Lipid Values Research Articles

Detection value of FOXO1 gene methylation, blood glucose and lipids in patients with type 2 diabetic kidney disease.

Forkhead transcription factor O1 (FOXO1) methylation is associated with inflammation. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is characterized with increased inflammatory markers such as uric acid, hemogram indices, C-reactive protein derived markers, omentin and neuregulin. This study aimed to investigate the effect of DNA methylation in FOXO1 gene promoter, blood glucose and lipids in the process of type 2 DKD. Bisulfite genomic sequencing was used to monitor DNA methylation in the promoter region (+1021, +1193) of FOXO1 gene. The detections were taken in glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose and blood lipid. 81 participants were divided into the control group, the preliminary diabetes mellitus group, the pure diabetes mellitus group, and the DKD group. The other groups displayed higher fasting plasma glucose than the control group (all P value < .05). The fasting plasma glucose level was higher in the pure diabetes mellitus group than the preliminary diabetes mellitus group (P = .004). The levels of HbA1c were higher in other groups than control group and preliminary diabetes mellitus groups (all P values < .01). The high-density lipoprotein level was lower in the DKD group (P = .021, P = .022) than control and pure diabetes mellitus group. The levels of low-density lipoprotein were statistically lower in preliminary diabetes mellitus and DKD groups than control group (all P value < .02). Along with the progress of DKD, a down trend was observed in the total methylation rate of FOXO1 gene (P = .025), which contains 5 CpG sites (1021, +1193) in the promoter. Hypomethylation in the promoter of FOXO1 gene, hyperglycemia and low level of serum lipid might be associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 DKD.

Antioxidant activity of corncob liquid smoke and traditional to smoked milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsk) during frozen storage

Smoking is one of the efforts to maintain the quality of smoked fish. Phenol compounds in smoke can act as natural antioxidants to inhibit lipid oxidation. Milkfish have a high lipid content after protein, which can undergo lipid oxidation during processing and storage. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of antioxidant activity on different smoking methods and storage time for 28 days at freezing temperature on the quality of smoked milkfish. Corn cob liquid smoke was used due to phenol content as an antioxidant. The design used in this study was a factorial completely randomized design that consisted of two factors. The first factor is the difference in smoking methods, corncob liquid smoke (Ac) and Traditional (Tr). While the second factor is the length of storage on day 0 (T0); day 14 (T14) and day 28 (T28). The test parameters observed were analysis of phenol content; PV; TBA; lipid content; and pH. The results of this study showed that different smoking methods and storage time at freezing temperature showed significant differences (P&lt;0.05) in the phenol value; PV; TBA; lipid value; and pH of smoked milkfish. During storage, the phenol value; lipid; and pH of smoked milkfish decreased. Meanwhile, the value of PV and TBA increased as a result of the lipid oxidation process so as to produce peroxide from detheorized fat. The PV and TBA values of smoked milkfish are still acceptable by consumers.Keywords: Antioxidant acticvity; Corncob liquid smoke; Milkfish; Traditional

Effects of Blood Meal Inclusion Diet on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization and Survival Rate of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) in Concrete Pond

The inclusion of blood meal as a substitution for commercial fishmeal in the practical fish diets was evaluated in Clarias gariepinus juveniles (initial weight: 11.45±0.25g and initial length: 9.00±0.91cm) for a period of 39 weeks. The proximate analysis of blood meal had 50.04%, 4.95%, 0.98%, 3.05%, 16.51% and 19.00% representing value of crude protein, lipid, fibre, ash, moisture and nitrogen free extract, respectively. Five isonitrogenous diets (40% crude protein) containing fishmeal which was replaced by blood meal at graded level of 0% as control, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were formulated. A total of 300 juveniles were used and randomly distributed into five treatments with each having triplicates of 20 fish per pond respectively. Fish were fed twice daily at 5% body weight in equal proportions at 8.00 am and 4.00 pm. At the end of the feeding trial, the results showed that growth performance were significant higher (p&lt;0.05) in fish fed control diet (1263.55g) and 25% BM diet (1068.67 g), mean length gain (54.16 cm and 50.85 cm), protein efficiency ratio (31.59% and 24.22%) and percentage weight gain (11035.3% and 8476.03%) compared to other treatments diets with the lowest values of (675.35 g, 46.86 cm, 11.73% and 4190.63%, respectively) recorded in fish fed 100% BM diet. However, Feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, average daily growth and survival rate were not significantly difference (p&gt;0.05) in all the dietary treatments. The water quality parameters monitored were within recommended ranged and were not affected by the supplemented diets. It can be concluded that inclusion of blood meal up to 25% can efficiently replace fish meal without any deleterious effects on growth, feed utilization and survival rate. The use of blood meal as an alternative protein source in diets of farmed fish species will reduce the cost of feeds; boost the profitability and sustainability of the fish production.

