Lipid Profile In Diabetic Patients Research Articles

Lipid Profile in Diabetic Patients: Study in a District Hospital

Background: Lipid disorder is one of the common disorders which is seen in most of the diabetes patients that causes cardio vascular disorders. The incidence of coronary artery diseases is 3 to 5 times higher in diabetic patients compared to general population. Although this has been demonstrated for the Caucasian population few data are available for Asian Indians. Individuals with diabetes may have several forms of dyslipidemia leading to additive cardiovascular risk of hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of lipid disorder among diabetic patients in Bangladesh. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study which was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Abdur Rahim Medical College, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during the period from January 2020 to December 2020. In total 50 diabetic patients were enrolled as case group participants whereas 16 healthy people of similar ages were included in control group. Proper written consents were taken from all the participants before starting data collection. A pre-designed questionnaire was used in patent data collection. The serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were assayed in patients and controls, using standardized assay methods. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version as per need. Result: In this current study, in analyzing the comparative statuses of lipid profile we observed, the mean (±SD) TC (mg/dl) of case and control group participants were 208.9±54.6 and 257.4±103.4 respectively where we found significant correlation between the groups (P=0.006). We did not find any correlation between the groups in analyzing TG (mg/dl), HDL (mg/dl) and LDL (mg/dl) analyzing. In case group the mean (±SD) TG (mg/dl), HDL (mg/dl) and LDL (mg/dl) level were found 216.4±306.0, 39.2±11.0 and 114.8±47.4 respectively. On the other hand, in the control group the mean (±SD) TG (mg/dl), HDL (mg/dl) and LDL (mg/dl) level were found ..............

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T gene polymorphism and the association with dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic Palestinian patients.

BackgroundDyslipidemia in diabetes is common and characterized by hypertriglyceridemia with decreased levels of high‐density lipoprotein. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in Palestinian T2DM patients and to investigate the association between this polymorphism and lipid profile in diabetic patients with and without dyslipidemia.MethodsA total of 208 T2DM patients including 98 with dyslipidemia and 110 without dyslipidemia were enrolled in this study. The MTHFR C677T genotyping was conducted by PCR‐RFLP followed by agarose gel electrophoresis.ResultsThere were no significant differences in either the genotype distribution or allele frequency in T2DM patients with or without dyslipidemia (37.8% CC, 54% CT, 8.2% TT vs. 48.2% CC, 41.8% CT, 11% TT; p = 0.209). However, among the dyslipidemic group, the TT carriers have a higher HDL level (46.8 ± 17.8) compared to (CC+CT) carriers (34.68 + 11.9) (p = 0.01). In the group without dyslipidemia, there was a significant elevation in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among the CC carriers (83.6 ± 10.6) compared to those who carried at least one mutant allele (CT+TT) (78.1 ± 11.1) (p = 0.009).ConclusionsThe study shows that in our Palestinian population the MTHFR 677TT genotype lowers DBP significantly in patients without dyslipidemia and is related to increased level of HDL in diabetic dyslipidemia patients.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the serum lipid profile in prediction of diabetic neuropathy

