Live Bait Research Articles

Accidental captures of small mammals in insects trap: suggestions to avoid these incidents and use of trap and bait to capture small mammals

We present here accidental captures of small mammals in insects traps made of PET bottles using passion fruit juice as bait. Between October 2011 and July 2013, six small mammals (identified) were captures. These animals may have been attracted by the strong odor passion fruit, the fermenting juice with insect carcasses, or live baits, or perhaps may have attempted to use the PET bottle as a refuge. Even that these records were fortuitous we suggest as avoid these incidents and the use of passion fruit as bait in PET bottles as an inexpensive trap for research with small mammals.

Trade of live bait in Portugal and risks of introduction of non-indigenous species associated to importation

Different invertebrate groups are often exploited on sediment shores and mudflats, including polychaetes, sipunculids, bivalves and crustaceans. The commercial importance of polychaetes and sipunculids, that has increased in the early 2000's because of its use as a food source for the aquaculture sector and a growing demand of worms for use as sea angling bait, seems to be declining nowadays. In Portugal bait harvesting from natural populations became insufficient to meet market demands and as a result, polychaetes and sipunculids have been imported in recent years. Due to this it was important to know the ways of the live bait import to Portugal, and to assess the risk of introduction of non-indigenous species associated to that live bait trade. The origin and quantities of imported live bait were determined by examining the landing's records at Lisbon airport, from two periods: 2002–2003 and 2012–2015. Live worms imported to Portugal arrived almost exclusively from China, USA and Vietnam. Monthly import data and bait registers at fish auction landings were significantly correlated, showing that bait captures and imports are directly related to higher bait demand. In addition, the risk of live bait's importation as an introduction vector for non-indigenous species was evaluated by examining the bait boxes content. Five worm species were identified in bait boxes with foreign species: Glycera dibranchiata, Namalycastis rhodochorde, Perinereis cultrifera, Perinereis linea, and Sipunculus (Sipunculus) nudus. The examination of bait boxes in Portugal suggested that there is a low risk of associated hitchhiker species introduction and dissemination, mostly because of packaging procedures, which should be advised. The same is not true to the non-indigenous live bait species.

Effect of dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratios on growth, digestive enzyme and blood metabolites of juvenile Brazilian sardines,Sardinella brasiliensis(Steindachner, 1879)

The limited availability of live bait for capturing skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, is a bottleneck to increasing tuna production in many parts of the world. Therefore, a nutrition trial was performed to contribute to the production of the Brazilian sardine, Sardinella brasiliensis, for use as live bait. This study determined the best dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratio (CHO:L) for juvenile Brazilian sardines based on growth performance, feed utilisation, body composition, blood metabolites and digestive enzyme activity. Six isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated with increased CHO:L ratios (2.05, 3.41, 4.15, 5.11, 5.80 and 6.72). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 100 fish with mean initial body weight of 2.97 ± 0.51 g, which were fed four times a day to apparent satiation. Survival was not affected by differences in diet, however, a low CHO:L ratio stimulated growth. Juveniles fed with a rich-carbohydrate diet inhibit feed intake and protein intake. Body lipid increased as dietary lipid increased and was inversely correlated to body moisture. The diets did not affect the juvenile's blood metabolites. Alkaline and acid protease activities were not significantly different, but lipase and amylase responded positively to the dietary lipids and carbohydrates. Using segmented regression, the optimum CHO:L ratio for maximum weight gain of juvenile Brazilian sardines was estimated to be 3.41, which contain approximately 300 g kg−1 carbohydrate and 88 g kg−1 lipid.

Preferences for and perception of cultured marine baitfish by recreational saltwater anglers in Florida

ABSTRACTThere is strong interest in culturing live marine baitfish for anglers. However, there is scant information about saltwater anglers’ perception of cultured baitfish. Thus, a survey was developed and administered to assess recreational saltwater angler’s preferences for baitfish, their attitudes towards cultured baitfish, supply and demand, and specific information about pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) and pigfish (Orthopristis chrysoptera). An online survey invitation was e-mailed to 227,829 licensed marine recreational anglers in Florida. A total of 14,871 respondents completed some portion of the survey (6.5% response rate). Inshore destinations were the most common fishing trips taken. Live bait was caught by 57.8% of respondents, purchased by 32.1%, and 10.1% did not use live bait. Perceptions of aquaculture as a means of producing bait were 43.8% positive, 20.6% somewhat positive, and 31% unknown. Consistent availability and price were identified by anglers as the two most important characteristics for an aquaculture produced marine baitfish.

