Lipid Profile Tests Research Articles

The Evaluation of Biochemical Parameters in Positive COVID-19 RealTime PCR Patients: A Retrospective Study

Coronavirus, a member of the beta coronavirus family, encompasses a range of illnesses from common colds to severe disorders. SARS-CoV-2, transmitted mainly through respiratory droplets that are generated by a patient who is sneezing, coughing and talking, caused the global pandemic COVID-19 in 2020. The virus primarily targets the respiratory system especially in the lung cell, leading to diverse symptoms and severe consequences. This study was carried out in the COVID-19 Isolation Centre in Mukalla City, Yemen, to evaluate biochemical tests in COVID-19 patients. In the retrospective single-centre study on 116 COVID-19 patients, some of biochemical Analysed Parameters were glucose, Liver function tests, renal function tests, lipid profile, and proinflammatory markers; convenience sampling based on existing records for socio-demographics, medical history, and biochemistry were analysed by using a spectrophotometry and Chemiluminescent immunoassay analyser. used SPSS version 25 to analyse data. Most COVID-19 patients in Mukalla City (91.4 % of those over 46 years old) have common symptoms such as fever, cough, and respiratory problems. The study found links between chronic health disorders (hypertension 96.6 %, diabetes mellitus 94.8 %) and greater vulnerability to COVID-19. Blood glucose levels substantially impact COVID-19 occurrences (p 0.0001). Some liver function tests are associated with COVID-19 (total protein, albumin, LDH, and GGT) (p = 0.044, 0.010, 0.0001, and 0.0001, respectively). Urea and creatinine levels imply renal function and their significant association (p=0.001 for both), whereas uric acid had no significant association with COVID-19 (p = 0.134). However, lipid profile tests lack statistical significance; they do identify trends. Proinflammatory markers CRP and ferritin strongly correlate with positive COVID-19 patients (p=0.0001 for both). In conclusion, COVID-19 significantly affects glucose metabolism, liver function, renal dynamics, and inflammatory markers, necessitating vigilant monitoring for clinical care and informing future research.

Morbidity and mortality associated with ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in different administration routes in albino rats.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a non-motile, encapsulated, environmental gram-negative bacterium. Once the bacteria have infiltrated the body, they can display substantial degrees of resistance to drugs and virulence. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) are most typically seen in K. pneumoniae. The objective of this study was to investigate the morbidity and mortality associated with ESBL K. pneumoniae infection in different albino rat administration route groups. Four cohorts of albino rats were acquired and categorized into the subsequent groups: inhalation, oral administration via food, water, and control group. Each group was infected independently and the isolate administration lasted 6 days. The clinical diagnosis revealed the presence of K. pneumoniae infection. Within one day of infection, the inhalation group exhibited the initial clinical signs and symptoms, such as red eyes, coughing, and closed eyelids. Subsequently, the infection was verified through the process of sample cultivation. Additionally, blood clinical findings, including blood tests such as CBC, lipid profile, CRP, and kidney and liver function tests, further supported the confirmation of the infection. The K. pneumoniae isolates had a severe influence on the CBC, liver, and kidney functioning causing elevated liver enzymes, and high RBC levels with impaired kidney functioning. Due to K. pneumonia's affinity for lung tissue, it had the greatest impact in the albino rat inhalation group.

Milky White Supernatant in the Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuit in Severe Hypertriglyceridemia During Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Case Report

We present a case of severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in a 21-month old female undergoing cardiac surgery for a ventricular septal defect and subaortic membrane excision. During the operation, a milky white supernatant was observed in the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit, prompting immediate lipid profile testing that revealed elevated triglycerides. The management involved maintaining anticoagulation with heparin dose–response testing and ensuring oxygenator function by measuring blood gas analysis, lactate, and arterial line pressure. The child recovered without complications. This case highlights the critical need for prompt identification and management of HTG in pediatric cardiac surgery to mitigate risks and ensure successful outcomes.

Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in the elderly and very elderly members of the Polish population: results of a national cross‑sectional representative survey.

