Lipid Peroxidation Values Research Articles

Effect of stocking density on growth, hematological and biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) cultured in a biofloc system

Biofloc technology (BFT) is a technique of enhancing water quality, focused on a more efficient use of nutrients and lower water consumption. This technology may result in higher productivity with less impact to the environment. This work aimed to assess the effect of different stocking densities (SD) on growth, hematological and biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) juveniles cultured in a biofloc system. Three different SDs were used: 10, 20 and 30 g of biomass/L (designated as treatment D10, D20 and D30, respectively). After 45 days, fish from D30 group showed significantly improved growth performance (final weight and daily weight gain) and lower fat deposition in the fillet. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly reduced in the liver of silver catfish reared at the higher SD. In addition, fish from D30 group showed the lower values for lipid peroxidation (TBARS) in muscle and gill tissue. These results indicate that an initial SD of 30 g of biomass/L appears appropriate for silver catfish juveniles cultured in a BFT system.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) loaded alginate films against lipid oxidation of chicken breast

UV barrier properties and the oxygen permeability (OP) of alginate based films loaded from 0 to 30% CNCs (w/w polymer, dry basis) were evaluated at 0, 50, and 70% RH. The best performing film was used to coat chicken breasts and lipid oxidation was assessed during storage through lipid peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reagent substances (TBARS) quantification and color variability measurements. Results showed promising UV barrier effects and 25% decrease of OP at 70% RH when 30% CNCs were loaded in alginate films. Edible coating on chicken breasts also demonstrated a decrease of PV and TBARS at day 1 and 3 when 30% CNCs were used and no oxidative changes were indicated by chicken color.

Red Cabbage Extracts as Inhibitors of Lipid Oxidation in Fresh Minced Tilapia (Nile perch) During Refrigerated Storage

This study was performed to evaluate effects of red cabbage extract as a preservative against lipid oxidation for quality and shelf life of minced Tilapia (Nile perch) during refrigerated storage at 4  1°C. Untreated and treated samples were examined from day 0 to 10 during refrigerated storage using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay, peroxide value (PV), pH and color analysis. Samples treated with red cabbage extract showed less degradation due to lipid oxidation compared to untreated samples. Lipid peroxide values on treated samples showed benefits through day-6. This work shows that red cabbage antioxidant extracts represent an inexpensive and natural method for reducing oxidative spoilage of fresh fish.

Quantitative structure activity relationship (qsar) study and biological evaluation on mono-ketone analogs of curcumin as antioxidant

The objective of this study was to design new mono-ketone analogs of curcumin and determine its lipid peroxidation inhibition. Molecular modeling studies were carried out by using the semi-empirical quantum chemical algorithm AM-1 method in MOE 2018.01.01 software. Build QSAR was used to generate an equation model that will be used to design new mono-ketone analogs of curcumin. Synthesis of new compounds produced from an aldol condensation reaction. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) method was used to determine antioxidant activity by measuring lipid peroxide concentration. Promising predictions values of lipid peroxidation the QSAR study obtained inhibitory activity. The in vitro lipid peroxidation inhibition of 2,6-bis-(3’-ethoxy, 4’-hydroxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone; 2,6-bis-(3’-Bromo,4’-methoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone; and 2,6-bis-(3’,4’-dimethoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone indicates good inhibitory with IC50 values of 2.95; 0.95; and 2.45μM respectively. The new mono-ketone analogs of curcumin compound from the QSAR study has been shown to have antioxidant activity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation by scavenging free radicals.

