Literary Development Research Articles

David I. Starling. Reading Ephesians and Colossians: A Literary and Theological Commentary. Reading the New Testament, second series.

David I. Starling. <i>Reading Ephesians and Colossians: A Literary and Theological Commentary</i>. Reading the New Testament, second series.

Planning for progression? Norwegian L1 teachers’ conception of literature teaching and literary competence throughout lower secondary education

This article reflects on the literature teaching of lower secondary L1 teachers in Norway. We examine how teachers plan for and assess their students’ literary development, and ask what they consider to be the main purpose of literature teaching, what they understand as literary development, and to what extent they experience and understand literature instruction planning as a collaborative and collegial task. Methodologically, the study is based on semi-structured interviews with L1 teachers (N=9) at one lower secondary school in a Norwegian city. Theoretically, the study builds on L1 paradigm syntheses, models of literary competence, while also lending itself to sociological studies of professions. The findings suggest that Norwegian L1 teachers consider fostering the joy of reading to be the most important aim of literature teaching. Their teaching is legitimized from a reader-oriented position, mainly supported by everyday theory and common-sense discourse rather than scholarship or theories of literary criticism, didactics, or pedagogy. Furthermore, the teachers demonstrate dissenting views on how to plan for and structure students’ development of literary competence throughout the three-year course but tend to agree that the development should progress from experience-based literature teaching to more analytical and interpretative approaches. As a general trend, teachers experience difficulties assessing students’ progression in literary competence, predominantly resorting to assessing students’ knowledge and use of analytical concepts. Finally, the findings imply that variations in the teachers’ understanding of literature teaching’s purpose and in their related planning and assessment should be seen in the context of the school’s professional community, especially regarding what opportunities it facilitates for discipline-specific peer networks.

Vengeance Unbound: Henning Mankell's The Man from Beijing

Abstract: The Man from Beijing depicts ethnic Chinese workers on the US transcontinental railroad, a literary development that challenges the linguistic boundaries nominally associated with Asian American Studies. Of equal importance, I argue, is the way Mankell expands the cartography of Nordic Noir to encompass capitalism's old-new frontiers in China (PRC).

Pelatihan Menulis Cerita Pendek Untuk Komunitas Gemar Menulis Desa Bandul Kecamatan Tasik Putri Puyu Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti

The community becomes a force to gather the younger generation to do positive things. One of the emerging communities is the literary community. In addition to conducting discussions on literary developments, the literary community also carries out writing training. This is what the Love Writing Community, Bandul Village, Tasik Putri Puyu District, Meranti Islands Regency, did. The main obstacle faced by the Love Writing Community is the lack of tutors or trainers for literary writing activities such as writing short stories. From this service, it can help members of the Bandul Village Love Writing Community understand writing strategies and at the same time the strategy of sending works to mass media that have cultural rubrics.

Arabic Language Literary Heritage in the Works of Central Asian Thinkers in the 10th-12th Centuries

In the 10th-12th centuries there had been a rapid flourishing of literary creativity in the Arabic language in the regions of Central Asia such as Mawaraunnahr and Khwarezm. Tens of thousands of Arabic-language manuscripts have been stored in manuscript collections all over the world, including the manuscript collection of our Republic. Some of them have been selectively studied by orientalists. At the same time, the number of still unexplored manuscripts is very large, and there are manuscripts containing vivid artistic creations among them. Translating and researching of these works in order to bring the treasures of spiritual and aesthetic heritage to our people is a responsible and honorable task of Uzbek orientalists.This article expounds on the contributions of the Central Asian thinkers in the development of Arabic literature in the 10th-12th centuries, in the establishment of its genres, and the formation of its primary trends. In the article, a brief overview of the main literary works of the period and their influence on the direction of the literary development both in Central Asia and the entire world of Islam is given. The rich Arabic literature of Mawarannаhar and Khwarezm spurred vibrant cultural growth locally during the first stage of the Islamic Renaissance and further development of the social and moral thought of its peoples. Abu Bakr al-Khwarezmi, Abu Ali Sina, Mahmud al-Zamakshari, and many other Central Asian thinkers combined both scientific and literary endeavors throughout their lives. During this very period, the main body of the greatest literary monuments was created. Additionally, the perspectives of a deeper study of this literary heritage as part of the world heritage and the entire human civilization are examined in this article. A comprehensive study of the Arabic literary heritage of the 9th-12th centuries may, on one hand, help to fill out the gap in the studies of the literary activities of the period. On the other hand, even though certain steps in this direction have been made, prospects of research from the position of literary studies demand a deeper exploration of literary activities, thematic categories, poetics, uniqueness of local genres, and other facets, which will help make certain the size of the contribution of Central Asian scholars to the development not only of Eastern literature but of Western as well.