Association Between Serum Lipids and Survival in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Meta-analysis and Population-Based Study.

To explore the association between lipids, polygenic profile scores (PPS) for biomarkers of lipid metabolism, markers of disease severity, and survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We meta-analyzed the current literature on the prognostic value of lipids in patients with ALS. Subsequently, we evaluated the relationship between lipid levels at diagnosis, clinical disease stage, and survival in all consecutive patients diagnosed in the Netherlands. We determined the hazard ratio (HR) of each lipid for overall survival, defined as death from any cause. A subset of patients was matched to a previous genome-wide association study; data were used to calculate PPS for biomarkers of lipid metabolism and to determine the association between observed lipid levels at diagnosis and survival. Meta-analysis of 4 studies indicated that none of the biomarkers of the lipid metabolism were statistically significantly associated with overall survival; there was, however, considerable heterogeneity between study results. Using individual patient data (N = 1,324), we found that increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was associated with poorer survival (HR of 1.33 (95% CI 1.14-1.55, p < 0.001)). The correlation between BMI and HDL cholesterol (Pearson r -0.26, 95% CI -0.32 to -0.20) was negative and between BMI and triglycerides (TG) positive (Pearson r 0.18, 95% CI 0.12-0.24). Serum concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were lower in more advanced clinical stages (both p < 0.001). PPS for biomarkers of lipid metabolism explained 1.2%-13.1% of their variance at diagnosis. None of the PPS was significantly associated with survival (all p > 0.50). Lipids may contain valuable information about disease severity and prognosis, but their main value may be driven as a consequence of disease progression. Our results underscore that gaining further insight into lipid metabolism and longitudinal data on serum concentrations of the lipid profile could improve the monitoring of patients and potentially further disentangle ALS pathogenesis.

Antioxidant activity of corncob liquid smoke and traditional to smoked milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsk) during frozen storage

Smoking is the one of the efforts to maintain the quality of smoked fish. Phenol compounds in smoke can act as natural antioxidants to inhibit the lipid oxidation. Milkfish has a high lipid content after protein, that can undergo lipid oxidation during processing and storage. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of antioxidant activity on different smoking methods and storage time for 28 days at freezing temperature on the quality of smoked milkfish. Corn cob liquid smoke was used due to phenol content as an antioxidant. The design used in this study was a factorial completely randomized design which consisted of two factors. The first factor is the difference in smoking methods, corncob liquid smoke (Ac) and Traditional (Tr). While the second factor is the length of storage on day 0 (T0); day 14 (T14) and day 28 (T28). The test parameters observed were analysis of phenol content; PV; TBA; lipid content; and pH. The results of this study showed that different smoking methods and storage time at freezing temperature showed significant differences (P&lt;0.05) on the phenol value; PV; TBA; lipid value; and pH of smoked milkfish. During storage, phenol value; lipid; and pH of smoked milkfish decreased. Meanwhile, the value of PV and TBA increased as a result of the lipid oxidation process so as to produce peroxide from detheorized fat. The PV and TBA values of smoked milkfish are still acceptable by consumers.Keywords: Antioxidant acticvity; Corncob liquid smoke; Milkfish; Traditional

