Lipid Profile Values Research Articles

Changes in circulating levels of carboxymethyllysine, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), and inflammation markers in women during normal pregnancy

Objective: To determine the circulating levels of insulin, Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) in maternal and umbilical cord blood in a cohort of healthy women with normal pregnancy. Methods: We conducted an observational longitudinal study in a group of women (n = 31; age range 18–39 years) with healthy pregnancy starting at 30 weeks of gestation and finishing at the time of delivery. We collected weight and height in the participants and their neonates and calculated body mass index (BMI). Blood from each patient was collected at 30th week of pregnancy and at delivery when a sample of cord blood was also obtained. Glucose, lipid profile, CML, sRAGE, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), highly sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsPCR), and insulin were determined. The study was approved by the University of Guanajuato Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: All pregnancies reached term (mean gestational time 38.9 ± 0.83 weeks) and there were no maternal complications. Mean age was 27.6 years. Lipid profile values were higher in the group compared with our values in nonpregnant women. During pregnancy, levels of insulin increased (p < .0006), CML (p < .0001) and sRAGE (p < .01) decreased, levels of MDA did not change, while those of TNF-α and hsPCR tended to increase. In the neonates, we found lower levels of CML (p < .003), hsPCR (p < .004), and insulin (p < .004) and higher levels of sRAGE (p < .013) and TNF-α (p < .022) compared to their mothers at delivery. In the total group, we found association of CML of the mother at baseline with the CML (p < .0006) and MDA (p < .002) in neonates, while maternal sRAGE at the end of pregnancy was associated with CML (p < .004) of their neonates. Conclusions: Our study confirms that normal pregnancy is accompanied by insulin resistance (IR) and significant increase in lipid profile, and demonstrates that circulating levels of CML and sRAGE decreased significantly at the end of pregnancy. The lack of association between the course of insulin levels and those of CML probably results from the predominant role of placental factors in the pathogenesis of IR in pregnancy. sRAGE levels in the neonates are markedly increased compared to their mothers suggesting a placental origin of this compound which may have a protective effect on the fetus since sRAGE restricts Advanced glycation end product (AGE) effects and may exert anti-inflammatory effects.

THE RELATION OF SMOKING AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND ITS RISK FACTORS (ESSE-RF IN KEMEROVSKAYA REGION)

Aim. Analysis of the relation of smoking and alcohol consumption with coronary heart disease (CHD) and its main risk factors (RF).Material and methods. The data analyzed, from the multicenter epidemiological study ESSE-RF (Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors in Russia) in Kemerovaskaya region, on the random sample of male and female inhabitants of 25-64 y.o. (n=1628). With the interview method, data gathered on alcohol consumption and smoking status of the participants, as on their social level, anamnesis, presence of angina pectoris. During medical investigation the values of lipid profile were obtained, weight and height, blood pressure and electrocardiography. The assessment of relation of smoking and alcohol with CHD and its RF was done with the logistic regression.Results. After correction for the modifying RF, most adverse associations were found in the heaviest drinkers regardless smoking: high significant risks of triglyceridemia — odds ratio (OR) is 2,46-4,59, and CHD — OR 3,023,89, as the tendency for statistical significance of hypercholestrolemia. In smokers and heavy alcohol consumers there is tendency to hypertension and diabetes risk. In smokers nonand moderate drinkers there are tendencies for higher hypertension risk, as of higher triglycerides and CHD risk. The category smokers/non-drinkers is characterized by the highest among others significant risk of CHD (OR 9,05). Among all studied groups, the best position hold non-smokers/moderate drinkers, who present with the risks of CHD and RF similar to reference, or lower (non-significant).Conclusion. Results of the study witness on the relation of CHD and its RF with the combination of smoking and alcohol consumption.