Honno: The Welsh Women’s Press and the Cultural Ecology of the Welsh Publishing Industry, c. 1950s to the Present

Honno: the Welsh Women’s Press is the longest running independent publisher of books by women currently operating in the UK. This article situates Honno’s publishing activities within the ‘cultural ecology’ of the Welsh publishing industry. This unique cultural and economic infrastructure is traced back to the 1950s, when grassroots organizations such as the Books Council of Wales and state-subsidized initiatives were established to support the commercial and literary development of Welsh language publishing, and the survival of the Welsh language more broadly. In the late 1960s further support for the Welsh Book Trade came when the Welsh Arts Council was created, which facilitated the cultural development of Welsh writing in English and Welsh. Contextualizing Honno within the Welsh Publishing Industry reveals how the company has managed to survive as a small publisher focused on its original publishing mission: to promote writing by women in Wales, in English and Welsh, grounded in the history and lives of Welsh women. Honno’s history—and, more broadly, the evolution of the Welsh Publishing Industry in the post-war era—can also help disrupt totalizing narratives about the reach of capitalism in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. It demonstrates that alternative conceptions of cultural and economic value continue to circulate, despite their apparent embeddedness within neoliberal, business and financialised orthodoxies.

THE ESSENCE OF HUMAN IN BEDIL’S CREATION

Mirza Abdulkadir Bedil is a Persian-speaking poet, prose writer, philosopher and Indian thinker, very popular among the peoples of Central Asia and Afghanistan. In his work, Bedil analyzes the main part of the works of art and literature of Persian and Tajik poets from Rudaki to Jami and the literary and philosophical ideas of Sanayi, Attar, Jalaliddin Rumi and Ibn al-Arabi. The ancient philosophy of ancient Iran, Greece, India and Arabia laid the foundation for the development of literary and philosophical ideas, and as a result of relying on the achievements of the past, Mirza Bedil strengthened his philosophical thought.

Hermeneutics and its New Tendencies: to the Question of Aesthetic Paradigm Change

Introduction. The work examines the main vector of development of contemporary literary and hermeneutics studies. The main aim is to show how the view of the text has changed and what are the important tools in the process of its interpretation.Methodology and sources. Firstly, various philosophical and literary approaches to texts are considered. One of the main ideas behind the research method is the comparison of the modernist, post-modernist and meta-modernist paradigm in the process of text interpretation. Another important aspect is the consideration of symptomatic and surface reading, as an important tool in the discussion of whether the text bears any meaning apart from the directly deducable and what is the most contemporary if not the best way of interpreting it. Most texts analyzed are literary examples, mainly taken from Anglophone literature.Results and discussion. The results of the research state a number of tendencies in the view of contemporary hermeneutics. Among the general conclusion of the shift from modernist to post-modern and meta-modern patterns in the narrative. Regarding the process of text interpretation what is stated is a general tendency to see the surface l evel of the text as bearing all the necessary and important meanings. The older and more conservative approach of bringing meaning into the text is also at work, depending on the traditions. Elimination of text interpretation (or denying it its original im portance) is also an important point of view, as it states that a literary text explains more than any supporting attempt of its explanation. Another important feature is a tendency of a modern literary text to adopt characteristics of poetry. The psychoanalytic view is competing with post-modernist or meta-modernist view.Conclusion. Metamodernist tendency, surface reading and attention to the literary text itself, and not its further explanation seems to be the core of a contemporary view of literary texts, their interpretation and, hense, meaning.