Entomopathogenic nematodes in agricultural areas in Brazil

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) can control pests due to the mutualistic association with bacteria that kill the host by septicemia and make the environment favorable for EPNs development and reproduction. The diversity of EPNs in Brazilian soils requires further study. The identification of EPNs, adapted to environmental and climatic conditions of cultivated areas is important for sustainable pest suppression in integrated management programs in agricultural areas of Brazil. The objective was to identify EPNs isolated from agricultural soils with annual, fruit and forest crops in Brazil. Soil samples were collected and stored in 250 ml glass vials. The nematodes were isolated from these samples with live bait traps ([Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae]. Infective juveniles were collected with White traps and identified by DNA barcoding procedures by sequencing the D2/D3 expansion of the 28S rDNA region by PCR. EPNs identified in agricultural areas in Brazil were Heterorhabditis amazonensis, Metarhabditis rainai, Oscheios tipulae and Steinernema rarum. These species should be considered pest biocontrol agents in Brazilian agricultural areas.

Effects of live and artificial feeds on the growth, digestion, immunity and intestinal microflora of mandarin fish hybrid (Siniperca chuatsi♀ × Siniperca scherzeri♂)

How to acclimate mandarin fish to eat artificial feeds has been always a challenge for researchers. The mandarin fish after hybridization (Siniperca chuatsi ♀ × Siniperca scherzeri ♂) could be fed artificial feeds which solved the problem to some extent. However, the growth performance, digestibility, immunity and intestinal microflora of mandarin fish hybrid fed artificial feeds need further study. One hundred and twenty fish of similar size (average weight, 19.5 ± 0.9 g) were randomly stocked into six 250-L aquariums and separately fed live baits (the control) or artificial feeds in triplicate for 70 days. The weight gain and special growth rate of fish fed artificial feeds were significantly lower than those of fish fed live baits (P < 0.05). The protease activities of stomach, liver and intestine in fish fed live baits were all significantly higher than those in fish fed artificial feeds. The activities of catalase and lysozyme, the content of glutathione in serum of fish fed live baits were all significantly higher than those in fish fed artificial feeds. However, the content of malondialdehyde in liver of fish fed artificial feeds was significantly higher than that in fish fed live baits. The dominant bacteria in both groups were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia. However, live baits greatly affected the amount of beneficial and harmful bacteria of intestine in mandarin fish hybrid and broke the balance of intestinal flora.

Toxicidade aguda da amônia em juvenis de sardinha-verdadeira Sardinella brasiliensis

A sardinha-verdadeira (Sardinella brasiliensis) é o principal recurso pesqueiro do Brasil, sustentando diretamente a indústria de enlatados, como matéria prima, e indiretamente a pesca dos tuní­­deos, pois juvenis são utilizados como isca-viva. A UFSC, através do Projeto Isca-Viva, vem desenvolvendo técnicas de produção de sardinha-verdadeira em cativeiro com vistas ao uso sustentável do recurso, entretanto não existem informações sobre a toxicidade dos compostos nitrogenados no cultivo desta espécie. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a toxicidade aguda de amônia (NH3-N) em juvenis de sardinha-verdadeira. Grupos de cinco peixes (1,04 ± 0,20 g) foram expostos a cinco concentrações de NH3-N (0,60 a 1,47 mg L-1) durante 96 h, mais um grupo controle em triplicata. Os testes foram conduzidos em um sistema semiestático com renovação diária total dos meios experimentais. Os resultados foram apresentados como dados de mortalidade, registrados nas diferentes concentrações testadas, utilizando o software Trimmed Spearman Karber Method. A concentração letal (LC50) após 96 h de exposição a NH3-N foi estimada em 0,74 (0,61-0,90) mg L-1. Os resultados indicam que juvenis de sardinha-verdadeira são relativamente sensí­­veis í­Â amônia em relação a outros peixes marinhos e que atenção especial deve ser dada a este composto em sistemas de cultivo.

