Literary Texts Research Articles

PERSONAL PROPER NAME IN LITERARY TEXT TO DEPRESENT THE EXTERNAL AND INNER WORLD OF A PERSON

The article gives an interpretation of the term "proper name", defines the types of nouns in the literary text, and examines how the external and internal world of a person is described through the name of a person. Factual material -based on the works of Russian writers, describing a person's appearance through a personal name is an important element of Russian fiction. The analysis of Russian personal names in the texts taken from the works of Russian writers shows that carefully selected names of heroes can serve as an important tool in the development of the inner world, moral qualities and character.

Beyond the masculinity of kingship: The making of a modern queen in early second millennium Sri Lanka

Abstract Modern historians have repeatedly cast Sri Lanka’s historical female monarchs as ‘queens’, without critically reflecting on the conceptual limits and nuances of that term. Through a close examination of sources from the early second millennium, and their reception by scholars from the colonial period onwards, I demonstrate that Sri Lanka’s female monarchs—particularly Līlāvatī of Poḷonnaruva (r. 1197–1200, 1209, and 1210)—engaged in a more creative and subversive performance of gender than modern ‘queenship’ allows. In particular, I argue, a discourse of kingship’s inherent masculinity, advanced in literary and didactic texts written primarily by male monastics, was too-willingly accepted by colonial-period scholars. Closer attention to the material evidence of Līlāvatī’s reign, however, challenges this discourse and further suggests a politics of gender beyond the binary.

The archetypal versatility of the image of Becky Hildebrandt in the J. Franzen's novel "Crossroads"

The object of the study is the novel "Crossroads" by American writer Jonathan Franzen, which became widely known outside the United States and was translated into Russian in 2022. The object of the study is one of the female images of this novel - the image of Becky Hildebrandt, which combines a number of archetypal functions: a daughter in relation to parents Marion and Russ, a sister for brothers Clem and Perry, a bride for the young musician Tanner Evans. In the last chapters of the novel, Becky becomes a mother, thus passing through all the female family archetypal roles. Franzen's creative method, which tends to psychological realism, is focused on the specifics of the inner world of the characters, and it can be argued that the deep psychologism of his works is based on a consistent and systematic understanding of archetypal roles. The study of the heroine's image is carried out from the standpoint of an archetypal approach dating back to the works of C.G. Jung. The archetypal approach opens up to the researcher the opportunity to penetrate deeper into the psychological essence of a literary text. Female images, viewed from the point of view of reflecting archetypal features in them, appear in connection with other characters, and the gender-role specificity of their functioning becomes more visible. In the modern world, where the crisis of traditional values is clearly felt, a better understanding of the importance and complementarity of gender roles makes it possible to form moral supports leading both man and society in the direction of mental well-being. Archetypal analysis reveals one of the basic attitudes of the writer: a modern woman is forced to play several roles at once; the mixing of these roles, their instability inevitably lead to problematic situations in the life of not only the woman herself, but also her entire family.

From the head to the heart: A less-than-orthodox means for foreign language teaching and learning through theatre practice

In this article I reflect on the use of theatre as a tool to teach a foreign language. Within the context of language education, theatre practice does not focus on the final product. On the contrary, it emphasises the process of learning a foreign language. Between 2020 and 2022 I conducted in-class theatre projects with students learning Spanish at the University of Otago in New Zealand. These projects entailed the translation of literary texts from English to Spanish, which later were dramatised. The translation was carried out as an in-group discussion about grammar and vocabulary. The dramatised reading encouraged students to use a variety of tones and levels of volume to physically embody the text. The dramatisation allows students to design their performance with freedom, because they are not ‘acting themselves’, but are performing a different person. The final presentation of these projects filled students with pride because the work was done entirely by them, from selecting the text, to the translation and finishing with its dramatisation in front of an audience. These projects prioritised freedom of expression and promoted autonomy in students to integrate and apply the learnt content within a specific context in another language. This paper provides a detailed description of how theatre-based instruction developed different aspects of the learners’ language skills with students ranging from 100- up to 300- level.

