Literary Perspective Research Articles

Makeup, An Attempt to Reach Eternal Beauty; Plastic Surgeon's View.

In this paper, the authors aim to explore the reasons behind human makeup from both medical and literary perspectives. In a PubMed search for "makeup and cosmetics," 509 titles were identified. Of these, 64 abstracts were reviewed, and ultimately, 8 full texts were referenced. The poem "A Woman Young and Old" written by William Butler Yeats was analyzed. In Research Information Sharing Service (https://www.riss.kr), 4 full texts about the poem "A Woman Young and Old" were found and referenced. Common motivations for using makeup include enhancing natural features, boosting confidence, expressing creativity, covering imperfections, fulfilling cultural and social expectations, and meeting professional requirements. Makeup can make women appear younger. Makeup enhances the reward value of human facial appearance. Makeup can conceal blemishes, scars, dark circles, and other skin imperfections, resulting in a more even and flawless complexion. In a poem by Yeats "A Woman Young and Old," he describes a young woman applying makeup and captures a moment in which she engages in the ritual of enhancing her beauty. The line "I'm looking for the face I had before the world was made" speaks to a longing for something beyond the mundane, a yearning for a deeper connection with existence. "Before this world was made" is a typical poetic turn of phrase that compares women to eternal beauty. The reasons why women use makeup are diverse and multifaceted, reflecting a combination of personal preferences, societal influences, and individual motivations. Makeup can be a powerful tool for expressing oneself, boosting one's confidence, and enhancing one's natural beauty.

Analysing the English usage guide tradition: Robert Browning’s language as a potential target for prescriptivists

ABSTRACT J. Lesslie Hall’s English usage (1917) is an early example of an English usage guide whose approach is – unusually for the text type – strictly descriptive. Based on an analysis of the usage of a large variety of literary and non-literary texts from the Middle English period onwards, Hall presents an enormous array of usage data with the intention of allowing his readers to decide for themselves as to the appropriateness of the feature in question. One author who stands out in the book for his preference for what developed into a much contested construction, the split infinitive, is the well-known nineteenth-century poet Robert Browning. Much studied though he is from a literary perspective, Browning’s language as such has rarely been the topic of linguistic research. For all that, it is generally considered unusual, and consequently would be expected to have attracted the criticism of usage guides. In this paper, and drawing on the HUGE database of English usage guides and usage problems, I will focus on the question of to what extent this is indeed the case.

Beyond the Ultima Thule on the Open Sea: the Chinese and Western Encounters in Trans-cultural Literary Perspectives

Abstract Utilizing ancient Chinese, Latin, and Greek literary sources, this paper examines the interconnected evidence relating to maritime trade from the late 2nd century bc to the 6th century ad. By analyzing the similarities and differences found in texts regarding regions from the South China Sea to the Indian Ocean, the paper explores aspects that transcend the geographical boundaries of both Chinese and Greco-Roman civilizations, with the goal of throwing light on the flourishing of Sino-Roman maritime trade during late antiquity.

THE ANALYSIS OF JONATHAN SWIFT'S GULLIVER’S TRAVELS: A LITERARY EXPLORATION

Jonathan Swift's Gulliver’s Travels is a profound satire of 18th-century society, politics, and human nature, portrayed through the adventures of Lemuel Gulliver. The article analyzes the transformation of Gulliver’s character, from a rational man to a disillusioned misanthrope, in the context of Swift’s critique of Enlightenment ideals. By exploring the literary perspectives of prominent scholars, the article sheds light on Swift’s use of satire to challenge the intellectual and political climate of his time.

