Anode Material For Lithium-ion Batteries Research Articles

Robust silicon/carbon composite anode materials with high tap density and excellent cycling performance for lithium-ion batteries

Achieving high density while ensuring structural stability and low volume expansion during cycling remains challenging for Si-based anode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we introduce a novel approach to address this issue by developing high tap-density carbon-coated sub-nano-Si-embedded activated carbon (ACSC) anode materials. The resulting ACSC exhibits an ultra-high true density exceeding 0.99 g cm−3 and a Si content of 48 % (abbreviated as ACS0.48C), leading to an impressive volumetric capacity of 2182 mA h cm−3. Despite the high tap density and Si content of ACS0.48C, the ACS0.48C/artificial graphite (ACS0.48C/AG) mixture demonstrates a remarkable capacity retention rate of 97.9 % after 200 cycles at 0.5 C, with a modest volume expansion rate of 7.3 % after 50 cycles. The outstanding electrochemical performance can be attributed to the structural stability of ACS0.48C throughout cycling. The AC scaffold provides a robust mechanical framework to prevent volume expansion and agglomeration of sub-nano-sized Si particles. Furthermore, the homogeneous mixing of amorphous Si and carbon at the atomic level ensures isotropic expansion, thereby enhancing structural stability. The unique structure of ACS0.48C, combining high tap density and superior cycling performance, offers a solution to the low tap density issue in nanostructures and introduces innovative concepts for the morphology and structural design of Si/C secondary particles.

Polyaniline-coated flower-like iron oxide served as anode material for superior-performance lithium-ion batteries

Transition metal oxides applied in anode for lithium-ion batteries are susceptible to particle aggregation during the cycling test, resulting in a low capacity retention during cycling process. In this study, Fe2O3/polyaniline microflowers were prepared via a simple liquid-phase oxidation and calcination process followed by polyaniline coating. Several characterization techniques demonstrated their morphology and chemical composition. When applied in anode for lithium-ion batteries, Fe2O3/polyaniline microflowers exhibit an ultrahigh specific capacity of 1847.1 mAh g−1 over 100 cycles at 0.1 A/g. A high specific capacity of 619.8 mAh g−1 was achieved after 300 cycles at 1.0 A/g. The high performance is mainly due to the polyaniline coating and flower-like microstructures, which can mitigate the volume change, improve the electrical conductivity and cycling stability, and contribute to the rapid Li+ diffusion. This work provides a new route for synthesizing advanced-performance Fe2O3-based anode material.

Insight into graphene/boron arsenide heterostructure used for high-performance lithium-ion battery anode materials: The first principles study

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures demonstrate potential applications in Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) characterized by their elevated energy storage capacity and extended operational longevity as anode materials. The structures and electronic properties of graphene/boron arsenide (Gr/BAs) heterostructures, along with the adsorption and migration of lithium (Li) atoms within the structures, are methodically analyzed through first-principles studies underpinned by density functional theory. Our calculations indicate the metallic Gr/BAs heterostructures have the structural stability, where their mechanical strength is confirmed from the elastic constant. Its diffusion barrier of Li atoms (0.25 eV) is superior among similar anode materials. The Li atoms' diffusion coefficient within the Gr/BAs heterostructure at 300 K (1.27 × 10−10 m2/s) exceeds that observed in Gr (2.0×10−11 m2/s). Besides, the presence of Gr assists in maintaining the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of Gr/BAs heterostructures in the range of 0-1 V. The theoretical specific capacity of proposed heterostructure reaches 920 mAh/g. The present calculations suggest that the Gr/BAs heterostructure could serve effectively as an anode in LIBs due to its excellent electrical conductivity, small diffusion barriers and appropriate open-circuit voltage.