A Comparative Analysis of Intersectional Feminist Identities in Caryl Churchill’s Vinegar Tom and Cloud Nine

The portrayal of women in patriarchal communities and their resistance against the tyranny of males are one of the most evident themes of literary texts. Feminist writers and scholars object to the conventional premise that women are inferior, silenced, or marginalized figures, and they aim to alter the mindsets of traditionalists’ by implementing and analyzing the sense of the rebellious spirit of female characters through their works. The advocates of intersectional feminist theory hold a notion that the oppression, from which women suffer, is the result of intersected social factors combined with the gender identity of women. In other words, gender cannot be the sole reason for tyranny but women’s social status, race, poverty, sexuality, ability, or disability are some of the crucial issues that accompany and reinforce the oppression they experience. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to scrutinize Caryl Churchill’s Vinegar Tom and Cloud Nine by analyzing the female characters’ miserable conditions and their struggles to find their real identities since the female characters suffer from patriarchal dogmas and norms in each play.

The Effectiveness of Wordwall in Enhancing Students’ Engagement and Motivation in Literature Classes

In order to enhance students’ engagement and motivation, the integration of technology into instructional environments is becoming increasingly fundamental. In this context, Wordwall is utilized for English Letters students in Universitas Sanata Dharma. This study investigates the effectiveness of Wordwall—an online tool applying gamification principles in non-game contexts—to enhance English Letters students’ learning engagement and motivation in literature classes. Wordwall is chosen among other platforms since it is free to use and students do not need to login to the platform. Therefore, it is deemed to be practical. This study uses quasi experimental post-test design. The population of this study is the students of Introduction to Literature and Culture of English-Speaking Nation of English Literature Class batch 2022. Both groups took a pre-test and post-test and the results were compared to see the variance in the results. Each group received one lesson per week for four weeks as part of the treatments. Lastly, the data were analysed using independent sample t-test with SPSS version 25. The findings indicated that integrating Wordwall into Literature classes had a notable impact in motivating students to actively engage in the learning environment. Employing gamification quizzes in literature classes emerged as an innovative agent to engage students’ interest in reading and interpreting literature works. In addition, the enjoyable and friendly competitive nature in Wordwall also facilitated the students to understand the literature texts better. Importantly, the lecturer may also monitor the students’ progress from the results of the quizzes presented in ranks, leaderboards, or statistics.

구비문학 텍스트의 지식체계에 대한 시론적(試論的) 검토

This study examines whether oral literature can be considered as a knowledge system. In an oral society, oral literature not only serves a literary function but also serves as the only medium for accumulating and transmitting forms of traditional knowledge. However, after the invention of writing, the authority in literature and knowledge shifted to ‘writing’ and ‘the written’ and (individual creations rather than group transmissions; written records over oral records). Nevertheless, oral literature has continued to preserve the essence of the oral tradition. In this respect, the acceptance of the elite's literature and ideology, the ideology and morals of the ruling class', and oral text compositions can be understood in the context of oral tradition. Therefore, analyzing oral literature texts as knowledge and the diverse types of knowledge incorporated in their composition represents an academic attempt to comprehensively study oral literature. In relation to this, it seems possible to explain the knowledge system of oral literature texts from two perspectives. One is the text itself as traditional knowledge, which is related to the issue of how to interpret the traditional knowledge inherent in oral literature texts. Through this, it will be possible to systematize what ethical beliefs, religious beliefs, historical understanding, etc. the oral literature transmission group has. The other is traditional knowledge as a component within oral literature texts, and this is related to the question of how oral literature texts constitute various types of traditional knowledge. Through this, it will be possible to systematically explain how various types of knowledge, such as indigenous language knowledge, experiential knowledge, folk knowledge, religious knowledge, knowledge of elite literary culture, and knowledge as a dominant ideology, work to compose oral literature texts. In this way, examining oral literature from the perspective of a knowledge system can provide useful implications in delving into the essential properties and functions of oral literature.