The Effect of Thiazide Diuretics on Blood Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Adults: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

This study explores the effect of diuretics use on metabolic markers (i.e., the lipid profile) since thiazide diuretics are extensively used to treat cardiac patients with hypertension (HTN) and other comorbidities.The Embase and PubMed databases were searched for relevant English-language peer-reviewed articles. Different search terms and medical subject headings (MesH) terms were used to find the relevant articles.Our study included randomized controlled trials with hypertensive adult patients in the intervention group receiving thiazide diuretics; controls receiving any other diuretic or any other intervention for HTN where an intention to treat analysis was performed.We collected the demographic details, baseline lipid profile values, and end-of-study lipid profile values of all the participants in the studies along with the standard deviation of each value to calculate the net change effect.Five studies were included. We used the Q-test and I2 index for heterogeneity and the inverse variance method for weighting. We used the fixed effects model for total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) because TC and LDL-C had no heterogeneity (I2 was 0%). We used a random-effects model for triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), which showed moderate heterogeneity (I2 was 57.2% and 59.5%, respectively). We used the Cochrane quality assessment to assess the quality level of the included studies. We used a funnel plot to avoid publication bias.Diuretics have a significant effect on lipid profiles. However, because this conclusion is supported by a low number of studies, further research is needed, and physicians are advised to use their best clinical judgment until the relationship between diuretics and lipid profiles seen in this study can be further supported by additional studies.

Comparison of inflamatory parameters, lipid profile and clinical values in patients with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism

Comparison of inflamatory parameters, lipid profile and clinical values in patients with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism

The therapeutic effects of bee venom on some metabolic and antioxidant parameters associated with HFD-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats.

The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of bee venom (BV) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) in rats at different levels. Histological manifestations, hepatic lipid content, liver function tests, glucose homeostasis, lipid abnormalities, adipocytokines, lipid peroxidation, disturbed glutathione and antioxidant enzymes systems and dysregulation of Nrf2 transcription factor were assessed. In the present study, the NAFL rats were subcutaneously treated with BV with different doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mg/kg). The results indicated that BV treatment completely normalized the lipid profile values of NAFL rats. Fasting blood sugar, insulin level and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance significantly decreased. BV treated rats showed a significantly lower level of all liver enzymes and bilirubin. Moreover, BV treatment significantly increased the levels of active nuclear erythroid factor 2 like 2, glutathione (GSH) (total and reduced), GSH/glutathione disulphide ratio and activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase (total and Se-dependent). The level of tumor necrosis factor-α was reduced. Treatment showed correction of adiponectin level, and significant downregulation of hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol. At the histological level, BV improved the architecture of liver cells showing normal sinusoids. It may be concluded that BV may represent an interesting therapeutic alternative for the treatment of NAFL disease.

Clinical and functional features of thyroid gland dysfunction combined with metabolic syndrome

The associations or relationship of MetS and its components with thyroid gland (TG) dysfunction are well known, and the study was aimed at establishing the clinical and functional features of the thyroid gland dysfunction combined with the metabolic syndrome. The study included 90 patients aged 18 years and older with the presence of comorbidities which included metabolic syndrome and thyroid diseases (MetS and TG); with MetS without TG dysfunction and with TG dysfunction without MetS. A comparative assessment of BMI, insulin, HOMA-IR index, lipid profile values was carried out in the studied subgroups of patients depending on the functional state of the thyroid gland. The study showed that the comorbid course of subcompensated hypothyroidism and MetS is associated with aggravation of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, with a tendency towards an increase in BMI, an unfavourable shift in lipid metabolism.

A study on the altered glycemic and lipid parameters and prevalence of insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Introduction:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic disorder that develops in the absence of alcohol intake. Obesity and diabetes are considered risk factors for the development of fatty liver; however, whether fatty liver is the cause or consequence of these conditions is not yet clear. Insulin resistance (IR) is found to be a common risk factor for the development of diabetes, obesity and fatty liver.Aims and Objectives:The aim and objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of undetected diabetes, dyslipidemia, and IR in subjects with NAFLD.Materials and Methods:In apparently healthy 100 subjects, with ultrasound diagnosis of fatty liver, fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels, fasting insulin levels, and fasting lipid profile were checked. IR value was estimated using homeostatic model assessment-IR formula. Appropriate statistical methods were adopted to analyze the data.Results:A total of 66 subjects out of the 100 had IR. It was noted that IR significantly correlated with raised fasting blood sugar and fasting plasma insulin values. There was no significant correlation between IR and lipid profile values.Conclusion:The chance of developing NAFLD was high if the subjects are having IR, or vice versa. There was an increased prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in the subjects with NAFLD. Waist circumference, rather than body mass index, was found to be a strong predictor of central adiposity and IR.