Literary translation, symbolic development and inclusion in South Africa

Post-apartheid South African society remains characterised by significant social asymmetries and the need for development. Yet development should encompass not only meeting people’s material needs to ensure survival, but also the attainment of higher social ideals such as solidarity, citizenship and inclusion. Literary translation involving local languages has been posited as one way of attaining such ideals, yet this postulation requires further investigation. The main objective of this article is to investigate the intersections between literary translation and social transformation in South Africa from the perspective of symbolic development, which is accompanied and complemented by a consideration of symbolic exclusion. The focus is firstly on the theoretical connections between literary translation, development and inclusion and secondly on the practical disjunctions between these. The article finds that in theory, there is ground to promote literary translation as a means towards symbolic development because of its ability to equalise language statuses and promote intercultural appreciation. Yet, the highly commodified nature of literature amidst the continuation of socioeconomic inequalities as well as the position of English in literature detract from translation’s ability to foster symbolic development realistically within society at large, at least for the moment. From a theoretical perspective, the utility of incorporating development into translation studies remains significant, however, and translation studies could benefit from further investigation of translational development locally, mainly for its ability to direct research practically towards socially beneficial goals, specifically when combined with exclusion.

Stylistic Analysis of the Convincing Book Troy Horse and Other Short Stories

Serious Examination of the Use of Language by the Trojan Horse and Other Short Stories is the main objective of this review, which was originally intended to analyze the quality of his artistic work and demonstrate its contribution to literary development. This work aims to serve as a bridge between readers and writers, concentrating on the choice of words and metaphorical methods. The book attempts to examine the strengths and limitations of word use and metaphors, based on the theoretical foundations that have been compiled.

Exit Pursued by Horace: Bears, Shakespeare, and the Classical Tradition

AbstractThis article puts the bear back in Horace, demonstrating the role bears have played from antiquity through the Renaissance as the great disruptor of the classical literary artefact, simplex et unum. The first section of the article treats bear’s place in ancient poetics. The second section exposes its role in Horace’s corpus, demonstrating how it instantiates both historical interpretive conflicts over one of Aristotle’s definition of the poet’s vocation and a wide range of Roman cultural and literary developments in the late first-century bce. The third and final section finds Horace’s bear stalking Renaissance artes poeticae and starring as the unstable genre-crossing centre of Shakespeare’s ‘The Winter’s Tale’ (1611). This article shows that Shakespeare’s bear has as much to do with the history of poetics (and the War of the Poets) as with the material history of stagecraft, which has often been the intriguing focus of scholarship on the bear. In addition to heightening our sense of the monstrous qualities of Augustan literature, and to troubling our notions about the classicism of classical literature, this article clarifies how classical poetics could function, in its own time and thereafter, as both analytic field and a literary genre sui generis.

