Integrative Literature Review Research Articles

Characteristics of Successful Leadership: Perspectives From Asian Nursing Leaders.

The development of nursing leaders is an important topic in changing healthcare environments. Successful nursing leadership is critical to the reconstruction, implementation, and evaluation of healthcare systems worldwide. However, the characteristics of successful nursing leadership remain unclear, especially in a global context. Furthermore, despite the growing importance of cultural intelligence, cross-cultural concepts of successful nursing leadership have been inadequately addressed in the literature. This study was designed to identify the characteristics of successful leadership in nursing from the perspective of Asian leaders in four countries (United States, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan) and to make recommendations for successful leadership in nursing in the future. A qualitative approach employing five strategies, including in-depth discussions through face-to-face and email discussions, an integrated literature review using multiple databases, responses to 10 topics related to nursing leadership, and written note summaries of the characteristics of successful leadership, was used in this study. A total of 10 nursing leaders from four countries were recruited as participants using snowball sampling. The collected qualitative data were analyzed using line-by-line coding and simple content analysis to extract the characteristics of successful leadership in nursing. The final sample included seven nursing leaders aged between 55 and 70 years. All of the participants were in nursing leadership positions at schools/colleges of nursing or professional organizations for at least two decades and had extensive leadership experience through their schools/colleges, professional organizations, and/or governments. Five key themes related to the characteristics of successful leadership were identified from the participants: (a) culturally and historically prescribed, (b) overcoming gendered experience, (c) equipped with good character, (d) guiding with a vision, and (e) with contextualized leadership. Five characteristics of successful leadership were identified from the perspective of Asian nursing leaders. All of the participants recommended that successful nursing leadership be based on contextual leadership and that successful nursing leadership help meet rapidly changing needs, enable mutual trust, and actively commit and complete necessary risks. Moreover, future successful leadership should have a clear vision and strongly guide the implementation of changes as well as be equipped with cultural intelligence. Finally, successful nursing leadership should be based on ethical, trustable, and humane behaviors while promptly and adequately responding to the changing needs of their institutions/organizations. Cross-regional research on successful nursing leadership is essential to enrich the global evidence and knowledge on developing the next generation of nursing leaders.

POLIPOSE ADENOMATOSA FAMILIAR: UMA ABORDAGEM ABRANGENTE SOBRE A MANIFESTAÇÃO CLÍNICA, RASTREAMENTO, ABORDAGEM CIRÚRGICA E QUIMIOPREVENÇÃO

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease caused by pathogenic variants in the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) gene. The clinical picture manifests with 100 or more adenomatous colorectal polyps and is 100% associated with the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients with this pathology also have an increased risk of extra-colonic manifestations, such as desmoid tumors, osteomas, duodenal adenomas, including gastric cancer, and thyroid cancer. The treatment to prevent RCC is prophylactic colectomy, which has many complications and interferes with the patient's quality of life. This disease can take two forms: the classic form and the attenuated form. The classic form is represented by the presence of hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps in the colon and rectum, which appear in adolescence at small sizes and progressively increase in size. On the other hand, the attenuated form of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) manifests itself with few adenomas in the colon, starting later in life and presenting an 80% risk of malignant transformation, as well as an increased risk of extra-colonic manifestations. For this reason, the aim of this work is to discuss FAP so that it is possible to disseminate its knowledge and conduct according to the latest literature. For this reason, the aim of this work is to discuss FAP so that it is possible to disseminate its knowledge and conduct in accordance with the latest literature. An integrative literature review was therefore carried out, using a quantitative, qualitative and descriptive approach and searching the PubMed, Scielo and BVSdatabases with the descriptors: “familial adenomatous polyposis”, “Chemoprevention”, “treatment”. As a result, she was able to understand the basic concept of the disease and how it should be treated and managed on a daily basis.