지속가능발전교육과 연계한 민요 지도방안 - 위도 가래소리의 가사에 담긴 생태관 탐구를 중심으로

This study seeks for a teaching method to explore the value of the ecological perspective contained in Korean folk songs as part of sustainable development education. Korean folk songs, as an oral literature, reflect that Koreans in the past lived a life in harmony with nature. In particular, analyzing the lyrics presented in a single folk song from a literary perspective, we can broadly examine various perspectives on nature. Therefore, among the folk songs included in elementary school textbooks, “Garaesori” has been selected as a piece directly related to the ecological environment and then suggested for educational use. “Garaesori”, a fishery song, used to be performed in the ritual called Wido-ttibaennori to pray for a good catch and well-being, so it helps understand what kind of ideas ancestors had about nature. Through the process of analyzing and understanding the meaning contained in folk songs, we would be able to acquire the ecological view of the Koreans who wanted to live in harmony with nature with a sense of awe for nature. Starting with this study, I hope that the research that can guide the ecological view contained in folk songs will continue to create educational conditions that one can sympathize with sustainable development and practice a life friendly to nature.

Arab-Latin American Literary Perspectives on the Palestinian Exile

Latin America has been deeply involved in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with some countries taking a firm stance for one side or the other. While some countries have been vocal in their support, common threads run through the region’s perspective on the conflict: believing in the importance of a two-state solution and focusing on human rights. But beyond the political and economic support provided to the Palestinian cause, Latin American countries have also served as cultural exclaves and safe spaces for Palestinian communities across Latin America. In this essay, we aim to delve into the functions of these cultural exclaves for Palestinian exiles and safe spaces for Palestinian diasporic communities, as well as their impact on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, as reflected in the following texts: Miguel Littin’s documentary film Crónicas palestinas: caminos de la ira (2002) and his drama film La última luna (2005), Alberto Nazal’s Beit Jala Forever (2006), and the collections of Arab and Jewish short stories in Spanish complied in the books Caminos para la paz (2007), edited by Ignacio López-Calvo and Cristián H. Ricci, and Delta de las areas (2013), edited by Rose Mary Salum. [Article copies available for a fee from The Transformative Studies Institute. E-mail address: journal@transformativestudies.org Website: http://www.transformativestudies.org ©2024 by The Transformative Studies Institute. All rights reserved.]

THE MORAL DIMENSION REFLECTED IN THE SONGS TOMORROW AND WHALIEN 52 BY BTS

Music is an important component of human existence. It has the power to change the listener's mood and evoke emotions. This is a reflection of human love for the beauty of rhythm. To fully appreciate the beauty of music, the lyrics and rhythm must be in harmony with the listener's emotions. This research analyzes the moral meaning of BTS's "Tomorrow & Whalen 52". The approach of data collection adopted is observation, while the technique utilized involves listening and recording the outcomes of the analysis. In analyzing the data, data was taken from lyric quotes in the songs. The aim of this study was to explore the ethical implications of a particular song, and the researcher used qualitative methods for data collection. The data obtained will be analyzed using Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic theory. Some of the moral messages the writer found in the songs "Tomorrow" and "Whalien 52", include the importance of perseverance, self-love, and self-disclosure with others. In writing this article, the writer hopes to achieve theoretical, academic, and practical significance for the writer and readers in at least three ways: personally, academically (literature), and practically (people in general). Personally, this article can provide insight from a literary perspective, especially regarding the meaning of morals, which we hope will be useful for other people.

Stroganov, M. (2023). Tver and environs after Pushkin: Essays on regional history through Pushkin studies. Tver: SFK-Ofis. (In Russ.)

The review discusses M. Stroganov’s new book of essays devoted to the problems of Pushkin studies by Tver-based scholars. The book includes written records about Pushkin’s contemporaries penned by the regional historians V. Mirolyubov and S. Fessalonitsky and treated as original sources, as well as N. Zhuravlyov’s account of the preparations for the centennial anniversary of Pushkin’s death in 1936. It is worth mentioning that the book also features documents invaluable from historical and literary perspectives: namely, family legends in the reminiscences of the Vulf clan: A. Ponafidina, O. Vulf, A. Bolt, and V. Bubnova. In his preamble to their publication, the author specifies the characteristics of family legend as a type of memoir and their genesis. Polemizing with the 20th-c. Pushkin scholars from Tver (G. Khodakov, N. Tsvetkov and others), Stroganov deconstructs the popular mythological notion of Pushkin’s itinerary in the Tver region and corrects the attribution of a whole host of poems allegedly written during Pushkin’s stay in the area.