Anna Burns’ Milkman

Anna Burns’ Milkman Daragh Downes There are, to misquote Oscar Wilde, two ways of dislikingAnna Burns’novel Milkman (2018). The first is to dislike it, the second is to praise it loudly for its bold experimentalism. Point one may be briskly disposed of with the banality that there is no accounting for taste. Point two requires a little more elucidation. That Milkman throws stylistic and narrative convention to the winds is beyond question. A novel that begins with the words, ‘The day Somebody McSomebody put a gun to my breast and called me a cat and threatened to shoot me was the same day the milkman died’, can hardly be said to scream ‘business as usual’. The word ‘experimental’, however, is pure kryptonite in the book trade, being a byword for ‘difficult’, ‘inaccessible’, ‘grist to the academic mill’. To dub Milkman’s antic style experimental, as so many did upon its publication and – especially – after its Man Booker Prize nomination and subsequent win, is thus about the most unhelpful way conceivable of welcoming it into the world. Whether used with good intent or ill, the word puts many potential readers off, depriving them of a remarkably refreshing and addictive reading experience. To apply this word to Milkman is to belie the wonderful democratic spirit behind Burns’ stylistic game. It is also to miss the fact that, in terms of her own literary development, Milkman does not in truth represent much by way of an experiment. Already in her superb first novel, No Bones (2001), we find the seeds of the signature Milkman style, especially in those parts where she ventures beyond the confines of traditional narrative realism (which latter mode, and it is useful to mention this when in conversation with a Burns sceptic, she masters with consummate facility). In her follow-up, Little Constructions (2007), a novel set in a small town and treating of a deranged crime family, we see her commit fully to what we now recognise as the Milkman style: that inimitable mixed economy of outré-absurdist storytelling; garrulous essayism lubricated by psychobabble, sociologese and bureaucratese; arch observational wit; sovereignly controlled irony; obsessive-compulsive repetition; and many a sentence that sounds like it has been written in a foreign language and run Studies • volume 110 • number 438 231 through a beta version of Google Translate. There is even a character called Mr McSomebody (proprietor of a local pharmacy known as ‘Almost Chemist of theYear’). To encounter this style for the first time in Little Constructions is exciting, but it still feels there like a style in search of the right story. One gets the same impression from Mostly Hero (2014), a novella published before Burns had finished work on Milkman and whose opening sentence – ‘The villains from downtown eastside put a magic spell on femme fatale so that she would kill superhero whilst under the influence of this magic spell’– tells us all we need to know about its commitment to soberly realist nomenclature and storytelling. No Bones and Milkman may be Burns’ two great works to date, but Little Constructions and Mostly Hero tell the fascinating story of how her pen was fully freed up in the way that was to make her famous. Milkman is in part a delightfully unfashionable love letter to fiction itself, and to the counter-cultural power of fiction to offer relief to the lonely psyche wounded from having to live in a ‘hair-trigger society’ in which politics has totalistically and micrologically invaded every action, gesture, word and even thought. (It should be prescribed reading for anyone who spends too much time on Twitter). The novel’s first-person narrator – named only as ‘middle sister’ – finds that she has become an unsettling figure in the community by mere dint of her idiosyncratic habit of reading-while-walking. This habit, as her paramilitary-connected best friend from schooldays coolly informs her over a quiet drink, has led the community to ‘pronounce[] its diagnosis’ on her as a freak whose public immersion in pre-twentieth-century novels is ‘disturbing… deviant… optical illusional’ and ‘[n]ot public-spirited’. No one, the friend points out, ‘should go around in a political scene with...

A brief overview of the reception of “The Tale of Igor's Campaign”

The subject of this research is the process of reception of &amp;ldquo;The Tale of Igor's Campaign&amp;rdquo; in mainland China. The analysis of China&amp;rsquo;s historical conditions and comparison of the statistics at different periods indicate changes in the process of reception of Russian literature as a whole, and the Old Russian literary landmark in particular in the course of historical development of Celestial Empire. The novelty of this research is defines by insufficient coverage of the process of reception of &amp;ldquo;The Tale of Igor's Campaign&amp;rdquo; in China as a special cultural phenomenon, inseparable from the overall process of cultural and literary development of the country. Reception of the Russian literature is viewed in the socio-historical system, in which it organically interacts with the national culture and literature. The article employs descriptive, conceptual, and comparative-historical methods for solving the scientific task; determines the key stages in the general process of reception of &amp;ldquo;The Tale of Igor's Campaign&amp;rdquo; in China; and reveals the peculiarities of each stage with description of the major achievements. The author concludes that for almost two centuries, the Old Russian literary landmark has undergone a propaedeutic reception in China, which gradually intensified after the May Fourth Movement. It experienced stagnation after the first complete translation of the &amp;ldquo;Tale&amp;rdquo; into Chinese language, and a breakthrough in the image of this work in modern Chinese science, which currently interprets &amp;ldquo;The Tale of Igor's Campaign&amp;rdquo; as a literary-historical text.