USO DA ESPIRONOLACTONA NO TRATAMENTO DA ACNES DA MULHER ADULTA (AMA) OCASIONADA PELA SÍNDROME DO OVÁRIO POLICÍSTICO – SOP

This work aims to analyze the use of spironolactone in the treatment of acne in adult women (AMA), particularly when associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). AMA is characterized by the late onset of acne in women over 25 years of age, generally linked to hormonal imbalances caused by hyperandrogenism. PCOS, a common endocrine disorder, increases the levels of androgens, such as testosterone, favoring increased skin oiliness and, consequently, the appearance of acne. Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, is effective in treating AMA due to its action of antagonizing androgen receptors and inhibiting the 5-alpha-reductase enzyme, reducing sebum production and inflammation associated with acne. For the study, an integrative literature review was carried out, examining articles published between 2008 and 2024, in addition to data from health bodies and monographs on the medicine. The results highlight spironolactone as an efficient therapeutic option for adult women with PCOS, providing relief from symptoms such as excessive oiliness, hyperkeratinization and the appearance of new acne lesions. Although the treatment may have adverse effects, such as hyperkalemia and menstrual irregularities, adequate medical monitoring and the choice of adjusted doses ensure the safety and effectiveness of the therapy.

Airway Management in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries in the Emergency Unit: Integratva Review

Objective: The present study aims to analyze the best practices, risk factors, and challenges involved in airway management in patients with severe TBI, both in the prehospital and hospital settings, in order to identify interventions that optimize clinical outcomes. Method: An integrative literature review was conducted based on studies published between 2019 and 2024. The research was structured by the PICo (Population, Interest and Context) strategy, focusing on patients with severe TBI, airway management and ventilation. After screening 325 articles, 10 studies were selected for critical analysis, following the PRISMA guidelines. Results and Discussion: It was observed that early intubation, although crucial, presents significant variations in effectiveness depending on the training and experience of the team. Complications such as excessive hyperventilation, aspiration, and difficulties in airway management in patients with cervical spine injuries were recurrent in the studies. The implementation of standardized protocols and the use of advanced devices, such as videolaryngoscopy, have been identified as essential measures to reduce complications and improve outcomes. The need for a trained multidisciplinary team and the use of evidence-based guidelines was also highlighted as critical to treatment success. Conclusion: Airway management in patients with severe TBI is complex and requires a careful and well-trained approach. The review emphasizes the importance of well-defined protocols and continuous training of emergency responders to optimize survival and neurological outcomes for these patients.

An integrative literature review: design and stages of peace group counselling as peace counselor/educator strategies for fostering a peace mindset

Counsellors as peace educators are to foster a peaceful mindset to students. However, not every peace counsellor shares peaceful thinking with clients or students with problems as a gap. Peace group leaders can integrate counselling as a science with religion through the design and stages of peace group counselling (PGC). This research aims to design and organize PGC stages to facilitate peaceful thinking patterns in peace counsellors/educators (PC/E) to foster peaceful thinking patterns. Integrative literature review as a research model by collecting data through documentation with relevant books and journals, then analyzing it descriptively and qualitatively. The research findings found that the PC/E's duties as imams (group leaders) and kaffah individuals have therapeutic abilities. PC/E combines peaceful thinking with help from God. The PGC process has three stages: initial, work, and the final. The work stages combine the sub-stages of peace counselling, starting from rational, exploring the root causes of peaceful thoughts, self-reflection, seeking, and searching for peaceful thought patterns, looking for different forms and behaviors of peaceful thought patterns towards God's teachings as a novelty, and ending with evaluation and follow-up. PC/E implements the PGC design and stages so that individuals can cultivate a peaceful mindset through training and experimental research.

An Integrative Review of the Effectiveness of Duloxetine Use in Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy

Purpose: The objective of this Integrative Review of Literature (IRL) was to assess the efficacy of duloxetine in the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) among cancer patients. Peripheral neuropathy associated with chemotherapy manifests as symptoms such as tingling, burning, numbness, weakness, or pain in the hands and feet. The detrimental and, in some cases, debilitating impact of CIPN on individuals undergoing cancer treatment underscores the significance of investigating the effectiveness of duloxetine as part of the treatment plan for this condition. Procedure: A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify peer-reviewed journal articles on the effectiveness and safety of the use of duloxetine for the treatment of CIPN. The search was conducted using two electronic databases: CINHAL and PubMed. Additional supplemental sources, including the American Cancer Society, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Google Scholar, and Medline, were used to compile additional information for review. Results: The strengths and weaknesses of each article were reviewed utilizing the Johns Hopkins Research Appraisal tool. A data synthesis review exhibited good to high-quality articles with a range of evidence, including Level I, Level II, and Level III. Research yielded positive outcomes in reducing pain, increasing quality of life, and reducing the severity of symptoms for both physical and mental health with Duloxetine treatment. Results showed effectiveness and tolerability in the treatment of CIPN. Adding Duloxetine to the CIPN treatment plan positively impacted pain management and enhanced quality of life (QoL). Conclusion: Studies revealed that Duloxetine, as a pharmacologic intervention, resulted in a reduction in pain and an improvement in the quality of life (QoL) for patients experiencing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Duloxetine demonstrated enhanced effectiveness, safety, and tolerability in its outcomes. Notably, the American Society of Clinical Oncology has designated Duloxetine as the standard of care for CIPN. Given its status as the standard of care, there is a higher likelihood of favorable considerations for Duloxetine by insurance companies.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a medical condition that affects many women at different stages of their reproductive life and has been recognized as a significant public health concern. In recent years, the understanding of the causes and treatment options for this condition has evolved, reflecting the need for a comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approach. This condition is often related to hormonal imbalances, structural abnormalities, infections, and other gynecological diseases. Objective: To describe the importance of the diagnosis and therapeutic management of abnormal uterine bleeding, highlighting current clinical practices. Method: This is an integrative literature review, with the research question: what is the importance of the diagnosis and therapeutic management of abnormal uterine bleeding? The descriptors used were: “diagnosis,” “uterine bleeding,” and “therapeutics.” Searches were conducted in scientific platforms, resulting in the selection of 12 relevant articles published between 2019 and 2024. Results: The diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding is primarily based on specific clinical criteria, including a detailed menstrual history and physical examination. To confirm the condition, additional tests such as ultrasound and, in some cases, hysteroscopy are necessary, as well as excluding other potential causes like infections. The treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding varies depending on the identified cause and may include non-invasive options, such as hormonal medications, as well as surgical interventions for more severe cases. Conclusion: The management of abnormal uterine bleeding involves an individualized approach, starting with the identification of the underlying cause. Treatment may include the use of hormonal contraceptives and, when necessary, surgical interventions. Educating patients about their conditions and treatment options is essential for adherence to management and improving quality of life. Continuous follow-up and adaptation of treatment strategies are crucial to ensuring positive outcomes.

Micro-Credentialing: The Janus of Higher Education

The use of micro-credentials holds immense potential to address the challenges of traditional higher education, particularly in terms of accessibility, employability, and inclusivity. This study delves into the rise of micro-credentialing and its evolution in the digital learning landscape post the COVID-19 pandemic. With many people owning cell phones and a tech-savvy younger generation, micro-credentials are poised to pave a promising pathway for education and career advancement. The research explores the potential, benefits, and possible future of micro-credentials. Using an integrative literature review approach, this study uses a qualitative approach to analyse policy documents, published articles, and case studies of micro-credentialing initiatives. According to initial research, micro-credentials have the potential to provide adaptable and targeted learning opportunities. These can be combined and aligned with industry standards, bridging the divide between traditional education and the evolving requirements of the job market. This adaptability instils confidence in the relevance of the education system. Micro-credentialing is a new way of recognising and certifying skills. It is more inclusive and challenges traditional education models, offering a lifelong learning and employability framework.

A REGULAMENTAÇÃO DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL E SEUS IMPACTOS NO DIREITO

The introduction of this research deals with the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) and its impacts on the Brazilian legal system, with an emphasis on the areas of civil, criminal and labor law. The study analyzes how the growing presence of AI in social and economic relations requires the creation of legal guidelines that protect fundamental rights, such as human dignity, privacy and equality. In civil law, issues of liability for damages caused by AI, protection of data and automated contracts. In criminal law, the focus is on the use of AI both to prevent crimes and to commit illegal acts, which requires the creation of specific regulations to prevent abuses and guarantee criminal liability. In relation to labor law, the research explores how automation driven by AI can transform the job market, threatening jobs and increasing the need for legal protections for workers. The research adopts an integrative literature review methodology, seeking to identify the main challenges and risks associated with the use of AI. This includes ethical issues, such as algorithmic discrimination and the lack of transparency in automated decisions, as well as debating the need for a regulatory framework that balances technological advances with the protection of fundamental rights. AI, while promising, presents challenges that need to be addressed through effective regulation to ensure innovation occurs safely and fairly.