Lipid disorders are the most common cardiovascular risk factor among the adult population in Poland. However, epidemiological data on the ever‑growing group of older adults remain insufficient. Our aim was to describe and analyze the epidemiology of lipid disorders among Polish seniors. A random sample of 4101 participants (2136 men; 1965 women) aged 65 to 104 years, evenly distributed across age subgroups (65-69, 70-74, 75-79, 80-84, 85-89, and ≥90 years), was included in the cross‑sectional, national PolSenior survey. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure values, and blood samples for lipid profile testing were obtained. Hypercholesterolemia was present in 62.4% of Polish seniors (56.1% of men; 66.3% of women). The highest mean (95% CI) total cholesterol (TC) levels were observed in those aged 65-69 years: 206 (201-210.9) mg/dl in men and 220.6 (215.6-225.6) mg/dl in women. Women had higher TC levels than men across all age groups. Mean (95% CI) low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C) levels followed a similar trend: in women, they decreased from 131.6 (127.2-136.1) mg/dl in the age group of 65-69 years to 120.1 (115.2-125) mg/dl in those aged 90 years or above. In men, LDL-C values declined from 121.6 (117.3-125.9) mg/dl to 106.5 (102.5-110.5) mg/dl over the same age span. LDL‑C concentrations were higher in women across all age categories. In the elderly Polish population, mean serum TC and LDL‑C concentrations are consistently higher in women than in men. The findings emphasize the significance of lipid disorders as a cardiovascular risk factor in older adults in Poland.

Yogurt Supplementation Can Ameliorate Fatty Liver Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome in High Fat-Induced Conditions in Mice.

Hepatic steatosis/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a major public health delinquent caused by the excess deposition of lipid into lipid droplets (LDs) as well as metabolic dysregulation. Hepatic cells buildup with more fat molecules when a person takes high fat diet that is excessive than the body can handle. At present, millions of people in the world are affected by this problem. So, it is very important to know the effects of factors responsible for the disease. Here, the role of lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis and metabolism was analyzed and intended to investigate if defects in biogenesis/metabolic enzymes are responsible for the accumulation of lipids other than LDs in fatty liver disease in high-fat-induced conditions in mice model. To explore it, high-fat diet (HFD), fast food (FF), and soft drinks (SD) were administered to wild-type Swiss albino mice for 14 weeks following yogurt supplementation. After experimental period, glucose tolerance, enzyme function, lipid profile, plasma biochemistry, and other analytical tests were analyzed by auto-analyzer including different oxidative stress markers. Lipids from hepatic tissues were extracted, and purified by Floatation Assay and subsequently analyzed by different biochemical and chromatographic techniques. Histological architecture of hepatocytes was performed using Zeiss microscope. Finally, increased amount of lipids biogenesis/accumulation was found in liver tissues that causes Fatty liver disease. Significantly, HFD, FF, and SD were identified as factors for the increased LD biogenesis and or lipid metabolic disorder. Nevertheless, yogurt supplementation can homeostasis those LD formation and metabolic syndrome as it increases the down regulation of lipid biogenesis as well as lipid metabolic rate. So, yogurt supplementation was considered as a novel agent for decreasing LD biogenesis as well as excessive accumulation of fat in hepatocytes which can be used as therapeutics for the treatment of NAFLD.

Maternal Plasma Lipid Concentration in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Preeclampsia

Objective: To determine the relationship between maternal plasma lipid concentration in early pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Gynecology and Obstetrics Department Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, Jan 2019 to Jan 2020. Methodology: A total of 500 pregnant women who came for routine antenatal checkup and underwent serum lipid profile testing at 13th week of pregnancy were included in our study. They were followed up till the end of pregnancy for any signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia. Age and lipid profile parameters were correlated with the presence of preeclampsia in the study participants. Results: Out of 500 pregnant women studied, 443(88.6%) had no preeclampsia during the course of pregnancy while 53(11.4%) had preeclampsia. Mean age of participants was 33.72±6.731 years. With binary logistic regression analysis, it was found that raised levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol at 13 weeks of pregnancy had statistically significant relationship with presence of preeclampsia later among the target population. Conclusion: Deranged lipid profile emerged as strong predictor of preeclampsia in our target population. Raised total cholesterol level, triglyceride levels and low density lipoprotein levels were significantly more in patients who developed preeclampsia as compared to those who did not develop this condition.