Informaticist or Informatician? A Literary Perspective.

Informaticist or Informatician? A Literary Perspective.

„A Tender Narrator” by Olga Tokarczuk from a Theoretical and Literary Perspective

The article is an attempt at a multi-layered analysis of the category of the „sensitive narrator”, whichOlga Tokarczuk coined in her Nobel speech. This concept has been widely discussed by literarycritics, but it still calls for some kind of synthesis. The article seeks to answer the question whetherthe „sensitive narrator” can be considered a linguistic category or whether this concept shouldbe treated as a metaphor referring to the duties of contemporary literature.

EKSPLORASI PENOKOHAN DAN KONFLIK INTERPERSONAL DALAM NOVEL PERANG BUBAT KARYA AAN MERDEKA PERMANA

The urgency for innovation in senior high school literature teaching materials has prompted this research. Historical novels with a psychological literary perspective are still rarely used as teaching materials. Hence, this research focuses on analyzing the characterization and conflicts in Aan Merdeka Permana's novel Perang Bubat as an alternative teaching material for senior high school literature. Employing a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, this research gathered data in the form of words and analyzed it using Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The analyzed characters include Dyah Pitaloka, Hayam Wuruk, Gajah Mada, and Prabu Lingga Buana. The findings reveal unique character traits in the characters of Aan Merdeka Permana's novel Perang Bubat. These unique characteristics are classified into the id, ego, and superego. The research results were then transformed into senior high school literature teaching materials in the form of teaching modules and handouts. It is recommended that Aan Merdeka Permana's novel Perang Bubat be used as a teaching material for senior high school literature, particularly for grade XII, as an alternative to outdated teaching materials. The proposed teaching materials in this research are teaching modules and handouts designed to facilitate the understanding of the novel.

Subject Review on The Concept of Conflict in Death of a Salesman as Social Study by Miller: American Perspectives

The main purpose of subject review is to provide the literary perspective about the conflict of Death of a Salesman by Miller. This subject review is going to highlight the concept of conflict as the social perspective and the analysis of this study will concentrate on the conflict theory as documentary analysis. This subject review will use the quotations by Miller's Death of a Salesman as the critical genera of literature. The scholar shows the literary biography of the playwright and his play as American perspective. The analysis will be documentary analysis and the model is conflict model by Karl Marx. In conclusion, it is found that Miller is as one of the great playwrights of American literature and his drama is as the mirror to reflect life of human being. For recommendations and future studies, this review is to highlight to other studies in various literature

Ocean and Beyond: A Benthic Imagination of the Black Historiography in August Wilson’s Gem of the Ocean and Henry Dumas’s “Ark of Bones”

Ocean can be read as a mnemonic text, from anthropological, historiographical, sociological, and literary perspectives, despite ocean being constructed, in our popular imagination, as a void –a ‘non-place’ in Mark Auge’s term.Ocean, in general, symbolizes chaos. The present studyseeks to identify the symbolic and material connotation of ocean water,recognizing how ocean becomes an integral part of African-American diasporic identity, cultural, and historiographic legacy, predicated on a mnemonic context, as represented in August Wilson’s play Gem of the Ocean and Henry Dumas’s short-story “Ark of Bones,” bringing out a literary-historical dimension of ocean water, closely linked with identity-formation.

Ben Okri’s Eco-Imagination in Every Leaf a Hallelujah (2021): An Afropolitan Approach