Motivation for Physical Activity in Low-Income Adults: An Integrative Literature Review.

To explore, review and assess the literature on motivation for physical activity in low-income adults to inform future research and clinical interventions. An integrative review of the literature on motivation for physical activity in low-income adults. Whittemore and Knaul's five-stage methodological approach for integrative reviews was utilised. Studies written in English that focused primarily on low-income adults discussed physical activity and included a component of motivation or drive were included. The Johns Hopkins Evidence Level and Quality Guide was used to assess the quality of the studies. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscuss and Google Scholar from 1 January 2018 - 23 August 2024. A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three main categories of factors impacting physical activity in low-income adults were identified: (1) motivators for physical activity, (2) barriers for physical activity (3) and items that were both a motivator and a barrier. Despite the key role nurses play in promoting health and wellness, studies conducted by nurses or employing nursing interventions were notably absent. This integrative literature review highlights the need for more information about what motivates low-income adults to be more physically active. Understanding the experience of low-income adults with physical activity is integral to meeting their needs and facilitating increased physical activity. Future research should utilise nursing theories and interventions to improve physical activity levels among low-income adults. This study addressed physical inactivity in low-income adults. More information is needed about motivation for physical activity. This information will impact researchers and clinicians. The search strategy and reporting method were consistent with PRISMA guidelines. No Patient or Public Contribution.

THE ROLE OF NURSING IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY

Research on nursing interventions in the prevention and control of childhood obesity has addressed three main determinants: sedentary lifestyles, poor diet, and psychosocial and environmental factors. Through an integrative literature review, negative points associated with each determinant were identified, such as increased risk of obesity, nutritional deficiencies, social stigma, and lack of emotional support. However, several nursing interventions have been highlighted as effective in addressing these problems, including nutritional education, promotion of physical activity, psychosocial support, and advocacy for healthy environments. Authors such as Jardim (2017), Borfe et al. (2017), Serra et al. (2018), among others, have contributed significantly to the development of these strategies. The research highlights the role of nurses in promoting child health, highlighting the importance of a multidimensional and collaborative approach to prevent and control childhood obesity. In summary, the results obtained provide valuable insights to improve nursing practices, promoting healthy lifestyle habits, and combating the childhood obesity epidemic.

PHARMACOLOGICAL STRATEGIES TO PREVENT CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global mortality, and high-risk patients, such as those with a history of myocardial infarction, diabetes, uncontrolled hypertension, or severe dyslipidemia, are especially vulnerable to adverse cardiovascular events. Pharmacological strategies aimed at preventing these events in high-risk patients are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with CVDs. These strategies include the use of antiplatelet agents, statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), and beta-blockers, which have shown efficacy in the secondary prevention of events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. OBJECTIVES: Given the importance of this topic, this study aims to explore the most effective pharmacological strategies to prevent cardiovascular events in patients considered at high risk. The study aims to elucidate the main drugs used, their mechanisms of action, as well as the relevance of their clinical application for the reduction of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events in these patients. METHODOLOGY: The study was developed based on an integrative literature review, based on searches in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), PubMed and SciELO databases. The search terms used included: “Cardiovascular prevention”, “High-risk patients”, and “Pharmacological strategies”. Articles published in the last five years were selected to ensure the relevance and timeliness of the information. RESULTS: Pharmacological strategies to prevent cardiovascular events in high-risk patients include the use of antiplatelet agents such as aspirin, which reduces platelet aggregation and prevents arterial thrombosis. Statins, which reduce LDL cholesterol levels, have been shown to significantly reduce the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. In addition, ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers have shown benefits in patients with heart failure and hypertension, reducing cardiovascular mortality. Individualizing treatment, considering the comorbidities and characteristics of each patient, is essential to optimize clinical results. CONCLUSION: Pharmacological strategies play a crucial role in the prevention of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The combination of medications such as antiplatelet agents, statins, ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers, when applied individually and according to clinical guidelines, can significantly reduce the incidence of serious cardiovascular events. Awareness of the importance of the correct use of these therapies and adherence to treatment are essential to improve the quality of life and increase the longevity of patients.

PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH AND TREATMENT OF PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

The ductus arteriosus (CA) is an important vessel responsible for redirecting blood from the right ventricle to the descending aorta in the fetus. At birth, the AC undergoes physiological stimuli, causing the vessel to constrict. Some congenital heart diseases are caused by malformations in the structures of the heart resulting in cardiovascular hemodynamic dysfunction, among them the most common is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), which is the difficulty in closing the ductus arteriosus in newborns. The aim of this article is to scan the medical literature to gain a detailed understanding of the pathophysiology of PDA in order to develop effective diagnostic strategies and appropriate therapeutic approaches. An integrative literature review was carried out, using databases as search engines and defining descriptors in order to filter the data. Thus, the review of these articles shows a relationship between patent ductus arteriosus and gestational age, especially at gestational ages of less than 28 weeks. The prevalence is due to the structural and functional immaturity of the ductus arteriosus, which remains open to supply the fetal circulation, thus requiring intervention and effective approaches, which should follow a step-by-step protocol, capable of evolving from pharmacological treatment to surgical procedure. The choice must be compatible with the patient's clinical conditions for a good clinical outcome.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKLOAD AND USE OF ANXIOLYTICS AND ANTIDEPRESSANTS IN NURSING: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Introduction: Nursing professionals face high levels of stress and work overload, which can affect their mental health and lead to the use of anxiolytics and antidepressants. However, the relationship between workload and the use of these medications is not yet completely clear. Objective: This study aims to explore the relationship between nurses' workload and the use of anxiolytics and antidepressants, in addition to identifying the main factors that influence this use. Methodology: An integrative literature review was carried out, searching the PubMed and CINAHL databases, using specific descriptors. The studies were selected based on the relationship between workload and medication use, and analyzed for quality and relevance. Conclusion: The data suggest a significant association between high workload and the use of psychotropic medications, highlighting factors such as long working hours and high demand in the health environment. The review suggests that work overload is linked to the use of anxiolytics and antidepressants by nurses, reinforcing the need for interventions to improve working conditions and support the mental health of these professionals.

PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES DE RISCO DA LOMBALGIA EM OPERADORES DE CALL CENTER

This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among call center operators through an integrative literature review. The central problem is the identification of the main factors that contribute to the development of low back pain in this professional group and the impact of these factors on workers’ health. The objectives are to understand the relationship between working conditions and the incidence of low back pain, analyzing the risk factors and their consequences on the quality of life of call center operators. To achieve these objectives, an integrative review of the scientific literature was carried out. Data collection in the integrative review included searches in the Lilacs, Scielo, Pubmed, Medline and Pedro databases, considering studies published in the last 4 years, both in Portuguese and English. The results reveal a series of risk factors associated with low back pain, such as inadequate postures, long periods of sitting and lack of regular breaks, which significantly contribute to the high prevalence of this condition among call center operators. It is concluded that the adoption of ergonomic measures and preventive practices is crucial to reduce the incidence of low back pain and improve the quality of life of these workers.

ATUAÇÃO DA ENFERMAGEM À CRIANÇA COM LEUCEMIA E EM CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS

Introduction: Cancer in pediatrics is always a challenge. Palliative care is a difficult discussion to be dealt with the family and the role of the nurse in this matter is essential. Objective: To describe the nursing practice in children with leukemia and in palliative care. Materials and methods: This is an integrative literature review that took as a research question "what is the role of nursing in children diagnosed with leukemia and in palliative care?". To this end, the search for articles took place through the Virtual Health Library, using the following inclusion criteria: publications between the years 2019 and 2023, in Portuguese and English. Results: A total of 20 articles were included in this review, 13 of which were developed in Brazil. Discussion: To facilitate the understanding of the findings, three topics were established: the implications of leukemia in children and caregivers; nurses' role in the care of children and families with leukemia and in palliative care; Importance of the nurse's role as a health educator. Conclusions: The results emphasized an important participation of the nurse in palliative care, being part of the reception of both the child and the family members/guardians. However, there is a limitation regarding specific studies that relate to the work of nurses, palliative care and children with leukemia.