The Impact of Sira Vedha (Phlebotomy) at the Right Elbow Joint in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - A Research Report

ABSTRACT Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 9%–53% of the Indian population. No Indian studies have examined Sira Vedha (phlebotomy) for NAFLD, although it has been studied for other conditions. Sushruta recommended Sira Vedha at the right elbow joint for liver diseases, but clinical evidence for its efficacy in NAFLD is lacking. This clinical trial aimed to generate evidence for Sira Vedha in NAFLD patients. One hundred eleven patients with Grade I/II NAFLD were randomly assigned to either a control group (diet and exercise) or an intervention group (Sira Vedha, diet, and exercise). Blood samples were collected for lipid profile and liver function tests before and after treatment. Results showed significant improvements in SGOT, SGPT, cholesterol, HDL, and triglyceride levels in the intervention group compared to the control group, supporting the efficacy of Sira Vedha in NAFLD treatment. This study highlights the need for clinical evidence to confirm traditional Ayurvedic practices.

Amelioration of D-Galactose-induced Renal Injury by a Functional Food Mix through AGE/RAGE/NF-κB Dependent Mechanism in a Rat Model

Background: Ageing entails a gradual decline of organ structure and function, in-cluding the kidneys. Chronic kidney disease is associated with cardiovascular complications, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic bone disease. Functional foods with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties protect kidney functions by influencing metabo-lism and immunity. Objective: We studied the prophylactic effect of a functional food mix [amla, cinnamon, ginger, turmeric, and black pepper] on D-galactose-induced renal ageing. Methods: Six-month-old female Wistar rats were divided into Control, D-galactose, and D-galactose + functional food groups and maintained for 90 days. The plasma lipid profile and renal function tests were assayed using spectrophotometry. The protein markers of the endo-plasmic reticulum [ER] stress, inflammation, and apoptosis were analysed by immunoblot-ting. Results: The results illustrate that the functional food prevented D-galactose-induced histo-logical alterations, dyslipidemia, podocin loss, renal dysfunction, ER stress [GRP78, pIRE1, and CHOP], inflammation [NF-κB, and TNFα], and apoptosis [Bax, and caspase-3] in the kidney. Conclusion: The antiglycation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory roles of functional food are the basis for preventing D-galactose-induced renal injury. Hence, it could be a prophy-lactic measure in individuals with chronic kidney disease.

Correlation study between lipid profile parameters and liver function enzymes in Babylon province

Objective: The present study was an observational case control design. The data of study were collected in the period from first of January 2024 to March 2024. The study was conducted from clinical Laboratory private in Hilla City, Babylon province, Iraq. Material and methods: A total number of subjects involved in this study was 150 patients, from both sex (male and female) with age range (5-85). Blood samples were taken from each one to determination lipid profile tests (total cholesterol, total triglyceride, High and Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP, TSB) and investigation the correlation between them. Results: The results showed that, these were significant correlation between these tests according to male groups, the strength and direction of the correlation between TC and TG levels. The value being significant suggests that there was a moderate strong relationship between these variables (0.491). A strong positive correlation between TC and LDL levels (0.799), HDL and ALP levels (0.290), ALT and AST levels (0.777). In addition, a positive association between AST and ALP levels (0.125), TC and LDL levels (0.799). On the other hand, a weak negative association TC and AST levels (0.045), TC and TSB levels (-0.185), TG and HDL levels (-0.04). TG and AST levels (-0.065), TG and TSB levels (-0.184), HDL and ALT levels (0.123), HDL and AST levels (-0.133), ALT and TSB levels (-0.08) and between ALP and TSB levels (-0.08). However, a moderate negative association between TG and LDL levels (-0.32) and a very weak negative association between HDL and TSB (-0.016). Conclusion: In male group, a strong positive correlation between TC and LDL levels, HDL and ALP levels, ALT and AST levels. A positive association between AST and ALP levels, TC and LDL levels, these were significant correlation between these tests according to female groups, the strength and direction of the correlation between TC and TG levels, a moderate strong relationship between these variables, TC and LDL levels, ALT and AST levels, ALT and ALP levels, ALT and TSB levels, AST and ALP levels, AST and TSB levels and ALP and TSB levels. And moderately strong negative correlation between HDL and ALT levels. So, a relatively weak positive correlation between LDL and AST levels in female group. Moderately positive correlation between LDL and ALP levels and between LDL and TSB levels.