Peripheral Atherosclerotic Profile in Type 1 Diabetic Patients: Lipid Ratios as a Predictive Marker of Asymptomatic Patients

Objective: To investigate the relationship between Lipid ratios and asymptomatic peripheral artery disease (aPAD) in type 1 diabetic patients.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 223 diabetics. Patients were segregated with aPAD when their ankle-brachial index (ABI) was abnormal (ABI ≤ 0.90, or ABI &gt; 1.20). Patients were segregated into the following groups (patients with normal ABI vs. patients with arterial stiffness). The association between lipid ratios and aPAD was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis and the receiver operator characteristic curve.&#x0D; Results: Our study reported a slight preponderance of females (108 males vs. 115 females), with a mean age of 30.70±9.69 years and a diabetes duration of 11.13±8.95 years. The prevalence of arterial stiffness was 38.11%. TC/HDL-C ratio was a significant predictor for atherosclerosis with a sensitivity of 77.3%, specificity of 62.5%, and diagnostic accuracy of 0.758%. The results revealed that the 4th quartile (odds ratio [OR]=12.52 [5.06-31.00], p=&lt;0.001) of TC/HDL-C ratio was statistically higher in patients with arterial stiffness. Similarly, the last quartiles of LDL-C/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C ratio were higher in the arterial stiffness group (OR=3.70 [1.68-8.11], p=0.001; OR=4.74 [2.12-10.59], p=&lt;0.001; respectively). In the arterial stiffness group, non-traditional lipid values were significantly higher in males compared to females.&#x0D; Conclusion: Lipid ratios are correlated with aPAD in type 1 diabetic patients, and should thus be assessed in clinical decision-making and risk stratification on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Secular Trends in Obesity and Serum Lipid Values among Children in Oita City, Japan, during a 27-Year Period.

We assessed 27-year trends in obesity and blood lipid levels of 10-year-old children to estimate the risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Based on a screening program for lifestyle-related diseases in school children in Oita City, Japan, we evaluated secular trends in height, weight, percentage of overweight (POW), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C) of fifth graders (median age: 10.8 years) in Oita City from 1991 to 2017. We focused on the secular trend in the percentage of children with inappropriate serum levels of each lipid. We also evaluated the long-term trends in the 95th, 50th, and 5th percentiles for each parameter, as dependent variables, with the calendar year as an independent variable. Percentages of children with mild obesity (POW-20), moderate obesity (POW-30), and severe obesity (POW-50) were set as dependent variables. A total of 58,699 boys and 56,864 girls were evaluated during the study period. The percentage of children with severe obesity (POW-50) consistently increased during these years, and the 95th percentile of degree of obesity significantly increased in both boys and girls. The plot of percentages of children with inappropriate levels of TC, TG, and non-HDL-C showed a mild inverted U shape during the study period. The HDL-C level typically decreased in the study period, and the TC, TG, and non-HDL-C levels were markedly higher while the HDL level was lower in obese children than in non-obese children. The number of children with severe obesity increased, and obese children had higher percentages of inappropriate lipid levels than non-obese children. The rate of dyslipidemia with low HDL levels gradually increased in all children in Oita City, Japan, over the past 27 years.

Screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia in primary school children: protocol for a cross-sectional, feasibility study in Luxembourg city (EARLIE)

IntroductionFamilial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a frequent (1:300) autosomal dominantly inherited condition which causes premature (women <60 years, men <55 years) cardio–cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Early detection and initiation of treatment can...