There are possibly myriad approaches to an examination of Sir Ben Okri’s African folktale, Every Leaf a Hallelujah (2021), that sings the praises of Mother Nature’s ability to transform human nature. Premised on the phenomenology of the eco-imagination that adopts Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka’s Imaginatio Creatrix as the pivotal force of the genesis/ontopoiesis of human life and reality, coupled with Arne Naess’s notion of “deep ecology” that likewise emphasises the intrinsic interconnectedness of all lifeforms and geophysical features on Planet Earth, the discussion shows that Every Leaf a Hallelujah implicitly explores the developmental phenomenology of perception via Achille Mbembe’s notion of Afropolitanism. It does this through the agency of the innocent prescience of a small Nigerian girl child, the seven-year-old Mangoshi who is attuned to the choral voices of nature. Writing against the rift of the prevalent Western belief in a nature that is utilitarian or where nature serves human needs, this article is embedded in an African eco-critical imaginary that investigates the interrelationship between human nature and Mother Nature from an Afropolitan literary perspective in which there is a mythic conjunction between humans and nature, as well as art and science. Echoing Tymieniecka’s phenomenology of life and the human creative condition, the argument concludes that Every Leaf a Hallelujah represents a significant contribution to contemporary discourse on conservation for sustainability.

Printed Riddles in Early Modern Italy: Traditional Perspectives and New Approaches

The purpose of the article is to draw attention to Italian riddles of the Renaissance. This publishing and literary genre has been studied especially from ethnological or literary perspectives. What is completely lacking, however, are studies that deal with how this literature was produced, how it circulated and who printed it. These perspectives are highly relevant: they make us realise that such texts were not only produced by the likes of Cervantes, Bembo or Shakespeare, but that riddles were often written, performed and printed by men who are now forgotten, sometimes not fully literate and often not from elites. The intention here is to place these writings in a methodological and historiographical framework that may lead to more in-depth study in the future.

Mobility and Public Transport in Post-independence Mozambican Fiction (1992-2022)

ABSTRACT This article analyzes representations of mobility and public transport in the following Mozambican novels: Terra Sonâmbula [Sleepwalking Land] (1992), O Outro Pé da Sereia [The Mermaid’s Other Foot] (2006) by Mia Couto, O Comboio de Sal e Açúcar [The Train of Salt and Sugar] (1999) by Licínio Azevedo, and Museu da Revolução [Museum of the Revolution] (2022) by João Paulo Borges Coelho. Despite the importance of mobility and public transport in these works, existing scholarship has not considered these themes but has opted for more traditional categories such as ‘travel’, ‘diaspora’, and ‘migration’. Focusing on the literary portrayals of public transport and infrastructure of mobility – i.e. buses, ships, and railway stations (Couto), a slow-moving train (Azevedo), and a Toyota Hiace car (Borges Coelho) – this article aims to demonstrate the central role that the mobility/immobility binomial plays in the representation of post-independent Mozambique. The main argument of this article is that the images of the railway, the road, automobility, and maritime travel are the literal driving force of the narratives and contribute to the (un)building of the national space. I use literary perspectives on mobility studies and world-system approaches developed within the framework of world-literature (Warwick Research Collective) to demonstrate that the tropes of mobility and the representations of public transport in the four novels register and encode the social, political, and economic transitions in Mozambique’s colonial and post-colonial history and its incorporation into the capitalist world-system.

Editorial Vol.16(1)

It is with great pleasure that we present to you Volume 16, Number 1, 2024, of "Voice: Biannual and Bilingual Journal” published by Autar Dei Chaudharain Research Centre (ADCRC) at Mahendra Multiple Campus, Nepalgunj, Banke, Nepal. Our journal continues to uphold its primary aim of facilitating the exchange of expertise among scholars on a global scale, fostering a dynamic platform for intellectual discourse across various disciplines. In this edition, we proudly present a multidisciplinary collection of 13 articles, with eight contributions in English and five in Nepali. This diversity reflects our commitment to linguistic inclusivity and our effort to bridge scholarly communities across different languages.The range of topics covered in this issue underscores the breadth and depth of academic inquiry being pursued by our contributors. Highlights include an in-depth analysis of the socio-economic impacts of policy changes in Nepal during the crucial decade of the 1990s, examining realism and societal dynamics in selected novels of Shashi Deshpande, and a stability evaluation of the Lanedada Twin Tunnel in KTFT, focusing on the structural stability and safety measures of a significant infrastructural project. Additionally, we have an exploration of alcohol use and its socio-economic and health effects in the Tharu community of Raptisonari Rural Municipality. There is also an analysis of historical and literary perspectives on trauma and displacement in Khushwant Singh's "Train to Pakistan." An exploratory study on how economic changes affect consumer behavior in the jewelry market of Nepalgunj adds a practical economic perspective. A comparative study on the reading comprehension abilities of Tharu and non-Tharu students’ sheds light on educational performance influenced by cultural and linguistic factors. Finally, a contemporary assessment of Nepal’s food sovereignty status and related policies offers valuable insights into current agricultural and food security challenges.For our Nepali readers, we offer a detailed exploration of classical Sanskrit poetics and theories of rasa, along with an analysis of the purpose and cultural significance of traditional songs in the Ribdikot area. There is a historical overview and critical examination of trends in Nepali short stories, a comprehensive look at the fifth part of the Vedapurana's gems, and an analysis of the ideologies presented in the novel "Basai."

