Literary Factors Research Articles

La literatura en el marco de las neurociencias cognitivas. Nuevas perspectivas de estudio

El trabajo que presentamos surge a partir de una preocupación compartida por un equipo de académicos acerca de las dificultades en el aprendizaje de la lectura de los niños dominicanos, lo que dio como resultado la búsqueda de soluciones basadas en las propuestas más innovadoras de las neurociencias cognitivas que señala Stanislas Dehaene, prestigioso exponente de esta disciplina de estudio.Esta perspectiva de estudio transdisciplinar nos lleva, por otra parte, a revisar los resultados científicos en torno a la relación entre el hecho literario y la teoría de la mente, con la finalidad de diseñar aplicaciones experimentales en el aula que resulten eficientes y de validación probada. Entre los artículos revisados destacan aquellos que evidencian que la lectura de textos literarios de buena calidad fortalece los procesos cognitivos en la formación de habilidades heterometacognitivas, así como los estudios que se centran en el análisis de la comprensión de la metáfora desde la perspectiva de las neurociencias.

El instinto de la literatura. Una aproximación a la actividad literaria a partir de la teoría de la evolución

El presente artículo pretende discutir la posibilidad de pensar la literatura a partir de la teoría de la evolución. Haremos, pues, una exposición crítica de esta posibilidad, esto es, que la actividad literaria tiene que ver con facultades innatas, producto de la selección natural y la evolución humanas. Lo haremos a partir de los autores que, de forma directa, la han abordado, principalmente tres: Joseph Carroll, Steven Pinker, y Denis Dutton. Para contextualizar el problema, pondremos todas estas ideas en relación con algunas ideas literarias (de autores literarios y teóricos de la literatura) que han intentado dar cuenta de la cuestión acerca de la naturaleza del hecho poético o literario. Entre otras consecuencias, la propuesta tiene unas implicaciones sobre el debate acerca de las relaciones entre naturaleza y cultura, esto es: qué hay en el ser humano de cultural y por ende de relativo en su conducta, o bien de perteneciente a una naturaleza humana común a todas las culturas, y si un hecho a priori tan obviamente cultural como el literario considerarse a la luz de los las cualidades naturales del ser humano en cuanto especie animal producto de un sofisticado proceso de evolución.

Powojnie w literaturze dokumentu osobistego. Przyczynki do historii i socjologii życia literackiego w powojennej Polsce

The article is an attempt to draw attention to the possibilities and role of personal writing in the description of the post-war period in literary terms, for example to the use of the information archives of that type of writing as material which verifies the presence and meaning of literary facts from that period. Such an approach is accompanied by the assumption of personal writing being a separate writing-reading circulation in the post-war period, and by the fact that it played a major role in literary and social communication, since it served as a kind of substitute, but in the literary practice of some authors, such as Nalkowska, Dąbrowska or Iwaszkiewicz, it set the directions for certain changes; personal accounts became the domain of their post-war writing. In the article, a number of introductory and general remarks have been formulated, concerning the origins of literary activity in post-war Poland, which emerge from writers’ personal notes, diaries and correspondence.

The Role of Anthologies in Developing Approaches to The Study of Asian American Literature

The article reviews the role and position of the first anthologies of American literature written by writers of Asian descent, due to which the outlines for what are now commonly known as Asian American literary studies were defined. A close analysis of these anthologies enables to realize why the existence of a unified collective Asian American identity, which was proclaimed in the second half of the 20th century, is being questioned at the milestone of the 20th and 21st centuries. It gives reason to state that the anthologies did not only emphasize the status quo of literature created by American writers of Asian descent, but also formed fracture lines along which at the end of the 20th century efforts were made to deprive Asian-American literature of the status of marginal, secondary and present it as a full-fledged component of American literary continuum. The first one can be described as “beyond the hyphen”. The second trajectory of the search for a way out of ethnic shelter at the end of the 20th century is aimed at “reconfiguring the canon”. It involves not only a demand of being fully involved into the American literary tradition, but also a search for its role in shaping, if not generating contemporary American literature. The anthologies that hold the primacy in the discovery of American writers of Asian descent, as a literary fact on one side, were both a continuation and rethinking of the tradition of Eastern (Chinese/Japanese) anthologies. On the other hand, despite the extremely compressed theoretical foundation for the essence of this wing of American literature, they show the extent and dynamism of its understanding and interpretation as an integral part of Western literary discourse.