Analysis of Postcolonial Kazakh Poetry in the Context of Minor Literature

In the article, the characteristics and manifestations of post-colonial Kazakh poetry are analysed based on the concept of “minor literature” introduced by French philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari to the field of social sciences and postmodern discourse. During the period of the Soviet Union, that is, in the understanding of colonialism, the literature of the colonised peoples was always considered as someone else's literature, and the author himself was excluded and considered as “another person”. Even after independence, these complexes continued on literary/cultural/political basis. As a result, the image of the typical writer in literary texts, works, language, style, political content and collective discourse has undergone significant changes. This article analyses these and other changes in post-colonial Kazakh poetry in the context of minor literature. Focusing on the works of Kazakh poets, including Turmanbay Moldagaliyev's poems written after independence, and poets such as Yesengali Raushanov, Bakhytzhan Kanapiyanov, Meirkhan Akdauletuly, Temirkhan Medetbek, Bakhyt Kenzheev, it draws attention to the deterritorialisation of the language and the transformation of the Kazakh language into a creole language and the political and collective discourse of literary works. Within the framework of these studies, the psychological impact of colonialism and emancipation tendencies in post-colonial Kazakh society and political and social issues were evaluated through literary texts.

LIVED EXPERIENCES OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN PROCESSING LITERARY TEXTS: AN INQUIRY

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to determine the lived experiences, coping mechanisms, and insights of Senior high school students in processing various literary texts in some selected schools in the Division of Davao del Norte. With the increase of public-school students in senior high school in the Division of Davao del Norte, students experienced trouble in analyzing literary pieces given by their teacher, specifically those works that are covered in the 21st Century Literature subject. The study is conducted urgently in lieu of the widespread problem of the majority of the students’ lack of ability to effectively analyze literary texts. I used qualitative research in conducting the study because it is concerned with understanding the particular phenomenon being studied through natural observation and analysis rather than using a controlled measurement. In this study, the participants were the Senior High School Students of the school year 2023-2024. This study was conducted on fourteen (14) senior high school students in the selected public schools in the Division of Davao del Norte, equally divided into seven (7) participants for the In-Depth Interview (IDI), and another seven (7) participants for the Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The findings of the study have managed to mirror the lived experiences of Senior High School students in processing literary texts. As a Senior High School English teacher, My viewpoint on this phenomenon has expanded sufficiently, allowing me to glean richer insights from my participants specifically on how they cope with the experiences and challenges they have encountered from this study. The significant findings that they shared have greatly contributed valuable lessons that I, as an English teacher, find beneficial to internalize and implement in real-world scenarios.

The Importance of the Method of Creating a Thesaurus in the Study of Literary Texts

The article examines the scientific methodological foundations of thesauru research of literary texts. To this end, the formation of the concept of thesaurus and the meaning of the thesaurus method, the types of thesaurus dictionary and their main function are analyzed. The importance of the thesaurus research method in the study of literary texts is determined. The research used methods such as systematization, generalization, sorting, and formulation of the material. The article pays special attention to foreign and domestic thesaurus studies, analyzes the types of thesaurus dictionaries and their features. The article compares the thesaurus and a simple dictionary, identifies a number of optimal moments and ineffective aspects of the thesaurus. In the article, the thesaurus is recognized as a special terminological dictionary within a particular subject area, the meanings of which are close to terms (words and phrases) and semantic relations between them and grouped into concepts. The thesaurus analysis method is also an important research method in modern literary science. The thesaurus research method is widely used in the analysis of literary texts, as it allows you to identify semantic connections between words and understand the meaning of a work, helps to analyze and classify words, create dictionaries and lexical databases. The results achieved in the course of the study can be used in thesaurus research, the construction of a thesaurus based on literary texts.