Leaf wax isotopes reveal distinct hominin paleoenvironments in the Eastern Qinling Mountains of central China

Here, we present the first leaf wax record in association with Paleolithic occupations in the Eastern Qinling Mountains of central China. This region has been the focus of numerous archaeological projects, as it contains evidence of some of the oldest (∼2.0–1.2 Ma) hominin occupations in eastern Eurasia and is one of the key areas yielding bifacial handaxe technology. Previous research demonstrates that these mountains represent a physio-geographic barrier that separates the semi-arid north from the sub-tropical south and defines northern and southern Paleolithic industries. Although evidence suggests models associated with the Qinling Mountains need refinement, our results demonstrate that there are observable differences between the southern and northern Qinling Mountains and are in good agreement with previous observations. Here, we use the carbon isotopic values (δ13C) of leaf wax lipids to reconstruct the ratio of C3 to C4 vegetation at long-term Pleistocene Homo erectus occupations of the Hanzhong and Luonan Basins of the Eastern Qinling Mountains. In Hanzhong, isotopic range is low (1.5‰) and vegetation was dominated by C3 vegetation (85–90%) throughout the middle to late Pleistocene. Paleolithic technologies associated with these stable vegetation regimes are dominated by expedient Mode I technologies throughout the entire record. Conversely, in Luonan, isotopic range is significantly higher (4.2‰) and C4 vegetation increases to approximately 40% during some periods, which represents the expansion of forest-grassland mosaics. These fluctuating vegetation regimes are also associated with the emergence of Mode II bifacial technology, suggesting variable environments triggered the need for multifunctional handaxe technology. Our research demonstrates that there are key differences between the southern and northern Qinling Mountains, and that the northern Qinling Mountains are associated with both forest-grassland mosaics and less expedient technologies. Finally, in both basins our records demonstrate that patterns in C3:C4 track Marine Isotope Stages and appear to operate on interglacial-glacial timescales.

Effect of the first and second COVID-19 associated lockdown on the metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes in Greece

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown periods on the metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in three academic diabetes centers in Greece. There was a slight improvement in BMI, blood pressure and lipid values while the remaining parameters remained stable.

Open-source perfusion system for medium-scale fabrication of demineralized bone matrix chip grafts

Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is considered one of the most reliable bone tissue grafts for regular surgical use, as it provides a scaffold that is structurally like native bone, and that enhances bone regeneration. However, commercially available DBM products are not suited for surgical restitutions of large bones. Therefore, each Tissue Bank is urged to implement their own demineralization protocol, which usually does not meet the high demand for bone grafting. In this project, we developed an open source system for medium-scale manufacturing of DBM grafts from human cadaveric donors to automate the demineralization protocol and improve its reproducibility. The device consists in (1) unidirectional flow reaction chamber, where the demineralization protocol takes place; (2) automated syringe pump, which controls the reagent́s inlet and vacuum; and (3) reagent dispenser, for the management of the reagents need for the demineralization protocol. Validation of the device included histological analysis, DNA quantification temperature regulation, electrochemiluminescence and colorimetric protocols, followed by the optimization of physicochemical parameters based on Response Surface Methodology. The results showed values of residual lipids and calcium within standardized ranges, and the maintenance of the structural integrity of the DBM, demonstrating the capacity of the system to support the proposed demineralization protocol.

Effects of Dietary Rapeseed (Brassica napus), Hemp (Cannabis sativa) and Camelina (Camelina sativa) Seed Cakes Supplementation on Yolk and Albumen Colour and Nutritional Value of Yolk Lipids in Estonian Quail Eggs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementing commercial diets with rapeseed, hempseed and camelina seed cakes on the yolk and albumen colour and nutritional value of yolk lipids in Estonian quail eggs. A total of 585 eggs were used to evaluate egg weight, yolk and albumen pH and colour, proximate yolk composition, cholesterol content and fatty acid composition in the yolk lipids of three Estonian quail groups each fed a diet supplemented with 10% rapeseed, hemp or camelina seed cakes. The higher (p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.05, respectively) lightness (L*) of the yolk was detected in the group of quail fed the diet supplemented with rapeseed and camelina cakes compared to the hempseed addition. Meanwhile, the albumen lightness in the rapeseed group was higher (p &lt; 0.01) in comparison to the camelina group. A lower (p &lt; 0.001) yolk negative a* value was estimated in the hemp group than in the groups fed rapeseed and camelina seed cake supplements, while the rapeseed group demonstrated lower (p &lt; 0.001) albumen yellowness (b*) and colour saturation (C) in comparison to the other groups. The highest and lowest proportions of total saturated (SFAs)and monounsaturated (MUFAs) fatty acids, respectively, were found in the yolk lipids of quails fed a mixture supplemented by hemp cake. A higher (p &lt; 0.05) proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was only found in the hemp group compared to the camelina group. The highest and lowest (p &lt; 0.001) n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios were found in the yolk lipids of quail receiving mixtures supplemented with rapeseed and camelina cakes, respectively. The yolk of the quail from the rapeseed group showed more favourable lower and higher (p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.05, respectively) atherogenic index (AI) and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (h/H) ratio compared to the hemp and camelina groups. The lower yolk cholesterol content was found in the eggs of the quail fed the diet supplemented with rapeseed cake compared to the eggs of the quail which were fed the diets containing more n-3 PUFAs from the addition of hemp and camelina cakes (p &lt; 0.05 and p &lt; 0.01, respectively).