The Departed: Broken and unbroken symbols

The DepartedBroken and unbroken symbols Dinda L. Gorlée (bio) George Steiner (1929-2020) was a polyglot and polymath; indeed, he was the eminent scholar of almost everything to transform the modern world of humanities into the universe of learning from history. Born in a Viennese-Jewish family living in exile in Paris, the Steiner family had to emigrate again to the United States just before the Nazi-occupation of France in 1940. Studying at the University of Chicago and Harvard University, George Steiner was a student of literature to become the intellectually off-scale scholar of translation studies. He returned to Europe to do his doctoral work at Balliol College of the University of Oxford. In the article "Humane literacy" published by The Times Literary Supplement (1963) and reprinted in The Critical Moment: Essays on the Nature of Literature (1964), Steiner struck, as a young French-American critic, a polemical blow to all post-war literature, since for him the insufficiency of evidence cannot reach the stage of intellectual and emotional conclusions. The negative position had secret roots, with his critiques of modern literature Steiner, as a Jewish survivor, attacked the extreme "silence" of post-war language, where the cultural mood was basically oriented towards the technological future. Steiner wanted to re-educate the cultural decay of humanity into real historical research. Steiner's work started as literary journalist to review modern literature. Then, with the professorship of English language and comparative literature at the University of Geneva, Steiner progressed to the full voice of academic criticism. In his academic career, Steiner sought to find a remedy for his cultural skepsis. As an eminent scholar, he travelled around the world, working as Distinguished Fellow at the Universities of Princeton University, New York University, Yale University, and other teaching institutions. After his retirement, he became an Extraordinary Fellow at Churchill College of the University of Cambridge, where he died in 2020. Steiner was an emigré thinker inspiring with exciting ideas and passionate thoughts by shifting intellectual readers between literary, historical, scientific, and cultural areas. He hunted after literary (that is, fictional) facts to explore the deeply felt irreality of cultural history and civilization, arts and science, language and politics, but the dignity of his torment was based on his Jewish faith against the secular world. The problematic but self-conscious character of Steiner's indefatigable writing-and-reading supersedes the scientific frontiers of academic departments to create one major universe for all students, taking part in art and sciences. Steiner's ultimate goal was to make from the fragmented culture divided in separate sciences—what he predicted as the future "postculture," which was learning the episodes of recent history of Europe's literature—to transform the critical thoughts into a new world. Steiner's first memory was inextricably bound up with the horror stories of cultural unhousedness and hospitability, racial inflation, and political history together with his family's struggles to survive the Nazi Holocaust. His research as a "second-hand" critic of literature was enriched by his infinite information to resolve the ignorance of the audience into his encouraging message to "the knowledge and governance of human possibility" for all readers. His skeptical concept crisscrossed the troublesome years of the Holocaust to reconstruct the art of future criticism. Steiner's self-referentiality was affected by the subliminal traumas of his malformed right hand. He suffered this disability as a tentative sign of warning or perhaps alarm. Steiner's secret disability seemed to allow him to function without difficulties and uncertainties, but still seemed to make him spiritually unable to function as an equal in a social group. Instead, his mood radiated his aloof and arrogant superiority in scholarly talent. I recollect that, in early 1970, Steiner was invited to speak at a small gathering of translation theorists at the University of Nijmegen in the Netherlands. Translation studies had just emerged from the marginal footnotes of the experiences of the literary translator to operate as "free" translation of images, similes, and metaphors. Translation had built a "fresh" language, but the mixed branch of translation studies was still an illusion for the academic community. As I recall, Steiner's performance...

