Lipid Profile In Subjects Research Articles

Metabolic effects of oral vitamin D supplementation as an adjuvant therapy on subjects with type 2 diabetes

Background: It is common for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to have vitamin D deficiency. Aim of the study is to determine the metabolic effects of oral vitamin D supplementation in a cohort of T2DM subjects.Methods: Subjects with T2DM were divided into two groups. Group A (Control) included subjects who received the standard treatment (conventional antidiabetic drugs). Group B (Intervention), apart from the standard treatment (conventional antidiabetic drugs), was also supplemented with Vitamin D3. All the patients were followed up at baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months.Results: Vitamin D deficiency was noted down in all the study subjects. Even after 18 months of supplementation, all subjects remained vitamin D deficient. There was a significant improvement in the circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Improvement in the lipid profile of subjects was observed as evidenced by a decrease in total cholesterol (5.0±0.92 mmol/l) as compared to baseline (5.5±1.6 mmol/l). HOMA-IR changed significantly after 18 months of supplementation from baseline (7.0±1.06 vs 10.8±1.96 nmol/l).Conclusions: Supplementation to achieve higher levels of vitamin D remains a promising adjuvant therapy for T2DM patients. Additionally, the intervention brought out a favourable change in HDL/LDL ratio among study subjects.

784-P: Effects of Low-Carb and Low-Fat Dietary Strategies on Lipid Profile in Subjects with Prediabetes—DiNA-P

Prediabetes as precursor of diabetes is characterized by a disorder in glucose metabolism, but is often associated with an impaired fat metabolism, too, defined by higher serum levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides. Hyperlipidemia and a poor LDL/HDL ratio represent important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The risk is even higher in presence of NAFLD, a common comorbidity in subjects with (pre-)diabetes. Thus, amelioration of these metabolic disorders is important. Both hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia can initially be treated by dietary approaches. Low-fat diets, but possibly even more low-carb diets seem to improve metabolic parameters. Thus, we compare the effect of a low-carb or low-fat diet in subjects with prediabetes, focusing on predefined lipid parameters and liver fat, investigating possible mechanisms by which cardiometabolic risk factors can be reduced. Our analysis is conducted within a preliminary sample of the ongoing DiNA-P (Diabetes Nutrition Algorithms in Prediabetes) study, covering 12 months of dietary intervention in 176 subjects of which 155 completed the study by now. Lipid metabolism is assessed by total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, LDL/HDL ratio and triglyceride serum levels, liver fat by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Statistical analysis is based on within-group and between-group comparisons as well as non-parametric correlation analysis (Spearman). Level of significance is p<0,05. Within the low-fat group, an improvement in all lipid parameters except for HDL cholesterol can be stated. Also, the LDL/HDL ratio as well as liver fat content were reduced in the end of the study. Within the low-carb group, the same favorable development was observed. Additionally, HDL-cholesterol showed a significant improvement, resulting in a significantly different development of HDL cholesterol in the low-carb group compared to low-fat. Our findings are confirmed by subgroup analysis, stratified by use of lipid lowering medication. Disclosure N. Meyer: None. L. Diekmann: None. S. Kabisch: Research Support; Self; California Walnut Commission, Institute for Grain Processing, Nuthetal, J. Rettenmaier Söhne, Südzucker / Beneo. Other Relationship; Self; Berlin-Chemie AG, Sanofi. U. Dambeck: None. A.F. Pfeiffer: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott, Berlin-Chemie AG, Novo Nordisk A/S. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Lilly Diabetes, Novartis AG, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH.

Evaluation of the effects of a standardized aqueous extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruits on endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and lipid profile in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled clinical study