Significance of Clinical Laboratory Values as early indicators of Myocardial Infarction-A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to determine the significance of assessment of various clinical laboratory parameters as the early indicators of myocardial infarction (MI) in diabetic, hypertensive and hyperlipidemic patients with asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials/Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital during the period of June 2015 to Sep 2015. Medical records of 110 MI patients who had diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia admitted during the period of 2012 to 2014 were collected and analysed. The laboratory parameters such as blood pressure (BP), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood sugar and lipid profile values were collected from the case sheets of the MI patients 3 months before the occurrence of MI. Results: The average age group of the study population was found to be 63.16±13.89 years. 80.91% Of the patients were male and 19.09% were female. Most of the patients were overweight (39.09%) and had significant social habits such as smoking (51.82%), alcoholic (37.27%) and tobacco use (16.36%). Elevated levels of BP, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGLs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), fasting blood glucose (FBG), random blood glucose (RBG), post prandial blood glucose (PPBG) and HbA1c were seen in the study group. Conclusion: Thus BP, HbA1c, blood sugar and lipid profiles were elevated in these high risk patients 3 months before the occurrence of MI. Henceforth these clinical parameters can be used as a prognostic marker in assessing the cardiac risk of developing MI in diabetic, hypertensive and hyperlipidemic patients with asymptomatic CAD.

Impact of Levothyroxine Therapy on Lipid Profile Value in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Impact of Levothyroxine Therapy on Lipid Profile Value in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Homogenization of the lipid profile values

The analytical reports issued by the clinical laboratory are a vital tool for guiding clinicians as to which lipid profile values should be considered abnormal and therefore require intervention. Unfortunately, the lipid values that are reported as “normal, desirable, recommended or reference” vary greatly from laboratory to laboratory. This can hinder the clinical decision-making process and act as a barrier to achieving therapeutic goals in cardiovascular disease prevention. A recent international recommendation added a new heterogeneity factor to the interpretation of the lipid profile, namely the option of measuring lipids without previously fasting. All of the above underpins the need to compile a document that adapts our current knowledge to the clinical practice of the Spanish health system. In this regard, professionals from various scientific societies involved in the measurement and use of lipid profile data have drafted this document to propose a series of recommendations to facilitate their standardisation.

Apolipoprotein A-I Is a Prognosticator of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in the Era of Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy.

Background: In the era of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), distant metastasis remains the major cause of death from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of pretreatment serum lipid profiles in predicting clinical outcome of NPC.Methodology / Principal Findings: A total of 1927 consecutive patients who had untreated NPC and completed radical IMRT between Jan. 2010 and Dec. 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Pretreatment serum lipid indexes including total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI) and apolipoprotein B were analyzed for their association with survivals, together with the clinical features (age, sex, pathological type, anemia, chemotherapy sequence and Epstein-Barr virus deoxyribonucleic acid). Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each independent prognosticator. After univariate and multivariate survival analysis, low apoAI level (< 1.125 mmol/L) appeared to predict poor 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and distant-metastasis-free survival (DMFS).The HRs were 1.549 (95% CI, 1.137-2.109), 1.293 (95% CI, 1.047-1.597) and 1.288 (95% CI, 1.022-1.623), respectively. Subgroup survival analysis showed that the apoAI maintained predicting independence for OS, DFS and DMFS in patients with locally advanced NPC, even in those treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.Conclusions / Significance: NPC patient with low serum level of pretreatment apoAI might be at risk of distant metastasis. Treatment aiming to eradicate distant metastasis might improve survival of these patients.