Writing Social Activism in the Refugee Camp in Safi Abdi’s Offspring of Paradise

This article is a critical examination of Safi Abdi’s Offspring of Paradise (2003). It focuses on how Abdi employs a literary perspective to interrogate various socio-cultural and political dynamics in Somalia and their associated outcomes for Somalis. Abetted by close reading and contextual methods, the article explores how the narrative navigates between history and fiction by underscoring family as a domestic space entrusted with power in the making of the geopolitical nation and as a microcosm of the nation that expedites social activism in redressing nations ruined by wars. Using a postcolonial approach, I read how the novel uses the institution of the family as a metonymic space where characters negotiate existence and challenge the nation in an attempt to reconstruct the ‘failed’ nation of Somalia. The central argument of this article is that the novel imagines the family institution as a central pillar that not only complicates the identities of characters in a polarised cosmopolitan society but also plays a proactive role in reforming nations wracked by wars.

Nel verso impenetravi la | tua notte.

“Nel verso impenetravi la | tua notte” Notes for a Pasolinian heritage in Amelia Rosselli’s verses Amelia Rosselli and Pier Paolo Pasolini represent two of the most relevant characters of the second half of the Italian twentieth century. Their diversity and independence, as opposed to other cultural and literary perspectives of that time, are significant and allow for an interesting comparison, particularly with regard to their poetic contexts. Pasolini is always studied as a “complete” intellectual, while Rosselli is recognised as the poet of lapsus and trilingualism. The essay intends to analyse some noteworthy aspects of the relationship between them, starting from Pasolini’s role in introducing Rosselli to the public and proceeding to interpret Pasolini’s presence in several key passages of Amelia Rosselli’s work, from Variazioni belliche to Impromptu. The alleged dependence of Amelia Rosselli regarding the Pasolinian lexicon will be discussed. Pasolini couldn’t help but be astonished by her ability and diversity, even if he himself commits some mistakes of simplification, maybe caused by the excessive rush to be considered as the discoverer of an exceptional poet.

Pleasures of Liminality

Since the comprehensive theorization of liminality and its attributes by the Scottish anthropologist Victor Turner in the late 1960s and 1970s, the concept of liminality has been applied to more than the threshold experience of individuals. As liminality in general describes a state of transition, the concept has been expanded to include rather different spaces, genres, and conditions. In this article, I propose liminality as a threshold concept that might offer a new and different angle for looking at legal and literary fiction(s). Liminality might allow us to bridge the conceptual gaps between the disciplines with regard to the general use and function of fiction(s) and fictionality in law and in literature; it may thus prove to be valuable for interdisciplinary approaches in both fields. I will, however, not attempt to formulate a new theory of fiction, since in contrast to the numerous and not always successful attempts at defining fiction(s) and fictionality, I am not interested in locking down either phenomena in law and in literature, but rather in identifying and highlighting some common aspects. Liminality, I argue, lends itself profitably to the cross-disciplinary orientation of an approach which addresses both legal and literary perspectives. It appears to be particularly suited to bring out the functions of fictions and fictionality in both law and literature, which is ultimately to translate the merely imaginable into something conceivable.