BackgroundEndothelial dysfunction (ED) has been observed in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and contributes to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The primary management of MetS involves lifestyle modifications and treatment of its individual components with drugs all of which have side effects. Thus, it would be of advantageous if natural products would be used as adjuncts or substitutes for conventional drugs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of standardized aqueous extract of fruits of Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) 250 mg and 500 mg twice daily on ED, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and lipid profile in subjects with MetS.MethodsIn this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study endothelial function was measured by calculating reflection index (RI) using digital plethysmograph. Oxidative stress biomarkers used were nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Systemic inflammation was measured by determining high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and dyslipidemia by lipid profile. ANOVA, paired and unpaired t-test were used. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOut of 65 screened subjects all 59 enrolled completed the study. P. emblica aqueous extract (PEE), 250 mg and 500 mg twice daily dosing, showed significant reduction in mean RI, measure of endothelial function, at 8 and 12 weeks (p < 0.001) compared to baseline and placebo. Significant mean % change was seen in oxidative stress biomarkers, NO (+ 41.89%, + 50.7%), GSH (+ 24.31%, + 53.22%) and MDA (− 21.02%, − 31.44%), and systemic inflammation biomarker, hsCRP (− 39.68%, − 53.77%) (p < 0.001) at 12 weeks with 250 mg and 500 mg twice daily dosage respectively. Significant mean % change was also seen at 12 weeks with TC (− 7.71%, − 11.11%), HDL-C (+ 7.33% + 22.16%, p < 0.05), LDL-C (− 11.39%, − 21.8%) and TG (− 9.81%, − 19.22%) respectively with 250 mg and 500 mg twice daily (p < 0.001). PEE 500 mg twice daily was significantly more efficacious than the 250 mg twice daily and placebo. No participant discontinued the study because of adverse events.ConclusionsP.emblica aqueous extract significantly improved endothelial function, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and lipid profile at both dosages tested, but especially at 500 mg twice daily. Thus, this product may be used as an adjunct to conventional therapy (lifestyle modification and pharmacological intervention) in the management of metabolic syndrome.Trial registrationThis study was registered with Clinical Trials Registry – India (CTRI) with the registration number of CTRI/2017/09/009606. The study was registered retrospectively on 4th September 2017.

Effectiveness of a Novel Nutraceutical Compound Containing Red Yeast Rice, Polymethoxyflavones and Antioxidants in the Modulation of Cholesterol Levels in Subjects With Hypercholesterolemia and Low-Moderate Cardiovascular Risk: The NIRVANA Study.

Background: Red yeast rice supplements are broadly accepted as treatment for dyslipidaemia in subjects without high cardiovascular (CV) risk. Their effect on lipid profile is well known, but few data are available on their effect on endothelial function.Objectives: To study the effect of a novel nutraceutical compound (NC) containing low monacolin K dose, polymethoxyflavones and antioxidants on lipid profile, endothelial function and oxidative stress.Methods: Fifty-two subjects with low-moderate CV risk and dyslipidaemia (according to European guidelines) were enrolled and treated for 8 weeks with the NC. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at the end of treatment to assess changes in lipid profile, endothelial function and oxidative stress. The primary endpoint was the reduction of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Endothelial function was assessed through measurement of rate of apoptosis and nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with subject’s serum. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) were markers of oxidative stress.Results: Fifty subjects completed the study. The treatment caused a significant decrease in LDL (−15.6%, p < 0.001), oxLDL (−21.5%, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, and ApoB. Apoptosis rate of HUVECs significantly decreased (−15.9%, p < 0.001). No changes were noted for NO levels and 4-HNE protein adducts. The reduction of the apoptosis rate was correlated to the reduction of oxLDL.Conclusion: An 8-week treatment based on a novel NC containing low manocolin K dose, polymethoxyflavones and antioxidants improved lipid profile in subjects with dyslipidaemia and low-moderate CV risk. Secondarily, we observed an improvement in surrogate markers of endothelial function that may result from the reduction of oxLDL (Registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03216811).

Serum vitamin E as a significant prognostic factor in patients with dyslipidemia disorders

ObjectivesObesity and overweight are among the main causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Dyslipidemia, fatty liver index, is strongly related to CVD. Vitamin E as an antioxidant protects the hepatic cells against oxidative stress and prevents fatty liver disease. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the relationship between anthropometric parameters and fasted lipid profile with serum vitamin E levels. Study designA randomized trial was designed based on data from the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorders (MASHAD: 2010–2020). Methods363 CVD subjects (173 males and 190 females) was selected at random, among 9704 subjects in three regions of Mashhad, northeast of Iran to investigate the specific correlations among their serum vitamin E, lipid profile (TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and TC), and anthropometric features (height, weight, BMI, hip and waist circumferences. ResultThe results indicated the significant relationships between vitamin E, and fasting serum lipid profile in subjects. Serum vitamin E was negatively correlated to TC, TG, and LDL-C and positively related to HDL-C. Also, statistically negative correlations were found between vitamin E and anthropometric parameters (weight, waist and hip circumference, middle Arm, and Systolic Blood Pressure). Moreover, vitamin E ratios such as vitamin E/(TC + TG) and vitamin E/TC values as standardized vitamin E, had significant negative correlation with BMI, the whole of anthropometric parameters, and dyslipidemia risk factors including TC, TG and LDL-C. ConclusionWe found that vitamin E profile was significantly lower in the dyslipidemia subjects. It is generally suggested that vitamin E monitoring might be used as a useful prognostic and therapeutic agent in dyslipidemia disorder.