Exploring Family Dynamics in Mitch Albom’s For One More Day Through the Lens of Bowen’s Family Systems Theory

This study represents the culmination of a final-year project in literary criticism, integrating selected literary text with a theoretical framework, with roots tracing back to the 1940s and 1950s. The paper delves into exploring family dynamics and human behaviours in Mitch Albom’s For One More Day (2006). Through the lens of Bowen’s family systems theory (BFST), we utilize three concepts and aim to illuminate the intricate interplay of relationships within the family unit, encompassing the roles of the father, mother, and the protagonist himself. We proceed to investigate the transmission of emotional issues from the parents to the child, which culminates in Chick’s adoption of emotional cutoff as a coping mechanism. This study contributes to the understanding that people’s thoughts, emotions, and actions are shaped by the complex relationships rooted in their family of origin. The unresolved emotional issues within the family unit can jeopardise other new relationships. BFST sheds light on this dynamic relationship, making us understand that it is not just about identifying the cause of the problems but more about resolving the problems and finding solace through a proper closure to the unresolved trauma within the familial context.

Emotive dominants of literary text: functional status

The article is devoted to the value-semantic space of a literary text in the implementation of emotive dominants that reflect the author’s intention. The purpose of the study is to determine the functional status of emotives of different levels of text affiliation. The priority research methods are the methods of textual analysis and philological interpretation, which allows us to consider a literary text, including outside the explication of the author’s assessment, as the realization of important value meanings of the character and the author, which have an emotional impact on the reader. During the analysis of the text of the story by A.P. Chekhov’s ‟The Black Monk” it was revealed that the functional status of emotive dominants is generally limited by the functions of the character’s emotional assessment and the pragmatic impact of emotive meanings on the reader. Textual emotiveness is capable of representing not only the momentary states of the characters associated with one or another episode of plot action. The author deliberately saturates the description of such situations with emotive markers, which correlate the emotional and spiritual experience of the reader and the character, which helps to activate the recipient’s memories and a new experience of the events described in the literary text. Implicity of emotive meanings in the story by A.P. Chekhov’s ‟The Black Monk” allows us to focus the reader’s attention on the value meanings of the text, which are only indirectly determined in their formation by external plot events. Analysis of the emotive dominants of the text of the story “The Black Monk” helps to identify not only the functional-semantic nature of the category of emotiveness, but also its plot- and text-forming role in a literary text, which opens up broad prospects in the study of textual emotiveness.

Strategies of Rendering Realia in Mediated Literary Translation

Literary texts contain a variety of culture-specific elements requiring special background knowledge on the part of translators. In particular, the issue of realia translation poses certain challenges in mediated literary translation, as in this case the translator has to deal with transferring the source message into the target language through an intermediary text. The investigation is aimed at studying the notion of realia and identifying the strategies of their faithful conveyance in translation through an intermediary language. The findings of the article reveal that mediated translation may sometimes complicate the problem of ensuring adequate cross-cultural interaction between the writer and the reader, as the intermediary language inevitably interferes with this process leaving its imprints on the final target text. The corpus selected for this paper comprises the Russian translation of J.D. Salinger’s “The Catcher in the Rye”, the Armenian mediated translation from that Russian version and the Armenian translation from the original. The following methods have been applied in the present investigation: comparative analysis to find out similarities and differences in the translators’ application of various translation strategies, and the method of deductive research to study various transformations made in the process of translation to achieve equivalence in rendering realia.

Types of Conceptualization of Horror in the Genres of Country Noir and Southern Gothic

