Literary Life Research Articles

Review: Critical Rhythm: The Poetics of a Literary Life Form, edited by Ben Glaser and Jonathan Culler

Review: Critical Rhythm: The Poetics of a Literary Life Form, edited by Ben Glaser and Jonathan Culler

داچوون لە چەندبارەكردنەوەی گێڕانەوەدا بە نموونەی نۆڤلێتی (حەسار و سەگەكانی باوكم)ی شێرزاد حەسەن و ڕۆمانى (كەشتیی فریشتەكان)ی بەختیار عەلی

Literary digression in the narrative constitutes the main subject topic of this study. It is structured around two distinct novels, The Ship of Angels and The Farm and My Father’s Dogs by (Bakhter Ali and Sherzad Hassan ). The study explores unspoken issues regarding the Kurdish literary critics through aspects of aggression in the narrative. The aggression reconstitutes the literary life of characters as it is well represented in both novels. The study composed of an introduction, two parts and two sections. In the first part, the structure of the narrative has been discussed theoretically including the digression as one distinct type of the narration. The author has discussed the way in which the digression has been explored in the literary texts. In the second part, the author analysis the digressional texts in both novels. Finally, the study reaches to its conclusion and followed by the sources that have been used.

تركيب البيت الشعري في شعر أسرة آل وهب

The purpose of this research is to find out the compositional aspects of the poetic verse in the poetry of the family of the Wahb family, who are the class of writers in the Abbasid era. Their literature had a great position, and They performed a prominent role in the fields of literary life. A combination such as the composition of the poetic verse and the composition of the literary text as well as the technical image in simile, metaphor, and metonymy, and their literature also included the phonological level such as rhythm in poetry, poetic weight, rhyme, and internal music, and we preferred to devise and study the compositional aspects of the verses of the poetry of the Al-Wahb family, and composed the research from an introduction and five demands which are: (news, presentation and delay, deletion, interrogation, call) in which I studied the structural level.

Inter-genres in contemporary Vietnamese historical novels

In the development process and social movements, the literary genres do not exist independently but have interaction with each other. Novels are capable of performing genres interaction because “the novel allows to put into it many different genres, including artistic genres (short stories, lyric poems, epics, speech plays...) and non-artistic genres (literature in daily life, rhetoric, science, religion...)”[1]. Novels with traditional writing style about contemporary Vietnamese history (prominent writers such as Nguyen Xuan Khanh, Vo Thi Hao, Nguyen Mong Giac...), the interaction among literary genres is considered as the most common form. Typical forms of genre interaction in novels with historical themes are the interaction between short stories and novels, poetry and novels... Genre interaction expresses the writer’s sense of creativity and experience in the innovation requirement of literary life practice.

Reading and Writing on Reading and Writing: Short Poetry on Flyleaves in a Manuscript of the Metrical Grammar (DCA 00065)

Abstract The short pieces discussed in the paper were added between larger texts and on the flyleaves by the scribe himself. Thematically, the poems may be divided in two blocks: the first one contains poems on reading, studying grammar, and on the scribal activities, whereas the second one comprises poetry ascribed to Bar ʿEbrōyō on different topics. The manuscript under discussion – Bar ʿEbrōyō’s (1226–1286) Metrical Grammar (DCA 00065) – was written in 1552 by ʿAbdīšōʿ of Gāzartā, an East Syrian patriarch (1555–1570), poet and copyist. These small pieces forming short verse collections illustrate the complex processes that took place in the manuscript circulation and literary life during the Early Ottoman period. All the short poems were never published or studied before, and for that reason they are placed here in the Appendix in both Syriac original and English translation.

Reading and Writing on Reading and Writing: Short Poetry on Flyleaves in a Manuscript of the Metrical Grammar (DCA 00065)

Abstract The short pieces discussed in the paper were added between larger texts and on the flyleaves by the scribe himself. Thematically, the poems may be divided in two blocks: the first one contains poems on reading, studying grammar, and on the scribal activities, whereas the second one comprises poetry ascribed to Bar ʿEbrōyō on different topics. The manuscript under discussion – Bar ʿEbrōyō’s (1226–1286) Metrical Grammar (DCA 00065) – was written in 1552 by ʿAbdīšōʿ of Gāzartā, an East Syrian patriarch (1555–1570), poet and copyist. These small pieces forming short verse collections illustrate the complex processes that took place in the manuscript circulation and literary life during the Early Ottoman period. All the short poems were never published or studied before, and for that reason they are placed here in the Appendix in both Syriac original and English translation.