Whether the lipid profile in diabetic patients is associated with diabetic neuropathy (DN) development remains ambiguous, as does the predictive value of serum lipid levels in the risk of DN. Here, we performed the first meta-analysis designed to investigate the relationship between DN and the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL). Candidate studies were comprehensively identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases up to May 2020. Observational methodological meta-analysis was conducted to assess the relationships of TG, TC, HDL, and LDL levels with DN. Changes in blood lipids were used to estimate the effect size. The results were pooled using a random-effects or fixed-effects model. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis. Various outcomes were included, and statistical analyses were performed using STATA (Version 12.0). Mean differences (MDs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was applied to assess the methodological quality. I2 statistics were calculated to evaluate statistical heterogeneity. Funnel plots were utilized to test for publication bias. A sensitivity analysis was performed by omitting each study one by one. Thirty-nine clinical trials containing 32,668 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that DN patients showed higher TG and lower HDL levels (MD = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.20–0.48 for TG; MD = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.08–-0.02, I2 = 81.3% for HDL) than controls. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) neuropathy had elevated TG levels in their serum (MD = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.16–0.35,I2 = 64.4% for T1DM). However, only patients with T1DM neuropathy had reduced serum HDL levels, and there was no significant difference in serum HDL levels between patients with T2DM neuropathy and controls (MD = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.10–-0.03, I2 = 12.4% for T1DM; MD = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.07–0.03, I2 = 80.2% for T2DM). TC and LDL levels were not significantly different between DN patients and controls (MD = -0.03, 95% CI: -0.14–0.09, I2 = 82.9% for TC; MD = -0.00, 95% CI: -0.08–0.08, I2 = 78.9% for LDL). In addition, compared with mild or painless DN patients, those with moderate or severe pain DN pain had significantly reduced serum TC and LDL levels (MD = -0.31, 95% CI: -0.49–-0.13, I2 = 0% for TC; MD = -0.19, 95% CI: -0.32–-0.08, I2 = 0% for LDL). TG levels and HDL levels did not vary considerably between patients with mild or painless DN and those with moderate or severe DN pain patients (MD = 0.12, 95% CI: -0.28–0.51, I2 = 83.2% for TG; MD = -0.07, 95% CI:-0.14–0.01, I2 = 58.8% for HDL). Furthermore, people with higher TG and LDL levels had higher risk of DN (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.20–1.54, I2 = 86.1% for TG and OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02–1.19, I2 = 17.8% for LDL). Conversely, high serum HDL levels reduced the risk of DN (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75–0.96, I2 = 72.6%), while TC levels made no significant difference with the risk of DN (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.04, I2 = 84.7%). This meta-analysis indicated that serum lipid profile changes are among the biological characteristics of DN. Lipid levels should be explored as routine laboratory markers for predicting the risk of DN, as they will help clinicians choose appropriate therapies, and thus optimize the use of available resources.

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Glucose Homeostasis, BMI and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Glucose Homeostasis, BMI and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency

Role of serum lipoprotein (a) in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with glycemic control

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. At present global risk assessment, lipid profile is only the blood test routinely recommended most commonly. Increased lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] contributing factor to accelerated development of macrovascular complications in DM. However Lp(a) and hsCRP evaluation may have the potential to improve cardiovascular risk prediction when used in addition to traditional lipid profile. Hence the study was undertaken to estimate the serum lipoprotein (a), lipid profile, lipid ratios and hsCRP in diabetic patients and their association with glycemic control. Within the diabetic patients we examined Lp(a) levels among controlled and uncontrolled diabetic individuals. Materials and Methods: An observational study comprises of 150 participants. 75 were type 2 diabetic patients and 75 were healthy controls. Diabetic patients were further sub classified into good and poor glycemic control group depending on their HbA1c levels 7.5% as cut-off value. Fasting venous blood sample was collected and used for analysis of fasting glucose, lipoprotein (a), lipid profile, high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results: A significant increase (p Conclusion: The study helps in identification of at risk individuals for CAD beyond the routinely done lipid profile especially in insufficient resource situations. In our study we have higher levels of Lp(a), hsCRP and other atherogenic risk factors cluster more in diabetic patients compared to healthy controls. FBS, TG, hsCRP and TG/HDL are positively correlated with HbA1c. Thus Lp(a) and hsCRP evaluation may have the potential to improve cardiovascular risk prediction when used in addition to traditional lipid profile in diabetic patients. Poor glycemic control subjects have significantly higher hsCRP and TGs compared to good glycemic controls. There is no effect of glycemic control on Lp(a) levels, hence Lp(a) is independent ris

Comparison of lipid profile in diabetic patients presenting with cardiac diseases

Comparison of lipid profile in diabetic patients presenting with cardiac diseases

135-OR: The Effect of Fixed-Dose Combination of Insulin Degludec and Liraglutide on Serum Lipoprotein Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Aim: Administration of fixed-dose combination of Insulin Degludec and Liraglutide (IDegLira) has been associated with changes in the lipid-profile of diabetic patients. We assessed the effect of IDegLira on serum apolipoproteins, apoB-containing lipoprotein subclasses and HDL lipidome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Sixty uncontrolled patients with T2DM on oral antidiabetic drugs were included. Of them, thirty received IDegLira and the remaining Insulin Degludec(IDeg). Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism parameters were assessed before and following 3-month-treatment. ApoB-containing lipoprotein subclasses levels were measured by LDL-Lipoprint method, whereas HDL lipidomic analysis via 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Results: Administration of IDegLira resulted in a significant reduction of total (TC) and LDL cholesterol (LDLC) by 14.68mg/dl and 10.45mg/dl, respectively. ApoA1 and apoB decreased in patients treated with IDegLira. A non-significant change in small-dense LDLC (sdLDL-C) levels was observed that was significantly correlated with changes in TG levels (r=0.468, p=0.007). Furthermore, IDegLira administration resulted in significant enrichment of HDL particles’ core in esterified cholesterol and depletion of TGs content. IDegLira induced an atheroprotective shift in fatty acid pattern of HDLs characterized by a statistically significant lower content in saturated and higher in unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids and docosahexaenoic acid). No significant changes were observed in the IDeg group. Conclusions: Administration of IDegLira is accompanied by changes in HDL lipdome, a decrease in TC, LDLC, apoA1 and B, while the levels of sdLDL were only reduced in patients experiencing a decrease in TGs. The contribution of these changes to cardiovascular risk reduction after treatment with liraglutide in clinical trials cannot be excluded. Disclosure E. Pappa: None. C. Kostara: None. C. Tellis: None. A.D. Tselepis: None. E. Bairaktari: None. V. Tsimihodimos: None.

Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: An Observational Study

Introduction: Socioeconomic status, whether assessed by income, education, or occupation, is linked to awide range of health problems, including low birthweight, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, arthritis,diabetes, and cancer.Method: This wasa observational study. 62 patients were included in the study group of research study. Thekey outcome measures were BMI, Blood Glucose Fasting & Postmeal and total lipid profile.Result: In our study we evaluated the lipid profile in relation to socio-economic status and found that lowsocioeconomic status(SES) affects the most, followed by middle SES and lastly the least affection is ofhigher SES.Conclusion: Our data showed that higher income and higher education inversely affects lipid profile indiabetic patients.

DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND RISK FACTORS OF DYSLIPIDEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN BOGOR, INDONESIA

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients tend to have abnormal lipid profiles, explaining the association between elevated cholesterol andtriglyceride levels in diabetic patients and coronary heart disease. This study aims to evaluate how the common risk factors for dyslipidemia affectthe lipid profile of diabetic patients and to determine which factors can be used as predictors for the occurrence of dyslipidemia in T2DM patients.Methods: A total of 238 diabetic patients (63 male and 175 female; age: 31–70 years) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All of them hadundergone regular examinations in cohort studies on risk factors for non-communicable diseases conducted by the Ministry of Health in Bogorbetween December 2017 and January 2018.Results: The result found that age differences did not affect lipid profile levels, and the females had higher mean values of body mass index (p<0.001),total cholesterol (TC) (p<0.05), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p<0.001) than the males. The most common occurrences of dyslipidemia werehigh TC level (57.1%), followed by high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level (47.1%), high triglyceride level (37.4%), and low HDL level (16.4%). Beingoverweight was found to be the best predictor of dyslipidemia.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that in T2DM patients, sex affects TC and HDL levels, whereas age does not exert a significant effect onthe lipid profiles. In addition, poor glycemic control, hypertension, and obesity may serve as predictors of dyslipidemia in T2DM patients.

Hypothyroidism and its relationship with lipid profile in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of hypothyroidism in type II diabetic patients and to compare the lipid profile of diabetic patients with and without hypothyroidism. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Medicine Unit I Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore. Period: 5th August 2016 to 5th February 2017. Material & Methods: A total of 350 patients, aged 35-80 years, of both gender and having type II DM diagnosed at least 1 year ago were enrolled in our study. Fasting (12hr) blood samples were obtained and sent to the laboratory for measurement of serum TSH, total cholesterol, LDL and TGs. Patients with TSH value >10 μg/ml were labeled as hypothyroid. Two groups (hypothyroid diabetic and euthyroid diabetic) were made and lipid profile was compared in both groups. Results: Frequency of hypothyroidism in type II diabetic patients was recorded as 13.42% (n=47). When lipid profile of hypothyroid diabetic patients (group I) was compared with euthyroid diabetics (group II), it was noted that patients in group I had mean total cholesterol of 170.32 ± 12.90 mg/dl whereas in group II, it was 138.81 ± 28.89 mg/dl. Mean triglyceride level in group I was 176.21 ± 15.98 mg/dl, whereas in group II, it was 151.02 ± 27.78mg/dl. Mean LDL in group I was 87.17±15.97mg/dl, and 71.35±20.40 mg/dl in group II. Conclusions: Frequency of hypothyroidism in type II diabetic patients is higher as compared to general population. Moreover, dyslipidemia is significantly higher in hypothyroid diabetics when compared with euthyroid diabetics.