A novel embedded KVO3/NC anode for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Vanadium-based metallic salts, characterized by their intrinsic low electronic conductivity, are impeding their advancement as anode materials in the realm of lithium-ion battery technology. This study presents a novel embedded anode material KVO3/NC (KVO/NC) synthesized via a sol–gel method, with KVO3 (KVO) particles in situ growing on N-doped carbon, thereby ameliorating conductivity and electrochemical performance. The findings reveal that KVO/NC composite has three lithium-ion storage sites, ultra-high cycling stability (289 mA h/g@5000 cycles@10 C@100 %), and superior rate performance (249 mA h/g@15 C; 221 mA h/g@20 C). Coupled with LiFePO4 cathode, it achieves a competitive energy density (391 W h kg−1@0.1 C; 1–3.9 V). This work reveals the practical potential of KVO/NC as a new type of lithium-ion battery anode material with high energy density and long cycle life through a series of ex situ/in situ characterizations.

Research Trends of Transition Metal Carbonate for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Transition Metal Carbonates (TMCs) have emerged as promising candidates for advancing the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), driven by the increasing demand for high energy and power density in applications such as electric vehicles. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of TMCs as anode materials for LIBs, focusing on their unique electrochemical properties and mechanisms. TMCs offer advantages such as eco-friendliness, low cost, and high capacity compared to traditional graphite anodes. Their electrochemical stability, achieved through redox reactions of transition metals, enables capacities exceeding theoretical limits. However, challenges including volumetric expansion and low electrical conductivity during cycling hinder their rate performance and cycling stability. This paper discusses ongoing research efforts to address these challenges, including strategies to mitigate volumetric expansion and enhance electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the lithiophilic nature of TMCs’ transition metals is explored for its role in stabilizing lithium metal surfaces and interfaces within lithium metal batteries, contributing to improved battery performance and safety. Moreover, integrating carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies into TMC synthesis offers environmentally friendly synthesis methods, aligning with sustainability goals and reducing the carbon footprint of battery manufacturing processes. Overall, this review highlights the potential of TMCs as anode materials for high-performance LIBs, while also addressing challenges and opportunities for further research and development in this promising field.

Bio-Based Aerogels in Energy Storage Systems.

Bio-aerogels have emerged as promising materials for energy storage, providing a sustainable alternative to conventional aerogels. This review addresses their syntheses, properties, and characterization challenges for use in energy storage devices such as rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. Derived from renewable sources (such as cellulose, lignin, and chitosan), bio-based aerogels exhibit mesoporosity, high specific surface area, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, making them advantageous for environmental sustainability. Bio-based aerogels serve as electrodes and separators in energy storage systems, offering desirable properties such as high specific surface area, porosity, and good electrical conductivity, enhancing the energy density, power density, and cycle life of devices. Recent advancements highlight their potential as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, replacing non-renewable carbon materials. Studies have shown excellent cycling stability and rate performance for bio-aerogels in supercapacitors and fuel cells. The yield properties of these materials, primarily porosity and transport phenomena, demand advanced characterization methods, and their synthesis and processing methods significantly influence their production, e.g., sol-gel and advanced drying. Bio-aerogels represent a sustainable solution for advancing energy storage technologies, despite challenges such as scalability, standardization, and cost-effectiveness. Future research aims to improve synthesis methods and explore novel applications. Bio-aerogels, in general, provide a healthier path to technological progress.

Silver-Assisted Chemical Etching for the Fabrication of Porous Silicon N-Doped Nanohollow Carbon Spheres Composite Anodes to Enhance Electrochemical Performance.

Silicon (Si) shows great potential as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, it experiences significant expansion in volume as it undergoes the charging and discharging cycles, presenting challenges for practical implementation. Nanostructured Si has emerged as a viable solution to address these challenges. However, it requires a complex preparation process and high costs. In order to explore the above problems, this study devised an innovative approach to create Si/C composite anodes: micron-porous silicon (p-Si) was synthesized at low cost at a lower silver ion concentration, and then porous silicon-coated carbon (p-Si@C) composites were prepared by compositing nanohollow carbon spheres with porous silicon, which had good electrochemical properties. The initial coulombic efficiency of the composite was 76.51%. After undergoing 250 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A·g-1, the composites exhibited a capacity of 1008.84 mAh·g-1. Even when subjected to a current density of 1 A·g-1, the composites sustained a discharge capacity of 485.93 mAh·g-1 even after completing 1000 cycles. The employment of micron-structured p-Si improves cycling stability, which is primarily due to the porous space it provides. This porous structure helps alleviate the mechanical stress caused by volume expansion and prevents Si particles from detaching from the electrodes. The increased surface area facilitates a longer pathway for lithium-ion transport, thereby encouraging a more even distribution of lithium ions and mitigating the localized expansion of Si particles during cycling. Additionally, when Si particles expand, the hollow carbon nanospheres are capable of absorbing the resulting stress, thus preventing the electrode from cracking. The as-prepared p-Si utilizing metal-assisted chemical etching holds promising prospects as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries.