Recent suicide attempts and serum lipid profile in subjects with mental disorders: A cross-sectional study

Peripheral biomarkers for suicide have been studied generating mixed results. We investigated the association between serum lipid levels and suicide attempts in subjects with different mental disorders. We conducted a cross-sectional study, including 593 inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum, bipolar, major depressive, and personality disorders, hypothesizing that subjects with lower total cholesterol levels would have higher rates of recent suicide attempts. Contrary to our hypothesis, individuals with lower total cholesterol levels (<160 mg/dL) showed lower rates also of suicide attempts (OR adjusted for age and gender: 0.56; one-tailed p = 0.03). Further logistic regression models failed to estimate any association of continuous levels between total/low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol/ triglycerides, and suicide attempts, also considering diagnosis and suicide methods. An association between lipid profile and suicide attempts in subjects with mental disorders is not fully supported. Further research is needed to clarify the role of biomarkers in suicidal behaviors.

Resistant Starch Supplementation Improves Bifidobacteria Colonization and Lipid Profile in Adult Obese Subjects Residing in Urban Vadodara

Obesity continues to be a growing problem globally among all age groups, further associated with life threatening co-morbidities. Resistant Starch (RS) as a dietary component has been recently recognized as a prebiotic with potential role in improving the bacterial ecology of human gut. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of resistant starch supplementation by the obese adults in urban Vadodara on microbial changes in gut flora with respect to Bifidobacteria and Enterobacteria. Using a non randomised control trial study design, 60 obese adults were enrolled from the free living population of urban Vadodara. Baseline information was collected and subjects were classified into control (n=30) and experimental group (n=30). Experimental group was supplemented with 10 g of RS daily for the period of two months (60 days). The control group were not given anything during this period. Blood and stool samples were analysed for lipid profile and the presence of Bifidobacteria and pathogenic Enterobacteria, respectively both at baseline and after the intervention period. Results revealed a significant increase in the mean log counts of Bifidobacteria by 11.7% with no significant reduction in the mean log counts of enteric pathogens and lipid profile of subjects. Hence study concludes that a daily supplementation of 10 grams of RS for 60 days to the obese subjects improved colonization of beneficial gut microbiota in terms of Bifidobacteria, but had little effect on obesity.

Effects of dietary palm olein on the cardiovascular risk factors in healthy young adults.

BackgroundDietary saturated fatty acids are always being hotly debated. Palm olein rich in saturated fatty acids (45.98%) is often considered as being atherogenic nutritionally. There is a lack of information on effects of dietary oil by partially replacing with palm olein on human health.MethodsA randomized controlled trial with 88 participants has been conducted to elucidate the effect of palm olein on cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsBy comparing the soybean oil group (saturated fatty acids amounted to 23.31%) with the cocoa butter group (saturated fatty acids amounted to 93.76%), no significant difference was found (p > 0.05) in physiological parameters, serum oxidative stress levels, inflammatory factor, glucose metabolism, and lipid profiles of subjects, which are all cardiovascular risk factors. Although results showed that intervention time can influence the cardiovascular risk factors significantly (p < 0.05), there is no relationship between intervention time and dietary oil type.ConclusionTherefore, partial replacement of dietary oil by palm olein may not affect cardiovascular risk factors in healthy young adults. There are differences between our research and previous researches, which may be due to the different amount of palm olien in diet. Our research will provide a solid foundation for the application of palm olein in human diets and in the food industry.

