Literary Criticism Research Articles

The Effect of Osborn’s Model on Developing Students’ Rhetoric Concepts

This study examines the effect of teaching a school rhetoric unit employing Osborn's (1963) model. The study sample consisted of 70 Jordanian eleventh-grade students, with 35 in the experimental group and 35 in the control group. Two instruments were used to collect data: a scale designed according to Osborn's model and an achievement test. The school unit of rhetorical concept development was applied to six classes over six weeks in the experimental group, while the control group was taught using the standard method. The findings showed statistically significant differences in favour of the experimental group, with means of 76.66 and 66.15, respectively. The t-test value was 13.02, statistically significant at a significance level 0.01. The impact percentage was calculated at 92%, indicating a statistically significant result according to the Karl formula. Therefore, this percentage is a positive indicator of the effectiveness of using the Osborn model for the conceptual development of the experimental group of students. Based on the findings, the study recommends using this model for teaching rhetoric and literary criticism in other school classes.

"Just forget about it and move on": Stillbirth ruptured and repaired narratives beyond expectant futures.

The critical sociological literature has explored social prescriptions on women's reproductive lives, trajectories, outcomes and aftermaths. However, little attention has been given to how these prescriptions are expressed through temporal negotiations. This article delves into the narratives of Jewish-Israeli women who have experienced stillbirths. In their narratives, these women contest expectations directed towards them in interactions with professionals, family and friends. Within these expectations, a form of dictation over their future comes into being, where a new pregnancy should quickly precede the stillbirth. The focus here lies on how these women navigate and contest these temporal expectations, carving out space for stillbirth as a meaningful and painful event that should be granted attention and for alternative forms of remembering their stillborn and caring for them after their death. They reshape their narratives through what I call "thickening a present tense" and extend care to the stillborn in the aftermath of the stillbirth. This work contributes to scholarly inquiries into reproductive life and probing time as a socially prescribed mechanism for the value and social distribution of care.

Re-membering Blackness: Digital Archives, Collective Memory, and a University’s Black History

abstract: The Re-membering Blackness Digital Archive at the University of Scranton shares the university’s racial story as part of a campus-wide initiative devoted to reconciliation and collective memory. By bringing together archival records on Black history in a thematic digital collection, the project presents a corrective lens through which the university community transformed its understanding of the historical Black experience on campus and considered how this history reverberates in the present. The initiative contributes to a growing collection of institutional research projects on African American history and the legacies of slavery and racism in higher education. This article considers the metaphor of archives as memory within critical archival literature, and it examines the relationship between archives and collective memory in the context of the University of Scranton’s initiative to recover Black memory.

The first literary text of the Yakut tradition in the aspect of new approaches to poetics

The article provides in-depth the issue of the first literary text, which serves as the foundation for the development of literature as a distinct system apart from the oral tradition. In this context, we aim to revisit the question of which work by A.E. Kulakovsky should be regarded as the inaugural text of Yakut literature: the chronologically first by its conception and composition or the first by publication, which became widely known to readership. The paper forwards a hypothetical proposition of the importance of the publication of A.E. Kulakovsky’s first poem “Oath of Abasy” in 1908, which was selected by the author himself from the entire corpus of his early body of work. The purpose of the paper is to analyse the first poem by A.E. Kulakovsky in the aspect of poetics of the literary text itself. The research objectives include the analysis of the poem in the aspect of identifying the “poetic principle” within and in the context of the formation of the literary text as a whole, which determined the principles of formation of the poet’s literary poetics. The results of the analysis of A.E. Kulakovsky’s first poem demonstrate that it was this exact work, rather than “Algys to Baianai”, should be seen as the first literary text of the tradition, symbolising the beginning of literature as a new type of text, distinct from folklore. Analysis of this poem confirms that literature, unlike folklore, is aimed from the start at the author’s creation of the poetic principle proper, which permeates the text on all its levels. The scientific justification of “the primary text” of Yakut literary tradition should be considered as a fully motivated departure from the ideological assessments, characteristic of Soviet literary criticism and, in particular, in the history of studying the literary heritage of A.E. Kulakovsky.