VDR gene polymorphisms rs731236 and rsS2228570 affect vitamin D levels in people of the Kaliningrad region

Vitamin D is an essential micronutrient that is involved in numerous biological processes. It not only keeps bones healthy, but also has a protective effect on the cardiovascular system, the pancreas and fatty tissue. Around 50% of the world’s population suffers from vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. The prevalence of these diseases is significantly higher in obese people, regardless of age and place of residence. The presence of polymorphisms in the VDR gene (vitamin D receptor) can explain individual differences in the concentration of vitamin D 25(OH) in blood serum. Of particular interest are the effects of the polymorphisms rs731236 and rs2228570 on vitamin levels. Thus, the VDR polymorphism rs731236 is a synonymous substitution, whereas the polymorphism rs2228570 is a non-synonymous substitution. The article investigated the polymorphisms of the VDR gene rs2228570 (T/C), rs731236 (T/C) and determined their association with blood vitamin D levels in people from the Kaliningrad region with different body mass index (BMI). The material for the study was venous blood taken in the morning on an empty stomach from 232 people (mean age 50±13.5 years, 103 men and 129 women). The vitamin D content in the blood was determined by ELISA and the polymorphisms of the VDR gene were analyzed by PCR. In individuals with a BMI 30 kg/m2, changes in the lipid profile and liver function tests were recorded. The vitamin D level did not depend on the BMI of the study participants. Significant changes in blood vitamin D levels were found depending on the distribution of the VDR genotype. Vitamin D levels were higher in individuals with the CC genotype than in the TT and CT genotypes of the rs2228570 polymorphism and did not depend on BMI. In contrast, the presence of the rs731236 polymorphism in the VDR gene is associated with BMI. In obesity, vitamin D levels are therefore only reduced in people with the TT genotype of the rs731236 polymorphism, but not in people with the CC and TC genotype.

Serum Lipid Profile and Electrolytes Reference Intervals for Apparently Healthy Children and Adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Accurate reference intervals generated from an apparently healthy population and stratified by crucial variables such as age and gender are required to guarantee appropriate interpretation of test results. Since there were no local reference intervals in the study area, the present study aimed to establish reference intervals on serum lipid profiles and electrolytes for children and adolescents in Addis Ababa. This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to October 2019. Laboratory analysis was performed using the automatic biochemical analyzer Cobas 6000 (c501) from Roche. According to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, reference intervals for lipid profile and electrolyte tests for apparently healthy children and adolescents were established. We used a non-parametric method to calculate the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles with a 90% confidence interval. In children, the reference intervals for serum potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate in mmol/L were 4.37-5.20, 137-145.50, 101.90-107.90, 2.34-2.70, 0.74-0.97, and 1.42-1.85, respectively; and for total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein, the respective values were 100.76-171.70, 44.16-126.36, 60.60-105.60, and 31.60-53.70 in mg/dL, for both genders. For adolescents, the reference intervals were 4.03-5.58, 137-146, 98.90-120.90, 2.39-2.70, 0.73-0.96, and 0.96-1.80 for serum potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate in mmol/L, respectively; and 97.20-189.10, 40.50-143.60, 41.70-120.90, and 21.30-57.0 in mg/dL for total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein, respectively, for both genders. The established reference intervals in the current study revealed that both the lower and upper limits contradicted the manufacturer values as well as the available literature. The study also discovered significant gender differences in reference values for TC, TG, LDL-C, potassium, phosphate, and chloride in the adolescent age groups.

