Literary Review Research Articles

Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: A Comprehensive Literary Review

Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) is a degenerative neuromuscular disease that costs 448 million dollars in the US annually to combat. Caused by the abnormal expansion of the CTG sequence located along the Dystrophia Myotonica Protein Kinase (DMPK) gene of chromosome 19, DM1 results in several different observable effects that include, but are not limited to cataracts, facial weakness, hypersomnia, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias. Symptoms are attributed to the rapid degeneration of muscles that leads to weakened control over the heart, lungs, gastrointestinal systems, and face. Treatments for DM1 are limited to minimizing morbidity such as through assistive mobility devices. In pursuit of a cure, pre-clinical models have provided a foundation for deeper investigations into the pathogenesis of DM1. Ongoing studies utilize molecular genetics and pharmacology to target the underlying molecular mechanisms, fortunately, many of these studies have shown potential in pre-clinical trials. Antisense therapy targets expanded trinucleotide regions and has demonstrated recovery of cardiac muscle in mice. CRISPR/SpCas9, when injected, has shown beneficial effects in several DM1 animal models. Furthermore, given the pre-clinical success of the novel pharmacologic agent AOC 1001, clinical trials have been initiated and are ongoing. Unfortunately, due to the nuances and difficulties in treating DM1, there is currently no Food and Drug Administration-approved disease-modifying therapies, and as such DM1 represents a growing public health concern.

Risk Factors and Main Aspects of Lipid Metabolism Disturbances (Literary Review)

Dyslipidemia is a disease characterized by a violation of the ratio of atherogenic and non-atherogenic lipoproteins, which tends to develop in modern society. In modern medicine, it has been proven that dyslipidemias include a wide range of disorders, and they play a leading role in the development of cardiovascular and neurological diseases with severe complications. This factor alone or in combination with other factors creates the risk of atherosclerosis. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the detection and treatment of elevated total cholesterol (TC) and LDL cholesterol. However, it has been proven that other forms of dyslipidemia can also cause the development of diseases.

Multiparametric immunohistochemical analysis in cancer diagnosis (literary review)

Multiparametric immunohistochemical analysis in cancer diagnosis (literary review)

Use of stories and metacognitive strategies to promote positive school life

Developing personal and social skills in a school environment is indispensable in the learning process. Therefore, the objective of this article is to present a literature review of the use of storytelling and metacognitive strategies to promote positive school coexistence. The research is basic, with hermeneutic phenomenological design, literary review technique, and card use to register fifty-four scientific articles consulted from Scielo, Redalyc, ProQuest, and Dialnet since 2019. The results show the story as a didactic resource that favors reading comprehension and facilitates written, verbal, and gestural communication, developing creativity and integration capacity with metacognitive strategies that promote self-regulation and social cohesion bonds. In conclusion, a positive school coexistence is based on inclusive relationships and respectful language where diversity and different personal and social skills are valued under harmonious environments that strengthen socialization.

The Cadaveric Study of ‘Guda’ to Certitude Sushrutokta “Gudavalitraye”

The lowest part of the gastrointestinal tract is formed by the rectum and anal canal. Useful components of the food are absorbed and waste material is expelled from the anus; which is the external opening of the anal canal seen in the perineum. Anal canal is heavily guarded by the sphincters and is subjected to many maladies. Balanced food at proper timing decreases these maladies. The knowledge of anatomy and physiology is essential for the benefit of the body as this knowledge gives insight for the maintenance of healthy body and its treatment and hence expert highly recommends the anatomical and physiological understanding of the body. In the literary review, it is found that though anatomically the length of rectum and anal canal is 16cms according to modern view but according to Ayurvedic view the length of Guda is 4 ½ Angula which is roughly 9 cm so only lower 6 cm of rectum and 3 cm of anal canal is considered as Guda.

The Influence of Charter Schools on Education Equity in America

The historical issues that caused a long-lasting education equity issue in America have been relieved by the emergence of charter schools as a popular alternative to traditional public schools. This study aims to analyze the influence of charter schools on educational equity in the United States. The research involved a literary review, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative analysis from reports done by experts in educational equity. This paper will first define the systemic issues of education inequality. Next, the paper will compare the situation of education equity before and after the emergence of charter schools. Then, the paper will identify the reason why charter schools can enhance educational equity in the United States. Finally, this paper will offer constructive suggestions targeting some existing drawbacks of charter schools for improving educational equity in the United States. Overall, this paper finds that charter schools have a positive influence on enhancing educational equity in America.

