Liquid Regeneration Research Articles

Novel liquid regeneration system with solar evacuated tubes and evaporative bed

AbstractA novel liquid regeneration system integrated with solar evacuated tubes and an evaporative bed was made and tested. Two vacuum tubes were used to heat potassium formate (HCOOK) solution. The hot solution was supplied to an inclined evaporative bed where water was evaporated from the solution by the flow of warm/hot air flow over the bed. The warm/hot air could be provided by a solar air collector. For high efficiency regeneration, a high solution temperature and low vapour pressure in the warm/hot air are required, but as these conditions are contradictory, tests were carried out to establish the optimum compromise in terms of air flowrate and solution temperature. Experimental work indicated that a solution temperature of 45 to 50°C was optimum option for solution regeneration, using a blowing air temperature of approximately 42°C, which could be provided by a solar air collector. In these experiments, 277 to 761 mL of water were evaporated from a 10·5 L HCOOK solution with a concentration betwe...

Theoretical storage capacity for solar air pretreatment liquid collector/regenerator

A new liquid regeneration equipment—solar air pretreatment collector/regenerator for liquid desiccant cooling system is put forward in this paper, which is preferable to solution regeneration in hot and moist climate in South China. The equipment can achieve liquid regeneration in lower temperature. When the solution and the air are in “match” state in collector/regenerator, a match air to salt mass ratio ASMR ∗ is found by theoretical study in which there is the largest theoretical storage capacity SC max. At T r = 60 °C and X in = 2.33 kg/kg, theoretical calculation discovers when Y in drops from 29 to 14 g/kg, the SC max increase 50% compared with ASMR ∗ being around 26–27. After two new concepts of the effective solution proportion (EPS) and the effective storage capacity (ESC) are defined, it is found by theoretical calculation that when ESP drops from 100% to 67%, ESC raises lowly, not drops and liquid outlet concentration C str.sol increases from 40% to 49% in which its increment totals to 90%. All these data explain fully that air pretreatment liquid regeneration equipment enables to improve the performance of liquid desiccant cooling system.

ハイドロタルサイト担持繊維（ＨＴＣＦ）のリン吸着能力・再生特性

We have been developing a method of establishing a phosphate ion removal, recovery and recycle system using a synthesized Mg-Al-Cl form of hydrotalcite (HT). The powder form of the HT, however, is not ideal for wastewater treatment because of its poor solid-liquid separating efficiency; thus, we have developed a hydrotalcite-carrying fiber (HTCF). The HTCF is made of a porous polymer that carries HT at weight percents of 80-90. The internal structure of the HTCF is composed of a pore structure with continuous holes, so the HTCF is a carrier with a high permeability and exhibits the characteristics of HT sufficiently. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the HTCF, such as adsorption capacity, desorption rate, regeneration rate and change in regeneration rate with regenerating time by applying the "two- liquid regeneration system". As a result, the HTCF showed a high adsorption rate, a high adsorption capacity, a high desorption rate for phosphate ions and a high regeneration rate, equal to that of HT powder. In addition, the HTCF can be reused more than 10 times, maintaining a regeneration ratio of 80% higher. From these results, it was confirmed that the HTCF is a suitable carrier that exhibits characteristics comparable to those of HT powder and can contribute to the establishment of a zero-emission-formula phosphate removal and recovery system for wastewater.

Characterization of protoplasts prepared from the edible fungus, Stropharia rugoso-annulata

Protoplast preparation and regeneration conditions of the edible fungus, Stropharia rugoso-annulata Farlow apud Murrill were studied, and the regenerated progenies were characterized in this study. The optimal condition for protoplast preparation was incubation of young mycelia with gentle shaking in 1.5%(w/v) Lywallzyme at 30 °C for 3 h. PGPM (potato/glucose/peptone/mannitol) was the most suitable regeneration medium. Served as osmotic stabilizer, sugars (mannitol and sucrose) were better than inorganic salts (MgSO4) for clone development and growth. Pre-incubation of protoplasts in liquid regeneration medium resulted in a significantly decreased regeneration rate. Both dikaryotic isolates and monokaryotic isolates could be identified from protoplast-regenerated progenies, with a much higher frequency of monokaryotic isolates identified from the early-developed and fast-growing regenerated clones. Two parental mating types were also identified from protoplasted monokaryotic isolates, but not segregated by 1:1. The mycelial growth rate of protoplasted monokaryotic isolates showed a mating type-dependent model when cultured at different incubation temperatures and pH values, with A2B2 mating type monokaryotic isolates growing faster than those of A1B1 mating type monokaryotic isolates.