The role of raw materials for geopolitical competition

The article aims to present the most important issues of competition for raw materials, where different ideas of international trade are identified with political and financial pressure. The method of research used in the work is the analysis of literary heritage and historical facts that confirm or deny different theories. In particular, the theories of T. Malthus, neo-Malthusians and their opponents, as well as the struggle for oil and gas resources in the Middle East, the Arctic and the struggle for water resources in Central Asia were analyzed. In recent years, raw materials have become an instrument of international security. It is the struggle for sources of raw materials that is one of the decisive factors in world stability. Trade in resources should be the focus of regular observations to ensure geopolitical stability

Исторические факты литературы и личность в исследовании – o составлении книги «История русской и советской литературной критики XX века»

Russian literature is an important part of world literature and is studied all over the world. In comparison with the history of literature, the history of literary criticism is more an interaction between the objectivity of literary facts and the personality of the compiler of this history. This work presents a description of the personality in research using the example of the book “History of Russian and Soviet literary criticism of the XX century” written by Chinese scientist Zhang Jie, the main task of which is to provide a theoretical basis and methods of criticism for analyzing the mechanism of reproducing the meanings of literary texts and images. We analyze the functions of literary criticism and explain the interaction and harmony of objective historical facts of literature and the compiler’s personality in the study. We define three currents of Russian and Soviet literary criticism of the 20th century: religious and cultural criticism, real literary criticism, and aesthetic criticism. We prove that history reflects not only the objectivity of factors, but also its compiler’s personality, which is an indicator. We explain the need to coordinate the objectivity of historical facts and the subjectivity of the compiler, and we present a value-based reflection of a scientific linguistic personality in the Chinese ethnoculture.

Literature and Memory. Pedra de tartera, by Maria Barbal, and the Memory of the Spanish Civil War

Maria Barbal’s Pallars Cycle has its origin in Pedra de tartera. In this cycle Barbal creates a literary universe which recovers lost space and time: rural life in the Pyrenees during the mid-20th century. Main threads articulating this cycle are the Spanish Civil War and rural exodus. Both events relate Pedra de tartera with memory narratives that deal with remembrance and testimonies of war and its aftermath. The article aims to ground the relationship between the novel’s structuring of war memory through literary reconstruction of the past, fictionalizations of memory and relationship between historic and literary facts.

Literature and Memory.Pedra de tartera, by Maria Barbal, and the Memory of the Spanish Civil War

Maria Barbal’s Pallars Cycle has its origin in Pedra de tartera. In this cycle Barbal creates a literary universe which recovers lost space and time: rural life in the Pyrenees during the mid-20th century. Main threads articulating this cycle are the Spanish Civil War and rural exodus. Both events relate Pedra de tartera with memory narratives that deal with remembrance and testimonies of war and its aftermath. The article aims to ground the relationship between the novel’s structuring of war memory through literary reconstruction of the past, fictionalizations of memory and relationship between historic and literary facts.

Латинский конспект Вл. Соловьева в «Дневнике писателя» Ф.М. Достоевского: научный миф или литературный факт?

Латинский конспект Вл. Соловьева в «Дневнике писателя» Ф.М. Достоевского: научный миф или литературный факт?

Развитие русского сравнительного литературоведения: идеи А.Н. Веселовского и В.М. Жирмунского

We consider the ideas of the largest Russian literature studies scholars of the pre-revolutionary period in Russia, who laid the foundations of literature studies comparativistics. We establish that the modern idea about comparative literature studies is largely determined by the ideas of Russian scientists A.N. Veselovsky and V.M. Zhirmunsky. They developed individual literature studies aspects on the material of various literary facts and phenomena. We prove that on the basis of Russian scientists’ ideas, comparative literature studies were formed within the framework of the cultural and historical school that prevailed at that time, that new methodological principles and approaches are being developed on their basis, which researchers can apply for productive comparative researches in the Post-Soviet territory. We pay attention to the fact that in literature studies comparativistics nowadays emerged its own approaches: a comparative historical approach, in which genetic and contact relationships are studied; comparative typological (matching) approach, which explores thematic, figurative, genre, stylistic similarities and differences: an intertextual approach which incorporates “one text” into “another text”; the approach of inter-literary interactions when studying the translation of the written work. We substantiate that in the aspect of these approaches it is possible to better understand the national identity of national literature.

