested during 4 months (June, July, August, and September) of the same year. The results indicated that the highest berry dimensions (height and width) and soluble solid content were obtained from Genotype 2, harvested in June. The vitamin C, total phenolic, and total anthocyanin contents and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate values were between 69.06 and 169.96 mg/100 mL, 219.07 and 558.74 mg GAE/L, 2.73 and 107.94 mg/L, and 75.03 and 500.87 μL/mL, respectively, according to the genotypes and harvest months based on a 3-year (2015-2017) average, indicating great variations in both the genotypes and, in particular, the sampling months. Therefore, consumers must take into consideration the harvest times and berries of the genotypes in order to obtain better contents in the berries for human health.

Phytosterols and Triterpenoids for Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic-related Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Liver ailments are among the leading causes of death; they originate from viral infections, chronic alcoholism, and autoimmune illnesses, which may chronically be precursors of cirrhosis; furthermore, metabolic syndrome may worsen those hepatopathies or cause Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) that may advance to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Cirrhosis is the late-stage liver disease and can proceed to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Pharmacological treatment options for liver diseases, cirrhosis, and HCC, are limited, expensive, and not wholly effective. The use of medicinal herbs and functional foods is growing around the world as natural resources of bioactive compounds that would set the basis for the development of new drugs. Plant and food-derived sterols and triterpenoids (TTP) possess antioxidant, metabolic-regulating, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as they are recognized as anticancer agents, suggesting their application strongly as an alternative therapy in some chronic diseases. Thus, it is interesting to review current reports about them as hepatoprotective agents, but also because they structurally resemble cholesterol, sexual hormones, corticosteroids and bile acids due to the presence of the steroid nucleus, so they all can share pharmacological properties through activating nuclear and membrane receptors. Therefore, sterols and TTP appear as a feasible option for the prevention and treatment of chronic metabolic-related liver diseases, cirrhosis, and HCC.

Potential of Colocasia leaves in human nutrition: Review on nutritional and phytochemical properties

Colocasia esculenta leaves possess vital nutritive and nonnutritive components in significant amounts, but are underutilized, and lesser explored. The chemical composition varies significantly depending upon climatic conditions and other agronomical factors of the location of cultivation and variety. Micronutrients, viz. iron (3.4-11.7mg 100g-1 ), copper (0.29-0.8mg 100g-1 ), magnesium (170-752mg 100g-1 ), potassium (0.4-2.4g 100g-1 ), and zinc (0.6-4.2mg 100g-1 ) are present in high amounts. The ratio of sodium to potassium (1:40) in the leaves add specifically to the antihypertensive properties. Preclinical and clinical studies provide evidence of its antidiabetic, antihemorrhagic, neuropharmacological properties, and as a remedy for stomach and liver ailments. Assessment of phytochemical compounds like chlorogenic acid, anthraquinones, cinnamic acid derivatives, and other phenolics validates these biological properties. The major limiting factor of this plant is oxalate that can be suppressed through food processing strategies. Colocasia leaves are promising green leafy vegetables with nutritional and clinical potential. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Colocasia leaves have demonstrated the ability of antidiabetic, antihypertensive, immunoprotective, neuroprotective, and anticarcinogenic activities. The detailed assessment of phytochemical compounds present in various extracts of the leaves shows the presence of active chemical compounds like anthraquinones, apigenin, catechins, cinnamic acid derivatives, vitexin, and isovitexin which are possibly responsible for the exhibited biological properties. Colocasia leaves are rich sources of micronutrients; however, the presence of oxalates can prohibit proper utilization of these nutrients. Various food processing strategies like soaking, cooking, and so on can significantly reduce the antinutritional content and make these nutrients available for utilization. Documentation of traditional uses and food products from Colocasia leaves show that these leaves have immense potential in the functional food product as well as drug development.

Piper Species: A Comprehensive Review on Their Phytochemistry, Biological Activities and Applications.