Effect of resveratrol supplementation on lipid profile in subjects with dyslipidemia: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of resveratrol supplementation on lipid profile in individuals with dyslipidemia. Apparently healthy men and non-pregnant women 20 to 65 y of age with new diagnosis of dyslipidemia were enrolled in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and randomly allocated to receive either resveratrol 100 mg/d or placebo (sucrose 0.5 g/d) for 2 mo. Smoking, alcohol intake, diabetes, acute or chronic renal or hepatic diseases, malignancy, cardiovascular disease, serum triacylglycerol levels ≥400 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels ≥190 mg/dL, and consumption of lipid-lowering drugs or supplements containing resveratrol were exclusion criteria. Seventy-one individuals with new diagnosis of dyslipidemia were enrolled and randomly allocated to the resveratrol (n = 35) or placebo groups (n = 36). At baseline, there were no significant differences between the study groups. After intervention period, individuals in the resveratrol group showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol (201.4 ± 34.4 versus 220.6 ± 37.4, P = 0.04) and triacylglycerol (133.4 ± 55.3 versus 166.7 ± 68.5, P = 0.04) concentrations compared with the placebo group, without significant statistical differences for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The results suggest that resveratrol supplementation significantly reduces total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in individuals with dyslipidemia.

GWAS implicated risk variants in different genes contribute additively to increase the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Pakistani subjects

BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) remains the single most important cause of mortality worldwide. Many candidate and GWAS genetic variants have been identified in the recent years. In the current study, we selected six SNPs from various genes that have originally been identified in GWAS studies and examined the association of SNPs individually and as a genetic risk score (GRS) with CAD and blood lipid levels in the Pakistani subjects.MethodsSix hundred twenty-four (404 cases and 219 controls) subjects were genotyped for variants rs10757274 in CDKN2A gene, rs17465637 in MIA3 gene, rs7025486 in DAB2IP gene, rs17228212 in SMAD3 gene, rs981887 in MRAS gene and rs1746048 in CXCL12 gene, by TaqMan and KASPar allele discrimination techniques. Serum lipid parameters were measured using commercially available kits. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 22.ResultsIndividually, the single SNPs were not associated with CAD (p < 0.05). However, the combined GRS of 6 SNPs was significantly higher in cases than controls (4.89 ± 0.11 vs 4.58 ± 0.08, p = 0.024). Among blood lipids, GRS showed significant positive association with serum triglycerides levels (p = 0.022).ConclusionThe GRS was quantitatively associated with CAD risk and showed association with serum triglycerides levels, suggesting that the mechanism of these variants is likely to be in part at least through creating an atherogenic lipid profile in subjects carrying high numbers of risk alleles.

Fractal analysis of plaque border, a novel method for the quantification of atherosclerotic plaque contour irregularity, is associated with pro-atherogenic plasma lipid profile in subjects with non-obstructive carotid stenoses.

Background and aimsPlaque border irregularity is a known imaging characteristic of vulnerable plaques, but its evaluation heavily relies on subjective evaluation and operator expertise. Aim of the present work is to propose a novel fractal-analysis based method for the quantification of atherosclerotic plaque border irregularity and assess its relation with cardiovascular risk factors.Methods and resultsForty-two asymptomatic subjects with carotid stenosis underwent ultrasound evaluation and assessment of cardiovascular risk factors. Total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) plasma cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were measured for each subject. Fractal analysis was performed in all the carotid segments affected by atherosclerosis, i.e. 147 segments. The resulting fractal dimension (FD) is a measure of irregularity of plaque profile on long axis view of the plaque. FD in the severest stenosis (main plaque FD,mFD) was 1.136±0.039. Average FD per patient (global FD,gFD) was 1.145±0.039. FD was independent of other plaque characteristics. mFD significantly correlated with plasma HDL (r = -0.367,p = 0.02) and triglycerides-to-HDL ratio (r = 0.480,p = 0.002).ConclusionsFractal analysis is a novel, readily available, reproducible and inexpensive technique for the quantitative measurement of plaque irregularity. The correlation between low HDL levels and plaque FD suggests a role for HDL in the acquisition of morphologic features of plaque instability. Further studies are needed to validate the prognostic value of fractal analysis in carotid plaques evaluation.

Camelina Sativa Oil, but not Fatty Fish or Lean Fish, Improves Serum Lipid Profile in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Metabolism-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The aim of the study is to examine whether lean fish (LF), fatty fish (FF), and camelina sativa oil (CSO), a plant-based source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), differ in their metabolic effects in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism. Altogether 79 volunteers with impaired fasting glucose, BMI 25-36 kg m-2 , age 43-72 years, participated in a 12-week randomized controlled trial with four parallel groups, that is, the FF (four fish meals/week), LF (four fish meals/week), CSO (10 g d-1 ALA), and control (limited intakes of fish and sources of ALA) groups. The proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid and DHA increase in plasma lipids in the FF group, and the proportion of ALA increase in the CSO group (p < 0.0001 for all). In the CSO group, total and LDL-cholesterol (C) concentrations decrease compared with the FF and LF groups; LDL-C/HDL-C and ApoB/ApoA-I ratios decrease compared with the LF group. There are no significant changes in glucose metabolism or markers of low-grade inflammation. A diet enriched in CSO improves serum lipid profile as compared with a diet enriched in FF or LF in subjects with impaired fasting glucose, with no differences in glucose metabolism or concentrations of inflammatory markers.