Effects of 12 weeks Treatment with Conjugated Linoleic acid Supplementation on Body Fat Mass and Lipid Metabolism in Healthy, Obese Individuals-A Pilot Study

Background: obesity is a condition characterized by accumulation of excess body fat and associated with risk for developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Therefore, management of obesity and body weight are increasingly considered an important approach for maintaining healthy cholesterol profiles and reducing cardiovascular risk which endangers the life of an individual. Objectives: The objective is to study the effects of Conjugated linoleic acid in reducing body fat mass and lipid profile, to estimate HS-CRP and to observe the adverse effects during the study period. Methodology: This is a pilot study and is a hospital based prospective, interventional, open, non-randomized clinical study. In the study group, 22 patients are included who fulfill the inclusion criteria. Baseline values of lipid profile and HS- CRP are recorded and body fat measurement done with the help of Omron Karada scan at baseline and at the end of three months treatment. Anthropometric measurements are also noted at baseline and at the end of three months. Lipid profile and HS-CRP noted again at the end of the study. Results: The pilot study was conducted for a period of 3 months from 20-10-2016 up to 20-1-2017. Initially 22 patients were enrolled for the study and there are 2 dropouts after 1 month of initiation of the study. In the remaining 20 subjects weight reduction of 5-8 % was observed in 12 patients. In 2 patients there is reduction in skin fold thickness and in one patient fat percentage reduced though there is no much reduction of weight. In 5 subjects there is no change in body weight, fat percentage or skin fold thickness. No adverse events observed in any of the subjects. Interpretation and conclusion: From the above results it was observed that there is weight reduction with Conjugated linoleic acid, the test drug as well as reduction of body fat and skin fold thickness. There are no adverse events observed. The above findings are to be verified in the full scale study and after that it can be concluded that the drug might be useful in the treatment of diet induced obesity.

To Estimate the level of Oxidative stress parameter among Diabetic persons with Squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity: A Case Control Study

Background: Diabetes mellitus and cancer share common modifiable and non- modifiable risk factors. Both conditions have a great impact on social and economic status of an individual and their families. Diabetes is rapidly becoming a common metabolic problem in rural populations. At the same time, the incidence of oral cancer has not decreased over the years despite exhaustive research and has become the most common cause of death. Oral cancer accounts for approximately 4-5% of all cancers in the world. Recent epidemiological studies have shown a strong link between diabetes and cancer. Objective: To Estimate the concentration of Oxidative stress markers among Diabetic persons with Squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity .Materials and Methods: A Case Control study, conducted at Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College attached to Sri R.L. Jalappa Hospital a constituent of Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar. A total of 60 subjects were included in the study and categorised into equal number of cases and controls. Diabetic and lipid profiles were estimated by enzymatic methods in Dry chemistry Autoanalyser, Vitros 5.1FS, HbA1c analysed by HPLC (BioRad D10 USA), Nitric Oxide, Malondialdehyde, and Vitamin C by spectrophotometer Perkin Elmer UV/ VIS Lambda-35 methods respectively. Results: Our patients were in the age group of 30- 80 years with a mean age of 52.62± 12.67. Diabetic profile and oxidant markers were significantly elevated in cases compared to controls. However, mean values of lipid profile and antioxidants were significantly reduced in cases with an exception of LDL cholesterol, when comparing with controls Conclusion: Observations that has been made with lipid profile and antioxidant variables in diabetes with SCC was reduced might be due to their increased utilization by neoplastic cells for new membrane biogenesis. These findings strongly suggest, evaluation of these variables may help better patient care and build nation as well in addition to health education.

Correlation of lipid profile among patients with hypothyroidism and type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia is common metabolic abnormality in thyroid disorders overt or subclinical and diabetes mellitus (DM) with a marked increase in circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C). OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to find variations in dyslipidemic patterns in type 2 DM (T2DM) with hypothyroidism (HY). METHODS: Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), very low-density cholesterol (VLDL), low-density cholesterol (LDL), and high-density cholesterol (HDL) were compared among the three study groups at a tertiary care teaching hospital of Bihar in eastern India. Group A: T2DM. Group B HY, and Group C: having both T2DM and HY and control group. RESULTS: The lipid profile of patients with diabetes showed TC (316.18 ± 4.299 mg/dl), TG (358.36 ± 5.544 mg/dl), LDL (214.70 ± 4.192 mg/dl), VLDL (71.67 ± 1.109 mg/dl), and HDL (29.80 ± 0.348 mg/dl). Mean lipid profile values in HYs were TC (314.38 ± 1.739 mg/dl), TG (322.46 ± 2.429 mg/dl), LDL (208.69 ± 1.665 mg/dl), VLDL (64.29 ± 0.5591 mg/dl), and HDL (41.20 ± 0.3647 mg/dl). Patients suffering from both diabetes and HY had TC (337.92 ± 4.793 mg/dl), TG (350.02 ± 5.127 mg/dl), LDL (236.17 ± 4.093 mg/dl), VLDL (70.01 ± 1.026 mg/dl), and HDL (31.74 ± 0.285 mg/dl). LDL value was markedly high in diabetic HY patients. All the lipid profile parameters were significantly increased except HDL among the patients with diabetes and HY patients. Increase was more in cholesterol and LDL values among patients suffering from both diabetes and HY. HDL levels were lowest among the patients with diabetes and also decreased among the diabetic HYs. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, on patients with diabetes and HY, dyslipidemia was more in two variables, namely, cholesterol and LDL; there was a distinct difference in lipid profile patterns between single and dual morbidities.