Statin adherence in patients with high cardiovascular risk: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Objectives Statin adherence is an essential problem although lifetime medication is recommended especially in patients with high cardiovascular risk. The importance of perceived risk as a predictor of adherence among cardiology patients has not been fully explored. This study aimed to test the importance of perceived risk as a predictor of statin adherence amongst hypercholesterolemic patients to identify predictors associated with poor adherence. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at cardiology outpatient clinics of the University hospital in Ankara, Turkey. A total of 327 consecutive patients with high CV risk were recruited. Self-reported Morisky Green Levine Medication Adherence Scale was used to assess statin adherence. Results Of the patients studied, 34.5% had concerns about side effects. Also, the mean age was 63.85 ± 11.29 years, 66.1% were men, 32.4% applied non-drug alternative therapies, 53.2% had a Mediterranean-style diet and 20.8% checked their lipid values irregularly. Participants reported 50.2% high, 30% moderate, and 19.9% low statin medication adherence. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) control rates were 44.6%, 74.3%, 61.5% and 41.6%. On multiple logistic regression, concern about side effects was associated with a statistically significant quadruple elevation of odds of non-adherence. Also, being male, former smokers, not having complementary interventions, having regular visits, being educated for more than 5 years, having low depressive symptom scores, living in a rural, being never or former smokers, employee were significant predictors of high medication adherence scores. Conclusion Approximately half of the patients reported high medication adherence. Proper strategies to improve adherence would include patient education efforts focused on patients with concerns about side effects and those who are female, less educated, current smokers, interested in complementary interventions, have irregular follow-up visits, and have depressive symptoms. Brief medication adherence scales may facilitate the assessment of patients’ adherence.

Abstract 12482: Practical Adherence to AHA/ACC 2018 Guidelines Among Secondary Prevention Patients

Introduction: Patients with ASCVD are at increased risk for CV events. The 2018 AHA/ACC lipid guidelines recommend treating these patients with high intensity or maximally tolerated statin therapy. The objective of this study was to describe lipid lowering treatment (LLT) patterns and lipid values across 7 regional health systems. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of electronic health records transformed into the PCORnet common data model (CDM) from 7 sites in the PaTH Clinical Research Network. Adults were eligible for inclusion if an LDL-C value was measured within the past year and &gt; 6 months of pre-index data were available prior to the first LDL-C value in the study period. We defined computable phenotypes for adults meeting AHA/ACC criteria for ASCVD at very high risk (VHR) and not at very high risk (NVHR). Medication use was assessed during the study period using the CDM prescribing table. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize LLT and lipid values within these groups and across sites. Results: NVHR patients (n=69,854) had mean (SD) LDL-C, TG and non-HDL-C of 92.1 (37), 138 (104) and 114.4 (43) mg/dl, respectively; 71% had LDL-C &gt; 70 mg/dL, 30% had TGs 150-500 mg/dL, and 61% had non-HDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL. VHR patients (n=117, 689) had mean (SD) LDL-C, TG and non-HDL-C of 82.9 (43), 138.5 (99), and 106 (43) mg/dl, respectively; 58.6% had LDL-C &gt; 70 mg/dL, 30.5% had TGs 150-500 mg/dL, and 49.8% had non-HDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL. Documented LLT in NVHR and VHR patients was 58% and 69% for statin therapy, 25% and 36% for high intensity statin therapy, 12% and 16% for statin therapy + another LLT, while 37% and 27% had no documented LLT. Conclusions: In this cross-sectional study of NVHR and VHR ASCVD patients, although most had documented statin therapy, only 25% and 36%, respectively were on high intensity statins while more than a quarter of patients had no documented LLT. Recorded LDL, TG and non-HDL-C lab values suggest there may be unaddressed risk in these populations.