Water-soluble biowaste gum binders for natural graphite anode for lithium-ion batteries

Anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are crucial, as lithium insertion takes place in the anode during the charging process. Also, it is rational to replace the conventional polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) with a water-soluble binder because the former employs N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, which is environmentally harmful. To address the problem, we fabricated natural graphite (NG)-based anodes with water-soluble biowaste (W-SB) binders from the gum of the tree Cochlospermum gossypium and PVdF. Both of the electrodes were fabricated using 10 wt% of binder and were evaluated for their electrochemical performance. The NG-W-SB electrode showed good mechanical properties and maintained structural integrity after cycling, this promoted low charge transfer resistance on the electrode. NG-W-SB-based electrode showed high current peaks in the 1st cycle being an indication of enhanced electrochemical performance, unlike the NG-PVdF electrode which showed slightly low peaks. NG-W-SB maintained a higher stable capacity retention up to 360 cycles, whereas NG-PVdF had a capacity degradation after 200 cycles indicating a low capacity retention until the end of the cycle. Generally, W-SB binders showed highly enhanced cycling retention characteristics, comparable rate capabilities, and lower electrode resistance, which opened a new avenue for adopting biowaste (gum) as a functional water-soluble binder for LIBs applications.

Intercalating Organic Hybrid Cadmium Antimony Sulfide Nanoparticles into Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Electrochemical Lithium Storage.

Inorganic metal sulfides have received extensive investigation as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, applications of crystalline organic hybrid metal sulfides as anode materials in LIBs are quite rare. In addition, combining the nanoparticles of crystalline organic hybrid metal sulfides with conductive materials is expected to enhance the electrochemical lithium storage performance. Nevertheless, due to the difficulty of harvesting the nanoparticles of crystalline organic hybrid metal sulfides, this approach has never been tried to date. Herein, nanoparticles of a crystalline organic hybrid cadmium antimony sulfide (1,4-DABH2)Cd2Sb2S6 (DCAS) were prepared by a top-down method, including the procedures of solvothermal synthesis, ball milling, and ultrasonic pulverization. Thereafter, the nanoparticles of DCAS with sizes of ∼500 nm were intercalated into graphene oxide nanosheets through a freeze-drying treatment and a DCAS@GO composite was obtained. Compared with the reported Sb2S3- and CdS-based composites, the DCAS@GO composite exhibited superior electrochemical Li+ ion storage performance, including a high capacity of 1075.6 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 and exceptional rate tolerances (646.8 mAh g-1 at 5000 mA g-1). In addition, DCAS@GO can provide a high capacity of 705.6 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at 1000 mA g-1. Our research offers a viable approach for preparing the nanoparticles of crystalline organic hybrid metal sulfides and proves that intercalating organic hybrid metal sulfide nanoparticles into GO nanosheets can efficiently boost the electrochemical Li+ ion storage performance.

Purification of Spherical Graphite as Anode for Li-Ion Battery: A Comparative Study on the Purifying Approaches.