The Riddle of Mark 7:15

Abstract: Analyses of Mark 7:15 are absent from sustained discussion in studies of Jesus’s use of figurative language, despite its description as a παραβολή (“parable,” 7:17). Studies typically label this text a “riddle,” but this is generally undefined and its relationship to other figurative devices in language is mysterious. Accordingly, I discuss some modern categories of figurative language, like metaphor, riddle, and metaphorical riddle and consider how they are related to the topic of this article. I then analyze Mark 7:15 in the light of these discussions, concluding that the category of metaphorical riddle could be helpful in interpreting the Marcan text. In the context of the metaphorical riddle, Jesus, without providing a source domain, misleads the audience into thinking that the subject of 7:15b is something physical (probably excrement), when the true meaning relates to something abstract (sin). On this reading, Jesus’s metaphorical riddle implies something like, “excrement is to the body as sin is to the heart.” Regardless of one’s interpretation, I argue that greater clarity regarding definitions and methods would be beneficial to this conversation, which can be ad hoc and idiosyncratic. In my view, the interpretation can be improved by utilizing approaches of modern literary criticism concerning figurative language, which offers relatively coherent and stable terms by which we might continue this discussion.

The Impact of an Individual’s Narcissistic Traits on Employability

Objective: The objective of this paper is to identify narcissistic traits that may have an impact on an individual’s employability and to determine the nature of the influence of these traits on employability. Research Design & Methods: During the first stage, based on a critical literature review, narcissistic traits were identified and a 20-item catalogue of traits affecting an individual’s employability was created. During the second, a diagnostic survey was conducted to determine whether the narcissistic traits in the catalogue have an impact on employability, what is the direction of influence of individual narcissistic traits on employability, and whether the nature of the influence of these traits on employability varies by type. The research sample was purposive and random. 198 respondents participated in the survey. Findings: The obtained results confirmed that the proposed trait catalogue for studying the impact of narcissistic traits on employability can be considered as reliable. 13 narcissistic traits were found to weaken initial and internal employability, while 8 traits were found to weaken external employability. The trait that most significantly weakens employability is displaying a demanding attitude, while the most strengthening trait is a strong belief in the possibility of professional success. Assessments concerning the impact of narcissistic traits on initial and internal employability were similar. There were differences between assessing the nature of the impact on initial and internal employability and on external employability. Implications / Recommendations: The studies confirmed that most narcissistic traits weaken employability, while some strengthen it. It was also found that the nature of the impact of narcissistic traits may vary by type of employability. Contribution: The study showed how individual narcissistic traits affect employability. Also indicating the differences in assessing narcissistic traits in the context of initial, internal, and external employability. These findings may be useful in shaping individual employability.

THE MUSLIM DIASPORA’S NATIONALISM AND IDENTITY IN KAMILA SHAMSIE’S HOME FIRE

The paper deals with Kamila Shamsie’s novel Home Fire to explore the profound social and psychological aspects and identity conflicts Muslim immigrants face in the West, especially in Britain. The importance of this paper is to express the conflict that the Muslim expatriate experiences in his relationship with the West and explore the reasons that affect their tolerance and coexistence. The paper’s problem manifests in exploring significant facets of human interactions, including tolerance, the increasing migrations from Islamic nations to non-Muslim countries, and the challenges arising from identity, religion, and race, which expose migrants to significant perils. The Method uses a social theoretical framework that intersects with the psychological approach. It investigates how both the original and new environments affect character development and individuals' psychological, developmental, and cognitive dimensions in the Muslim Diaspora. It aims to understand the reasons behind involvement in terrorist organizations and also examines the citizenship rights of Muslim Diaspora members. Finally, the paper concludes by presenting the most prominent results, which collectively illustrate that the aggressive style of fiction has influenced the presence of paranoia in literary criticism, leading to an exaggeration of the crimes of others and justification of the self. This is not conducive to objective and neutral analysis, so adopting a more moderate and neutral approach is recommended to allow for open discussion and acceptance of differing viewpoints. This approach should address questions of identity and national belonging.

Exploring Social Identity Transformation: A Journey through Delia Owen’s Where the Crawdads Sing

This study examines the social identity transformation of the Where the Crawdads Sing main character by using Social Identity Theory (SIT) proposed by Henri Tajfel and Turner. Tajfel and Turner divided SIT into self-categorization, social identification, and social comparison to show how these events alter the identity of Kya (the main character) transformation. This study used a qualitative approach to analyze Delia Owens' novel Where the Crawdads Sing, focusing on character development and social interactions. Secondary sources, such as literary criticisms and reviews, supplement primary data. Data analysis identifies recurring patterns and critical themes of societal identity transformation, including isolation, resilience, exclusion, and integration. This study found that Where the Crawdads Sing explores Kya's self-categorization in Barkley Cove, North Carolina. She forms a strong bond with her black friend Jumpin' and the marsh as her in-group, providing comfort and connection to the marsh. The novel contrasts Barkley Cove's out-group social identification with the marshlands, highlighting the importance of acceptance, forgiveness, and embracing one's identity in navigating complex human relationships. The social comparison explores Kya Clark's struggle for acceptance in a small town, contrasting it with the marshlands and highlighting themes of isolation and resilience.

THE IMAGE OF A POSITIVE HERO IN THE UKRAINIAN MAGICAL TALE

The article examines the features of the image of a positive hero of a magical fairy tale, its content, context, and educational potential. The purpose of this article is to study of the characteristic features of the image of the positive hero of the Ukrainian fairy tale and the identification of his educational potential. The study of the image of the positive hero in Ukrainian magical fairy tales employs a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating folklore studies, literary criticism, and cultural anthropology. This method allows for an in-depth examination of the narrative structures, thematic elements, and cultural significance of the tales. The primary sources for this study include a comprehensive collection of Ukrainian magical tales, scholarly articles, and historical texts that provide insights into the evolution of these stories and their roles within Ukrainian culture. The types of heroes of magical tales are highlighted, their national and universal virtues are analyzed. Mythologemes and archaisms of the fairy tale "Kotygoroshko" were studied. It was concluded that the images of positive heroes of fairy tales in their own actions, activities, exploits, communication with other characters appear as integral human characters, exponents of the best virtues of the Ukrainian people. Heroes are consistent in their actions, value honor, justice, loyalty to family, people, and Motherland above all else. They wage an implacable struggle against evil in all its forms and always win. These are strong, courageous, honest, reliable knights, devoted to the end of the fight for the truth.

Владимир Соловьев и Вячеслав Иванов: принципы философской герменевтики и традиция диалогов Платона

The article is dedicated to the problem of comparative study of the hermeneutics principles in religious-philosophical and literary-critical discourse of Vladimir Solovyov and Vyacheslav Ivanov. It is shown that Plato’s dialogue traditions in the works of Ivanov were intellectual reflections and expressed “Plato’s turn” in hermeneutical tradition of text interpretation that outlined in Russian religious philosophy. Special comparative study of this problem had not been conducted. It is proved that Ivanov’s interest to Plato’s dialogues derived from various sources. Solovyov’s works and translations of Plato’s works in Russia played a major role in it. Solovyov was a translator and commentator of Socratic dialogues of the ancient Greek philosopher. His introductory chapters made for Plato’s dialogue translations, his literary and philosophical criticism are considered in the article. Materials form Ivanov’s personal archive are analyzed and they show that he was interested in Plato’s dialogues “Timaeus”, “Phaedrus” and others. His articles, lectures, under-investigated materials and the books “Dionysus and Pre-Dionysianism” (1923) and “Dostoevsky. Tragedy-Myth-Mysticism” (1932) are considered. A.F. Losev’s works on ancient philosophy and his research on Solovyov and works of F. Schleiermache, H.G. Gadamer and became the object of the comparative analysis. It is shown that Plato’s dialectics and dialogues became major source for development of philosophical hermeneutics principles for Solovyov, Ivanov and Losev. It is shown that a myth in Solovyov’s, Ivanov’s and Losev’s works as well as in Plato’s dialogues becomes a category of thinking, a way of religious-philosophical perception, a form of artistic representation of the image-symbol and a basis of hermeneutical dialectic understanding. Solovyov and Ivanov’s view on Plato and Platonism is important for studying the development of hermeneutic ideas in Russian philosophy and literature studies.

Къэшэж Иннэ лъэпкъ гупсысэкIэ псыхьа и усыгъэм урысейпсо щэнхабзэм щиубыд увыпIэр (УсакIуэр къызэралъхурэ илъэс 80 щрикъум ирихьэлIэу)

The article examines the life and work of the Russian-speaking Adyghe (Kabardian) poetess Inna Inalovna Kashezheva. The purpose of the work is a comprehensive study of her creative heritage in the evolution of national literatures and the domestic literary process. The research uses meth-ods of literary analysis, synthesis, description, as well as comparative-historical, cultural-historical, socio-historical methods. The structure of the work includes an introduction, two sec-tions in which the authors conduct an analysis of literary texts and translations, as well as a con-clusion. The introductory part highlights the main stages of I. Kashezheva’s life and creative path. A biobibliographical certificate is presented, and the poetess’s birth date is determined using cur-rent opinions from literary scholars, critics, publicists, and friends and acquaintances. Issues con-cerning the formation of creativity are explored, the first publications of poetry are studied, previ-ously undiscovered works and books are placed into scholarly circulation (a collection of transla-tions of poems by I. Kashezheva “Laabze” / “Mark”; a two-volume collected works, etc.). The ar-ticle examines lifetime publications and books that were published after her departure and addi-tionally include works of art, articles about life and work, dedication poems/messages from I. Ka-shezheva from colleagues in the pen, as well as her translations, interviews and essays about poets of Kabardino-Balkaria. In the main research part of the article, an analysis of poems and songs is carried out; the main motives of poetry, the structural and compositional features of the works, which together constitute the poetic ethnocode of I. Kashezheva, are identified. The results ob-tained in the future will contribute to a further, more in-depth and extensive monographic study of the poetry of I. Kashezheva, restoring a complete picture of the evolution of her work.

Periodisasi Sejarah Sastra Masa Andalusia

The periodization of Arabic literature in Andalusia as shown by historians differs from one another. This is interesting to research, especially examining the differences in periodization. This research aims to find a reliable chronology of the periodization of the history of Arabic literature in Andalusia. To find the correct chronology of the periodization of Arabic literary history, researchers use historical methods. Researchers found the following periodization: chronologically, the historical periods of Arabic literature in Andalusia are divided into six. First, 711-755 AD, no literary manuscripts have been found. Second, 755-912 AD, literary texts were found under Ad-Dakhil's reign but were still oriented towards Masyriq literature. Third, 912-1013 AD, namely the period when the group of kings called "Mulukut Tawaif" was formed and literary critics began to appear. Fourth, 1013-1086 AD, literature at this time was still oriented towards Masyriq literature but the difference lay in the ability of Andalusian writers to use more real and imaginative wording. Fifth, 1086-1248 AD, during this time poets and philosophers emerged, among the famous ones being Ibnu Thufail and Ibnu Rushd. Sixth, 1248-1492 AD, during this period lament literature began to be introduced and continued to develop rapidly.

Understanding Sarinah as an Arena for Feminism Education Based on Local Culture

General Background: Feminism education is crucial for fostering mutual respect and understanding of gender differences, emphasizing the social identity of archipelago feminism. This approach embraces the values of womanhood rooted in Indonesian culture and customs. Specific Background: The book "Sarinah" by President Sukarno offers a foundational perspective for exploring the historical and cultural significance of feminism education in Indonesia. Knowledge Gap: Despite analyses of "Sarinah" focusing on feminist values and Marxist literary criticism, research on the specific educational arena of feminism in Indonesia is limited. Aims: This study aims to analyze the Indonesian feminism education arena as presented in "Sarinah," using a qualitative methodology, including literature review and event interpretation. Results: The analysis identifies four key aspects: the third phase of civilization evolution, the role of intelligence, motivations of Indonesian feminism, and external influences such as society, family, and education systems. Novelty: The study highlights the distinctiveness of feminism education in Indonesia by focusing on local cultural values. Implications: The research emphasizes integrating cultural and traditional values in feminism education to promote gender equality. It calls for empowering women, recognizing their equal capabilities to men, and eliminating discrimination based on gender, class, or ethnicity. Highlights: Cultural Relevance: Emphasizes aligning feminism education with Indonesian cultural values. Key Factors: Identifies intelligence, motivation, and societal influences in the education arena. Empowerment: Highlights the need to empower women and address barriers to gender equality. Keywords: Pendidikan Feminisme, Arena, Adat, Budaya Nusantara

Virginia Woolf s A Room of One s Own: A Foundational Feminist Vision in Euro-American Thought

Virginia Woolf’s seminal work, A Room of One’s Own, published nearly a century ago, is reexamined in this study as not only a feminist manifesto but as a feminist vision that anticipated some of the key features addressed in subsequent Euro-American feminist philosophies. Divided into three sections, the research offers a close analysis of Woolf’s text and its prescient insights, discussing separately the particular focal concerns of British, American, and French feminism, and elaborating on the ways these were envisioned and addressed as early as 1929 in Woolf’s visionary text. The study utilizes Showalter’s typology to analyze Woolf’s text and to organize elaborations on the points Woolf addresses and envisions that became fundamental within subsequent Euro-American feminist criticism, including the correlation between economic and social conditions and intellectual freedom, the necessity of women’s inclusion in the literary canon, and the significance of feminine discourse and gynocriticism. By highlighting Woolf’s remarkable foresight, this research positions A Room of One’s Own not only as a foundational feminist text but also as a profound feminist vision that continues to inform feminist thought today. This re-examination of Woolf’s work contributes to on-going academic discourse surrounding feminist theory and literary criticism.

:The Literary Criticism of Samuel Johnson: Forms of Artistry and Thought

:<i>The Literary Criticism of Samuel Johnson: Forms of Artistry and Thought</i>

MYTH IN "NOMADIC NOVELS" BY S.SANBAEV (ARTISTIC SPACE AND TIME)

Myth is not only a source of “eternal” plots and archetypes, but also has a structuring effect on the organization of space and time of a work of art. A particularly close connection with folklore and mythology is observed in national literature.The purpose of the article was to analyze the features of the organization of space and time in S. Sanbaev's “Nomadic novels” as a reflection of the mythological and national picture of the world, which is a new approach in the study of S. Sanbaev's work.During the study, literary and mythopoetic analysis of the text was used, which allows us to better understand the author’s intention, identify hidden meanings and codes, as well as systematic research for a holistic analysis of the work. As a result of the study, a number of provisions were established that reveal the scientific significance of the work. The cyclicity of time is reflected in the roll call of epochs, the succession of the hero's name, the repetition of storylines, as well as in the construction of the cycle of stories itself. The circular construction of the stories is enhanced by the motifs of the road and returns, which are cross-cutting in the cycle. The mythological space is characterized by a tripartite structure of the universe: the division into the upper -middle -lower worlds. The horizontal cosmogonic model with orientation to the cardinal points is clearly traced in the principle of the structure of the Shakpak temple. The practical significance of the work is that the article can be used as an additional educational material in preparation for lectures and seminars on the discipline “Mythopoeticanalysis of literary text”, “Methods of literary criticism” in higher educational institutions, as well as in university special coursesin the creative laboratory of writers.

The Function of Language in Understanding Islamic Psychology in Islamic Educational Institutions: A Critical Literature Review

The Function of Language in Understanding Islamic Psychology in Islamic Educational Institutions: A Critical Literature Review

Location-Routing Problem for Integrated Supply Chain Network Design with First and Last Mile: A Critical Literature Review

Location-Routing Problem for Integrated Supply Chain Network Design with First and Last Mile: A Critical Literature Review

Humour based on flouting Grice’s conversational maxims in Ali Douagi’s "The Star-Gazer"

Attardo (1993) argues that humour in conversation is partly created by flouting or violating Grice’s Conversational Maxims. A few studies have probed the validity of this claim by investigating humour in literary texts (Amianna &amp; Putranti, 2017; Al-Zubeiry, 2020). However, to the best of our knowledge, not one study has probed this claim on the basis of a Tunisian literary text. Situated within the theoretical framework of Grice’s Cooperative Principle (henceforth CP), this qualitative and descriptive study tries to fill this gap, at least partially, by examining humour in dialogue in Ali Douagi’s short story “The Star-Gazer”. The text is based on an interactional dialogue between a man and a woman. The study’s results suggest that utterances in the dialogue in this story flout the Maxim of Quantity by giving too much or too little information to the hearer, and are found to flout the Maxim of Relation by stating things that are irrelevant to the topic of conversation. Utterances are found to flout the Maxim of Manner by stating things that are long, unclear and ambiguous, but no flouting of the Maxim of Quality is found. The humour in the text is found to be, at least partially, determined by flouting Grice’s Conversational Maxims. As such, the study corroborates the claim that humour in conversation is, partly, determined by flouting or violating Grice’s Conversational Maxims. It is argued that this work contributes to pragmatics, humour research and literary criticism.

The influence of Survivor stories and a virtual reality representation of a residential school on reconciliation in Canada

Indigenous Peoples in Canada have endured many genocidal efforts, such as residential schools. Across the country, initiatives to promote critical historical education about residential schools are underway, ranging in duration, content, and immersion. In this study, we tested whether a promising high-immersion approach, a virtual reality residential school, could improve non-Indigenous participants' attitudes and feelings toward Indigenous people. We compared the effects of the virtual residential school to a transcript condition, in which participants read the transcripts of the narration that accompanied the virtual residential school, and an empty control condition. The study had three time points: Baseline (N = 241), intervention (N = 241), and follow-up (N = 132). Immediately following the intervention, what participants learned about the residential school, both through virtual reality and reading the transcripts, increased non-Indigenous participants' empathy, political solidarity, and outgroup warmth for Indigenous people, relative to the control. The virtual reality school, but not transcripts, also increased privity relative to the control. These effects decreased over time. In summary, though both written and virtual reality forms of critical historical education were effective in the short term, to maintain the long-term effects of critical historical education, ongoing or recurring education is likely necessary. These results extend the virtual reality literature to unstudied concepts (political solidarity, privity) and critical historical education literature to a new form of media (virtual reality). We discuss the findings in relation to literature on critical historical education and virtual reality as well as outline future directions.