Abstract 9822: Yield of a Familial Hypercholesterolemia Genetic Diagnosis After Electronic Health Record and Genomic Data Screening

Background: Data mining of electronic health records (EHR) has been used as a strategy to identify patients with undiagnosed familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Most studies have been limited by the absence of both phenotypic and genotypic data in the same cohort. Methods: Using a subset of the Geisinger MyCode Community Health Initiative (MyCode) cohort with both exome sequencing and EHR data (n=130,257), we ran two FH screening algorithms to determine genetic and phenotypic diagnostic yields: the Mayo Clinic algorithm (Mayo), which identifies those with LDL-C levels &gt; 190 mg/dL, and FIND FH®, the Family Heart Foundation’s machine learning model, to identify individuals with phenotypes suggestive of FH. With 29,243 excluded by Mayo (for secondary causes of hypercholesterolemia, no lipid value in EHR), 52,034 excluded by FIND-FH (insufficient data to run the model), and 187 excluded for prior FH diagnosis, a final cohort of 59,729 participants screened by both algorithms was created. Genetic diagnosis was based on the presence of a pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant in 3 genes implicated in FH via genomic screening. Charts from 180 variant negative participants (60 controls; 120 identified by FIND FH and/or Mayo) were reviewed to calculate Dutch Lipid Clinic Network scores; a score &gt; 5 defined probable or definite FH. Results: Mayo flagged 10,415 subjects; 164 (1.6%) had an FH P/LP variant. FIND-FH flagged 573; 28 (4.9%) had an FH P/LP variant giving a net yield from both algorithms of 167/240 (70%). Confirmation of a phenotypic diagnosis was constrained by lack of EHR data on physical findings or family history (high cholesterol, premature atherosclerotic disease) required for score calculation. Phenotypic FH by chart review was present by Mayo and/or FIND-FH in 13/120 vs 2/60 not flagged by either (p&lt; 0.09). Conclusion: After excluding those with a prior FH diagnosis, applying two recognized phenotypic FH screening algorithms to the eligible MyCode cohort identified 70% of those with a P/LP FH variant. Limitations to this approach include participant exclusions for each algorithm, a low yield of positive genomic screening for Mayo, and a low yield of participants for FIND FH. Phenotypic diagnosis was rarely achievable due to missing data.

PMON257 Oral Ingestion of Macronutrients Selectively and Variably Decrease Circulating Testosterone Concentration in Healthy Men