Piper species are aromatic plants used as spices in the kitchen, but their secondary metabolites have also shown biological effects on human health. These plants are rich in essential oils, which can be found in their fruits, seeds, leaves, branches, roots and stems. Some Piper species have simple chemical profiles, while others, such as Piper nigrum, Piper betle, and Piper auritum, contain very diverse suites of secondary metabolites. In traditional medicine, Piper species have been used worldwide to treat several diseases such as urological problems, skin, liver and stomach ailments, for wound healing, and as antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agents. In addition, Piper species could be used as natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents in food preservation. The phytochemicals and essential oils of Piper species have shown strong antioxidant activity, in comparison with synthetic antioxidants, and demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal activities against human pathogens. Moreover, Piper species possess therapeutic and preventive potential against several chronic disorders. Among the functional properties of Piper plants/extracts/active components the antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and neuropharmacological activities of the extracts and extract-derived bioactive constituents are thought to be key effects for the protection against chronic conditions, based on preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, besides clinical studies. Habitats and cultivation of Piper species are also covered in this review. In this current work, available literature of chemical constituents of the essential oils Piper plants, their use in traditional medicine, their applications as a food preservative, their antiparasitic activities and other important biological activities are reviewed.

"A literature review on “Triphala’s Rasayana Karmukata."

Ayurvedic physicians had formulated the triphala several thousand years back and millions of people used and benefited from this herbal preparation since then. Even today, most medial practitioners consider triphala to be the most effective as well as the safest laxative and colon cleanser found anywhere. Triphala is most popular Ayurvedic herbal formula from India that consists of equal part of three myrobalans, taken without seeds: Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Bibhitaki (Terminalia Belerica) and Haritaki (Terminalia Chebula), with potential anti-cancer properties and is also effective colon cleanser. In additional triphala also props up the body’s strength. Triphala is a Sanskrit term that literally denotes “three fruits”. The three herbal fruits of triphala endore internal cleansing, reduce conditions of stagnation and excess and perk up digestion and absorption of nutrients.
 Owing to its superior dietary value, triphala possesses the capability to cleanse as well as detoxify the deepest organic levels without causing any injury or harm to the body or draining its nutritional reverses. In fact, such unique properties of triphala make it one of the most prized herbal preparation worldwide. In India, there is popular adage saying ‘A child needs not to worry even he does not have mother as triphala will take care of his requirements’. This denotes that triphala takes care of the internal body organs, as mother looks after her child. Triphala is considered to be the foundation stone of Ayurvedic medicine and comprises equal proportions of Haritaki (basically stabilizes Vata, however, is tri-doshic), Bibhitaki (provides an equilibrium to kapha nad pitta) and Amalaki (provides poise to pitta nad kapha). 
 In ayurvedic medicine, Amalaki, biologically known as Emblica officinalis, is considered to be a supreme rejuvenator as well as physically potent natural antioxidant. This herbal fruit is also effective in enhancing the immune system and stabilizes the pitta. On the other hand, Haritaki, known as Terminalia Chebula, is regarded as the king of Tibetan medicine. Haritaki is standard tonic or natural stimulator for the heart, brain and longevity, Haritaki fruit is often portrayed in the extended palm of the Buddha and is known to stabilize vata. Bibhitaki, is potent bolster that is effective in lessening heart and liver ailments and also enhance the voice, eyesight, endorse hair growth as well as balance kapha.

The traditional medicine and phytoconstituents from natural products for liver disease: A review

To combat a variety of liver ailments medicinal plants may serve as a vital source because of presence of pharmacologically active phytoconstituents. It is very interesting to note that there is no drug available in the modem system of medicine for treating hepatic disorders; only certain herbal preparations are available to treat this quite vulnerable disease. A large number of plants with hepatoprotective activity are present but only handful of herbs have such scientific support. Herbal medicines have been used to alleviate liver disorders for many centuries and have currently become a favorable therapy for pathological liver disease.
 Keywords: Liver disease, Herb, Hepatoprotective activity

ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SWERTIA CHIRATA ON HYPOXIA-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN WISTAR RATS

Objective: Swertia chirata has been used in traditional and folklore medicine to treat several ailments such as hepatic disorders. However, the mechanistic and experimental justification to its traditional use is lacking. The present study was aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective potential of S. chirata during hypoxia (HYP)-induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats and to determine the underlying mechanism.Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract of S. chirata was prepared using Soxhlet extraction. Animals were divided into six groups (n=5). Animals in the HYP groups were subjected to HYP for 3 days (10% O2) to induce oxidative stress and hepatic damage. 50 and 100 mg/kg extract treatments were provided orally once daily for 7 days after which animals were sacrificed, and biochemical investigations for oxidative stress, liver function tests, and hepatic histopathology were performed.Results: HYP-induced marked oxidative stress as indicated by the significantly elevated mitochondrial ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and depleted catalase levels. Liver function test indicated hepatic damage as the levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and aspartate transaminase were significantly elevated in HYP animals. S. chirata treatment alleviated oxidative stress and improved liver functions in a dose-dependent manner. Liver histopathology confirmed the marked hepatic damage induced by HYP and revealed that S. chirata efficiently rescued liver from hypoxic damage.Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of S. chirata is a potent hepatoprotective intervention which was associated with its potential to alleviate oxidative stress and improve liver functions. Moreover, it could find clinical application as a safer and alternative remedy for liver ailments.

ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SWERTIA CHIRATA ON HYPOXIA-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN WISTAR RATS

Objective: Swertia chirata has been used in traditional and folklore medicine to treat several ailments such as hepatic disorders. However, the mechanistic and experimental justification to its traditional use is lacking. The present study was aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective potential of S. chirata during hypoxia (HYP)-induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats and to determine the underlying mechanism.Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract of S. chirata was prepared using Soxhlet extraction. Animals were divided into six groups (n=5). Animals in the HYP groups were subjected to HYP for 3 days (10% O2) to induce oxidative stress and hepatic damage. 50 and 100 mg/kg extract treatments were provided orally once daily for 7 days after which animals were sacrificed, and biochemical investigations for oxidative stress, liver function tests, and hepatic histopathology were performed.Results: HYP-induced marked oxidative stress as indicated by the significantly elevated mitochondrial ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and depleted catalase levels. Liver function test indicated hepatic damage as the levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and aspartate transaminase were significantly elevated in HYP animals. S. chirata treatment alleviated oxidative stress and improved liver functions in a dose-dependent manner. Liver histopathology confirmed the marked hepatic damage induced by HYP and revealed that S. chirata efficiently rescued liver from hypoxic damage.Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of S. chirata is a potent hepatoprotective intervention which was associated with its potential to alleviate oxidative stress and improve liver functions. Moreover, it could find clinical application as a safer and alternative remedy for liver ailments.

In vitro hepatoprotective activity of a polyherbal formulation on HepG2 cell line

Background: In Ayurveda, use of multiple herbs in a single formulation is popular and polyherbal Ayurvedic formulations are widely used as growth promoters, gastrointestinal and hepatic regulators, hepatic tonics and so on. Despite the widespread use, there is a lack of scientific evidence on their efficacy and safety. Aim: This study was undertaken to validate the efficacy by evaluating the hepatoprotective activity of one such polyherbal blend (LIVT) on HepG2 cell line. Materials and Methods: Four doses of test formulation (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 μg/ml) were tested on D-galactosamine induced HepG2 cell toxicity model. MTT assay was performed to determine the dose range for the hepatoprotective study. Results: The test formulation exhibited significant (P < 0.05) cytoprotective activity with a maximum protection of 37% at dose 62.5 μg/ml, and the activity was comparable with that of the standard, silymarin. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the polyherbal blend demonstrated a significant hepatoprotective activity and could be used as an active herbal alternative for the treatment of liver ailments.

Preclinical Hepatoprotective Effect of Herbalism Against Ethanol Induced Hepatotoxicity: A Review.

Liver ailments including alcoholic liver disease (ALD), still remain the main reason for morbidity & mortality worldwide. In fact, ALD is a multifactorial disease with complex pathophysiology which is linked to several types of liver damages including steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. This review emphasizes on 30 herbal medicinal plants with their extracts studied for protective effect against ALD and current scientific evidence of ALD cure by thirty Indian Materia Medica including Tilia Platyphyllos, Amomum subulatum, Carica papaya, Pogostemon patchouli, Commelina benghalensis, Bacopamonnieri, Pecan nut, Allium cepa, Beta Vulgaris, Adina cordifolia, Ocimum gratissimum, Vernonia amygdalina, Sida veronicaefolia, Chenopodium album, Korean red ginseng, Elephantopus scaber, Tecomella undulata, Prunus armeniaca, Sea tangle (Laminaria japonica), Emblica officinalis, Saccharum officinarum, Cocculus hirsutus, Cassia roxburghii, Zhi-Zi-Da- Huang, Phyllanthus amarus, Aegle marmelos, Agrimonia eupatoria, Flaveria trinervia, Curcuma longa and Garcinia indica. Reduction in oxidative stress, improvement in inflammation, reduction in degeneration of fat and necrosis are some of the mechanisms of action of these medicinal plants observed in alcohol induced in-vivo and in-vitro liver injury models. Accordingly, this review provides several evidences which show that these medicinal plants could be used for the treatment and prevention of ALD.