The relevance of considering the semantic content of the concept of horror, which connects the genres of country noir and southern gothic into a single subsystem of cultural semiotics, is due to the need for a more detailed study of the specifics of both the generalizing concept itself and its role in specific genres of literature and cinema. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to trace the features of the semantic registers of disclosing various types of horror in the philosophical and hermeneutic field of the genres of country noir and southern gothic. To do this, 1) the theoretical foundations for the conceptualization of horror in these genres are determined and the key elements and mechanisms of concept implementation are identified; 2) the narrative and metaphorical series of deployment of the concepts are analyzed within the framework of the lifeworlds of the characters in literary texts constructed by the authors; 3) philosophical and hermeneutic layers through which these concepts are revealed in selected genres are identified. The research methods are based on philosophical-hermeneutic, conceptual, and narrative approaches in the analysis of a number of works, chosen by their genre and the degree of their relevance for a particular type of conceptualization of horror. For example, the works No Country for Old Men by Cormac McCarthy, Winter’s Bone by Daniel Woodrell, The Salt of the Earth by Flannery O’Connor, The Last Good Kiss by James Crumley, The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner, as well as the movie What Josiah Saw. The sequence of works referred to in the text is determined by the sequence of presentation of the types of the concept of horror. As a result of the study, the hypothesis was confirmed that the conceptualization of horror as a violation of the usual course of determination reveals itself in three versions of the ontologizing of this experience: horror of an uncertain world (determination dependent on the frame of perception of the subject, acting as an expression of the radical external, outside the power of the subject), horror of an indefinite self (determined as the order of the surrounding world with uncertainty in the inner world of the individual), horror of invasion (determination to displace each other). The conclusion is that the study of horror as a result of a violation of the usual course of determination in the context of country noir and southern gothic allows not only to identify their implicit philosophical and cultural component, but also to better understand these genres, as well as expand the theoretical basis for the analysis of similar phenomena in other cultural and literary traditions.

Adaptation of Amrita Pritam’s novel “Pinjar”: A comparative study of film “Pinjar” and Drama Serial “Khughi”.

Partition of the Subcontinent triggered a literary text, that still is ongoing. Soon after partition, it was especially fiction (novel and short story) that brought forth the horribles stories in different angles. Later, television and cinema used this fiction for adaptation. There are many short stories and novels which have been adapted by both of the countries. The present research is a comparative study of a film and tv play based on the novel ‘Pinjer’. The study applies the theory of Refraction and the theory of Ideological State Appratus and draws its conclusions.

‘As I Learn from you, I Guess You Learn From Me’: Three Modernists on the Teaching of English

Abstract The subject of this essay is the way modernist literary texts represent and think about the teaching of English, especially when it is conceived as a subject grounded within relational pedagogies and experiences of collaboration and interdependence between student and teacher. I begin with an autobiographical reflection on my own experience of teaching a text that calls attention to its pedagogical import, before outlining a view of English that resonates with the work of D.W. Winnicott as well as an existing body of education-focused scholarship in modernist literary studies. The first of three examples at the centre of the essay comes from the long work of experimental modernist fiction Pilgrimage by Dorothy Richardson, who depicts a moment of English teaching based around friendship and equality. The next section examines a moment from D.H. Lawrence’s novel The Rainbow, in which the young Tom Brangwen undergoes a deep and troubling experience listening to his teacher read Shelley’s poem ‘Ode to the West Wind’. The final section reads Langston Hughes’s poem ‘Theme for English B’ as a parable of dialogic learning.

Translation Quality Assessment of Literary Texts: A Critical Analysis of Two Recent Arabic Translations of Orwell's Animal Farm (1945)

This article aims to assess and evaluate the quality of two recent Arabic translations of George Orwell's Animal Farm (1945), the first one by Mohammed Hasan Alawi (2019) and the second one by Hiba Fathi (2020) using House's (2015) Translation Quality Assessment model. A mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative methods was employed. The qualitative method involved conducting a comparative analysis between the profiles of the source text and the two translations employing House's model (2015) to identify mismatches at the register parameter. The quantitative method was employed to quantify the overtly erroneous errors and determine whether statistically significant differences exist in the mean number of these errors between the two translations. The findings of the study show numerous mismatches, particularly at the three dimensions of register (field, tenor, and mode) which to some extent affected the ideational and interpersonal components of the textual function in both translations. The findings also indicate statistically significant differences between the two translations in terms of the frequency of overtly erroneous errors. The second translation exhibited a higher number of such errors compared to the first translation, primarily resulting from the breach of the target language system. The study concluded that the second translation was less adequate compared to the first translation.

ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ БІРЛІКТЕРДІҢ КӨРКЕМ МӘТІНДЕГІ ҚОЛДАНЫСЫ

Abstract. The article discusses the use of phraseological units in a literary text. It is obvious that the winged words, Proverbs, sayings, sentimental reasoning, thoughtful, key examples, phraseologisms found in our language are all stable expressions due to their own characteristics, thoroughness of the phrase, constancy, etc. Scientists also study the conditions of Use and different transformations of phraseological units, their variability in speech and text. The article discusses the fact that phrases that come mainly from Kazakh phraseology in the form of wisdom, testament, proverbs are also widely used in language use. It is obvious that these studies attach special importance to the study of phraseology in conjunction with the worldview, cultural, historical, spiritual, material values of the nation. In the analysis of the semantic features of phraseology found in works of art, there is a comprehensive coverage of the human factor in the language. There are specific examples of positive and negative emotions that occur in a person, his speech skills, personal qualities of this character, social status in the public environment, mood, etc.are conveyed by figurative phraseological (stable) phrases in the language. A review of research on phraseology is also carried out, it is analyzed whether the definition of the stylistic functions of phraseology allows us to more deeply reveal the features of the author's creative methods, master the skill of accurate creation of artistic images and images using the artistic means of the language.

The Portuguese pluperfect: diversity of forms, polysemy and interaction with adjuncts

Abstract This paper discusses the contemporary use of the Portuguese simple and two compound pluperfect forms (with the auxiliary verbs ter, and haver) of the indicative mood in written texts. Four topics are addressed. First, the claim that the simple pluperfect is currently a defective paradigm lacking the third person plural; this claim is confirmed and substantiated by looking at specific distinguishing contexts in corpora. Secondly, the competition between the three pluperfect forms, in written contemporary European and Brazilian Portuguese; it is shown that – contrary to some frequent comments in the literature – all three forms still have widespread usage, and occur in a relatively balanced way, in the type of registers considered (newspaper writing, modern literary texts, modern literary translations), in both varieties of the language. Thirdly, as regards semantic polyvalence, the possible existence of a deictic rather than anaphoric (temporal) pluperfect; it is argued that this type of pluperfect does indeed exist, and deserves separate grammatical recognition. Fourthly, the well-known cases of ambiguity in structures with pluperfect and temporal locating adjuncts, where the latter can act either as markers of the past perspective point required by the pluperfect, or as markers of the location time of the described eventualities; facts in English and Portuguese are compared, with some differences highlighted.

WORLD LITERARY STUDIES AS A FIELD OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE: TRADITIONS AND TRENDS

Literature and art are continuously in search of new means of expression, and communication. In the process of renewal, artistic culture acquires new aesthetic principles, an artistic fusion of the objective and the subjective. The idea of a work in a realistic narrative sounds gradually, naturally. The plot develops around a fact that reveals the meaning of the work. The aesthetic assimilation of reality proceeds in several directions, in different genres of prose and poetry, drama and journalism, in a diverse creative manner, which is unique for each author of a work of art. The relevance of this article lies in the fact that it traces the evolution of the basic concepts of world literary criticism, which has its own scientific principles, systems of methods and terminology. Literary criticism and critical thought create a special associative field, confirming the importance of the transition in the literary process from ideology to issues of personal existence. Domestic and world literary studies are included in the research field of the humanities, but there are frequent attempts to absorb them into intensively developing interdisciplinary research. The scientific novelty of this research is seen in the generalization of the theoretical views on modern world literary criticism of major literary scholars and critics in Europe, the USA, the CIS countries, authors of sections of collective monographs of the Auezov Institute of Literature and Art «The latest foreign literature», «The world literary process of the 21st century», «Kazakh-American literary connections: current state and prospects», the textbook «The world literary process: content, directions, trends». The basis for the research is the scientific concepts of literary text analysis, theories of critical discourse analysis of literary works, existential criticism and others. Based on the analysis, review of the current state of the leading theoretical schools of world literary criticism (with cultural studies, literary criticism, structural poetics, the concept of semiosphere, theory of cultural transfer and others). It has been established that the science of literature has its own object of study, a special essence, which distinguishes it from the exact and natural sciences.