Abstract We have previously reported acute suppression of testosterone in men after oral ingestion of dextrose. In the present study, we aimed to explore a potentially similar effect in response to other macronutrients. Eleven healthy men (age: 33-70 yrs, BMI 20.4-31.5 kg/m2) were studied in random order after an overnight fast on 4 separate days, involving oral ingestion of 300 ml of either water (control), dextrose, protein, or lipid solutions. Sessions were 6.5 h long, starting at 0800-0900 hrs. Test meals were isocaloric (400 kcal) and were ingested after the 4th blood draw (30 min point). Blood was collected at 10-min intervals for testosterone (ng/dL), and LH (IU/L) measurements. Means of the 1st 4 pre-intervention measures were used as the first value in all the time series. Mean delta-serum (macronutrients-water) testosterone and LH concentrations sampled at 10-minute intervals over 6 hour period were adjusted to the corresponding 1st value to correct for among the sessions inconsistent baseline testosterone and LH measures. Compared to the water day (control), mean (± SE) serum testosterone concentrations (ng/dL) in 11 subjects decreased from 415 ± 36 (control) to 370 ± 31 (dextrose: P=0.009), 340 ± 28 (protein: p=0.002), and 355 ± 30 (lipid: p=0.01). Corresponding LH (IU/L) values for dextrose (3.16 ± 0.29), protein (3.17 ± 0.39), and lipid (3.07 ± 0.29) were not significantly different from the control day (3.3 ± 0.29). Mean delta-testosterone time series revealed decreased testosterone of 63 ng/dL at 130 min after dextrose, 80 ng/dL at 200 min after protein, and 10 ng/dL at 70 min after lipid ingestion. Duration of suppression was variable among the 3 macronutrients, but most prolonged for protein lasting for 320 min. As oppose to testosterone, delta-LH concentrations were more positive rather than negative, suggestive of a potential testicular insult. In conclusion, oral ingestion of all macronutrients decrease circulating testosterone concentration, which appear to be independent of LH secretion. The effect is more intense and prolonged after protein intake, and minimal with lipid ingestion. Future studies are required to define the etiology, and the macronutrient effect on more prolonged basis. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

PMON73 Lipid profile in patients with Cushing's syndrome and the impact of surgical treatment

Abstract Introduction Cushing syndrome (CS) patients have an increased mortality rate, primarily due to increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. We postulated that lipoprotein or lipid profiles might underlie this risk. Methods We measured traditional lipid panels (Cholesterol, TC; calculated low density lipoprotein, LDL; triglycerides, TG; high density lipoprotein, HDL) by Abbot enzymatic assay and lipoprotein particles (particle size and number for HDL, LDL and VLDL) by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in CS patients before and after surgical remission. Values are shown as median (IQR or range). Results After initial evaluation, 41 subjects (median age 53 (IQR 39-63) years; 27 female) had presumed Cushing's disease (CD, n=23), ectopic ACTH secretion (EAS, n=17), or adrenal adenoma (AA, n=1). Fourteen were on chronic statin therapy. All median lipid values were normal except HDL, at 55mg/dl (range 27 - 59mg/dl, normal (RR) &amp;lt;60). Twenty-six patients had decreased HDL; of these, other abnormal values included TC and LDL (n=4), TG (n=4), TC, LDL, TG (n=2), LDL and TG (n=2) or LDL only (n=2). Other elevated LDL levels occurred alone (n=1) or with TC (n=2). Three patients had only an increase in TC, LDL, or TG. Median LDL particle number was increased at 1015 (IQR 809-1353; RR &amp;lt;1000), with normal particle size. Eighteen patients had increased LDL particle number (1005 - 2989); 7/18 had increased TC and/or LDL. The median particle size and number for HDL and VLDL were normal in all patients except for one with an increased VLDL particle number of 199.7 (RR 6.8 - 126.1; TGs 302mg/dl, LDL 61 mg/dl, HDL 36 mg/dl, Chol 158 mg/dl). Sixteen subjects with CD (n=10), EAS (n=5) or AA (n=1) (13 females, median age 53 (IQR 40-58) years) had data at last study visit (LSV) after surgical remission. At LSV (median 13 months, range 3-26 months) abnormal preoperative LDL particle size persisted in 5/10, with new abnormalities (to 1450nm) in 3 patients. Initially high LDL and TC normalized in 3/6 and 4/5 patients. Abnormal HDL values were new in 2 patients and persisted in 7/8 from baseline. HDL particle number was low in two of these patients, while one with an HDL of 90mg/dl had increased particle size (10.6nm). TG and VLDL particle number and size remained normal except for one patient with low values. A statistically significant decrease (p=0.03) of median VLDL particle size from 49.5 nm (IQR 47.8-52.5) to 45.5nm (IQR 43.3–49.6), was noted at LSV. Conclusions While the numbers are small, these data suggest that the moderate cardiovascular risk conferred by elevated LDL particle size and low HDL persisted for up to 26 months of remission. Improved initiation and modification of treatment for these abnormalities might improve outcomes. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