Functional morphology of the male reproductive system in Callichirus major (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea): Evidence of oocytes in the gonad

AbstractCallichirus major inhabits the intertidal region of marine ecosystems and it is frequently used as live bait for fishing. This study aimed to describe the functional anatomy of the male reproductive system by microscopic techniques. The animals were collected along the Corujão beach, Piuma—ES, Brazil, and, in laboratory, the males were classified into two phases: immature (IM) and developed (DE) based on the macroscopic characteristics of the gonads. The gonad and vas deferens were dissected for histological routine and histochemical tests. Histologically, it was noted that in both phases, the more distal region of gonads has ovarian characteristics, showing developing oocytes. Also, different male germ cells were identified: spermatogonium (SPG), spermatocytes I and II (SPTCI, SPTCII), initial and final spermatid (IS, FS) and sperm (SPZ). Accessory cells with spherical or pyramidal nuclei were also present inside the testicular lobules. According to the vas deferens structure, three regions can be characterized: proximal (PVD), middle (MVD) and distal (DVD). In the lumen of the vas deferens, a spermatophoric matrix highly reactive for histochemical tests was observed. The presence of female germ cells in males suggests the occurrence of intersexuality or hermaphroditism in this species.

Cytogenetic and Molecular Data Support the Occurrence of Three Gymnotus Species (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) Used as Live Bait in Corumbá, Brazil: Implications for Conservation and Management of Professional Fishing.

In the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, electric fish (Gymnotus spp.) are the primary source of live bait, accounting for more than three-quarters of total sales. Based on chromosomal and molecular markers, the present study attempted to identify the Gymnotus species used as bait in the region of Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Three species were detected, based on their distinct karyotypes: G. paraguensis (2n = 54), G. sylvius (2n = 40), and G. pantanal (2n = 39-40, X1X2Y/X1X1X2X2), with no evidence being found of interspecific hybrids. All three species presented a single nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) (heterochromatin CMA3+/DAPI-) and pericentromeric heterochromatin in almost all chromosomes, with a few distal and/or interstitial blocks. G. sylvius and G. pantanal had one and two pairs of chromosomes with 5S rDNA sites, respectively, while G. paraguensis had 17 chromosome pairs with these markers. The three species formed well-defined clusters in the DNA barcoding analysis. The integrated analysis of the cytogenetic and DNA barcoding data confirmed that the diversity of Gymnotus species exploited as live bait in the study region has been underestimated. These findings indicate that the markers analyzed represent valuable tools for the conservation and fishery management of the Gymnotus stocks exploited.

Use of Lambari Deuterodon iguape as an alternative to live bait for estuarine sport fishing

Use of Lambari Deuterodon iguape as an alternative to live bait for estuarine sport fishing

Economic Analysis of the Hook and Line Fishery in Kombuthurai Coast, Tamil Nadu

The present investigation is about the economic analysis of the hook and line fishery along the coast of Kombuthurai, Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu. Inferences from the study indicated that that hook number 5, 6 and 7 were found ideal for commercial exploitation of Carangids, Grouper, Barracuda and Needlefish in angling by wielding fresh condition live bait. Using the artificial lure number 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 applied in trolling line, the most dominant catch was seer fish (80%) and least in sailfish (8%). Significantly the study reports that the highest gross revenue ₹42060/trip was made in trolling line than that of the handline of ₹26400/trip ascribed by targeted of high market value species. The trolling line crew share per person was twice over than the handline fishing (₹3821/trip). Instead of unorthodox eye estimation of fish weight, a novel approach of weight based fish sale (for low to high market value species) was observed in Kombuthurai fishing village and this practiced also espoused by a neighbor fishing village.