Correlation of blood glucose with lipid profile levels as risks for cardiovascular disease among diabetic patients at Ruhengeri referral hospital

Dyslipidemia remains the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity among diabetic patients. The study was conducted to describe the correlation of blood glucose and lipid profile levels as risks for cardiovascular disease among diabetic patients at Ruhengeri referral hospital. It was a cross-sectional study. A total of 103 diabetic patients were recruited. The blood glucose and lipid profile levels were tested, and the cardiovascular risks were observed. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. 78.4% of diabetic patients have dyslipidemia characterized by high LDL-C, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C. There was a statistical significance association with BMI and TC (χ2= 21.611; p=0.000), TG (χ2 = 14.311; p = 0.000), and LDL-C (χ2 = 6.367; p = 0.012). A positive significant correlation was observed between blood glucose and TG and BMI and TC levels (r = 0.420; p = 0.001; (r =0.663; p = 0.001) respectively. Gender was statistically significant to have an effect to low Framingham risk score (χ2 = 13.359; df = 6; p = 0.038). The study shows a high prevalence of dyslipidemia. TC and LDL-C are significantly increased in diabetic patients with high BMI. Co-morbidity of diabetes and dyslipidemia remains a statistically significant predictor of cardiovascular risk. Therefore, regular monitoring of lipid profile in diabetic patients would prevent incremental risk for CVD.

Importanța dozării apoliproteinei E plasmatice, a polimorfismului genetic și a profilului lipidic la pacienții diabetici

Importanța dozării apoliproteinei E plasmatice, a polimorfismului genetic și a profilului lipidic la pacienții diabetici

A Mini-Review of Human Studies on Cholesterol-Lowering Properties of Probiotics

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major health issue of modernized society with a high mortality rate. Lifestyle, genetic makeup, and diet are some of the major influencing factors associated with CVD. The dyslipidemia is one such factor related to the development of several CVD. Many studies proved that the consumption of probiotics confers several health benefits. Several studies reported the evaluation of the cholesterol-lowering ability of probiotics (probiotics that showed positive effect in vitro and in vivo studies) in human volunteers. The current review summarizes the outcomes of human studies on the cholesterol-lowering property of probiotics. Probiotic consumption significantly improved the health status of hypercholesteremic patients by reducing the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The probiotic supplementation improved the lipid profile of diabetic patients, and obese people as well. However, not all probiotic interventions are effective against dyslipidemia. The results are controversial and depend on several factors such as probiotic strain, dose, duration of the treatment, lifestyle changes, etc. This literature survey indorses additional studies on the cholesterol-lowering property of probiotics, which could help to reduce the risk of CVD and other dyslipidemia associated health issues.

Study of Blood Glucose State and Its Relationship with Lipid Profiles in Diabetic Patients in Kirkuk Province

Study of Blood Glucose State and Its Relationship with Lipid Profiles in Diabetic Patients in Kirkuk Province

CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF SERUM TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM DIABETES IN AIIMS, PATNA

India leads the world with largest number of diabetic patients and is often referred to as the diabetes capital. Diabetic dyslipidemia in India is one of the main causes for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) mortality of the world. Dyslipidemia are disorders of lipoprotein metabolism, including lipoprotein overproduction or deficiency. It is a preventable risk factor which is mostly observed in diabetes patients and that may precipitate the cardiovascular disorders. Our aim of the study is to determine the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on lipid profile of diabetic patients.
 The present study was planned in Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna from july 2018 to December 2018.For the present study total 60 patients were selected. Out of 60 patients total 30 patients were enrolled in the group A as diabetic group and remaining 30 patients were enrolled in group B as normal patients. The biochemical parameters like Fating glucose level, Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, High Density Lipid, and Low Density Lipid were estimated.
 As diabetes is a disease of self-management, appropriate nutrition (low calories, low carbohydrates, and low fat with high fiber diet) regular physical activity and proper medication to achieve good glycaemic control have to be followed. Patients of diabetes with obesity- weight management are a key factor. The diabetic patients had elevated serum total cholesterol, elevated triglyceride. The slightly elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and reduced levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) indicating that diabetic patients were more prone to cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes has now become a global endemic in both developing and developed countries. Hence it is the need of the hour for early detection and prevention of this non-communicable disease.
 Keywords: Serum Triglyceride, Diabetes, LDL, HDL, etc.