Potential contribution of selected wild fish species to the minerals intake of Pregnant and Lactating Women, Children and Adults in Rural Riverine Communities of Edo State: Insights and Outcomes

Fish have become an irreplaceable food source for animal protein particularly among the socioeconomic disadvantaged and rural households in Nigeria. This study determined the nutrient profiles of fish species from Owan River and estimated their nutrients’ potential contribution to the recommended nutrient intakes (RNIs) for pregnant and lactating women (PLW), adults and children in rural communities along the River. Result of the nutrient composition of Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia zillii showed moisture content of 68.00% and 68.75%; protein value of 16.52% and 17.62%; lipid value of 7.18% and 1.75%; and ash content of 3.56% and 4.34% respectively. Mineral contents - calcium (2.25 to 4.67 mg/100 g), iron (4.01 to 8.33 mg/100 g) and zinc (0.87 to 2.52 mg/100 g). Potential contribution to RNIs showed both fish species meet ≥ 25% of the RNI for iron and zinc in PLW, adults and children; and did not meet the ≥ 25% of the RNI for calcium in PLW, adults and children. This indicates that the fishes are significant sources of iron and zinc, but an inadequate source of calcium. There is need for increased dietary diversity among rural community households, particularly with the inclusion of rich sources of calcium. This study has provided information to guide in diet formulation and curtailing the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among rural households in Nigeria.

Elevated Serum Low-Density Lipoproteins-Cholesterol Levels and B1B2/B2B2 CETP Genotype Are Positively Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Women with Gallstone Disease.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is generated by the interaction between environmental and genetic factors, and the presence of metabolic alterations. Since Taq1B cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) polymorphism is associated with abnormal serum lipid values, it could be related to NAFLD. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the Taq1B CETP polymorphism with serum lipids, anthropometric variables, and the extent of steatosis in Mexican-mestizo women with gallstone disease (GD). Methods: Sixty-two women were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Serum lipids were determined by dry chemistry. The Taq1B CETP polymorphism was determined by allelic discrimination. CETP serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the extent of steatosis with a biopsy staining with Oil-Red-O. Results: Subjects with the B1B2/B2B2 genotype had higher percentage of degree of steatosis than those with B1B1 (11.95% vs. 2.19%, P = 0.008). The B1B2/B2B2 genotype (odds ratio [OR] 3.90 [confidence interval {CI} 95% 1.891-8.536], P = 0.04) and an elevated low-density lipoproteins (LDL)-cholesterol (OR 3.54 [CI 95% 1.042-2.058, P = 0.039) significantly increase the risk for NAFLD. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the B1B2/B2B2 genotype of CETP and the elevated LDL-cholesterol serum levels increase the risk of NAFLD in women with GD.

SEASONAL VARIATION IN PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF GREEN MUSSEL (Perna viridis, LINN. 1758) FROM MOHESHKHALI CHANNEL, THE BAY OF BENGAL, BANGLADESH

Seasonal variation in proximate composition in immature (&lt;40 mm in length) and mature (&gt;40 mm) green mussel (Perna viridis) from Moheshkhali channel of the Bay of Bengal was studied for one year. The percentage values (dry weight) of protein, carbohydrate, ash and lipid in mature mussels were found to be varied from 52.73 to 70%, 11.02 to 33.24 %, 9.05 to 14.22% and 4.52 to 7.89% respectively. While the immature mussels contained 54.42-64.17%, 17.33-30.11%, and 9.59-11.55% and 5.88-6.95% protein, carbohydrate, ash and lipid respectively. However, no significant variation was noticed in proximate composition between mature and immature mussels. The mature mussels showed prominent seasonal variation than the immature ones. The higher values during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods and the lower values during the monsoon period were found for both the mature and immature mussels. Significant positive correlation between protein and lipid, protein and ash, lipid and ash and negative correlation between protein and carbohydrate, carbohydrate and lipid, carbohydrate and ash in both mature and immature mussels were found.&#x0D;