CURRENT STATUS OF THE POLE-AND-LINE FISHERY IN EASTERN PART OF INDONESIA

The promotion of pole-and-line fishery for a selective gear operating in the Indonesian tuna management area is considered as the proper policy in response to the increasing market demand with tuna eco-labeled. Appropriate information in addressing the current status of the pole-and-line fishery in Indonesia is an important step in order to support the promotion. Data used to describe the fishery were obtained through scientific port sampling program in collaboration between RCFMC and WCPFC in 2010 to 2014 and also scientific observer onboard program collaboration RCFMC and CRAC Co. Ltd. in 2013. The results show that presently the number of pole and line fleets was decreased significantly and remain about 232 fleetsin Sorong, Bitung and Kendari and Larantuka. The national annual total catch of pole-and line during 1980 – 2013 was recorded between 24,000 and 160,000 tons per year (average 98,117 tons per year). This value is estimated to contribute about 20% of Indonesia annual total catch of tuna in FMAs713-717. The pole-andline catch rates based at Bitung, Kendari and Sorong were fluctuated in each year with the range respective between 8.79 and 17.93 tons/trip/vessel, 4.78 and 5.36 ton/trip/vessel and about 7,99 ton ton/trip/vessel. Pole-and-line fishery operated in Indonesian FMAs 713-717 is considered as selective fishery, with &gt; 80 % catches of skipjack in matured stage. The tuna-live bait fish ratio in Indonesian pole-and-line was 4.41 :1, then an improvement of live bait ratio as well as its management is required.

Influence of hook type and live bait on the hooking performance of inline spinners in the context of catch-and-release brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis fishing in lakes

The objective of catch-and-release angling is for the fish to survive with minimal fitness consequences. However, fish survival can be compromised by a number of factors, especially anatomical hooking location. To evaluate whether hook type or bait influence hooking outcomes, we tested different combinations of hook (treble or single siwash hooks) and bait (hook tipped with worm or no worm) while angling for brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) with inline spinner-style fishing lures. The study was conducted at spring water temperatures (∼20°C) in small lakes stocked with trout in southwestern Quebec, Canada. Incidences of hooking in the interior of the mouth (i.e. internal hooking) were uncommon (19%), did not differ significantly between hook types or bait treatments, and occurred independently of fish size. Reflex impairments after hook removal were not related to hook or bait treatment. Short-term mortality was quantified with 24h holding in net pens and was determined to be infrequent for all treatment groups (treble/worm: 6%; treble/no worm: 5%; single/worm: 2%; single/no worm: 0%). Although no fish were hooked in the gills, esophagus, stomach, odds of mortality increased by 14.21 when fish were hooked internally, which is consistent with the position that hook placement is an important predictor of the fate of fish released by anglers. However, our finding that neither hook nor bait type significantly increased the odds of internal hooking, bleeding, reflex impairment, or mortality in this study suggests that restrictions imposed on the use of baited lures or certain hook types attached to lures when fishing may have little influence on short-term catch-and-release mortality of brook trout at these temperatures.

The role of anglers' perceptions and habits in biological invasions: perspectives from the Iberian Peninsula

Abstract Anglers are a recognized vector for invasive fauna, with both intentional and accidental introductions reported worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Iberian freshwater angler's habits and perceptions related to biological invasions, using an international and bilingual survey in Spain and Portugal. The results showed that anglers from both countries cover great distances to fish, and that they commonly visit several places and fish during consecutive days, representing a major risk for invasions. Yet, anglers' activity patterns throughout the year are not constant: the summer months involve more intense activity and, hence, entail higher risk. In both countries, the preferred fish species were invasive, and their introductions were reported more often than native species, with motivations being country‐dependent. The use of live bait was not frequent, but sometimes invasive species were used and the release of unused bait in the water was reported very frequently. Most anglers recognize that introductions have environmental impacts and that anglers have an active role in intentional introductions. However, only a minority is aware of the angler's role in accidental transportation of invasive species. These findings on anglers' behaviour patterns and perceptions may be used to model invasion risks and also improve monitoring and awareness programmes led by government agencies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Preventing Escape of Non-Native Species from Aquaculture Facilities in Florida, Part 1: General Considerations and Regulations