Efficacy and safety of Dapagliflozin and Glimepiride in combination with Metformin: Randomized clinical trial

Objective: To identify the effective treatment option between dapagliflozin-metformin and glimepiride-metformin combination in patients with type 2 diabetes who were inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy. Study design and setting: The present study is randomized, conducted for 12 weeks at the National Medical center, Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: The patients were divided into 2 treatment groups; group A was given dapagliflozin-metformin combination, while group B was given glimepiride-metformin combination. The efficacy endpoint of groups was estimated by hemoglobin A1c and fasting blood glucose levels at 0-, 6- and 12-week. While, safety endpoints were identified by analyzing liver function tests, lipid profile tests, renal function test, and urine analysis. The significant difference of data was analyzed by using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 25. The parametric t-test and paired t-test were performed and considered p-value = 0.05 as statistical significant. Results: Baseline demographics, clinical features of diabetes, levels of liver enzymes, liver function test, renal function test, lipid profile, and urinalysis of randomized patients were similar in both treatment groups by showing p = 0.05. Followed by the initiation of the respective treatment, the baseline change of mean FBG and hemoglobin A1c levels with dapagliflozinmetformin combination was shown significantly reduce more compared to glimepiride-metformin combination (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Dapagliflozin-metformin combination therapy was superior and well-tolerated to regulate glycemic control as compare to glimepiride-metformin combination

A-217 Estimation of the Prevalence and the Patterns of Dyslipidemia in the Korean population

Abstract Background Dyslipidemia is one of the four major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease, along with hypertension, smoking, and diabetic mellitus. This countrywide study aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of dyslipidemia and to describe their characteristics using data from the Korean population visiting local clinics. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the lipid profiles (total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and triglycerides (TG)) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test results from Korean patients visiting local clinics during December 2023. Dyslipidemia was defined as having one or more of TC ≥200 mg/dl, LDLC ≥100 mg/dl, HDLC <40 mg/dl for males and <50 mg/dl for females, or TG ≥150 mg/dl (National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Training Program III, 2002). Glucose levels are considered hyperglycemic if blood glucose ≥126 mg/dl. The subjects comprised 1,232 patients who visited 57 local clinics nationwide were included. Lipid profile tests (except LDLC) and FPG were performed on Hitachi008AS automatic biochemistry analyzer and the LDLC test was calculated by the Friedewald equation. Data for TG ≥400 mg/dL were excluded. Results The study subject population comprised 610 males and 622 females aged 2 to 91 years. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 53.3% (657/1,232), with 49.3% (301/657) males and 57.2 (356/657) females (p<0.001). TC, LDLC, and TG were high in 14.5% (95/657), 33.9% (184/657), and 23.6% (223/657) of patients, respectively; HDLC was low in 28.0% (155/657). The prevalence of dyslipidemia by age group was as follows: 2 to 19 years (36.4%, 4/11); 20 to 29 years (66.7%, 12/18); 30 to 39 years (52.5%, 52/99); 40 to 49 years (61.5%, 131/213); 50 to 59 years (57.0%, 167/293); 60 to 69 years (50.1%, 168/335); 70 to 79 years (48.4%, 91/188); 80 years or older, (42.7%, 32/75). There was a difference in the prevalence of dyslipidemia between the age group under 50 and the age group over 50 (p<0.001). The prevalence of dyslipidemia among males and females was TC (72.6% vs 28.4%), HDLC (55.4% vs 44.6%), LDLC (53.8% vs 46.2%), TG (42.6% vs 57.4%), respectively (p<0.001). Thirteen of the 1,232 patients had dyslipidemia accompanied by hyperglycemia. Seven of them had mixed dyslipidemia (including raised TC, LDLC, and TG (n=4), raised TG & Low HDLC (n=2), raised TC and LDLC (n=1)). Conclusions The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Korean patients visiting local clinics was 53.3% and differed by gender, age group, and lipid profile. Considering that the prevalence of dyslipidemia is higher in diabetic patients compared to patients without diabetes, additional studies targeting a large number of patients are needed to promote disease prevention and control.

Evaluation of metabolic syndrome and growth disorder in long-term survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children

Background Treatment improvement in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children has lowered HSCT-associated mortality rate, with increased long-term survivors’ complications. The metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as growth failure observed among HSCT survivors, can be related to the patient’s primary illness or a complication of the HSCT. Aim To assess the frequency and possible risks of MetS and growth failure among HSCT survivors treated at our center. Patients and methods This study included 22 patients who underwent HSCT between 2011 and 2020 at the Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Ain Shams University Hospital and survived for more than 1 year after HSCT with a mean age of 12.95 years, and a mean duration posttransplant of 5.95 years. Three patients were transplanted for malignant diseases, and all patients received chemotherapy only in a conditioning regimen. Detailed medical history, physical examination, and laboratory assessment, including complete blood count, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, glycated hemoglobin, fasting lipid profile, thyroid function and growth hormone stimulation tests for patients with height less than −3 SD were done. Results The frequency of MetS in our study was 4.5%, with 40.9% showing two components of MetS and 18.1% having one component of MetS. Dyslipidemia was detected in 68.2% with 50% developed hypertriglyceridemia, 45.4% had low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. 36.4% showed insulin resistance, 4.5% had impaired fasting glucose, yet none was diabetic. 9.1% had elevated blood pressure, and 4.5% had abdominal obesity. Multivariate analysis confirmed a significant positive association (P=0.019) between acute graft-versus-host disease and insulin resistance and a significantly elevated free T3 among patients with insulin resistance (P=0.011). Conclusion The current study proved a high prevalence of MetS components, specifically dyslipidemia (68.2%) and insulin resistance (36.4%) among HSCT survivors, mandating regular screening of MetS components in the long-term follow-up of those survivors.

Effects of High-Intensity Training on Complete Blood Count, Iron Metabolism, Lipid Profile, Liver, and Kidney Function Tests of Professional Water Polo Players.

Our goal was to examine the effect of high-intensity physical activity on changes in the lipid profile, complete blood count (CBC), iron metabolism, and kidney and liver function tests of professional water polo players. This study included twenty professional male water polo players. Blood sampling was carried out at the beginning of the season and during periods of high-intensity training. CBCs were determined with a Siemens Advia 2120i hematology analyzer. A Beckman CoulterAU680 chemistry analyzer was used to determine the serum concentrations/activities of lipid profiles and liver and kidney function test analytes. The lipid athlete scores were also determined. The mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.006), platelet count (p = 0.008), and mean platelet volume (p < 0.001) significantly decreased during the high-intensity period, compared with the beginning of the season. The total iron-binding capacity increased (p = 0.001), and ferritin concentrations significantly declined (p = 0.017). The lipid profiles revealed a significant difference between phases, with slight increases in serum total (p = 0.025) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.002) levels and a decrease in triglyceride concentrations (p = 0.040) in the high-intensity period. During the high-intensity period, the liver and kidney function tests showed a substantial positive effect on lactate dehydrogenase levels (p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.028) serum activity, and total protein concentrations (p = 0.033), compared with the beginning of the season. Water polo players might exhibit a decrease in some CBC parameters, an increase in LDL cholesterol, and a decrease in liver function biomarkers due to intense training at the peak of the competitive season. Kidney function biomarkers remain unchanged.

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on the glycaemic indices, lipid profile and liver function tests in patients with cirrhosis: a double-blind randomised controlled trial

BackgroundLiver cirrhosis is considered a progressive disease that can eventually result in death. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in patients with cirrhosis. Few studies have been conducted on the effect...

The effect of dulaglutide on glycated hemoglobin is associated with PNPLA3 Ι148Μ gene polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The evaluation of the effect of dulaglutide on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and non-invasive indices of hepatic steatosis among different genotypes of the PNPLA3 I148M (rs738409) and CETP Taq1B (rs708272) polymorphisms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Relevant data from patients with inadequately controlled T2DM, also displaying NAFLD, administered 1.5 mg dulaglutide weekly for 6 months were retrospectively retrieved. The non-invasive indices, fatty liver index (FLI) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI), were calculated. Genotyping for rs738409 and rs708272 were performed with polymerase chain reaction. Data from 80 patients (39 females), aged 64.4 ± 9.5 years and displaying a baseline BMI of 34.5 ± 5.8 kg/m2, were retrieved at baseline and after 6 months (endpoint) of dulaglutide treatment. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; -0.72 ± 1.10%; p < 0.001), FLI (-5.8 ± 9.8; p < 0.001) and HSI (-1.18 ± 3.51; p = 0.004) significantly decreased after treatment. Lipid profile and liver function tests also improved after treatment. Overall, homozygotes for the reference rs738409 allele (CC) displayed a 2.4-fold decrease (p = 0.002) and heterozygotes (CG) an 1.6-fold decrease (p = 0.013) compared to GG homozygotes after treatment, but the effect was largely limited to female patients. No similar effect was observed in FLI, HSI and other relevant parameters. No association was observed between rs708272 and any of the parameters studied. rs738409, but not rs708272, was associated with the effect of dulaglutide on HbA1c, but not on presumed hepatic steatosis or other relevant parameters. Sex-specific effects were also noticed.