Graphite is a versatile material used in various fields, particularly in the power source manufacturing industry. Nowadays, graphite holds a unique position in materials for anode electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. With a carbon content of over 99% being a requirement for graphite to serve as an electrode material, the graphite refinement process plays a pivotal role in the research and development of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. This study used three different processes to purify spherical graphite through wet chemical methods. The spherical graphite after the purification processes was analysed for carbon content by using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and was evaluated for structural and morphological characteristics through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses. The analyses results indicate that the three-step process via H2SO4-NaOH-HCl cleaning can elevate the carbon content from 90% to above 99.9% while still maintaining the graphite structure and spherical morphology, thus enhancing the surface area of the material for anode application. Furthermore, the spherical graphite was studied for electrochemical properties when used as an anode for Li-ion batteries using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) measurements. The results demonstrated that the purification process significantly improves the material's capacity with a specific capacity of 350 mAh/g compared to the 280 mAh/g capacity of the anode made of spherical graphite without purification.

ZnMn2O4/V2CTx Composites Prepared as an Anode Material via High-Temperature Calcination Method for Optimized Li-Ion Batteries.

The ZnMn2O4/V2CTx composites with a lamellar rod-like bond structure were successfully synthesized through high-temperature calcination at 300 °C, aiming to enhance the Li storage properties of spinel-type ZnMn2O4 anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, even though the electrode of the composites obtained at 300 °C had a nominal specific capacity of 100 mAh g-1, it exhibited an impressive specific discharge capacity of 163 mAh g-1 after undergoing 100 cycles. This represents an approximate increase of 64% compared to that observed in the pure ZnMn2O4 electrode (99.5 mAh g-1). The remarkable performance of the composite can be credited to the collaborative impact between ZnMn2O4 and V2CTx, leading to a substantial improvement in its lithium ion storage capacity. Therefore, this study offers valuable insights into developing cost-effective, safe, and easily prepared anode materials.

A facile electrospinning strategy to prepare cost-effective carbon fibers as a self-supporting anode for lithium-ion batteries

Carbon materials with fibrous morphology and enhanced mechanical properties have shown to be promising materials as self-supporting anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this study, coal-based carbon fibers (CFs) with favorable flexibility and superior tensile strength were prepared from lignite and coal derivatives such as coal-based humic acid and coal tar pitch via electrospinning in the assistance of polyacrylonitrile. All these coal-based CFs have an 1D dense fibrous microstructure with controllable diameter and appreciable specific surface area with enriched in O/N-containing groups by rationally choosing the precursor type. The organic macromolecules enriched aromatic ring in lignite and coal derivatives cross-link with linear polyacrylonitrile molecular chains to form a more solid three-dimensional (3D) network framework under the conditions of electrospinning and carbonization. Such 3D microstructure not only can significantly improve the flexibility and tensile strength of coal-based CFs, but also can increase the content of graphite-like microcrystalline carbon (sp2 carbon) in carbon fibers, thereby improving the electrical conductivity. Due to the smaller molecular structure, coal tar pitch can be more easily combined with polyacrylonitrile by electrostatic force. The CFs derived from coal tar pitch (CTP-CFs) exhibited the largest average diameter (156.2 nm), a higher microporous surface area (2.6 m2·g−1), higher pyrrole nitrogen and contained reasonable proportions of amorphous carbon (sp3 carbon) and sp2 carbon. As a consequence, among the various derived coal-based CFs applied as self-supporting anode materials for LIBs, CTP-CFs showed the highest first reversible capacity (770.8 mAh·g−1 at 20 mA·g−1) and excellent cycling performance with capacity retention rate of 89.1 % after 200 cycles. This work paves a new strategy to prepare CFs as flexible self-supporting anodes for LIBs from low-cost carbon precursors that can be rationally chosen to further tune the property of the CFs.

Construction of High-Performance Anode of Potassium-Ion Batteries by Stripping Covalent Triazine Frameworks with Molten Salt.