Nutritional quality and sensory evaluation of dabai-fortified cocoa bar

ABSTRACT Defatted dabai (Canarium odontophyllum Miq.) parts are considered good sources of antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the nutritional values and antioxidant properties of dabai cocoa bars and the sensory profile scores of different parts of dabai fruits (oil, oleoresin, and kernel). The second part of this study included the formulation of dark dabai cocoa bars using different percentages (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 35%) of dabai kernel. The antioxidant activities of the dark dabai and dabai cocoa bars were determined on the basis of DPPH free radical scavenging and thiobarbituric acid reactive species assays. The panelists of the sensory study were asked to score specific sensory attributes using a hedonic scale. Results of the triangle test indicated that the flavor score of the dabai cocoa bar with 40% dabai oleoresin was low and its other sensory scores (aroma and overall acceptability) were also lower than those of the other types of dabai and dark dabai cocoa bars. Furthermore, the dark dabai cocoa bars with 5–35% dabai kernel exhibited an improved formulation, and the cocoa bar containing 20% dabai kernel presented the lowest lipid peroxidation value and higher overall acceptability score than the cocoa bar with 5% dabai kernel. However, the cocoa bar with 5% dabai kernel achieved the highest estimated total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging capacity. The β-carotene bleaching inhibition of the dark cocoa (DC) bar was not significantly higher than the cocoa bar with 40% dabai oleoresin. Lastly, the sensory acceptance score of dabai cocoa bars was lower than that of the DC bar due to the crispiness of dabai kernel and the astringent taste of dabai parts. Thus, dabai kernel preparation should be optimized further.

Effects of partial replacement of soybean meal in broiler diets with gelatin and mono-component protease on growth performance, carcass and blood biochemical characteristics, lipid oxidation of meat, and economics

Context Gelatin, presently a waste material from animal tissues and bones, may be suitable as a partial dietary replacement for soybean meal. In combination with protease, it may enhance growth performances of broiler chickens. However, limitations when introducing gelatin, are its unusual amino acid profile and digesta viscosity. Aim An experiment was conducted to elucidate effects on growth performance, blood biochemistry, carcass and meat characteristics, and feed costs of partial replacement of soybean meal with gelatin and protease in broilers diets. Methods The experimental design was a factorial arrangement of two levels of mono-component protease (0 and 200 g/t diet) and four levels of gelatin (0%, 2.82%, 4.23% and 5.64% of the diet) with six replicates and 15 male broiler chickens in each pen. Key results The higher levels of gelatin inclusion decreased bodyweight and increased feed conversion ratio (P < 0.001), whereas addition of enzyme improved both parameters (P < 0.001). Higher gelatin inclusion levels decreased abdominal fat, and enzyme addition resulted in greater carcass yield (P < 0.001). European performance efficiency factor reduced with incremental gelatin levels but increased with enzyme inclusion (P < 0.001). Feed cost per bird was reduced at higher gelatin inclusion levels, more so in the protease-treated diets up to 4.23% inclusion level. Lipid peroxidation values for breast and thigh meat decreased significantly with gelatin inclusion in the absence of protease but increased in the presence of protease. Breast and thigh lipid peroxidation was reduced (P < 0.001) by supplementation of protease in the control diet. Conclusions The results suggest that the performance-depressing effects of gelatin can be overcome to some extent by inclusion of a protease. Implications The use of gelatin may reduce dependence on soybean meal and reduce costs by using what is at present a waste material. Consideration is needed of the digestible amino acid profile of gelatin, and choice of more effective enzymes to reduce deleterious effects of gelatin.

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There are increasing incidences of obesity, cardiovascular and other dietary related diseases as a result of the crave for ready-to-eat and processed foods. These foods lack adequate dietary fiber which contributes to these diseases. This study investigated the effects of “niri” chaffs (raw and roasted) as an extender on the nutritional, physiochemical, sensory and economics of beef sausages. All treatments were randomly assigned to minced beef by a completely randomized design. Raw and roasted “niri” chaffs were incorporated at 0, 5, 15 and 25% to minced beef. The Association of Official Analytical Chemist and the British Standard Institutes procedures were used to determine the proximate and sensory characteristics of the beef sausages, respectively. The results revealed significant (p<0.05) differences in some of the parameters determined. Raw and roasted “niri” chaffs extended beef sausages (extended products) generally had an improved (p<0.05) effect on fat (1.5-3.28%), ash (1.31-2.19%) and carbohydrate (2.06-20.81%) contents as compared to control. A decline (p<0.05) was observed in moisture content of beef sausages (62.34-21.52%) by the treatment of raw and roasted “niri” chaffs as compared to control. The protein contents of RaC 5% and RaC 15% (5% and 15% raw “niri” chaff beef sausages, respectively) were better (p<0.05) than the rests of the products. Extended products exhibited significantly (p<0.05) high calcium, iron and magnesium than control products; while potassium and zinc contents of beef sausages were improved by the treatment of 5% raw “niri” chaff than the control. pH values of products were in the range of 5.76-6.00. Raw chaffs extended products had higher grilling loss (5.4-25%) than roasted products (4-13.95%). Lipid peroxidation values showed that all “niri” chaffs extended products had exceedingly high (p<0.05) values than the control within the storage period with raw products being the most affected. The formulation cost saw an average cost reduction of Ghȼ (Ghanaian Cedi) 2.25 using raw and roasted “niri” chaffs for the sausages. This study reveals that raw and roasted “niri” chaffs have the potential for use as an extender in beef sausages.

The Effect of 900-Megahertz Electromagnetic Field Exposure in the First and Middle Adolescent Period on the Spleen in Male Rats: A Biochemical and Histopathological Study

Aim: Adolescents are at risk due to the intensive use of mobile phones. The aim of this study was to investigate the histopathological and biochemical effects of 900-Megahertz electromagnetic field on spleen in late adolescent period, exposed during periods of early and mid-adolescence.Material and Methods: In this study, 24 Sprague Dawley 21-day-old male rats were divided into control (n=8), sham (n=8) and electromagnetic field groups (n=8). Control group rats were not subjected to any application. Electromagnetic field group rats were taken into the electromagnetic field cage and were exposed to 900-Megahertz electromagnetic field (1 hour per day for 25 days). Sham group rats were taken into the electromagnetic field cages but were not exposed to electromagnetic field. At the end of the treatment, all animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation method and the spleens were removed. After histological procedures, tissue sections were taken and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid Schiff. Histopathological evaluation was performed on the spleen tissues. Oxidative stress parameters including lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase levels were investigated via biochemical analysis.Results: Histopathological evaluation revealed megakaryocyte cells, enlarged white pulps and dilated sinusoids in spleen tissues of adolescent rats in electromagnetic field group. According to biochemical analysis results, it was determined that glutathione and lipid peroxidation values were increased, but superoxide dismutase and catalase values were decreased.Conclusion: It can be said that the 900-Megahertz electromagnetic field applied in adolescent period caused morphological changes on spleen tissue and caused oxidative stress in male rats.

Psychotria microphylla induces oxidative stress and biochemical alterations in giant African land snail Achatina achatina (Linnaeus, 1758)

Psychotria microphylla is an ichthyotoxic botanical used to stupefy fish prior to harvesting in aquatic systems. The current study investigated the effect of P. microphylla leaf extract on the oxidative stress and biochemical parameters of the giant African land snail, Achatina achatina. Adult A. achatina were administered 0.35, 0.45 and 0.55 mg l−1 leaf extract of P. microphylla and sampling was done after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h durations. Oxidative stress was evident by the significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO). Maximum LPO values of 36.13% and 63.69% were observed in A. achatina administered 0.55 mg l−1 of the leaf extract at 24 h and 96 h respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) significantly decreased, whereas the values of glutathione reductase (GR) increased significantly compared to the control. Extract-induced toxicity was evident by the significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity relative to the control. The current findings indicate the potential toxicity of P. microphylla and suggest that it could be used for control of terrestrial snail pests.

Effects of water-accommodated fraction of diesel fuel on seahorse (Hippocampus reidi) biomarkers

The present work aimed to investigate the effects of acute (12, 24, 48 and 96 h) and subchronic (168 and 336 h) exposure of seahorse, Hippocampus reidi to water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of diesel fuel on biotransformation parameters, antioxidant defenses and DNA integrity. In addition, a recovery experiment was performed, where the organisms remained in absence of the contaminant for 336 h, after WAF exposure for 168 h (totaling 504 h). At the end of each experimental protocol, the concentration of pyrene-, benzo(a)pyrene- and naphthalene-type metabolites in bile, hepatic activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), as well as lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in hepatocytes, were analyzed, in addition to the DNA damage and the micronucleus (MN) test in the peripheral blood. It was observed that both acute and subchronic WAF exposure affected the investigated parameters in different ways. In general, the exposed groups presented higher mean values for the investigated parameters if compared with their respective controls. After the recovery experiment, the mean values of PAH metabolites, LPO, DNA damage and MN frequency were significantly lower than those of animals exposed for 168 h, indicating that the recovery period was appropriately long for the evaluated biomarkers return to the control levels. The results indicated that the selected H. reidi biomarkers proved to be adequate and complementary tools in determining the first impacts of acute and subchronic exposure caused by WAF of diesel fuel in fish, as well as their recovery in clean water.

Oxygen-dependent mechanisms and oxidative stress in children for femoral head osteochondropathy.

Degenerative-dystrophic processes in the articular tissues are accompanied by the changes in the values of congenital immunity, being a result of immune responses to aseptic inflammation. The purpose of this study - to investigate the oxygen-dependent mechanisms of neutrophil phagocytic activity (NBT-test, myeloperoxidase activity), the biochemical values of lipid peroxidation, the oxidative modification of proteins and the activity of enzyme antioxidant protection in children (at the age of 12-16 years) with osteochondropathy of the femoral head.The increase in spontaneous NBT-test and myeloperoxidase content in neutrophils, the decrease in NBT stimulation index, as well as the statistically significant increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase, the main producer of hydroperoxide, was revealed in the group examined. At the same time, no increase in catalase activity and in the content of lipoperoxidation products was observed, however, redistribution of the products of oxidative modification of proteins with ketone predominance was found. In case of osteochondropathy development in children the activation of the oxygendependent mechanisms of neutrophil phagocytic activity is observed, as well as the increase in the number of the secondary products of protein peroxidation - ketones. An increase in SOD activity, with a simultaneous and significant decrease in catalase activity evidence of accumulation of hydroperoxide causing neutrophil activation and chemotaxis. The study data can be used for predicting osteonecrosis development as additional criteria when decision-making of the advisability of performing reconstructive surgeries of the joint.

INFLUENCE OF EXTRACT Cannabis sativa L. ON LIPID PEROXIDATION ACTIVITY Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. belongs to highly invasive weed species. In mid-1900s, the cultivation of this species as a forage crop led to its invasiveness (Peerzada et al., 2017). Yield losses it causes are up to 57-88% on very important agricultural and horticultural crops (Peerzada et al., 2017). It is highly tolerant to herbicides and rapid vegetative growth makes it difficult to control. Finding new methods that will help combat invasive species with less environmental impact is gaining importance. Allelopathy is very important for finding new compounds that can be used to combat invasive weeds (Arora et al., 2015). Allelochemicals are very important in relationship between plants and their environment (Cespedes et al., 2014). McPartland (1997) points to repellent and pesticidal properties of Cannabis sativa L.The aim of this study is to investigate allelopathic effect of C. sativa L. extract on lipid peroxidation activity in leaves of treated plants of S. halepense (L.) Pers.Extract obtained by the classical extraction process was applied at concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25% and 10%, while the control variant was not treated. Plants of S. halepense L. (Pers.) were in the initial stages of growth when extract was applied. Experiment was performed under field conditions. Plants respond to adverse environmental effects by changes in biochemical processes (Sunmonu &amp; Van Staden, 2014). Sampling of treated plants was performed after 6h and 24h. Biochemical analyzes of fresh leaves of S. halepense (L.) Pers. lipid peroxidation activity was determined.C. sativa L. extract caused changes in the lipid peroxidation activity of S. halepense (L.) Pers. Increased activity was only in variant of application of the highest concentration of extract with a statistically significant difference in both sampling moments. Value of monitored activity in control variant was 73.18 nmol MDA / g SBM while in variant with 100% application of the extract it was 99.36 nmol MDA / g SBM after 6h. After 24 h, a value of 100% extract of 80.02 nmol MDA / g SBM was obtained, as opposed to control with a lipid peroxidation value of 68.27 nmol MDA / g SBM. Other variants of application did not show statistically significant differences with respect to control after 6 h from moment of treatment. Less pronounced differences in obtained values were observed in variants with 50%, 25% and 10% compared to control after 24 h.An increase in lipid peroxidation activity in variants using 100% C. sativa L. extract is a response to plant exposure to stress, thus proving an allelopathic effect on treated plants.