Aquaculture is an important and diverse segment of the agricultural economy in Florida. Ornamental, live bait, food finfish, and other segments of this industry culture and trade in non-native species. Escape or release of these non-native cultured organisms is an environmental and legal concern in Florida and therefore a key consideration in aquaculture farm construction and operation. This 7-page fact sheet is the first in a four-part series devoted to educating industry and other stakeholders on the importance of preventing the escape of non-native species from aquaculture facilities, as well as strategies for non-native species containment and regulatory compliance. It introduces the series, explains why non-native species containment is important, provides information on regulations, including the Florida Aquaculture Best Management Practices rule, describes the BMP inspection process, and provides advice on achieving compliance with these important regulations. Written by Quenton M. Tuckett, Carlos V. Martinez, Jared L. Ritch, Katelyn M. Lawson, and Jeffrey E. Hill, and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, August 2016. FA195/FA195: Preventing Escape of Non-Native Species from Aquaculture Facilities in Florida, Part 1: General Considerations and Regulations (ufl.edu)

Segmenting boaters based on level of transience: outreach and policy implications for the prevention of aquatic invasive species

Preventing the spread of aquatic invasive species (AIS) is a priority for many ecologists and natural resource managers. Because some boaters pose greater risk to spreading AIS, targeted outreach to them may be strategic. This study used data from a Wisconsin boater survey and examined whether boaters who differ in transience level, a proxy for risk, differed in terms of compliance with AIS prevention behaviors and other factors that could inform policy and targeted outreach. Segmenting based on transience yielded differences in terms of behavior, knowledge and communication habits. The results indicate that outreach may need to clarify behaviors related to live bait. Partnerships with lake associations and interpersonal communication may help improve compliance and clarify bait disposal behaviors, as it was found that highly transient boaters discuss AIS more with family and friends, and they hear more about AIS from lake associations. Differences in the three groups confirm their distinctness, suggesting that representatives from each category should be included in public management discussions when inclusivity is desired.

Can Cage-Trap Performance in Capturing Red Foxes Be Improved by Using Different Baits and Scent Attractants?

Cage-trapping is one of the control methods frequently used by hunters to remove red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Spain, although its low efficiency and selectivity have been frequently reported. We tested the effect of the combinations of two bait types (live/ dead) and two scent attractants (fox urine/valerian extract) in order to improve the efficiency and selectivity of cage traps in central Spain. The combination of live bait and fox urine increased the efficiency of cage traps to capture red foxes in comparison with live bait alone. None of the experimental treatments led to a significant reduction in the capture rate of non-target species, selectivity levels were always low (0%–21%) and non-target species were captured. In view of that, the burden of releasing captured non-target animals depends ultimately on the trapper. For this reason, the use of cage traps is still questionable for managing foxes in Spain.

Effect of different diets on growth of Hediste diversicolor (O. F. Müller, 1776) (Nereididae, Polychaeta) juveniles

Effect of different diets on growth of Hediste diversicolor (O. F. Müller, 1776) (Nereididae, Polychaeta) juveniles

Polychaete annelids as live bait in Portugal: harvesting activity in estuarine systems

Polychaete annelids as live bait in Portugal: harvesting activity in estuarine systems

Mating behaviour and evidence of a female sex pheromone in Rytidodera simulans white (coleoptera: cerambycidae)

The study on mating behaviour of Rhytidodera simulans White (coleoptera: cerambycidae) and presence of sex pheromone, if any, was conducted at several mango plantations at Kampong Sungai Serai, chuping, Perlis. the adults were obtained from laboratory rearing. the mating sequence of R. Simulans includes the male locating the female using the antenna, male dashing, collision and male contact with female using his antennae, male mounting and copulation. the mounting duration was 8.24 ± 0.52 min and the copulation duration was 13.24 ± 0.940 min. Delay in mounting was due to male intruders, fighting between males, male confusion for mate choice between two females. Monogamy and pair-bond existed between one copulating pair. A positive response was shown by male R. simulans in t-shaped olfactometer which was attracted to a live female bait and female chloroform extract. In dual choice bioassay, living adult female R. simulans did not show any significant preference towards all treatments. This is the first study which shows evidence of a male attracted to female R. simulans in laboratory bioassays.