Masatua sebagai Salah Satu Kearifan Lokal Bali Untuk Melestarikan Bahasa Bali

<p><em>Masatua tradition means activities to tell satua or storytelling. The only things that were conveyed were the satua-satua that used Balinese. Satua Bali is one of the traditional Balinese art products that are given to children, but unfortunately the existence of the application of Balinese satua is currently very minimal even though Satua Bali is an ancestral heritage that should be preserved and preserved considering the moral values contained in this Balinese satua are very both in the formation of children's character and can also instill a sense of respect for children towards local culture and customs. However, life before was different from now. In this modern era, the Balinese masatua tradition has begun to fade and is certain to become a past story. Satua Bali, which used to be read by parents before the children go to bed, is different from the present condition, where the parents are so busy with their work that the masatua culture is slowly starting to be abandoned. Satua which is an oral literature that has become the culture of the Balinese people, especially what is called speech literature, which is the forerunner to the development and birth of literary life.</em></p><em>In this research, there are three problems studied, namely: (1) How is the Masatua tradition both formally and informally; and (2) The use of sor singgih in the Mesatua tradition. So based on the analysis that has been done, it can be seen and concluded that: (1) the masatua tradition is usually carried out before the child goes to sleep which occurs in the family circle. Masatua in non-formal activities, in this case in the family, is a traditional cultural activity. In formal activities, this masatua activity has occurred which has been packaged in learning activities. (2) The use of Balinese is closely related to the Masatua tradition, both formally and informally. It is very important to choose the vocabulary or level of the Balinese language so that it is used correctly and can be understood by listeners, namely the child in the family or students and even the general public.</em>

Separation Without End: Translated Excerpts from Surjit Sarna’s Book, Vichode Ban Gaye Sadiyan

This paper provides excerpts from a new translation of noted Punjabi poet Surjit Sarna’s book, Vichode Ban Gaye Sadiyan, written after the death of her husband, Mohinder Singh Sarna, also a noted Punjabi writer. The excerpts are organized around important places from Surjit Sarna’s life and her relationship with her husband, and not necessarily by chronology. They provide vignettes into daily life from that time, the impacts of Partition, and Punjabi literary life. The excerpts are preceded by a biographical introduction to Surjit Sarna’s life.

“Grammar is the bridge to all knowledge”: short poems on the flyleaves in a manuscript of the metrical grammar

The article examines short poems written in the hand of ʿAbdīōʿ of Gāzartā, East Syrian patriarch (15551570), poet and scribe, in his own copy of Bar ʿEbrōyōs Metrical Grammar (12261286). The short works in question were added by the scribe himself between the larger texts, as well as on the flyleaves. The question of the relation of these poems, as regards their contents, to the main text of the Metrical Grammar is essential. This paper discusses the poetic features of these short texts, mainly quatrains, which illustrate the complex processes in the literary life of Christian communities during the Ottoman period. In addition, a general typology of these previously unknown texts is constructed.

The Literary and Legendary Lives of the Onoe Bell

AbstractDuring the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a large eleventh-century bronze bell made in Korea became a grand attraction on the grounds of Onoe Shrine in Kakogawa, Japan. Although such bells are made of expensive material that require significant financial investment and technical skill, most are overlooked as common fixtures inside bell towers at Buddhist temples across Asia. Yet the bell at Onoe Shrine has a particularly complex and fascinating story to tell. Using object biography as an approach to study this unusual monument enables us to see how this bell became the popular subject of legends, travel-diary accounts, gazetteer entries, popular woodblock prints, and souvenirs made in a variety of materials. The bell's legendary life story accorded it the ability to solve human problems and use its voice to demand where it should be located, which fueled people's desire to see it with their own eyes and to make physical contact with it. This examination of the bell's intertwining life tales reveals how, after initially serving as a ritual object at a Korean Buddhist temple, it experienced dramatic transformations into a high-value export (or trafficked) commodity, Japanese poetic trope, shrine treasure, and tourist draw.