Homogeneización de los valores del perfil lipídico

Analytical reports from the clinical laboratory are essential to guide clinicians about what lipid profile values should be considered altered and, therefore, require intervention. Unfortunately, there is a great heterogeneity in the lipid values reported as “normal, desirable, recommended or referenced” by clinical laboratories. This can difficult clinical decisions and be a barrier to achieve the therapeutic goals for cardiovascular prevention. A recent international recommendation has added a new heterogeneity factor for the interpretation of lipid profile, such as the possibility of measuring it without previous fasting. All this justifies the need to develop a document that adapts the existing knowledge to the clinical practice of our health system. In this regard, professionals from different scientific societies involved in the measurement and use of lipid profile data have developed this document to establish recommendations that facilitate their homogenization.

Comparative Study of Cord Lipid Profile in Small for Gestational Age and Appropriate for Gestational Age Newborn

Background: This study was conducted to compare the cord blood lipid profile in term small for gestation (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) babies as determination of cord blood lipid profile is useful screening tool for early detection of babies at higher risk as atherosclerosis has its genesis in childhood. Methods: Study Design: Hospital based cross sectional study. Setting: neonatal unit of tertiary care hospital. Subjects: 200 full term babies born at SGRDIMSR during study period out of which 100 were AGA and 100 were SGA babies. Mean cord cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL was measured in both the groups. Results: Mean cord blood cholesterol was 72.29± 21.13 mg/dL, triglycerides 67.18± 20.36 mg/dL, HDL 28.51± 5.68 mg/dL, LDL 34.94± 16.45 mg/dL, VLDL 13.43± 04.10 mg/dl in 100 AGA babies. In 100 SGA babies, mean total cholesterol was 100.85± 26.82 mg/dl, triglycerides 82±22.58 mg/dL, HDL 27.70± 7.79 mg/dL, LDL 44.93± 7.663 mg/dL, VLDL 16.40± 4.479 mg/dL. Conclusion: Lipid profile values except HDL were significantly higher in SGA compared to AGA neonates (p <0.001 for all parameters).

Potential pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction of pomegranate juice and nateglinide against diabetis induced complications in rats

Pomegranate can inhibit CYP2C9 activity which is majorly responsible for metabolism of nateglinide. The present study has been undertaken to evaluate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of pomegranate and nateglinide against diabetic induced complications. Diabetes was induced by administration of alloxan (150 mg/kg, i.p). Rats (n = 8) were treated with pomegranate juice (PJ) (3 ml/animal, p.o.), nateglinide (NAT) (20 mg/kg, p.o.) and the combination of both for 4 weeks. Twenty four hours after the last treatment pharmacodynamic interaction of PJ and NAT were evaluated by antinociceptive activity, electrocardiographic parameters, serum glucose, biomarkers and lipid profile values. Influence of PJ on the pharmacokinetics of NAT were studied by HPLC method. The treatment of rats with PJ and NAT resulted in improvements in parameters indicating diabetic complications. The combination group was found to be the best protected group. Significant improvements of the antinociceptive activity, a restoration of electrocardiographic parameters, serum glucose, biomarkers and lipid profiles compared to the NAT treated group were observed. Results of the pharmacokinetic parameters revealed that the addition of PJ increased the bioavailability and half-life of NAT, along with a decrease in the clearance and elimination rate of NAT. In comparison to NAT alone, the combination of PJ and NAT improved alloxan induced parameters of diabetic complications probably due to a higher bioavailability of NAT. This phenomenon deservers further investigations.