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are promising battery electrodes owing to their designable functional groups, tunable pore sizes, and exceptional stability. However, their practical use is limited because of the difficulty in establishing stable ion adsorption/desorption sites. In this study, a melt-salt-stripping process utilizing molten trichloro iron (FeCl3) is used to delaminate the layer-stacked structure of fluorinated covalent triazine framework (FCTF) and generate iron-based ion storage active sites. This process increases the interlayer spacing and uniformly deposits iron-containing materials, enhancing electron and ion transport. The resultant melt-FeCl3-stripped FCTF (Fe@FCTF) shows excellent performance as a potassium ion battery with a high capacity of 447 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and 257 mAh g-1 at 1.6 A g-1 and good cycling stability. Notably, molten-salt stripping is also effective in improving the CTF's Na+ and Li+ storage properties. A stepwise reaction mechanism of K/Na/Li chelation with C═N functional groups is proposed and verified by in situ X-ray diffraction testing (XRD), ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and theoretical calculations, illustrating that pyrazines and iron coordination groups play the main roles in reacting with K+/Na+/Li+ cations. These results conclude that the Fe@FCTF is a suitable anode material for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).

Recent advances in Sb-based anodes for Li/Na/K-ion batteries and all-solid-state Li-ion batteries

In recent decades, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as a primary focus in the energy-storage field owing to their superior energy and power densities. However, concerns regarding the depletion of non-abundant lithium resources have prompted the exploration and development of emerging energy-storage technologies, such as sodium- (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). In addition, all-solid-state LIBs (ASSLIBs) have been developed to address the issues of flammability and explosiveness associated with liquid electrolytes. Among the various alloy-based anodes, antimony (Sb) anodes exhibit high energy densities owing to their high theoretical volumetric capacities that are attributable to their high densities. However, Sb anodes exhibit poor cyclabilities owing to excessive volume changes during cycling. To mitigate this issue, researchers have investigated the use of diverse solutions, including solid electrolyte interface control, structural control, and composite/alloy formation. Herein, we review and summarize Sb-based anode materials for LIBs, SIBs, PIBs, and ASSLIBs developed over the past five years (2018-present), focusing on their reaction mechanisms and multiple approaches used to achieve optimal electrochemical performance. We anticipate that this review will provide a comprehensive database of Sb-based anodes for LIBs, SIBs, PIBs, and ASSLIBs, thereby advancing relevant studies in the energy-storage-systems field.

ZIF-8-derived ultrasmall ZnO nanoparticles embedded in porous carbon nanocage as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

ZIF-8-derived ultrasmall ZnO nanoparticles embedded in porous carbon nanocage as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Thermal plasma synthesis of Si-multi walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite as an anode for lithium-ion batteries

The Si-MWCNT (multi-walled carbon nanotube) nanocomposite, which is considered a promising replacement for graphite as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, was prepared using a triple DC thermal plasma jet system. We used micron-size silicon powder and MWCNT powder as raw materials. We varied the main parameters by mixing silicon and MWCNTs or individually injected into the plasma jet and adjusting the mass ratio to 2:1 and 1:2. The location of injection for the raw materials played a critical role in the formation of Si-MWCNT nanocomposites as the temperature at the injection site has a significant impact on the vaporization of silicon and sublimation of carbon nanotubes. Additionally, it was influenced by efficient heat transfer of silicon and the structural change of MWCNT. As a result, the Si-MWCNT nanocomposite was easily produced under separate injection conditions, and silicon nanoparticles of 20 nm or less were attached to the surface of the MWCNT. We evaluated the electrochemical performance of the synthesized material by assembling a CR2032-type coin cell using it as an anode electrode material.

Preparation of SiO2 nanotubes and nanoparticles in the presence of L-tartaric acid by sol-gel method and their electrochemical performance for Li-ion batteries