« Jamais plus ». Le Journal de deuil ou comment écrire la mort

This article aims to analyze the role of mourning in Barthes’s late work, insisting mainly on his Mourning Diary. We flesh out the writing specificities of this work, written in 1977 and published posthumously, trying to emphasize the tension between the need to express grief and its inexpressible sharpness. We attempt to outline the ways in which the experience of mourning reshapes the writing process and exerts a major influence on Barthes’s literary practice and life.

「바라죠프 백작부인」 속 올컷이 재건한 미국 재건시대

Louisa May Alcott’s literary life is one very exciting and thrilling suspense of its own. Her initial reputation as ‘the children’s friend’ came from one of the all-time favorites in English literature, Little Women. That reputation underwent a surprisingly shocking turn when her anonymous and pseudonymous publication of blood-and-thunder stories were discovered by Leona Rostenberg. The discovery soon paved the ground for rediscovering Alcott as one of the leading feminist writers of 19th-century America. Though a huge contribution to enriching Alcott studies as well as women’s studies, her rediscovery as such has seriously thwarted many other non-feminist approaches to her stories. This essay intends to widen the ground in Alcott scholarship by proposing to read her stories in a historicized way and tracing her unconventional view of the most influential event that happened in her life and career: the Civil War followed by Reconstruction. As much as critical were gender issues at the time, mid- and late-19th-century America was literally and figuratively overwhelmed by the conflict and reunion of the North and the South over slavery. So far, the history of the war and reconciliation has been recorded in favor of the North, who were to abolish racial discrimination in opposition of anachronistic Southern planters. Yet a recent generation of historians launched on rewriting it with equal consideration of the Southern causes while decentralizing racial issues from the position of the primary reason of the war as the North used to insist. This essay places Alcott’s much-overlooked story, “Countess Varazoff,” in relation with that rewriting and shows how Alcott the Northerner tries to look at the American policies of Reconstruction as a set of the North-directing imperialist projects of colonizing the South in that story. Alcott’s representation of the Polish countess’s persisting resistance to the despotic possessiveness of the Russian prince in “Countess Varazoff” turns out to be a call for unbiased and objective acceptance of differences within one nation of ‘democratic’ America.

“And I woke up”: a new book about Leo Tolstoy

The review notes that Irina Luchenetskaya-Burdina presents a wide panorama of the Russian cultural and literary life of the second half of the 19th century, in the context of which the artistic and journalistic heritage of Leo Tolstoy has been examined. The structure of the monograph is analysed, the breadth of coverage of the material is emphasised, as well as scientific approach to the studied problem, attractive to the general reader and at the same time promising. The review describes the range of problems considered by Irina Luchenetskaya-Burdina, the successful and non-trivial observations of the author of the new book are noted.

The Point of Reality and the Circle of Appearance

Abstract This article explains three major Sufi themes of Maḥmūd Shabistarī’s Gulshan-i rāz as connected by the point-circle metaphor that captures the illusory state of a circle formed by the fast motion of a point. Inspired by Ibn ʿArabī, Shabistarī employs this metaphor in his poetic presentation of the unity of being, the existential state of the human soul, and the bifurcation of religious knowledge and practice into exoteric and esoteric with its implications for the relation between prophethood and sainthood. The article explains these themes mostly in light of Shams al-Dīn Lāhījī’s renowned commentary, Mafātīḥ al-iʿjāz. The analysis of some key verses on the above themes in Shabistarī’s Gulshan-i rāz and the corresponding comments from Lāhījī demonstrates the significance of Akbarian Sufi philosophy in the intellectual and literary life of Persians since late medieval times.