UKRAINIAN PRIVATE GYMNASIUM AS A CENTER OF LITERATURE AND ART LIFE OF KREMENETS

Literary and artistic life of the Ukrainian Private Gymnasium named after Ivan Steshenko was an integral part of the dynamic political, cultural and educational life of community in the town of Kremenets in the 20’s of the XX century. The author of the article, based on the relevance of the topic, based on objective analysis, using both archival sources and multi-lingual literature, analyzed literary and artistic facts that had a great influence on the formation of the Ukrainian elite of Volyn. It was the Ukrainian Gymnasium that contributed to Ukrainian literature the names of Ulas Samchuk, Cyril Kotsyuk-Kochinsky, Oksana Lyaturinskaya, Maria Kavun-Kreminyarivska, Yuriy Mulik-Lutzyk and others. The analysis of the cases of the Ternopil regional state archive allowed the author to analyze the documentary materials that make up several hundred issues of the fund number 351. Some diary of the work of teachers, on the basis of records you can learn about the versatile orientation of learning and education. The facts of the visit to Kremenets Gymnasium Bohdan Lepky in 1935, which in the conversation with the students reminded us that Vyacheslav Lipinsky is also the son of Volyn land. A special page of the activity of the gymnasium was written by the work of the Gymnasium circle «Postup», the content of which was the reading of literature - from Drahomanov to Vynnychenko, from Mikhnovsky to Dontsov, from nationalist publications to the «Public Voice». The author analyzes the process of teaching the Ukrainian language and literature in the gymnasium and emphasizes the literary work of the teachers of the Ukrainian language and literature - Sofia Orlovskaya in the gymnasium and Filimon Kulchinsky in the seminary. Only during the lectures, at evening rallies, in the preparation of academies, they threw grain in the young souls. They did not teach us politics, they simply taught us to think and understand us ... ". Both of them were fond of Lesya Ukrainka, Kotsiubynsky, not mentioning already about Shevchenko, whose image, as Orlovsky said, should be kept under holy images. The Ukrainian gymnasium brought out the great literature of Ulas Samchuk, Kirill Kutsyuk-Kochinsky, Oksana Lyaturinskaya, Maria Kavun-Kreminyarivska, Yuriy Mulik-Lutsk, and others. writer Ulas Samchuk wrote a autobiographical novel "Youth of Vasily Sheremety" about the gymnasium period of life, and in memoirs "On a white horse" and "On horse-raven" a lot of space was devoted to the Kremenets of that time, the Ukrainian gymnasium. It is "Youth of Vasily Sheremety" that gives a convex picture of the literary and artistic preference of the students who arranged disputes on the works of G. Chuprynky, M. Voronoi, O. Olesya, P. Tychyna, V. Vynnychenko's collective readings on the literary-creative association «Youth». It is concluded that a private gymnasium in Kremenets played a big role in the life of the region, and a whole bunch of Ukrainian writers whose names were immortalized in the memorial tables.

Virgil's Double Cross: Design and Meaning in the Aeneid by David Quint

414 PHOENIX The situation with Tacitus’ Dialogus could not be more different. Chapter Six, “Tacitus : Dialogus de Cicerone?,” demonstrates that Cicero underpins the entire project of the Dialogus, above and beyond the explicit discussion of Cicero in which the interlocutors engage. Keeline minutely tracks and catalogues the verbal echoes and reminiscences from Cicero’s Brutus, Orator, De Oratore, and probably Hortensius that saturate the Dialogus. It is a remarkable demonstration, supporting his contention that Tacitus’ readers would inevitably have seen and felt the work’s hegemonic Ciceronianism. Ironically, however, this Ciceronian performance ends up concluding that Ciceronian performances are no longer possible due to changed circumstances. Yet I wonder if Keeline overstates, perhaps with Maternus, the decline of the iudicia publica as venues for oratorical performance, and also underrates the centumviral court, the senate, and other forensic venues whose status rose in the early empire. Yet other venues for competitive performance in eloquence, such as declamation (as the rest of this book demonstrates) and recitation, also emerged in this period—after all, the occasion of the Dialogus is a high-profile, politically explosive recitation of a dramatic work written by Maternus himself. The concluding chapter Seven, “Est . . . mihi cum Cicerone aemulatio: Pliny’s Cicero,” reconsiders the hoary question of Pliny the Younger’s relationship with his great predecessor in oratory and epistolography. Keeline contends that Pliny’s emulation of Cicero is constrained by the reduced scope for oratory, for which he argued in Chapter Six. Where else, then, can Pliny invest his eloquence? Epistolography is an obvious place to look. Keeline argues in detail that Pliny’s letter-writing and letter-publishing project is remarkably Ciceronian despite the absence of explicit mentions of Cicero as an epistolographer , and demonstrates the eloquence of which Pliny is capable. This is a persuasive and helpful demonstration; it could conceivably be expanded to cover other new arenas for eloquence mentioned above, in which Pliny also invested. Finally, the short “Epilogue : The Early Empire and Beyond” briefly considers appropriations of Cicero ranging from the early Christians through the medieval period down to contemporary popular culture. All students of the political and literary culture of the early empire are aware of the centrality of rhetoric and of the schools to the construction of that culture. Keeline’s book is a major contribution to the study of these central matters, containing extensive reconsideration and synthesis of prior scholarship and innovative new analysis of rhetorical pedagogy. It will benefit everyone who studies this period. Johns Hopkins University Matthew Roller Virgil's Double Cross: Design and Meaning in the AENEID. By David Quint. Princeton, New Jersey. 2018. Pp. xix, 218. David Quint's VIRGIL’S DOUBLE CROSS: DESIGN AND MEANING IN THE Aeneid is a collection of five reprinted articles (Chapters One, Two, Three, Five, and Six) and two new chapters (Chapters Four and Seven), spanning the years from 2001 to 2018. “Double Cross” in the title refers to Virgil’s employment of chiasmus at the levels of syntactic form and poetical thought. Chiasmus here includes the core ABBA structure recognizable to literary scholars, but also entails a blurry set of conceptualizations, contradictions, reversals, oppositional parallels, intentional divisions, “reversibility and implicit interchangeability” BOOK REVIEWS/COMPTES RENDUS 415 (xiii). Words and phrases can show chiasmus, but so too can allusions among texts. Virgil builds into his epic binary oppositions that mingle, merge, and reverse, as themes, characters, and ideologies shift within the ABBA structure. Virgil’s Double Cross is a study in literary chirality. In the “Preface” Quint guides his reader through a short history of optimistic and pessimistic readings of the Aeneid (really from 1950 to 1993). Scholars here appear like New Historical automata, merely reacting to and filtering the war and post-war ideologies and discourses of the second half of the twentieth century, although an evaluation of Virgil’s artistry and its meaning need not be dependent on Operation Rolling Thunder or the Highway of Death. The fact that scholarship is enmeshed in historical and cultural contingency does not occlude a scholar’s objectivity, intuition, imagination, and argumentation, which are based on hard literary data. Quint’s analysis is full of literary facts that exist apart from...

The Significance of Philanthropy and Piety Conducted by the White and Black Characters: A Study on Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s CA

Uncle Tom’s Cabin is a novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852. It dealt with the slavery in America in antebellum era. Regarding this context, there are two issues emerging in the novel i.e. philanthropy conducted by the white people and piety held by the black people or the slaves. So, this paper discusses a problematic statement that is how philanthropy and piety are significant in sense of facing the heartless slavery of the blacks. Both issues appear in two different plots; that is, a plot dealing with Eliza and George running away to Canada, and the other dealing with Uncle Tom who does not want to run away but remains loyally as a slave until his death. This paper applies Mukarovsky’s dynamic structuralism as a theoretical framework to analyze the issues of philanthropy and piety, namely, by utilizing the historical, philosophical, and cultural facts as the materials to elaborate the literary facts. Through this study, it is finally found out that Stowe uses a double plot in order to emphasize that philanthropy conducted by some white people and the slave’s piety in embracing Christianity were really occurred in the antebellum era, pre-Civil War era (1851-1856) in the United States. Besides, this paper finds out that either philanthropy or piety is the ways for the characters of the novel to achieve their freedom. Concretely the freedom in this case refers to both physical and spiritual meanings.

V. BRUSOV ON THE PAGES OF «REBUS» MAGAZINE

The author of the article studies the historical and literary facts of Brusov’s creative biography referring to his cooperation with «Rebus» magazine. The poet’s views and approaches to the analysis of paranormal phenomena presented in the article entitled «The Methods of Mediumism», in the letters and diaries and the debate about the publication have also been covered.