OS IMPACTOS DO TAPING NO PÓS-OPERATORIO EM ABDOMINOPLASTIA E LIPOASPIRAÇÃO: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

With a progressive increase in the number of plastic surgeries, the role of physiotherapy has been evolving exponentially. With this, it highlights the importance of using specific procedures in the postoperative period in order to reduce possible complications and reactions from surgery such as edema, seroma, fibrosis, hematoma, pain, scarring and tissue adhesions. The main objective of physiotherapeutic treatment in the preoperative period of plastic surgery is to avoid or reduce complications such as the incidence of scars, adhesions, edema, hematomas and pulmonary complications. The present study is an integrative literature review, carried out through an electronic search of the Medical Literature Analysis System (PudMed) Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) database. This study can conclude with this study that the use of lymphatic taping in the postoperative period of abdominoplasty and liposuction is effective in reducing edema, preventing bruising and reducing the patient's pain, due to its action on the lymphatic system, thus having fewer complications. and complications.

WOMEN’S CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN STEM AND THE ROLE OF SELF-CONCEPTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

The purpose of this article is to carry out a systematic, integrative literature review to identify how self-concepts impact women’s career development in predominantly male professions (STEM – Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics), considering the stages of career choice, permanence, and advancement. The review examined 282 studies. It investigated the main characteristics of the selected studies based on the categories of analysis. Most research on women’s career development and self-concepts focuses on the stage of career choice and few studies address the permanence and advancement stages. Specific contributions to STEM contexts are even scarcer in all stages. The most discussed self-concepts are self-efficacy and self-esteem, with little to no research considering the locus of control and self-confidence. By identifying the most relevant theoretical contributions in the field, the review is useful for researchers and career advisors who seek to understand the impact of self-concepts on women’s career development in predominantly male professions and to better support their practices. Recommendations for further research are provided.

COMPREENDENDO A INTERSEÇÃO ENTRE HIV/AIDS E PNEUMONIA: UMA ANÁLISE ABRANGENTE DA LITERATURA

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between HIV/AIDS and pneumonia is complex and multifaceted. Individuals infected with HIV have a significantly higher risk of developing pneumonia, caused by both bacterial and viral agents, due to immune suppression from the virus. OBJECTIVE: To identify in the literature the relationship between HIV/AIDS and pneumonia in the context of nursing care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an integrative literature review conducted in the MEDLINE, LILACS, and BDENF databases, using the descriptors: “HIV seropositivity,” “Pneumonia,” and “nursing care.” The descriptors were combined using the boolean operator AND, covering the period from 2018 to 2024. RESULTS: The study found that HIV-positive patients tend to experience a subacute progression of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), while immunocompromised patients without HIV face rapid progression, with a higher risk of respiratory failure and mortality. CT scans showed ground-glass opacities and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels. Non-HIV patients had longer treatment delays and higher hospitalization and mortality rates. Lymphopenia, steroid use, and pneumothorax were associated with 60-day mortality. The incidence of bacterial pneumonia in people living with HIV decreased, linked to improved CD4 counts. Children with HIV showed higher mortality from coronavirus-related pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: Future research should expand epidemiological surveillance, explore new therapies, and investigate co-infections in at-risk groups, particularly children. Additionally, strengthening public health policies and promoting prevention education are essential to improve clinical outcomes in vulnerable populations.

FATORES PREDISPONENTES DE ESTRESSE EM ENFERMEIROS QUE ATUAM NA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA

This study aimed to identify the labor stressors in nursing work nurse, at in the Intensive Care Unit. Method: This is a descriptive study by literature integrative review method, where the selected articles include a the years between 2006 and 2023. Results: The results show significant labor difficulties in the professional work unit to significant labor difficulties, including double journey, death of patients, drive management, among others that are certainly present of stress in the nurses work context. Conclusion: institutions reassess the policies directed to the nursing worker and the physical space of their work, and the conditions to which they are subject, focusing a greater appreciation of the professional, thus allowing a quality of life in satisfactory work, and as a result, productivity of service quality.