The role of Polish writers from Lithuania in the development of Polish-Lithuanian literary relations in the 21st century

Poles are the largest national minority in Lithuania. Among them, several dozen people are involved in creating literature in Polish, and a dozen actively participate in literary life. Despite such a significant potential, the participation of this group in the development of Polish-Lithuanian literary relations was negligible until recently. Polish writers from Lithuania mainly participated in Polish literary life and published their works in Poland. They did not translate them into Lithuanian and did not participate in Lithuanian literary life. The text lists a few examples of the participation of Polish writers from Lithuania in creating literary contacts between Poland and Lithuania, as well as in translation and publishing activities in the field of Polish-Lithuanian literary cooperation. Only in recent years has the activity of Polish writers from Lithuania in this field increased significantly thanks to the involvement of the young literary generation.

Komunistiskās partijas kontroles mehānisms Latvijas Padomju rakstnieku savienībā: Žaņa Grīvas piemērs

It was in the interests of the Communist Party to create a representative image of Latvian Soviet writers, which would represent the interests of the party and at the same time oversee the course of literary life in the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union. Such was the writer Žanis Grīva in the Latvian Soviet literary process. The influential positions in the Soviet nomenclature gave him power in the creative environment and created opportunities to monitor the implementation of the Communist Party’s course. The article aims to put forward the personality of Žanis Grīva in the context of the research of the Latvian soviet literary process and the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union, proposing several issues to be further researched and developed in the future. The article is based on the documents of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union and the Communist Party local organization of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union, and the personal file of Žanis Grīva in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Latvia, and documents of the Žanis Grīva collection that are available at the Latvian State Archive of the National Archives of Latvia, as well as Žanis Grīva’s personal documents regarding his life and professional activities that are available at the Aleksejs Apinis Rare Books and Manuscripts Reading Room at the National Library of Latvia. Memories of contemporaries were also investigated. It is concluded that the role of Žanis Grīva in the Latvian soviet literary process and the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union is political and purposefully constructed by the Communist Party, and has little to do with literature and literary talents. It can be assumed that Žanis Grīva has negatively affected the creative activity of some members of the Writers’ Union, such as Gunārs Priede.

Poetic Updates In Uzbek Literature (On The Example Of Prose Masterpiece)

As a result of the renewal of national thinking, the events of life and the principles of the approach to the human person in Uzbek prose also changed and began to take on new forms. In a number of prose works, we find images of courageous people who have not lost their identity and faith over the years. At the same time, we are confronted with those who, under ideological pressure, have turned to "modernity", apostatized, deceived and become servants of a deceptive and violent ideology. We see that the hypocrisy inherent in such images is portrayed in all its horrors. It can be seen that in Uzbek prose works the attempt to reflect the unique nature, unique world, past and feelings of the nation has become a certain aesthetic principle, and such positive research serves as a basis for significant growth in prose. The works we have analyzed not only renew epic thinking in one way or another, but also serve as a basis for the emergence of new trends, currents and directions in literary life. As a result, it influences the development of socio-spiritual and artistic aesthetic thinking.

Jurgio Šaulio laiškai (1901–1907) Mortai Zauniūtei

This article is the analysis of Jurgis Šaulys’s letters to Morta Zauniūtė which are held in the Vilnius University library. These letters represent a lot of new details on all of their lives, personalities and creations. This article discusses the impact J. Šaulys had on all of their lives by analysing their correspondence. This article shows initial stages of J. Šaulys life as a cultural figure who will eventually be viewed as one of the most influential organisators of the literary life of the beginning of the 20th century.