Stock or Soil? The Growth of Early American Literature

Stock or Soil? The Growth of Early American Literature

Roots of friendship: Uzbek literature and literary criticism in German literature during 1960-1970 years

Formation and development of literary and cultural contacts, contributed to the domestic and international situation, growing interest in national literatures; acquaintance of the German reader with the life and work of outstanding Uzbek writers and poets, evidence of the sincere sympathy of German scientists, strengthening of international literary relations, assessment of international recognition; Khamza is a talented and multifaceted personality, a well-reasoned assessment of the creativity of Uzbek writers; oppression of the poorest strata of the population, literary theoretical work, fundamental work of German scientists; significant stage, unbiased presentation, horizons of coexistence and development of literatures in the world literary space.

Translation of Allusions in English Literary Works

Allusions not only have a profound impact on the literary works of a country, but also have a certain impact on the literary development of other countries. The allusions in English literature are very historical, reflecting the development process of a national culture, and their language description is also very literary. Due to the differences between Chinese and western cultures, translators will have some problems in the process of translating English literary allusions. The inaccuracy of translation will affect the author's expression effect. Therefore, translators should master translation methods and skills, and clarify the cultural connotation of allusions, so as to truly understand the meaning of English literary allusions.

XX əsrin 50-90- ci illərində Şəki teatrının Şəkidə ədəbi - mədəni mühitin formalaşmasına təsiri

The article discusses the role of the Sheki Theater in the development of literary and cultural ties among the Azerbaijani, Russian, Tatar, Hungarian and Turkish peoples who have ancient and rich traditions. The researcher has taken the tours of the Sheki Theatre, which is one of the administrative parts of the Azerbaijan Theater in the 50s and 90s of the XX century, to Moscow, Tashkent and Istanbul as a main object and analyzed the achievements and failures in this area. The author's analysis also focuses on strengthening the state's care for the development of the Sheki Theater, the theater's professional performance, and the role of the plays on repertoire in the promotion of moral education, family relations, and patriotic education. The author also highlights the activities of Mammadkabir Hajioglu, Huseynaga Atakishiyev, Jahangir Novruzov, Nazim Bilalov and Mirbala Salimli, who worked as directors of the theater in different years, which was aimed at the development of literary and cultural relations between Russian, Tatar, Turkish and other peoples. One of the most important qualities that ensure the scientific nature of the article is the mentioning of valuable opinions about the high appreciation of the activities of the Sheki Theater by prominent Russian and Azerbaijani theater critics. The article also highlights the role of the Sheki Theater in the development of Azerbaijani culture and literature and its integration into the world and in the promotion of Azerbaijani culture among Tatars, Turks and other peoples, especially the development of literary and cultural relations between Russia and Azerbaijan. The article also discusses the decline in the performance of the Sheki Theater caused by socio-political events of the late twentieth century, and the cultural policy pursued by President Ilham Aliyev to regulate the activities of the theater and the country's cultural development. Comparison and analysis methods have been used in the scientific analysis process to obtain the required results.

Семантика сюжета инициации в малой прозе Ю. Фельзена

The paper examines the plot of initiation in the stories of the young émigré writer Yu. Felzen as a continuation of the story of the hero of his novel trilogy. In the short stories of the late 1930s, the initiation of the hero-emigrant that was reduced in the novels is found to be associated with a situation of death, provoking his personal and literary development. The plot of the story “The changes” allows correlating it with the archetypal plot of initiation: the hero, having survived a severe illness, surgery, and the departure of his beloved, seems to be moving towards gaining new consciousness, towards writing. However, considering the stories following “The changes” allows revealing the reduction of the hero’s initial transformation. The plot of the story “The repetition of the past” shows how “changes” turn out to be a “repetition” of past life situations for the hero, and he evades the existential existence. The stories “The composition” and “The figuration” confirm the conclusion about the failed initiation of the hero. The work of Russian emigrants as extras on the set of the film “The figuration” is the author’s metaphor for the fate of the Russian emigration. The author’s concept of “the repetition of the past” is the repetition of life situations in reality without being able to change anything and follow the geniuses in creative work. According to Felzen, an emigrant is doomed to adapt and repeat in the inauthentic existence of life the situations that happened to him in another culture and at a different age “The composition.” Emigration does not replace a person with another one. Neither does it form his self-sufficiency.