Variability of metabolic risk factors associated with prehypertension in males and females: a cross-sectional study in China.

IntroductionPrehypertension is highly prevalent. However, very few studies have evaluated the association of various metabolic risk factors in those with prehypertension and, more importantly, possible differences based on gender.Material and methodsData of clinical characteristics were collected from 3891 subjects. Risk factors were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. The areas under receiver operating characteristic curves were compared to assess the discriminatory value of metabolic parameters for predicting prehypertension.ResultsThe incidence of prehypertension was 55.9% (66.9% of men, 41.1% of women). Prehypertensives showed clusters of metabolic associations including changes in the levels of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 1.550), triglycerides (OR = 1.141) and fasting blood glucose (OR = 1.320) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index and smoking. The metabolic associations also showed differences based on gender. For instance, higher total cholesterol (OR = 1.602) was the most evident risk factor in men with prehypertension, while higher triglycerides (OR = 1.314) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 1.729) were the main risk factors in women.ConclusionsOur study suggests that risk associations of prehypertension show gender differences. These results emphasize the importance of health education, active management of blood pressure and timely and effective treatment of abnormal lipid profile in subjects with prehypertension.

Associations between neck symptoms and LDL cholesterol in a cross-sectional population-based study.

Studies have reported associations between neck pain and degenerative changes in the cervical spine in women, and between neck pain and obesity or metabolic syndrome. The present study investigated associations between neck pain or stiffness and lipid profiles in subjects recruited from the general population of a Japanese community. The 1122 volunteers who participated in this study included 426 men (age 52.6±15.5 years; body mass index 23.6±3.2) and 696 women (age 55.3±15.3 years; body mass index 22.2±3.4). Each subject filled out a questionnaire about any neck pain or neck-shoulder stiffness experienced in the previous 3 months. We recorded the following laboratory results related to metabolic factors, including lipid profiles: total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, glucose, and hemoglobin A1c. We conducted logistic and linear regression analyses using the prevalence of neck pain or neck-shoulder stiffness as the dependent variable and age, sex, body mass index, and laboratory data as independent variables. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of neck pain between men (20.5%) and women (21.5%). However, the prevalence of neck and shoulder stiffness was significantly higher in women (60.3%) than in men (38.0%; P<0.05). Logistic and linear regression analyses showed a significant negative correlation between the prevalence of neck pain and LDL cholesterol (odds ratio [OR], 0.958; 95% CI, 0.921-0.997), and between the prevalence of neck-shoulder stiffness and age (OR, 1.025; 95% CI, 1.013-1.038) and gender (OR, 0.362; 95% CI, 0.25-0.494). LDL cholesterol was correlated with neck pain in this cross-sectional population-based study.

APOE genotype associates with food consumption and body composition to predict dyslipidaemia in Brazilian adults with normal-weight obesity syndrome

Normal-Weight Obesity Syndrome has been characterized by a normal body mass index and high percentage of body fat. It is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease development. This study aimed to evaluate whether apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes and food consumption are related to the lipid profiles of adults with Normal-Weight Obesity Syndrome. Analytical cross-sectional study, including adults with Normal-Weight Obesity Syndrome. Socioeconomic, health and lifestyle questionnaires were administered. Anthropometric variables, body composition and blood pressure were evaluated. Dietary intake, lipid profile and genotyping of polymorphisms rs7412 and rs429358 in the APOE gene were evaluated. Only 6.0% of women and none of the men had increased waist circumference (≥80cm for women and ≥94cm for men). No women and 6.2% of men had altered blood pressure (systolic blood pressure ≥130mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥85mmHg). When the traditional lipid profile was assessed, 52.5% of individuals presented dyslipidaemia. When the levels of apolipoproteins A1 and B were included, the prevalence was 73.0%. Regression analysis showed a positive relationship between the presence of allele ε2 and apolipoprotein A1 levels (95% CI=4.2 to 38.3; p=0.015) and between the ε4 allele and apolipoprotein B (ε4 versus ε2: 95% CI=0.08 to 29.5; p=0.049 and ε4 versus ε3: 95% CI=0.6 to 17.6; p=0.036). Carriers of the ε2 allele had a 75.0% lower probability of presenting dyslipidaemia compared with ε3ε3 individuals (95% CI=0.04 to 0.8; p=0.027). Relationships between body fat, food consumption and lipid profile were observed and differed among genotypes. APOE genotype and food consumption were associated with lipid profile. This was the first study to evaluate the APOE genotype and to analyze relationships between genetic profile, food intake and lipid profile of subjects with Normal-Weight Obesity Syndrome.