Full of Whoosh

167 BOOKS IN REVIEW Full of Whoosh. Adam Roberts. H.G. Wells: A Literary Life. Palgrave Macmillan, LITERARY LIVES, 2019. x+452 pp. $24.99 pbk. $19.99 ebk. In this addition to Palgrave’s LITERARY LIVES, the publisher notes: “The books in this series are thoroughly researched and comprehensive, covering the writer’s complete oeuvre” while exploring its contexts “in an accessible and engaging way” (ii). Adam Roberts is certainly as comprehensive and engaging as anyone could wish, dealing in accessible language with 93 of the 107 books that H.G. Wells published over his long writing career. Just to have read Wells’s entire oeuvre is an achievement of which few Wellsians can boast (I certainly cannot.) It must be like taking on a marathon hike lasting months during which the weather gradually worsens, the trail becomes ever more overgrown, and the scenery gets drabber. In his Preface, Roberts explains why he undertook this daunting project. Like Wells, but a century later, he grew up on the Kentish periphery of London “a sickly, bookish youth” (viii) from an undistinguished background. Identification led to profound respect for Wells as a writer and “an equally genuine, if more conflicted, love for Wells the man” (ix). His passionate admiration for what he convincingly argues are Wells’s major achievements in almost every genre of prose fiction and non-fiction, and his qualified love for the small, ugly, bumptious, squeaky-voiced counter-jumper, whose personal behavior and public opinions still offend many people today, is evident everywhere in the book. Even if he cannot single-handedly restore Wells’s reputation or readmit him to the canon, Roberts does everything he can to register H.G.’s cultural influence on his time and to detail the benefits of reading widely in and about Wells. That said, there is a negative aspect of this book that I must deal with up front, because after all I am reviewing it in a particular context, namely for a scholarly sf periodical. Though this is a literary biography, Roberts notes at the start that “I make no claims to have uncovered any new material about Wells’s actual life” (v). This implies, of course, that as the book’s biographical aspect is largely dependent on existing studies, then its net worth is to be found in its literary commentary. Yet while this commentary is always engaging, it is not scholarly. Let me elaborate. Over the course of its 462 pages, Roberts does cite some of the major Wells biographical and critical studies. But consider: chapter 3 is entitled “Science Fiction” and deals with three works, The Time Machine (1895), The Wonderful Visit (1895), and The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896). Leaving aside for the moment two big generic questions raised by this grouping, let us look at the cited secondary sources for this chapter that, as is the practice in this volume, are listed in a Bibliography at the end of the chapter itself. There are only four entries in this chapter’s Bibliography, and only two—Norman and Jeanne MacKenzie’s 1973 biography of Wells and Leon Stover’s 1996 critical edition of The Time Machine—bear directly on the subject at hand. The generic questions that the chapter does not touch upon at all are: why is it now appropriate to discuss works of what Wells called scientific romance in a chapter entitled “Science Fiction”? And why is a 168 SCIENCE FICTION STUDIES, VOLUME 48 (2021) reading of The Wonderful Visit, a gentle proto-magical realist fantasy, included in this “Science Fiction” chapter, while discussion of, say, The War of the Worlds (1898), must wait until the next chapter, headed “Bicycles and Tripods”? As readers of SFS know, the bulk of Wells criticism is on the scientific romances, so one would think that Roberts, as both an academic and an sf novelist, would take particular care to build on existing work in these chapters. Is he deliberately downplaying the importance of the scientific romances in Wells’s oeuvre, as the author himself did later in life? No, I do not think so. It is simply that Roberts’s book is not intended as a work...

Literary, Socio-Political, and Material Everyday Life of the Editorial Board of the Russkoye Bogatstvo Magazine, Its Authors, and Staff between 1896 and 1900

This article introduces into scholarly circulation documents kept in the funds of the Scientific Research Department of Manuscripts of the RSL and the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art relating to literary, socio-political, and material life of the Russkoye Bogatstvo magazine. Along with documentary evidence of literary activity, these documents serve to clarify human preferences, assessments, relationships, and reveal the internal mechanisms of the editorial life of the magazine. The chronological period which the archival materials date back to (1896–1900) is a landmark in the history of the magazine when it first became a legal print medium of the Narodniks and, second, recovered the cooperative principle of its publication. Finally, during the period in question, the relations between the members of the editorial board began to be regulated progressively. Also, to a greater extent than before, all financial flows that passed through the editorial board started to be regulated legally organising the work of the editorial board which allowed the magazine to continue to exist despite the many difficulties — censorious, political, repressive — it had to face on its long and difficult way to the reader. The materials presented in the article tell about some episodes of the fate of the famous magazine under the changing historical conditions and clarify facts of human, literary, and financial relations in the editorial board, while a brief real commentary restores the historical and literary context of the facts described in these documents. The subject of the published documents is specific circumstances including economic ones of the editorial office of Russkoye Bogatstvo, which until now have rarely been the subject of historical and literary publications and articles.