A study of the influence of lipid profile in diabetic patients on the incidence of cerebrovascular events

Background: The relationship between elevated serum lipids and atherosclerosis is well established. Recent studies have demonstrated not only that the serum lipid concentration but also the distribution of TG and cholesterol within major lipoprotein classes are of importance for the development of atherosclerosis. Elevated plasma concentrations of LDL and decreased HDL are associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. To study the influence of lipid profile in diabetic patients on the incidence of cerebrovascular events.Methods: The study was based on 60 patients meeting the inclusion criteria from those who were admitted at Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India from Feb 2013-May 2014. Detailed history was taken and thorough physical examination done pertaining to the involved condition. Patients who were conscious, slow progression of neurological deficit, rapid onset of lateralizing signs with variable blood pressure were considered to be suffering from infarction.Results: The mean values of lipid profile were significantly different among the gender. There were more females with medium and high TC values as compared to females and this difference was found to be significant. Though the number of females with high HDL values was more than males, the difference was not found to be significant. The number of females with high LDL values was far more than males and this difference was found to be significant. Though the number of females was more with high TG values, the difference was not found to be significant.Conclusions: In conclusion, our study gives evidence that poor glycemic control is a strong risk factor for stroke in patients with NIDDM.

Study of Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Variations in Liver Enzymes and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Patients with Fatty Liver in Comparison With Patients Without Fatty Liver

AbstractBackground: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients potentially are at risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease in developing and developed countries, Global prevalence of NAFLD is 25.24% with highest prevalence in the Middle East and South America and lowest in Africa.Aim of Study: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NAFLD among T2DM patients, diagnosed by ultrasonog-raphy of liver, to study the age, sex in NAFLD and to compare liver enzymes and lipid profile between individuals with NAFLD and without NAFLD.Patients and Methods: A prospective study was conducted of 100 type 2 diabetic Patients visited a private clinic in Aden republic of Yemen, in the period from October 2017 to June 2018.Results: Total of (100 patients) type 2 diabetes mellitus ambulatory patients were selected for the study. 62 patients (62%) had NAFLD and 38 patients (38%) had normal liver on ultrasonography, the prevalence of NAFLD in the present study was 62%, Majority of the study population observed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and NAFLD were females (n=40, 65%), and 22 were males (35%), the age range of diabetic patients with NAFLD was 40-65 years, mean age 53.16 SD ±7.64, Subjects with diabetes mellitus and NAFLD had sig-nificant elevation in Alanine transaminase (ALT), cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride than diabetic subjects without NAFLD.Conclusions: Early detection and optimum control of diabetes mellitus is important to minimize the effect of diabetes on liver. Hence, assay of serum levels of hepatic enzymes, and abdominal ultrasound to detect NAFLD should be done in all patients with T2DM as preliminary diagnostic tests.

Association of Diabetic Retinopathy and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Patients in Mathura District

Background: It is estimated that diabetes mellitus affects 4 percent of the world’s population, almost half of whom have some degree of diabetic retinopathy at any given time. Elevated serum lipid levels are associated with an increased risk of retinal hard exudate in persons with diabetic retinopathy. Therefore the current study was undertaken to determine the association of serum lipid profile with diabetic retinopathy and its severity. Subjects and Methods: One hundred fifty diabetic patients, out of these, 75 diabetic patients with retinopathy served as the study group I and 75 diabetic patients with no retinopathy formed group II (control group). Simultaneously, 75 age and sex matched healthy subjects were also studied as controls (group III). Serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum low density lipoprotein and serum high density lipoprotein were measured by using enzymatic method and autoanylyser. Fasting blood sugar and post prandial blood sugar were estimated by using GOD POD method. Results: Most of the patients in Group I had some degree of visual impairment. However there was no statistical significance with p >0.05. The mean value of total cholesterol was higher in both group I and group II with value being higher in group1 (229.09mg/dl) as compared to group II (215.32mg/dl). Triglyceride levels also followed the similar trend with group I having mean value of 238.95mg/dl and group II having 179.93 mg/dl. But only total cholesterol value had statistical significance p < 0.05. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated statistically significant correlation between diabetic retinopathy and hypercholesterolemia. Increased cholesterol level was significantly associated with the occurrence of all grades of retinopathy especially severe NPDR, very severe NPDR and PDR. No correlation was found between lipid profile and visual acuity. These data suggest that hyperlipidaemia should be promptly treated in diabetic patients.

The Impact of Gender and Body Mass Index on Lipid Profile of Diabetic Patients Treated in Royal Medical Services

The Impact of Gender and Body Mass Index on Lipid Profile of Diabetic Patients Treated in Royal Medical Services

Lipid profile in diabetic patients on “real world” in Mexican cardiovascular patients

Aim: Dyslipidemia in diabetic patients is more atherogenic than that in non-diabetics therefore a potent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients.