Literary Views Research Articles

Causes and Effects of Stress Among Female Staff of Public Sector Banks: A Literary View

In today‟s scenario banking sector world is facing new & old challenges both due to global competition and theses institutions can come out from challenges by the means of its employees. Now in banking sector women are not only representing in workforce but are also coming forward to accept higher responsibilities. Hence, today biggest change for women employees is of balancing official and personal life. It is well established fact that problems of workplace affects personal life and vice versa. All these problems causes or increases stress in women bank employees. Work place stress or job stress is a psychological creation that employees may go through every day which affects productivity of employee leading to institutional productivity.

The role of national and relative people‘s poetry in the formation of rauf parfi's literary and aesthetic views

The role of national and relative people‘s poetry in the formation of rauf parfi's literary and aesthetic views

ТВОРЧІСТЬ ПИСЬМЕННИКІВ-«ЗЄВОНЧИКІВ» В ОЦІНЦІ ЛІТЕРАТУРНОГО КРИТИКА МІХАЛА ГРАБОВСЬКОГО

This article dials with the analysis of work of writers that belonged to the group of “Zievonia” through the prism of critic literary views of the Polish critic М. Grabovskyj. Determined, that the most obvious poetic capabilities М. Grabovskyj recognized in J. Borkovskyj and D. Magnushevskyj, but the special writer talent for the adopted artists of criticisms did not educed. М. Grabovskyj distinguished two incomparable translators of ancient and folk works – L. Semenskyj and А. Belyovskyj, their translations, thought the artist, considerably enriched Polish literature. М. Grabovskyj estimated very high ancient labours of K. Vojchitskyj, his collection of proverbs, parables, songs, legends critic considered as a large treasure of Polish literature, that had to influence on evolution of polish literary positively and mightily. But this figure was estimated ambiguously: as a collector of folklore K. Vojchitskyj was enough highly perceived by М. Grabovskyj, however did not saw him as a writer. Also L. Semenskyj was marked by M. Grabovskyj as a “not so good” writer, but as a translator of the greatest level. Thus, to «Zievonchyks» were heard not only dithyrambs but also objective estimations of work. Among all representatives of group «Zievonchyks» separate attention of М. Grabovskyj was dedicated to S. Goshchynskyj as one of its brightest representatives, that partly, to our opinion, was determined by the long-term friendship of both masters. M. Grabovskyj noticed that S. Goshchynskyj had unsurpassed ability to pass the mood of work by descriptions of landscape and he did not have competitors of this ability even among the representatives of Polish literary of that time. Poetic school «Zievonchyks» was distinguished by admiration of slavs, and adopting of paints of the folk Slavic poetry. М. Grabovskyj sympathized with slavs tendencies in works of many representatives of this group, and Grabovskyj estimated positively.

최인훈 문학관의 한국적 특수성 : 『화두』를 중심으로 －『잃어버린 시간을 찾아서』와의 비교분석을 동반하며

최인훈 문학관의 한국적 특수성 : 『화두』를 중심으로 －『잃어버린 시간을 찾아서』와의 비교분석을 동반하며

Georg Büchner: Anatomist of the animal brain and the human mind

ABSTRACTThe writer Georg Büchner (1813–1837) is considered one of the giants of German literature. Comparatively less well known, however, is the fact that Büchner was also a gifted neuroanatomist who completed his medical studies with a dissertation on the nervous system of the barbel (a freshwater fish with a high incidence in the River Rhine) and gave a lecture on cranial nerves shortly afterward, hoping to secure a position at the University of Zurich. In the copious secondary literature on Büchner, it has often been discussed whether and how his poetic and scientific writings were interrelated. In this article, I compare Büchner’s anatomical and literary views of the brain and argue that two distinct perspectives on the organ were developed here. In the literary works, human behavior was linked to the brain in a manner that betrays the influence of Franz Joseph Gall’s organology. In the anatomical writing, the brain appeared as an exemplar of natural harmony and beauty. In the one case, the brain appeared as an aristocrat, in the other as a pariah. I take this stark contrast to mean that Büchner understood the brain as an epistemically slippery, contradictory object that could only be approached from different angles.

چه‌مكی ئه‌ده‌ب و ڕه‌خنه‌ی ئه‌ده‌بی‌ له‌تێڕوانینه‌كانی ( كامیل حه‌سه‌ن به‌سیر)دا.

ABSTRACT
 The current study entitled The Concept of Literature and Literary Criticism in Kamil Hassan Basirs’ Views” is a critical study that deals with Kamil Hassan Basirs’ literary views and criticism as far as theoretical basis is concerned. Therefore, the study revolves around what is called ( critical criticism). The purpose behind choosing his works is related to his well- informed knowledge regarding literature in general and criticism in particular. Furthermore, it serves to be a scientific reflection on the works of a treasury and outstanding critic in the country considering that his works have not been paid much attention within the field of literary criticism as well as in an academic setting.
 The aim behind this study is to review and evaluate, on one hand, Basirs’ views which have a remarkable position within literary essays in general and critical essays in particular. On the other hand, his views carry his own forms and distinguishing features. For this reason, the researcher has found it necessary to take his views into consideration under the concept critical criticism.
 The method of the study is analytical descriptive. It consists of two main parts. The first part sheds some light on Basirs’ views regarding poetry, poets and specifying the role and the participation of Kurdish literature in Kurdish society. The second part is devoted to the terms and concepts concerning criticism in Basirs’ viewpoints. It also studies the qualifications of the critic and the requirements of the scientific criticism. The paper ends with the conclusion in which some important points are concluded.

죽석관 서영보의 문학관 연구

본 논문은 조선후기의 경화세족이자 관각문인이었던 竹石館 徐榮輔의 문학관을 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 서영보는 명문가의 일원으로, 중앙 고위직에서부터 지방관에 이르기까지 여러 실무직을 맡았고 학술적 교유와 저술 활동에도 소홀하지 않았다. 그럼에도 불구하고 그의 문학적인 면모에 대해 논의된 것이 드물다. 따라서 서영보의 문학적 면모를 면밀하게 밝힐 필요가 있는데, 이에 앞서 그의 문학관에 대해 우선적으로 검토하려는 것이다. Ⅱ장에서는 서영보의 문학관 형성에 영향을 주었을 것으로 보이는 교유 관계를 살펴보았다. 편의상 수학기의 교유와 사환기의 교유로 구분하였는데, 수학기에는 주로 소론계 및 강화학파 인물들과의 교유가 빈번하였고, 이후 사환기에는 초계문신 출신의 관각문인들과 정치적으로 또 문학적으로 깊은 교유 관계를 맺었다. Ⅲ장에서는 서영보의 문학관에 대해 다루었다. 먼저 서영보는 문장과 정치가 서로 통한다는 일종의 시운론의 입장을 밝혔는데, 이는 정치 참여가 가능하고 임금의 총애를 받는 관각문인들에게서 주로 나타나는 문학관이다. 아울러 時運의 전제와 天稟의 함양을 바탕으로 天機가 발현되어야 문학의 지극한 경지에 이를 수 있다고 하였는데, 이는 소론계 문인들이 공유하였던 修養 및 自得의 학문 태도와 관련이 있을 것이다. 서영보의 문학관으로 거론된 두 가지 관점이 다소 진부하고 특별하지 않게 보일 수도 있겠지만, 당대에 주류를 이루었던 다수의 경화세족 관각문인들의 문학관을 참신하거나 개성적이지 않다는 이유로 외면해서는 안 된다. 서영보를 비롯한 조선후기에 주류를 이루었던 경화세족 관각문인들의 문학적 면모를 자세하게 밝히는 연구들이 이어지기를 기대한다.

Proverbs in Chinua Achebe’s Novel Things Fall Apart

This article is a literary study which is concerned with the analysis of proverbs found
 in the novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe. The objective of this study is
 to identify as well as to analyse proverbs used in the novel. The analysis is based on
 the theoretical framework proposed by Honect (1997) who states that proverbs are an
 intuitive aspect of their mental functioning and can be viewed by using seven views:
 Personal View, Formal View, Religious View, Literary View, Practical View, Cultural
 View and Cognitive View. The study was conducted by applying qualitative method
 with a descriptive approach proposed by Creswell (2009). The result of the analysis
 shows that there are 27 proverbs found in the novel. Of the seven views of proverbs,
 six are found in the novel. The view that is not found in the novel is Literary View.

A Study OnYim Sang-jeong’s Prose : focused on theme consciousness of ‘Be true to the name’

본고에서는 林象鼎(1681~1755)의 문학관을 검토하고, 그의 산문에서 중요한 축을 이루는 名實相符의 주제 의식을 중심으로 하여 산문 세계의 일면을 조명하고자 하였다. 임상정은 貴古賤今의 문학사관과 전통적인 道文觀을 보이면서도, 도와는 별개로 문장을 보배라고 하여 그 가치를 인정하고 그러한 문장에 심취하여 즐겼음을 고백하였다. 또한 자신의 문집을 ‘自娛錄’이라고 명명하여 문학을 개인 취향의 영역으로 취급하기도 하였다. 게다가 그는 문장을 학습하기 위해 八家를 전범으로서 설정하고, 그 가운데 蘇軾을 혹호하여 그의 문장을 학습하였다. 이 같은 면은 17세기 말에서 18세기 초에 보이는 전통적 도문관의 균열 조짐과 ‘개인’ 중심의 문학관 출현이라는 시대적 맥락을 내포한다고 할 수 있다. 한편, 그가 남긴 문학 가운데 대다수를 차지하는 산문에서는 명실상부의 주제 의식이 뚜렷하게 드러난다. 우선, 사대부의 허위에 대한 비판이 원론적 차원이 아니라 현실적 차원에서 자주 거론되는데, 이것이 자신의 경험적 일화와 가상의 이야기를 통해 구현된다는 점에서 주목된다. 또 한미한 인물의 윤리 실천에 대한 관심으로 창작된 傳에서는 입전 인물의 효행･선행을 부각하기 위한 서사의 확장과 긴 분량의 논찬이 특징적이다. 마지막으로 妓生 출신의 첩을 둔 일에 대해 해명하는 작품 역시 명실상부의 주제 의식에서 창작된 글로, 여기에는 계집종을 좋아한다는 파격적 고백과 논리적 해명을 위한 전략적 서술이 돋보인다. 이처럼 임상정은 전통적인 도문관에서 벗어나는 과도기적 문학관을 가지고 산문에 치력한 작가로서 명실상부의 주제 의식을 특색 있게 작품화하였다.In this paper, I reviewed Yim sang-jeong(林象鼎) s literary views, and tried to look at the prose world, focusing on the important theme consciousness of Be true to the name(名實相符) in his prose. Yim Sang-jeong has the Traditionary Literary Views, while actively recognizing the value of literature. He was obsessed with his own writing and treated literature as a zone of personal taste to the extent that he named his literary book ‘Zhaorok(自娛錄)’. In addition, he set The Eight Masters as a model to learn sentences, and loved Su Shi(蘇軾) so much that he learned the literature. This shows the signs of cracks intraditional literary viewpoint from the end of the 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. It also has the contemporary context of the emergence of the literary viewpoints centered on the individual. Meanwhile, in his prose, the theme of Be true to the name(名實相符) is key. Theme conciousness is the following three. Critique of Shidafu(士大夫) s falsehood, Attention to ethical practice of the humble person, self-defense against work putting gisaeng(妓生) as concubine. These theme consciousnesses are implemented in the form of Ancdote, Jeon(傳), Self-defense. As above, Yim Sang-jeong is a writer of distinction. His research is expected to be a further task.

LITERARY-AESTHETIC POSITIONS IN EPISTOLAR SOURCES

Scientific correspondence in archives is an integral part of Russian Oriental studies. The names of Russian scientists complement each other with unique information about the study of the Uzbek classical literature, the creation of works, the scientific and literary environment of this period as an integral part of their scientific activities. Through epistolary sources one can get an idea about the exchange of opinions, reviews, criticism, literary and aesthetic views. In this regard, the scientific dialogue between A. Samoylovich, V. Barthold, I. Yu. Krachkovsky, V. Gordlevsky, N. Ostroumov, A. Semenov and other scientists are noteworthy. Considering that this aspect of the matter has not yet been studied in the Uzbek literature, the study of epistolary sources enriches the history of science with new facts and reveals more information the scientific biography of scientists. The article discusses the scientific correspondence of Academician A.N. Samoylovich in archives.

An Analysis of the Father’s and Mother’s Image in Hamlin Garland’s Short Stories

Hamlin Garland, an influential American writer, describes the images of fathers and mothers in their everyday west-frontier lifestyle. By analyzing those figures, this paper will reveal the social significance of his work, his writing style, and his literary views: Veritism.

ВОСПРИЯТИЕ В. В. РОЗАНОВЫМ И М. О. МЕНЬШИКОВЫМ ЛИЧНОСТИ И ТВОРЧЕСТВА Н. В. ГОГОЛЯ

The article discusses the judgments of M. O. Menshikov and V. V. Rozanov about the personality and creativity of N. V. Gogol. The literary views of the two leading publicists of Russia of the beginning of the XX century, who worked in the newspaper ‘Novoye Vremya’, are analysed. Similarities and differences in their assessments of the classic writer’s creative heritage are revealed. The authors ascertain that the general approaches of Rozanov and Menshikov to Gogol’s works are based on K. Leontiev’s conception. Rozanov develops Leontiev’s thoughts in his own way, mystifying and demonizing the writer. Menshikov, partially following Leontiev, sees a dramatically split figure in Gogol.

ДМИТРО ЧИЖЕВСЬКИЙ — ДОСЛІДНИК ФУТУРИЗМУ В РОСІЙСЬКІЙ ЛІТЕРАТУРІ: ДІАХРОНІЧНИЙ ВЕКТОР

The article deals with the fundamental development directions of futurism studying in Russian poetry in the D. Chizhevsky’s scientific heritage. The author determined the methodological significance of the futurism analysis initiated by the Ukrainian scientist just as organic and valuable artistic phenomenon in the history of Russian literature. His research «On the poetry of Russian futurism» (New York, 1963) was published on the contrary to the total silencing of the avant-garde in the USSR and its almost complete erasure from the historical map of the development of literature. The scientist connects there a number of distinguishing tenden- cies of the futuristic poetics with the preceding stage (the literature of symbolism), and predicts the appearance of studies of this aspect of literary continuity. Author of this article analyses works of similar subjects that have replenished science at the late twentieth – early twenty- first centuries (Bobrinskaya, Kling). D. Chizhevsky pays the most attention to the peculiarities and innovations of the poetic language of the futurists, defines various ways of word creation in their poetic practice – morphological word forms, innovations, morphemic and phonetic «zaum», violations of grammatical norms. As a specialist in comparative literary studies, he drew attention to the connection between the Russian avant-garde and both the Polish (the Scamander group) and the Czech avant-garde in the works of individual authors (V.Nesval). While studying Russian futurism and in a number of works on baroque literature, D. Chizhevsky traces the diachronic connection of Russian futurism with the baroque tradition, reveals the typological affinity of many events in time distant literatures. The baroque dimension of futuristic poetics clearly observed in the conceptual position of Chizhevsky when it comes about «complexity», the opacity of the poetic language of such artists as Mayakovsky, Pasternak, about lan- guage game, the experiment of an abstruse language, intentional stylistic opacity, and the «incomprehensibility» of futurist texts. The profound idea of outlining diachronic typological processes in various literatures turned out to be quite productive and had further literary development, just as a scheme of the «wave» movement of styles proposed by Chizhevsky in the es- say «Cultural and historical eras». In support of this thesis, in this article it was analyzed a number of philological works of the late twentieth – early twenty-first century, where the analogies between the baroque and avant-garde artistic paradigms were traced. To a large extent, the works of the Ukrainian philologist and culturologist have contributed to the formation of broad historical and literary views on typological processes in various literatures, on the study of the genesis of individual literary phenomena and historical typology in the diachronic aspect.

ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА ПОЛЬСЬКОГО РОМАНТИЗМУ В РЕЦЕПЦІЇ ЛІТЕРАТУРНОГО КРИТИКА МІХАЛА ГРАБОВСЬКОГО (на матеріалі листування)

Problems of polish romanticism in the perception of literary critic Mihal Grabovskyj (according to the materials of correspondence). This article is devoted to integrated research into correspondence of polish literary man M. Grabovskyj, analyzed literary and philosophic views of master in a diachronic aspect, his aesthetic priorities, described the evolution of general vital references of theoretician, and outlined the division into periods of creation and philosophic views of figure. A lot of attention is given to elucidation letters’ genres of M. Grabovskyj and its style. For the first time it is the attempt of new valuation of his achievements and intentions, consideration and description epistolary heritage of M. Grabovskyj, which include theoretical-literary dialogues with the famous polish artists of XIX c. In his enormous array there are the conceptual reasoning andestimations of both work of separate writers and of that timeliterary process. The looks of writer were constantly evolved, that does any division into periods of correspondence conditional enough. However there sre distinguished two periods: European-”loyal” (1823 -1843) and later “tendentious” clerical-panslavics’ (1843 – 1863). The range of letters’ problems of of the first period marks adaptation of ideas of European (German) romanticism to national traditions, grouping and consolidation by the leaders of Polish romantic literature. These ideas contain optimistic character and sent to deepening the national perception of the world. The second period is characterized by correlations of the own theory of romanticism, ambiguousness of communicative structure. Grabovskyj comprehended the nomenclature of texts of romantic canon. The letters of М. Grabovskyj, that became the article of independent analysis first, substantially specify presentation in the relation to his literary- aesthetic program realized in the articles. In that correspondences, especially in those that are addressed to the closest friends he was frank and formulated the positions laconically and clearly. In the letters of artist it is legitimate to see continuation of critical articles.

THE IMAGE OF HOME SN P. KULISH’S SHORT PROST

In the year of 200th anniversary of P. Kulish’s birth, who was a famous Ukrainian writer, scientist, philosopher, translator, folklorist, historian, a person with encyclopedic knowledge, the topicality of this paper is determined both by the commemoration of this event and an attempt to scrutinize his works from a different angle. This paper offers the opportunity for new interpretation of P. Kulish’s short prose written in the Ukrainian language. The purpose of the study is to combine literary view on his fiction works and their analysis applying interdisciplinary method, partially involving archetypal method and comparative analysis which allows more “stereoscopic” view on characters and conflicts depicted by the author. To achieve this purpose, an archetypal concept “Home – Field – Temple” has been utilized, the universal nature of which was proven by K. Jung, M. Heidegger, H. Gachev, S. Krymskyi. This paper in particular contains the analysis of the image of Home in P. Kulish’s short prose. Thus, the analysis of the literary work has also involved certain philosophical categories. The abovementioned conceptual topoi form an existential basis of an epic work the recognition of which facilitates perception of the events in a work as not “plane”. Basically, P. Kulish’s short stories also contain other existential topoi (“Field”, “Temple”) in the form of redefined fictional images which present prospects for the future research. The abovementioned methods have already been used by the author to analyze certain literary works including P. Kulish’s historical novel “Chorna Rada” (The Black Council), in which Home is represented more as existential space whereas in the writer’s short prose it emerges as a fictional image with its characteristic features. Having analyzed the image of Home in P. Kulish’s short stories we can conclude that it integrates several meanings, acting as Home for a family, a house, a native neighbourhood, a village, reflecting the image of Ukraine. Keywords: P. Kulish’s short stories, concept “Home – Field – Temple”, the image of Home.

„Mozak koji je izbačen iz lobanje”: Peščanik Danila Kiša kao auto/patografija o zalutalom racionalizmu

The central place of Danilo Kis’s novel Hourglass, which is a kind of an illness/disease narrative (ecriture patografique), is occupied by the human condition as an animal rationale. It was one of the subjects raised by many intellectuals, including Edmund Husserl, whose name does not appear here accidentally. Phenomenology was a strong intellectual impetus for the authors of the new French novel. Although in his statements Kis resolutely distanced himself from any connections with him, emphasizing the documentary, auto/biographical character of his work, in this article I point to the existent (albeit unintended) connections between Kis’s novel and the literary views of his French colleagues.

초의선사(艸衣禪師)의 문학관 고찰

초의선사(艸衣禪師)의 문학관 고찰

Przeinaczanie i inne klęski poetów. Leśmianowski projekt poetologiczny w świetle lektury „Przygód Sindbada Żeglarza”

Artykuł ma na celu prześledzenie motywu klęski poety w kontekście projektu poetologicznego, najpełniej wyartykułowanego przez Bolesława Leśmiana w szkicach literackich, ale rozwijanego też w licznych wierszach z wątkami autotematycznymi. Autorka proponuje perspektywę peryferyjną, w centrum rozważań stawiając najbardziej feralnego poetę z galerii twórców przywoływanych przez Leśmiana, czyli wuja Tarabuka z Przygód Sindbada Żeglarza (1913). Choć ta wczesna baśń literacka traktowana jest zwykle jako tekst marginalny w dorobku pisarza, zawiera w postaci zalążkowej wiele elementów istotnych dla jego światopoglądu literackiego. Należy do nich między innymi wizja poety, który stara się rytm natury przekładać na rytm swoich śpiewnych wierszy, jednak stale doświadcza różnego rodzaju porażek – owoce jego pracy ulegają destrukcji, a kolejne metody utrwalania poezji przeinaczają oryginalny zamysł autora. Artykuł zawiera elementy polemiki z esejem Ryszarda Koziołka Wuj Tarabuk i nędza pisania.

Emerging Trends of TV Talk Shows and Increasing Frequency of Political Discussion: Content Analysis on Talk Shows of Leading Pakistani News Channel

Inception of talk shows has revolutionized the information for all age viewers to political/ regional/ extra regional challenges (just a click away). Besides connecting the talk shows viewers to one TV channel, another objective of these Talk shows is to sell the particulars responsible and literary persons own views and comments regarding the on going and current hot issue or particular matter. Till now the concluded results of these Talk shows are more likely to maintain centric approach rather broad approach with regard to strengthen Social Capacity Building(SCB) in all field of life. Present study main focus is just to know that which type of issues are being discussed in these talk shows and which type of impact these talk shows have on the Pakistani people. its another focus is identify that if we found some sort of gaps which these talk shows are not fullfilling so either we can achieve those set goals and objectives or not to improve the objectives of these talk shows. if the Talk Shows planners revisit their ongoing strategies a social and cultural change can be brougt in these talk shows regarding these concerned i.e. political, education, health, law & orders, religious etc. following are the gaps which researcher have identified in these talk shows and those are: Limited information regarding the focused topic which is discussed during these talk shows on Pakistani TV channels. Talk shows mainly focus on the important issues and challenges, with respect to Historic and Future aspect of any situation are left over which are not discussed during the discussion due to biasness or tv channel polices so which creat a gap for idenifying the meaning full information. Due various controllable and controllable limitations; today talk shows are seem to maintain reactive response rather than Pro-active.

Literatura w radiu – gatunki, szanse, zagrożenia. Na przykładzie rozgłośni regionalnych

The article depicts the conditions that determine the presence of literature in regional radio broadcasters’ programmes. It describes most commonly used forms of radio shows dedicated to the literature. The author attempts to diagnose the difficulties that influence distribution of literature in radio and factors that might provide the chance for its more frequent appearance in broadcast programming. The attention is paid to the relation between broadcasts of literary programmes and political views of the radio stations management.