Recently, SiO2 has attracted increasing attention as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its low cost and high theoretical specific capacity. However, its inherent poor conductivity limits its practical application. To address this issue, nanostructured material design is considered an effective solution. Herein, based on the traditional ammonium tartrate template-directed sol-gel method, we use low-cost and easily available L-tartaric acid in place of D, L-tartaric acid to prepare high-yield silica nanotubes (SNTs) with a thin wall (ca. 50 nm), small diameter (ca. 150 nm), rough surface and open ends, as well as tiny spongy-like silica nanoparticles (SNPs) by adjusting the feeding amount and feeding mode of NH4OH solution. The electrochemical characterization results suggest that the SNTs show better cyclability and rate performance than the SNPs, which maintain a reversible capacity of 741.3 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.4 A g−1 and deliver a high rate capacity of 819.4 mAh g−1 at a high current rate of 2 A g−1. The excellent electrochemical performance suggests that hollow one-dimensional hollow nanotubes are more efficient in improving the electrochemical performance of SiO2 than zero-dimensional nanoparticles, and SNTs with thin tube walls and rough surfaces are demonstrated to be fascinating and promising anode materials for LIBs.

The first-principles study of 2D monolayer T-Mo2C as promising anode material for Lithium-ion Batteries

The growing demand for renewable energy technologies emphasizes the necessity for advancements in anode materials to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this research, we employ first-principles calculations to investigate the properties of a T-Mo2C monolayer proposed as an anode material. Phonon dispersion calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations are conducted to assess the dynamical stability and thermal characteristics of the T-Mo2C monolayer as an anode material. Remarkably low diffusion barriers of 0.029 eV (Li) and 0.01 eV (Na and K) have been identified, facilitating rapid ion mobility. Furthermore, a monolayer of metal ions (M = Li, Na, K) absorbed onto T-Mo2C is explored, revealing a high specific capacity of approximately 1314.37 mAh/g (Li), 262.87 mAh/g (Na), and 32.85 mAh/g (K). The average open circuit voltage is determined to be 0.08 V (Li), 0.68 V (Na), and 2.59 V (K). This research provides a comprehensive overview of T-Mo2C monolayer as a high-capacity anode material, emphasizing its significant contributions to advancing energy storage systems, particularly in the context of LIBs. The findings presented here pave the way for the development of efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions to meet the escalating demands of the renewable energy landscape.

Synthesizing Si/SiOC composites through different sol-gel reaction routes for lithium-ion battery anode materials

Silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) exhibits good retention and a reasonable specific capacity and is an alternative to silicon used as an anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. However, SiOC generally shows a low Initial Coulombic Efficiency (ICE), wasting the lithium from the cathode. This work explores different sol-gel routes to synthesize SiOC from silanes and compares their performance. We found that the crushed bulk acid-catalyzed SiOC is simple and cost-effective but with excellent performance. Adding dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMS) by decreasing the oxygen content further enhances the battery performance. Building upon the excellent performance of SiOC, we further embed nano-silicon into SiOC. The Si/SiOC composites achieved a significantly higher specific capacity of 2185 mAhg−1 and an impressive ICE of 77 % with acceptable battery retention.

Encapsulating Antimony metal nanoparticles in hierarchical porous carbon skeleton as high-performance potassium- and lithium-ion batteries anodes

Metallic antimony (Sb) as alkaline metal battery anode material, being thoroughly researched for its high theoretical specific capacity, but there is still a huge expansion problem with repeated insertion/de-insertion., We reported a unique composite material that encapsulates Sb nanoparticles in hierarchical porous carbon skeletons (Sb@HPCs) in this work, to explore the effect of the hierarchical porous carbon structure on the electrochemical performance of the Sb@HPCs as potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) anode materials. The macropores could promote the penetration of electrolyte, thus reducing the internal impedance of the battery. The mesopores provide a short ion diffusion path and a large diffusion region, which plays a crucial role in facilitating rapid ionic migration in both KIBs and LIBs. The micropores in the electrode material contribute to a larger specific surface area, which provides more surface area for charge storage, thus enhancing the energy density of the material. Importantly, when the Sb@HPCs composite material is applied as anode material of KIBs, it exhibits an outstanding specific capacity of 360 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1. In the LIBs, the specific capacity of the composite material is 595.2mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g−1; even at a high current density of 1.0 A g−1, the specific capacity still maintains at 320.4 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles, indicating an excellent cycling stability. The development of hierarchical porous three-dimensional structure offers a practical solution to the capacity degradation issues of metal anode in KIBs/LIBs.