An eyeshot on the role of Millets in healthy lifestyle - A Literary Review

In today’s lifestyle, many new diseases are emerging day by day. To overcome these diseases or to maintain the health of an individual, an important key component is Traya Upastambha (three pillars of Ayurveda) i.e., Aahar (food), Nidra (proper sleep) and Brahmacharya. Aahar is one of them. Proper intake of Aahar plays an important role in maintaining the health of an individual and adding Millets in our Aahar or diet is one of the strategies of lifestyle modification to maintain the health of an individual. Acharyas has mentioned twelve categories of Aahar in which millets are to be considered in Trinadhanya and Kshudradhanya of Dhanyavarga. The nutrient profile of Millets is higher than the other cereals. They are rich fibre content, magnesium, phosphorous, vitamins, low calorie and gluten free property. Also, qualities of Kshudradhanya have been mentioned in Ayurvedic classics like Ruksha, Dhatushoshana, Lekhan, due to which they have been indicated in Santarpanjanya Vyadhi i.e., Prameha (Diabetes), Sthoulya (overweight), Medo Roga. Hence, this analysis may help in understanding the benefits of Millets and the most importantly the right way to use millets with precautions to maintain the healthy lifestyle and reduces the risk of lifestyle disorders.

Valuable Vice: Kierkegaard on Collective Envy in A Literary Review

In this paper, I explore Kierkegaard’s views on envy as developed in A Literary Review, by confronting them with the capital vices tradition. I begin by developing a basic account of envy that serves as a point of reference throughout the paper. I then turn to the capital vices tradition, elaborating the concept of a capital vice, and discussing the views of Basil of Caesarea, Evagrius of Pontus, John Cassian, Gregory the Great, and Thomas Aquinas on envy’s viciousness. Subsequently, I discuss Kierkegaard’s treatment of envy in A Literary Review, exploring two of its key notions—‘the public’ and ‘leveling’—through a reading of L.P. Hartley’s novel Facial Justice (1960). In the final part of the paper, I show that the originality of Kierkegaard’s account of envy consists both in its character as a collective vice and its evaluative status as vicious yet valuable.

Optimization and actualization of the algorithm for calculating integrated gas condensate field models

Simulation using the hydrodynamic simulator tNavigator with Network option currently allows solving many tasks in the field of integrated modeling. However, in the current solution of the integrated modeling problem, there are problems that force either to apply alternative calculation methods or to introduce assumptions. One of these problems at the moment is the impossibility of calculating temperatures in the collection network. The purpose of this article is to determine the relevance of the chosen problem, literary and technical reviews of possible solutions, as well as to propose a specific solution for updating and optimizing temperature calculations on the product collection network. The main solution considered in the article is to write a Python script for tNavigator that calculates current temperatures in connection with the integrated model, which eliminates the risks of reducing the project’s profit in existing models. The scientific novelty lies in the use of an effective way to solve this problem, which eliminates the need to use the Network tNavigator — PetEx RESOLVE — PetEx GAP bundle, which greatly slows down model calculations. The conclusion can be a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness and accuracy of the decision regarding the method using RESOLVE and GAP.

To the revision of the ISO 1999:2013 standard "Acoustics. Assessment of hearing loss due to noise exposure": an excessive correction for the "impulsiveness" of noise

Introduction. In connection with the development of measuring and computer technology, new opportunities and approaches are opening up to solve the problem of measurement, hygienic assessment, normalization and prediction of hearing impairment from exposure to unstable, in particular, pulse noise.
 The study aims to analyze the applicability of a model for assessing hearing loss based on the use of an excessive correction to the exposure of impacting noise, according to the draft ISO 1999:2023 standard.
 Materials and methods. The scientists have conducted an expert and analytical comparative analysis of ISO 1999 standards, which define the basis for assessing hearing loss due to noise exposure. The experts have carried out a literary review of domestic and foreign sources on the problem of using the index of the distribution of instantaneous values of sound pressure — excess to assess constant and non-constant noise, as well as its role in the formation of hearing loss under the action of non-Gaussian pulse noise, the applicability of the prediction model of the ISO 1999 standard to various types of noise exposure.
 Results. The scientists presented the results of the analysis of: indicators for assessing the adverse effects of non-constant, including pulse noise; the relationship between the effects of non-Gaussian noise and the constant shift in the hearing thresholds of workers; statistical indicator of excess — an indirect indicator of the temporal structure of noise, a significant risk factor in combination with noise exposure in the assessment of hearing loss.
 Conclusion. Revision of the ISO 1999:2013 standard with the introduction of a new indicator of the temporal structure of noise — kurtosis, will improve the accuracy of the method of predicting hearing loss when exposed to constant, non-constant noise, including impulsive.
 Ethics. In preparing the article, the authors were guided by the ethical principles of medical research set out in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association of the last revision.
 Limitation. Features of ISO 1999 standards dedicated to the assessment of the impact of industrial noise and the assessment of noise-induced hearing impairment.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ НАСЛІДКИ ПЕРЕНЕСЕНОЇ АМПУТАЦІЇ КІНЦІВОК: ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ

This work contains a literary review, which systematizes the knowledge about psychological consequences of limb amputation, the pathopsychological characteristics of people who had limb amputations and comorbid symptoms of mental disorders. We conducted a literary analysis on the topic under study, which includes sources published in the last 5 years. PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases were analyzed. From 96 analyzed sources we included 28 that reached our inclusion criteria. Overall, psychological distress experienced by people after limb amputation is a very relevant and underestimated problem in the medical community. Significant criterion in the context of the research topic is also the clinical and psychological characteristics of individuals, which has a significant impact on the specifics of the psychological consequences of amputation. Thus, the emergence of negative psychological consequences and mental disorders after amputation is due to the characteristics of the premorbid personality, such as certain psychological personality traits, coping strategies, comorbid mental and somatic diseases. The age of the amputees, the availability of social support, as well as the reasons, type and level of amputation were also mentioned as important factors. Distorted perception of the body scheme, social stigma and negative emotional reactions are also the direct psychological consequences of amputation in the studied category of persons. The most common mental disorders include PTSD, anxiety, depression, and substance use disorder. Among the somatic symptoms of amputation, attention should be paid to the consequences of functional limitations, sexual dysfunctions and phantom pain.

Del's Growth: A Typical Example of Construction of Female Self-consciousness—A Postmodern Feminist Analysis of Lives of Girls and Women

Alice Munro is a famous contemporary Canadian women writer and the winner of 2013 Nobel Prize in literature. She is known as the ""master of contemporary short stories"". Munro is very concerned about the life experience of ordinary women. She always focuses on the daily trifles and details of ordinary women and describes their journey from a girl to a wife in detail, especially focusing on the psychological fluctuations and twists and turns of women. They seem fragile, but they are persistent. Munro's works are full of postmodern feminism, focusing on women's self-awareness and subjective conscious construction.
 From the perspective of postmodern feminism, the thesis focuses on the gradual formation and evolution of the heroine's self-consciousness in Alice Munro's only ""full-length"" novel Lives of Girls and Women in the process of growing up from a girl to a woman, and how female images to jump out of the hierarchy, logical structure and linear narrative surrounded by men's words and begin to express own world.
 The introduction gives an overview of Alice Munro and the novel Lives of Girls and Women, literary reviews at home and abroad, some key elements in postmodern feminism, and the significance of this thesis.
 The body section consists of three chapters: Chapter One focuses on ""Del observes the adult life"". Through Del's observation, the life of Uncle Benny's wife, two aunts, her mother and the teacher unfolded. Chapter Two analyzes ""Self-consciousness of Del begins to construct"". Del gradually began to grow up. The awakening of sexual consciousness, the doubt of belief and the excavation of herself have gradually become the theme of this adolescent girl's life. Chapter Three revolves around ""Establishment and Perfection of her self-consciousness"". Finally, she got rid of her fantasy and self-deception, her past mistakes and perplexity, and left home to start her real life.
 The conclusion part summarizes that from the perspective of postmodern feminism, the self-growth and consciousness awakening of Del is how women break away from the role of ""good women"" who meet the social expectations and find their own real nature. Munro challenges the forces we take for granted and shakes the foundations of our lives. Women perceive the world in a way different from men and resist the grandeur of history with daily trivialities. Munro constructs women's value expresses her voice and embodies her choice of will by transcending feminism and returning to women's ontological experience.

Hemopericardium after coronary artery stenting: clinical observations and literature review

Currently, at least 5,000,000 patients with coronary artery disease undergo percutaneous coronary interventions with stent implantation every year in the world, and more than 200,000 in Russia. Dissection and perforation of the coronary artery are quite rare, but they are very dangerous complications leading to the development of hemopericardium with cardiac tamponade, cardiogenic shock, myocardial infarction, various arrhythmias and death. The frequency of cardiac tamponade in interventional cardiology, according to various authors, ranges from 0.1 to 3.0% of all interventions. The frequency of deaths cited in the literature also varies greatly (0–20–40%). At the same time, there are no special registers that accumulate data on coronary artery perforations in concrete countries and in the world as a whole. Unfortunately, today, there is still no clear algorithm for identifying high-risk patients, the necessary timing of their intensive follow-up is not clear, and the criteria for choosing between conservative, angiosurgical and operative treatment tactics are not defined. In addition to a literary review of recent sources on this topic, the article presents 3 clinical cases of hemopericardium development in elderly patients at different times after percutaneous interventions, with different symptoms and with different outcomes. The observations illustrate the variability of symptoms, the complexity of diagnosis and treatment, and also touch upon the issues of a multidisciplinary approach with the participation of specialists of different profiles (X-ray angiosurgeons, cardiac surgeons, intensive care specialists, cardiologists and doctors of functional diagnostics).

The Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Endoscopic Ultrasound Connection: Unity Is Strength, or the Endoscopic Ultrasonography Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Concept.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are both crucial for the endoscopic management of biliopancreatic diseases: the combination of their diagnostic and therapeutic potential is useful in many clinical scenarios, such as indeterminate biliary stenosis, biliary stones, chronic pancreatitis and biliary and pancreatic malignancies. This natural and evident convergence between EUS and ERCP, which by 2006 we were calling the "Endoscopic ultrasonography retrograde colangiopancreatography (EURCP) concept", has become a hot topic in the last years, together with the implementation of the therapeutic possibilities of EUS (from EUS-guided necrosectomy to gastro-entero anastomoses) and with the return of ERCP to its original diagnostic purpose thanks to ancillary techniques (extraductal ultrasound (EDUS), intraductal ultrasound (IDUS), cholangiopancreatoscopy with biopsies and probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE)). In this literary review, we retraced the recent history of EUS and ERCP, reported examples of the clinical applicability of the EURCP concept and explored the option of performing the two procedures in only one endoscopic session, with its positive implications for the patient, the endoscopist and the health care system. In the last few years, we also evaluated the possibility of combining EUS and ERCP into a single endoscopic instrument in a single step, but certain obstacles surrounding this approach remain.

Signs of fatigue and fatigue, their causes and prevention

Relevance. Nowadays, the problem of fatigue and fatigue is very relevant. A person works and rests, but constant stress at work can cause fatigue and reduce the body's working capacity. Fatigue is a natural reaction of the body to intense activity and can lead to a deterioration in the quality of work. The efficiency of the body also decreases with increased fatigue.The purpose of the research is to examine the signs of fatigue and fatigue and determine whether fatigue is a normal reaction to stress or a consequence of a stress reaction to excessive stress.Methods and organization of research. The article provides a literary review of the causes and methods of preventing fatigue and fatigue.Conclusions. Fatigue and fatigue can be normal reactions of the body to physical or mental stress, lack of sleep or improper nutrition. However, they can also be signs of various diseases. The article considered the ways to prevent fatigue and fatigue, identified on the basis of various studies. By following these recommendations, you can reduce the risk of fatigue and fatigue and maintain high work efficiency and energy throughout the day.

Разработка искусственной нейронной сети для классификации ЭКГ

The paper presents a solution to the problem of developing an artificial neural network for classifying electrocardiograms in order to identify a patient's cardiovascular diseases. A literary review of the use of artificial neural networks for use in medicine in the determination of various cardiac pathologies in the condition of patients has been carried out. The most significant six parameters of the heart rhythm have been determined, which can be used in neural network modeling of the state of the human cardiovascular system. An analysis of the capabilities of well-known commercial programs for the classification of electrocardiograms was carried out, their advantages and disadvantages were identified. The capabilities of modern devices for taking cardiograms are described with an indication of the accuracy of their measurements. A study of three different structures of the desired neural network was carried out and the best option was chosen. The software package is made in Python in the Pycharm 2023.1 environment. The network was trained on the basis of the error backpropagation algorithm, the Adam method served as an optimizer. The standard deviation of the network output signal from the standard was used as a criterion. The Softmax function used in the output layer is used to convert the output of neurons into probabilities. Thus, a neural mathematical model for detecting heart diseases has been developed, which has low system requirements for a computer, which can be used to develop software for wearable electronics. An artificial neural network has the following metric: accuracy - 90%, sensitivity - 90%, specificity - 10%.