Lipid Profiles and Framingham Risk Score in Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery undergoing Cardiac Rehabilitation Program

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major predictors of future cardiovascular events (CVEs). In addition, biomarkers such as high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, homocysteine, and free fatty acid (FFA) correlate well with a future CVE. The Framingham Risk Score is a gender-specific algorithm used to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk of an individual. Cardiac rehabilitation is an instrument of medical management in cardiovascular diseases; beyond prevention, it can improve heart and muscle functioning in patients that were undergoing CABG, and cardiac and vascular adaptation. Over a 2-year period, 120 subjects were randomized and comprehensively evaluated. The mean age of the patients under study was 65.70 � 9.91 years old. For the Framingham cardiovascular risk score, the mean value in the Phase I was 16.5, while the mean value in Phase III was 10.6. The difference registered after cardiac surgery and the value in 6 months after the onset of cardiac rehabilitation program was important and statistically significant, as p [ 0.05. Fibrinogen showed significant phase-to-phase reductions of plasmatic values. Lipid profile values showed a statistically significant decrease. The renal filtration function evaluated by plasma creatinine showed statistically significant improvement and, in terms of absolute values, creatinine level was reduced in a range between 0.2-0.4 mg/dL. Also, it was recorded a significantly lower level of blood urea. By comparing the Phase I and Phase III results, we observed that the median 10-year Framingham cardiovascular risk score was approximately 6% lower (p [0.05), reflecting the survival benefit gained by patients under the intensive cardiovascular recovery program.

Associations Between Sleep Deprivation and Salivary Testosterone Levels in Male University Students: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Sleep deprivation is a common health problem that is growing rapidly worldwide and it is associated with short- and long-term impacts on health. The aim of this study was to detect potential predictors of salivary testosterone (sT) association with sleep deprivation in Arab male university students. In this prospective cohort study, 77 university male students in the age range of 18 to 26 years were divided into two groups, sleep-deprived (SD) participants and non-sleep-deprived (NSD) participants. Sleep deprivation was defined as sleeping less than 5 hr per night. Blood samples and sT were collected from fasting participants to measure serum levels of glucose, lipid profile, leptin, serotonin, sT, and body mass index (BMI) values. The multiple linear correlation model of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), BMI, and serotonin was positively correlated with sT (r = .977, p < .05) in the SD group. No correlations were identified with sT in the NSD group. In the SD study group, the multiple linear regression model of HDL-C, BMI, and serotonin was significantly influenced by sT (R² = .955, p < .05). These predictors together explained approximately 96% of the variance in sT levels in the SD study group. No predictive variables for sT were reported in the NSD group. Results indirectly confirmed the presence of a positive association between sT and sleep deprivation in young men. This association is mediated by three factors, HDL-C, BMI, and serum serotonin, which are collectively considered as part of a significant physiological adaptation to sleep deprivation in young men.

Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and lipid profile, in patients with pemphigus vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV), as an autoimmune disease including mucosa and the skin, is associated with several complications and comorbidities. The present study planned to determine the effect of L-carnitine (LC) supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress (OS), antioxidant capacity and lipid profile in PV patients.Subjects/MethodsFifty two control and patients with PV, participated in the current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The patients were allocated randomly to receive 2 g per day LC tartrate subdivided into two equal doses of 1 g before breakfast and dinner (n=26) or placebo (n=26) for 8 weeks. Anthropometric, lipid profile and OS values were determined at baseline and end of intervention period. LC intake significantly reduced serum levels of triglycerides, total-, LDL- cholesterol and oxidative stress index (OSI; P<0.05). In addition, supplementation with LC resulted to a meaningful increase in levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (P=0.05) and serum carnitine (P<0.001). LC intake revealed non-significant change in serum total oxidant capacity (P=0.15) and HDL- cholesterol (P=0.06) in comparison to the placebo. LC consumption may have favorable results on TAC, OSI and lipid profiles in patients with PV. The results were in line with the idea that LC supplementation can be associated with positive effects on metabolic status and OS of patients with PV.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 23 August 2017; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.131.