Association of Adiponectin and Oxidized HDL with ABO Blood Groups in Fatty Liver Patients

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a group of liver diseases that are not brought on by alcohol usage and are defined by an excessive buildup of fat in the liver cells. Objective: To identify the relationship between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and liver function markers in the study group, as well as Oxidized High-Density Lipoprotein (oxHDL) levels. Methods: This study was conducted at the University of Lahore, for the duration of six months from January 2022 to June 2022. For determining the role of adiponectin and oxHDL, (n=200) patients and divided into two group, healthy group (n=100) and disease group (n=100) participants. Biochemical identification, liver function test, lipid profile test and ELISA was done for analyzing the association with NAFLD. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results: In this study different parameters were used that’s values of parameters mean of cases according to blood group system were varied than normal range, such as adiponectin level, BMI, oxLDL, oxHDL, ALT, AST, ALP, Cholesterol level, d-LDL, Calculated LDL, sdLDL, V-LDL, Triglyceride level, Apolipoprotein-B level was significantly higher and AST/ALT Ratio values, albumin, HDL were slightly less than normal values. O Blood groups was reported very low risk of fatty liver patients due to high adiponectin. Conclusions: From analysis it was concluded, that adiponectin and oxHDL associated with high risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disorder.

Lipid Profiles and Liver Enzymes in Autistic Patients in Iraq, a Case-Control Study

his study investigated possible differences in lipid profile and liver enzymes between autistic children and healthy controls. The study included 32 autistic patients (26 males, 6 females, 5-10 years) and 32 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Blood samples were taken from all participants, and cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL, ALP, ALT, and AST levels were measured. The results showed that the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, ALT, and AST were significantly reduced in the autistic group compared to the control group No significant differences were observed in the levels of HDL, LDL and ALP. ROC analysis revealed strong discriminatory power for ALT and AST to discriminate between autistic and healthy children. The Pearson correlation matrix showed strong positive correlations between most of the measured parameters. These findings are consistent with previous studies suggesting altered lipid metabolism in autism. The observed reduction in lipid levels may be related to its important role in brain development and synaptogenesis. Low HDL levels may be associated with impaired lipid metabolism in autistic individuals. Significant differences in liver enzymes (ALT and AST) suggest the possibility of mitochondrial dysfunction in autistic children. This study highlights the potential role of lipid profile and liver enzyme testing in the understanding and diagnosis of autism. Further research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which these factors are associated with autism spectrum disorders.

Impact of silymarin-supplemented cookies on liver enzyme and inflammatory markers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing public health concern characterized by fat accumulation and severe disorders like nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which are influenced by obesity, inflammatory processes, and metabolic pathways. This research investigates the potential of silymarin-supplemented cookies in managing NAFLD by evaluating their impact on liver enzyme activity, inflammatory markers, and lipid profiles. A clinical trial in Lahore, Pakistan, involved 64 NAFLD patients. Participants were divided into placebo and three treatment groups, with the latter receiving silymarin-supplemented cookies for 3 months. The study assessed liver enzyme levels and inflammatory markers, at baseline and after the intervention, utilizing statistical analyses to evaluate differences. The lipid profile and renal function test (RFT) were also measured at baseline and after 3 months in each group for safety assessment. After 3 months, the treatment groups indicated more significant decreases in liver enzymes compared to the placebo group (p ≤ .05). Treatment 3 showed significant reductions in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (64.39-49.38 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (61.53-45.38 U/L). Treatment 3 also showed improvements in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and the AST/ALT ratio. Additionally, the treatment group demonstrated a significant reduction in inflammatory markers. Treatment 3 showed a significant decrease in C-reactive protein (CRP) (6.32-3.39 mg/L) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (38.72-23.86 mm/h), indicating that individuals with NAFLD may benefit from the intervention's potential benefits in lowering inflammation. The study revealed that an intervention significantly improved the inflammatory markers, liver enzymes, and lipid profiles of NAFLD participants, suggesting potential benefits for liver health.