Features of regulation of hepcidin and ferroportin in cancer patients (literary review)

Background. The pathways of iron acquisition, outflow, storage and regulation are disrupted in cancer, which suggests that the reprogramming of iron metabolism is one of the central aspects of the survival of tumor cells.Aim. Is to review and generalize modern literature data on the regulation of hepcidin, ferroportin and prospects for the correction of iron metabolism in cancer patients.Materials and Methods. The paper presents the results of international and domestic studies of the peculiarities of iron metabolism and the prospects for its correction in cancer patients. The search for relevant sources was carried out in the web of Science, PubMed, Medline, eLibrary.ru systems for 1988–2023. Of the analyzed studies 61, the most relevant, were used to write a systematic review.Results. Over the past decade, a new understanding has emerged of the role of proteins, in particular hepcidin and ferroportin, which regulate cellular iron in cancer growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. New treatment methods with hepcidin-modifying strategies and stabilizers of hypoxia-induced factors are emerging, but their therapeutic efficacy for correcting iron metabolism in cancer patients needs to be evaluated and clinical trials.Conclusion. Analysis of the literature data has shown the high relevance of studies of the regulation of hepcidin and ferroportin in cancer patients and the need for further study of this problem.

Idiopathic omentum hemorrhage as a cause of hemoperitoneum

Hemorrhage into the large omentum is a general term for a pathological condition in which an omental artery and/or vein ruptures with bleeding into the abdominal cavity and/or forming an omental hematoma. There is a high probability of its diagnosis only during surgery. This is an extremely rare condition, which is described only in clinical case reports. There are primary and secondary omental hemorrhage. Secondary hemorrhage occurs due to various reasons, primary (idiopathic) in the absence of morphological changes that could lead to bleeding to the large omentum. The article is devoted to a rare case of idiopathic omentum bleeding complicated by hemoperitoneum, diagnosed intraoperatively. The article presents the results of a literary review of the last twenty years on English-language and Russian-language publications on omental hemorrhage, presented in the databases of PubMed and the Russian scientific electronic library (eLIBRARY.RU). According to the results of the analysis of the literature data, ultrasound can be used as a first-line imaging method to assess the presence of hemoperitoneum. But CT angiography is the method of choice in assessing acute intra-abdominal bleeding and determining the cause of bleeding due to its speed, availability and ability to diagnose alternative causes of abdominal pain, and it is also recommended to be performed in cases where ultrasound data do not allow to unambiguously establish the presence of bleeding or localize its source. Also, taking into account the age characteristics and gender of patients, the presence of bleeding into the omentum may be due to conditions such as cystic lymphangioma and interrupted ectopic pregnancy. Other causes may be vascular pathologies, tumors and anticoagulant therapy. When detecting signs of bleeding into the large omentum, in addition to determining the fact of hemoperitoneum and its volume, the most important tasks are to establish the causes of hemorrhage and differential diagnosis between idiopathic and secondary bleeding.

Consumer-Grade Electroencephalogram and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Neurofeedback Technologies for Mental Health and Wellbeing.

Neurofeedback, utilizing an electroencephalogram (EEG) and/or a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device, is a real-time measurement of brain activity directed toward controlling and optimizing brain function. This treatment has often been attributed to improvements in disorders such as ADHD, anxiety, depression, and epilepsy, among others. While there is evidence suggesting the efficacy of neurofeedback devices, the research is still inconclusive. The applicability of the measurements and parameters of consumer neurofeedback wearable devices has improved, but the literature on measurement techniques lacks rigorously controlled trials. This paper presents a survey and literary review of consumer neurofeedback devices and the direction toward clinical applications and diagnoses. Relevant devices are highlighted and compared for treatment parameters, structural composition, available software, and clinical appeal. Finally, a conclusion on future applications of these systems is discussed through the comparison of their advantages and drawbacks.

The Italian Collective Project In Literature, Architecture and the Visual Arts, 1968–77

Abstract During the tumultuous period in Italy between 1968 and 1977, known as the ‘long 68’, myriad alternative publications focusing on the narratives and the experiences of avant-garde groups, marginal communities, labour organizers and political activist circles gained widespread popularity. Among these, two significant literary and political reviews, I Quindici and Contropiano, played a pivotal role in these movements. My paper aims to analyse the aesthetic and textual makeup of these publications by examining the significance of these journals in the context of the explosive political climate that led to the cycle of protests in streets, schools and factories.