“Chinoiserie” in Pound’s Cathay and Chinese Poetry Translation

“Chinoiserie” in Pound’s Cathay and Chinese Poetry Translation Grace Po-ting Fang Abstract In this paper, I would like to explore the concept of “Chinoiserie”, by examining the case of Pound‟s Chinese poetry translation: Cathy, and then give examples to indicate how the idea of “Chinoiserie” can be applied to Chinese poetry translation.Through experimental translation, Ezra Pound was led to promote a rather prejudiced view of the ideogram (based on Fenollosa‟s scripts) which he was to incorporate into his translations from the Chinese, Cathay, but, as we shall see, even his misapprehension proved fruitful, both for translation and for literary language more generally. About “Chinoiserie” and Chineseness, therefore, we need to keep fairly open minds: these are not to treated as two terms as a collision course with each other, but rather as two terms locked together in a protracted process of negotiation, which will never in fact come to an end. The task of the translator is to make the negotiation as mutually beneficial as possible. Instead of being condemned, misinterpretation and misunderstanding play an important role in literary developments. This thought encourages some translators who do not know Chinese to translate Chinese texts. Hence, rather than the criteria of cultural, intertextual, semantic and poetic adequacy, we need to apply other criteria, involving the translator‟s personal writing style, the translational purpose, and the effect of ideogrammic method. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/ijll.v9n2a4

ЄВГЕН НАХЛІК – ПОЛОНІСТ-ГУМАНІТАРІЙ І ОРГАНІЗАТОР АКАДЕМІЧНОЇ НАУКИ(до 65-річчя від дня народженняі 40-річчя праці в Національній академії наук України)

The article is dedicated to the 65th anniversary of his birth and the 40th anniversary of his work at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine of Corresponding Member of the NAS of Ukraine, Professor, Doctor of Philological Sciences, Director of the Ivan Franko Institute of the NAS of Ukraine (Lviv) Yevhen Nakhlik – an outstanding Ukrainian scholar of a broad humanitarian profile and long-time organizer of academic literary studies. He is an authoritative historian of Ukrainian literature from the 18th century to the present in a broader Slavonic and European literary, cultural and historical context, researcher of life and works of T. Shevchenko, P. Kulish, I. Franko, I. Kotlyarevsky and other writers, Slavist (first of all polonist and russianist), comparatist, literary critic as well as historian of Ukrainian national-cultural and liberation movement of the 17th – first half of the 20th century. He is the author of more than 700 scientific publications of his own, including 15 monographs. In his interpretative studies, he gravitates toward comprehension of theoretical issues in literature (artistic movements and trends, anthropology, mythology, archetypes, psychoanalysis, existential philosophy, historiosophy, poetics of imagery, versification etc.), tracing philosophical, in particular religious-philosophical, and ideological quests of writers. Since 1991 Yevhen Nakhlik is the founder and the head of the Lviv branch of T.G. Shevchenko Institute of Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, since 2011 he is the founder and the director of the State Institution “Ivan Franko Institute of NAS of Ukraine” on the basis of this branch. Since the beginning of the XXI century Yevhen Nakhlik belongs to the cohort of leading scholars who define the face of modern national literary studies. With his numerous scientific and popular scientific publications he has made a significant contribution to the interpretive, theoretical and methodological, source, factual and textual renewal of Ukrainian literary studies. His pioneering works, especially his fundamental monographs, have become classics of national humanities, raised our literary thought to a qualitatively new level, and have a significant influence on the development of modern literary and cultural studies. An indicator of the high level of literary criticism, public recognition and popularity of Yevhen Nakhlik’s books and articles is the fact that a number of them have received prestigious scientific awards. His outstanding services to the national science are marked by numerous awards at different levels - state, departmental and regional.