Dietary advanced glycation end products and lipid profile in diabetes mellitus subjects with or without complications

BackgroundHyperglycemia leads to vascular damage in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) by endogenous production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In addition, high intake of dietary AGEs may contribute to tissue damage, increased levels of inflammatory markers and it has been associated with alteration in lipids.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between dietary AGEs and the lipid profile in subjects with DM type 2 with or without complications.MethodsThis was an observational study in DM type 2 subjects with 3–20 years since diagnosis. Participants' clinical history and presence of DM associated complications were obtained from their health care provider as well as results of lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol, and triglycerides), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and height/weight. Dietary intake was recorded with seven days of food records, and AGEs intake with a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that measured last year intake. Diet records were entered into the nutrient analysis software, Food Processor, for caloric and macronutrients, and AGEs intake calculated from published AGEs databases. Descriptive statistics, t‐student test for differences between groups, and spearman correlation used, in addition linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between dietary AGEs and lipids levels.ResultsThirty‐eight volunteers were recruited, but 3 participants were withdrawn because uncompleted questionnaires. The 35 subjects (63% women) had a mean age of 59.0±10.6 years, 9.0±5.4 years since diagnosis, and 54.3% (n=19) reported cardiovascular complications and/or neuropathy and 45.7% (n=16) reported no complications. Body mass index was 36.6±9.0 Kg/m2; lipid levels were 172.1±95.2 mg/dL for triglycerides; 94.5±43.1 mg/dL for LDL‐cholesterol and 172.8±52.3 mg/dL for cholesterol; HbA1c values were 7.5±1.3%. Dietary intake was 1992±529 Kcal, 205±62 g of carbohydrates, 93±30 g of proteins, 91±31 g of fat, 30±12 g of saturated fat, and for dietary AGEs 18183±8365 KUAGE. There were no differences for metabolic or dietary variables between the group with complications and those without complications. A positive correlation between AGEs and cholesterol (r=0.38 p=0.024) and triglycerides (r=0.47 p=0.004) were found; to further explore this relation, a multiple linear regression found that triglycerides were associated with dietary AGEs and remained significant after adjusting for caloric intake, gender and complications presence (F=3.7, p&lt;0.014, R2=0.33). No association was found with any other dietary variable.ConclusionThis study shows a significant association between dietary AGEs intake and triglycerides levels independent of diabetes‐related cardiovascular or neuropathy complications.Support or Funding InformationFunded through CONACYT; PRODEP (UGTO‐PTC‐448); Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign.

Genetic risk analysis of coronary artery disease in Pakistani subjects using a genetic risk score of 21 variants

Background and aimsConventional coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors like age, gender, blood lipids, hypertension and smoking have been the basis of CAD risk prediction algorithms, but provide only modest discrimination. Genetic risk score (GRS) may provide improved discrimination over and above conventional risk factors. Here we analyzed the genetic risk of CAD in subjects from Pakistan, using a GRS of 21 variants in 18 genes and examined whether the GRS is associated with blood lipid levels. Methods625 (405 cases and 220 controls) subjects were genotyped for variants, NOS3 rs1799983, SMAD3 rs17228212, APOB rs1042031, LPA rs3798220, LPA rs10455872, SORT1 rs646776, APOE rs429358, GLUL rs10911021, FTO rs9939609, MIA3 rs17465637, CDKN2Ars10757274, DAB2IP rs7025486, CXCL12 rs1746048, ACE rs4341, APOA5 rs662799, CETP rs708272, MRAS rs9818870, LPL rs328, LPL rs1801177, PCSK9 rs11591147 and APOE rs7412 by TaqMan and KASPar allele discrimination techniques. ResultsIndividually, the single SNPs were not associated with CAD except APOB rs1042031 and FTO rs993969 (p = 0.01 and 0.009 respectively). However, the combined GRS of 21 SNPs was significantly higher in cases than controls (19.37 ± 2.56 vs. 18.47 ± 2.45, p = 2.9 × 10−5), and compared to the bottom quintile, CAD risk in the top quintile of the GRS was 2.96 (95% CI 1.71–5.13). Atherogenic blood lipids showed significant positive association with GRS. ConclusionsThe GRS was quantitatively associated with CAD risk and showed association with blood lipid levels, suggesting that the mechanism of these variants is likely to be, in part at least, through creating an atherogenic lipid profile in subjects carrying high numbers of risk alleles.

The effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Data on the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on metabolic profiles among subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are scarce. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid profiles in subjects with PCOS. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 60 women diagnosed with PCOS. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups to intake either 100 mg CoQ10 supplements (N = 30) or placebo (N = 30) per day for 12 weeks. Markers of insulin metabolism and lipid profiles were assessed at first and 12 weeks after the intervention. After 12 weeks of intervention, compared to the placebo, subjects who received CoQ10 supplements had significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (-0·24 ± 0·51 vs +0·01 ± 0·44 mmol/l, P = 0·04), serum insulin concentrations (-7·8 ± 14·4 vs +6·0 ± 15·0 pmol/l, P < 0·001), the homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (-0·3 ± 0·6 vs +0·2 ± 0·6, P = 0·001), the homeostasis model of assessment-estimated B-cell function (-5·4 ± 9·5 vs +4·5 ± 9·9, P < 0·001) and increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0·006 ± 0·009 vs -0·006 ± 0·01, P < 0·001). In addition, changes in serum total- (-0·10 ± 0·48 vs +0·19 ± 0·50 mmol/l, P = 0·02) and LDL-cholesterol concentrations (-0·15 ± 0·40 vs +0·14 ± 0·49 mmol/l, P = 0·01) in supplemented women were significantly different from those of women in the placebo group. When we adjusted the analysis for baseline values of biochemical parameters, age and baseline BMI, serum LDL-cholesterol (P = 0·05) became nonsignificant, and other findings did not alter. Overall, CoQ10 supplementation for 12 weeks among subjects with PCOS had beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, serum total- and LDL-cholesterol levels.

The effect of virtual reality on a home-based cardiac rehabilitation program on body composition, lipid profile and eating patterns: A randomized controlled trial

IntroductionSubjects with cardiovascular diseases are referred to cardiac rehabilitation, with a possibility of using virtual reality environments. The study aimed to analyze the effect of a home-based specific exercise program, maintenance phase, with a six months period, performed in a virtual reality (Kinect) or conventional (booklet) environment, on the body composition, eating patterns and lipid profile of subjects with coronary artery disease. MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted with subjects from a hospital in Porto, Portugal. Subjects were randomly assigned to either intervention group 1 (n=11), whose program encompassed the use of Kinect; or intervention group 2, a booklet (n=11) or a control group, only receiving education concerning cardiovascular risk factors (n=11) during 6 months. Beyond the baseline, at 3 and 6 months the body composition was assessed with a bioimpedance scale and a tape-measure, eating patterns with the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and three months later, the lipid profile with laboratory tests. Descriptive and inferential statistical measures were used with a significance level of 0.05. ResultsThe intervention group 1 revealed significant improvements in the waist-to-hip ratio after 6 months (p=0.033) and, between the baseline and third month, when compared with the control group (p=0.041). The intervention group 1 also decreased their ingestion of total fat (p=0.032) after six months and increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.017) 3 months after the prograḿs conclusion. ConclusionsThe virtual reality format had a positive influence on body composition, specifically on the waist-to-hip ratio, in the first three months.

Apolipoprotein C-III glycoforms correlate heterogeneously with plasma lipid profile in subjects with coronary artery disease

HETEROGENEOUSLY WITH PLASMA LIPID PROFILE IN SUBJECTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE Carmela Chiarielloa, Annalisa Castagnaa, Nicola Martinellia, Patrizia Guarinia, Marcello Manfredib, Elia Ranzatoc, Simona Martinottic, Emilio Marengoc, Daniela Cecconid, Oliviero Olivieria. aDepartment of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine B, University of Verona, Italy. bISALIT S.r.l., Novara, Italy. cDepartment of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy. dProteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.