Isolation and characterization of the interspecific fusants from Streptomycetes obtained using a liquid regeneration method

: Protoplast fusion between different species of Streptomyces was performed using a liquid regeneration method developed for a rapid and simple preparation of the fusants. Consequently, new clones, which could not be obtained using the conventional agar regeneration method, were obtained. In the crosses between S. griseus and S. durhamensis, and between S. californicus and S. catenulae, eight and two recombinants, respectively, were obtained using the liquid regeneration method. Conversely, in the case of crosses between S. ornatus and S. catenulae, and between S. ornatus and S. vendargensis, seven recombinants each were obtained using only the agar method. The physiological characteristics, such as the assimilation of carbohydrate and antibiotic resistance, of these fusants differed considerably from those of their parental strains. Using the proposed liquid regeneration method, a simpler and quicker procedure for protoplast fusion is described.

Enhanced Regeneration of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Embryogenic Callus by Light Irradiation in Growth Phase.

The effect of light irradiation on the growth and regeneration of embryogenic rice calli was investigated. Rice calli grew slightly better in the light than in the dark during the growth stage. When calli subcultured under light irradiation were transferred into a liquid regeneration culture system, the number of plantlets with shoots regenerated from calli subcultured in the light was higher than in the case of those subcultured in the dark, whereas there was no obvious difference between the light and dark subcultures when a solid medium was used for the regeneration. The number of regenerated plantlets increased with increasing light intensity up to 2000 lx, but remained the same when the light intensity was raised further. The maximum number of regenerated plantlets was obtained under a photoperiod of 16 h/d. About 8800 plantlets per liter-medium were regenerated from light-cultured calli, which is 1.5 times more than the number regenerated from calli grown in the conventional dark culture.

Enhanced regeneration of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) embryogenic callus by light irradiation in growth phase

The effect of light irradiation on the growth and regeneration of embryogenic rice calli was investigated. Rice calli grew slightly better in the light than in the dark during the growth stage. When calli subcultured under light irradiation were transferred into a liquid regeneration culture system, the number of plantlets with shoots regenerated from calli subcultured in the light was higher than in the case of those subcultured in the dark, whereas there was no obvious difference between the light and dark subcultures when a solid medium was used for the regeneration. The number of regenerated plantlets increased with increasing light intensity up to 2000 lx, but remained the same when the light intensity was raised further. The maximum number of regenerated plantlets was obtained under a photoperiod of 16 h/d. About 8800 plantlets per liter-medium were regenerated from light-cultured calli, which is 1.5 times more than the number regenerated from calli grown in the conventional dark culture.

Plant regeneration from embryogenic cell suspension cultures of wild sorghum ( Sorghum dimidiatum Stapf.)

A simple and efficient protocol is described for regeneration of wild sorghum (Sorghum dimidiatum) from cell suspension cultures. Fast-growing cell suspensions were established from shoot-meristem-derived callus. Plating of the suspension on Murashige and Skoog agar medium supplemented with 2.5 mg l–1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) resulted in the formation of embryogenic calli. High-frequency (80%) somatic embryogenesis from small cell clusters (300–400 μm) was observed when the cultures were initially maintained in liquid medium with reduced levels of 2,4-D (0.25 mg l–1), followed by transfer to regeneration medium. Direct plating of these small clusters on regeneration medium or transfer to liquid regeneration medium containing kinetin and 6-benzylaminopurine resulted in the development of mature somatic embryos and plantlets. The regenerants developed to maturity and were all phenotypically and cytologically normal.

Effect of culture methods on the regeneration of albino rice (Oryza sativa L.) plantlets

In our study, we investigated the effects of regeneration conditions on both green and albino rice plants (Oryza sativa L.). The regeneration frequency of an albino cell line was compared to a normal cell line obtained from mature seed under two kinds of culture conditions; namely, the static culture on semi-solid regeneration medium and the suspension culture in liquid regeneration medium. The albino cell line, from which only albino plantlets were regenerated, was induced from the albino leaf segments. There were no significant differences in the regeneration frequencies between normal and albino calli on the semisolid regeneration medium. On the other hand, the frequency of regeneration of albino calli was significantly lower than that of the control specifically in the liquid regeneration medium.

イネ幼植物体の再分化培養過程と組織体内電解質イオン濃度との関係

Plantlets regeneration culture by the method of medium exchange (two-step, from the first Fl medium to the second F2 medium) liquid regeneration was conducted to clarify a relationship between internal electric conductivity (EC) and fresh weight (W) of the cultured rice tissues (calli, plantlets) EC and W of the cultured rice tissues were measured in terms of mS/cm and mg, respectively. There was a good correlation between EC and W, and regression equation was as follows : EC = 31. 25xW-0.382 (mS/cm/mg) [95% confidence limit of regression index (0.382), 0. 178]. Namely, the heavier the weight [mg (FW)] of inoculated calli, calli-parts of regenerated plantlets and regenerated plantlets were, the lower the density of internal electrolytes was.Total content of internal electrolytes in the tissues (TEC) was represented by the following equation, TEC = 31. 25xW0.618. This equation was obtained by multiplying both members of the above-mentioned equation by W.It was possible to optimize strength and volume of F2 medium as compared with F1 medium. This is, the above W-0.382 of EC formula gave a close approximation F 2 strength 0.65 to a experimental F 2 strength 0.50 by substituting 3. 14 [= (9.9/ 1) 1/2] for W, and the above W0.618 of TEC gave a good approximation F2 volume 2. 03 to a experimental volume 2.00 by substituting 3. 14 for W. In the same way, regression equation between internal H+ or total internal H+ (TH+) and W was expressed as follows : H+ =127. 5xW-0.422 or TH+ = 127. 5xW0.578.The above-mentioned equations represented the experimental results well.

High frequency somatic embryogenesis from coffee leaves

An improved procedure for the induction, proliferation and regeneration of embryogenic callus from coffee leaf explants has been developed. The optimal culture conditions for callus induction and somatic embryogenesis yielded so-called “high frequency” embryogenic callus ofCoffea canephora P. ex Fr., Arabusta and Congusta, more rapidly and abundantly than other published procedures.Coffea arabica L. genotypes, however, were less responsive to the procedure. The highest multiplication rate of embryogenic callus in liquid culture, which avoided the differentiation of embryos, was obtained by culture at an inoculum density of 10 g callus 1-1 in a modified MS medium containing 4.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, under 3 μmol m-2 s-1 illumination, and subcultured every 7–10 days. The best long-term maintenance of embryogenic potential was obtained by culture of aggregates (250–1000 μm in diameter) at an inoculum density of 5 g 1-1, with medium renewed every 3–4 weeks. Under these conditions, embryogenic potential ofC. canephora callus was maintained for over 2 years. Analysis of nutrients absorbed by the callus cultures demonstrated that half strength MS macro- and micro-salts were not depleted during at least 3 weeks of sustained culture. The highest regeneration of embryogenic callus required the omission of 2,4-D and a reduced culture density of 1 g 1-1. Under these conditions of culture, 1 g ofC. canephora or Arabusta callus produced 1.2 and 0.9×105 somatic embryos, respectively, after 8–10 weeks in liquid regeneration medium. This was an overall reduction of 4–6 months from explant to regenerant, when compared with other procedures.

Enhancement of plantlet regeneration by medium exchange in liquid regeneration culture of rice(Oryza sativa L.).

Enhancement of plantlet regeneration by medium exchange in liquid regeneration culture of rice(Oryza sativa L.).

High Yield Isolation and Rapid Recovery of Protoplasts From Suspension Cultures of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Summary Conditions were established which allow quantitative isolation of protoplasts during the growth cycle of suspension cultures of Lycoperskon esculentum . Protoplasts prepared from logarithmically dividing cell suspension (1–3 days) were small and plasma rich. When they were cultivated in liquid medium regeneration of cell walls started immediately and, within 40 h of cultivation, all living protoplasts, e. g. 60–70% of the plated protoplasts, had formed new cell walls. First mitoses could be detected after 18 h. Great mitotic activity was observed in the following days. Protoplasts derived from the phase of cell enlargement (4–7 days) were more heterogeneous in size and clearly vacuolated. Less than 10% of them regenerated cell walls and cell division occurred seldom. Pictures obtained by staining with Giemsa suggest that binucleate protoplast were formed from cells which were interrupted in mitosis during protoplast isolation.

Plantlet regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of Digitalis lanata Ehrh.

Protoplasts were isolated from the mesophyll of Digitalis lanata enzymatically and cultured in a liquid regeneration medium (D2a). Protoplast division occurred at a rate of approximately 30%. Mature cell colonies were transferred onto agar medium (D2b)where they developed into cell clusters with a diameter of about 4-5 mm. After transfer onto MS medium, these calli differentiated leaves and shoots which could be rooted on MS medium containing a low hormone concentration.