THE ‘POST-REVOLUTION’ TIME IN Y. TYNYANOV’S NOVEL THE DEATH OF VAZIR-MUKHTAR [SMERT’ VAZIR-MUKHTARA

The article deals with ‘the time after’ as a ‘literary fact’ in Tynyanov’s novel The Death of Vazir-Mukhtar [Smert’ Vazir-Mukhtara] (1927). The Russian nobles’ defeated coup at the time before coronation of Emperor Nicholas I in December 1825 serves as the book’s historical setting and elucidates the problem of the ‘post-revolution’. The author examines the different types of time (in chapters devoted to Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tiflis, and Persia, respectively) and their function in the novel. She suggests that it is the protagonist’s, A. Griboyedov’s, existential state that determines the time motif in the book. It is argued that the character divided into Griboyedov and Vazir-Mukhtar demarcates his ‘outer’ and ‘inner’ selves. The book’s ideological epicenter lies in the theme of betrayal. The author goes on to show that, despite the circumstances of the ‘time after’, and his loneliness, Griboyedov stays faithful to himself, no matter how hard it is; he remains a creator, a poet and a playwright, who penned the blacklisted Woe from Wit [Gore ot uma], a professional diplomat at the heart of the frustrated project to boost the trade and industry in the Caucasus, and a man of honour and duty to his friends and family. The paper cites a number of arguments, polemicizing with critics of Tynyanov’s novel.

SALAM ATAU SELOMITA: TINJAUAN SASTRA DAN MASYARAKAT

<p>This research aims to find out the social phenomenon in short story untitled Salam aw Selomita (1983). These phenomena are seen as a personification of activities or facts related to the setting of society, particularly Palestine society in which the short story takes place. The short story consists the continuing conflict and permanent battle in Palestine society that can provide for the readers several valuable social phenomena. Hence the short story was intended one of conveying aspiration means for present society. This research uses the theory of the sociology of literature as a subfield viewing literary facts as a reflection of society, an empirical reality experienced by Palestine society, and uses the method by revealing events that experienced by Palestine society represented by actor Salam or Selomita, a reflection of social facts in current Palestine society. The research’s results show that the social phenomenon in the short story untitled Salam or Selomita is kidnapping the Palestinians children conducted by colonialist. The kidnapping has left a deep grief and tears for the parents and the Palestinians.</p>

A history of the Russian formalism as a provincial newspaper / literary fact: (“The Hamburg score”, “The South-West”, “Fabula and plot” IN THE “Proze theory” by Viktor B. Shklovsky) Article II

A history of the Russian formalism as a provincial newspaper / literary fact: (“The Hamburg score”, “The South-West”, “Fabula and plot” IN THE “Proze theory” by Viktor B. Shklovsky) Article II

Travessia and Resilience in Raduan Nassar Poetics

The author from São Paulo, Raduan Nassar, was an excellent opportunity for us to reflect on a poetics of reading, mainly targeting his book Menina a caminho. This article intends to sketch, within this poetics, an analysis of the psychosocial and political tensions in which the young heroine was directly and indirectly involved. From the assumption that every literary text involves a provocation to discover the ethical-political dynamics that move it, we think that the notion of resilience could support our response to such provocation. The protagonist is in the pre-adolescent phase, the text, a narrative of less than 100 pages, in which the girl undertakes an apprenticeship. Therefore, we cast the hypothesis of a novel of formation or education. However, since the originality of any character or literary fact is inferred from comparison with other characters and similar facts, they will come to witness works, authors and foreign critics.

OBJEK FOKALISASI DAN KETEGANGAN DALAM CERITA NARATIF ANAK

Vocalization is the most important and difficult aspect to be explained in correlation with its role in evocating literary facts and also its term complexity for understanding a work. Mieke Bal explains his theory in three parts, namely fabula, story, and text. Vocalization includes in a story. The result description (1) by understanding a developing-set of events and accompanying dialogue, NAM is a narrative text. This novel is a kind of framing text (wrapped story in a story). (2) The vocalized objects, that are the characters and space presentation. (3) The existence of riddles and treatment is one of the tensions in the novel.