Effect of vitamin D on apoptotic marker, reactive oxygen species and human sperm parameters during the process of cryopreservation.

Objective(s):Sperm cryopreservation plays an undeniable role in assisted reproductive technology. However, this process significantly reduces the motility, viability, morphology and nuclear integrity of sperm. Reasons of these changes were oxidative stress and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of vitamin D on the survival and integrity of fertile sperm after cryopreservation.Materials and Methods:Semen sample of 18 males with normal parameters was used. After swimming up, each sample was divided into two parts. 20 µmol vitamin D was added to one part as experimental group and the other part was left untreated as control group. The samples in all groups were frozen for 14 days. Post-thawing, the groups were evaluated for sperm motility, and viability using eosin staining, morphology using the Diff-Quick staining and apoptosis by TUNEL, Annexin-V and caspase-3 activity assay. By using nitrobluetetraxolium test and thiobarbituric acid, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation of sperms were measured, respectively.Results:In comparison with control groups, motile and viable sperm concentration was substantially higher in treated groups (P-value<0.05); however, morphological analysis did not show any remarkable changes. Also, ROS and lipid peroxidation values were dramatically reduced by vitamin D (P-value<0.05). TUNEL and Annexin assay for apoptosis were considerably lower in treated groups (P-value<0.05), but caspase activity assay revealed no significant difference between groups.Conclusion:The results have shown that the addition of vitamin D to a freezing medium leads to higher quality and function of human sperm.

Growth resilience and oxidative burst control as tolerance factors to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi in Ulmus minor.

The Dutch elm disease (DED) pathogens, Ophiostoma ulmi (Buisman) Nannf. and the more aggressive Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier, have decimated European elm populations in the last 100years. Today, the number of tolerant elm varieties available on the market is limited, partly due to the long breeding cycles and expensive facilities they require. Developing a low-cost technique to allow early screening of elm tolerance based on simple morphological and/or biochemical traits would considerably boost elm breeding and research. Within this general aim, we developed an in vitro plant culture system to (i) characterize stress responses to O. novo-ulmi-root inoculation in two Ulmus minor Mill. clones of contrasting susceptibility level to DED (termed 'tolerant' and 'susceptible') and (ii) compare the upward dispersal rate of the pathogen in the two clones. Constitutive xylem anatomy was similar in both clones, indicating that differences in plant responses to the pathogen are not attributable to anatomical factors (e.g., conduit size). Susceptible plantlets suffered a significant delay in apical growth and a decrease in chlorophyll content at 21days post-inoculation (dpi). The rate of pathogen dispersal from roots to aerial tissues was similar in both clones. However, the tolerant clone showed a marked increase in lipid peroxidation at 1 dpi, while the susceptible clone showed enhanced values of lipid peroxidation during most of the experimental period (1-21 dpi). Despite wide stem colonization by the pathogen, the tolerant clone effectively regulated the oxidative stress levels and showed remarkable resilience to inoculation. These results extend current knowledge on elm defense mechanisms, and the proposed in vitro plant culture system emerges as a promising early screening method for tolerance to improve elm breeding.

Special aspects of systemic inflammation course in animals.

Aim:In this study, we identified characteristics of systemic inflammation associated with surgical sepsis in animals. We evaluated the role of purine metabolism, functionally associated lipoperoxidation processes of membrane structures, and the antioxidant system in the development of surgical sepsis in dogs.Materials and Methods:Dogs with a provisional exclusion of sepsis were included in the study. The control group (Group 1) included clinically healthy dogs (n=5), and medium-breed dogs with systemic inflammation response syndrome (n=30) were categorized in the experimental group (Group 2). Along with hemogram and biochemical analysis, we determined the amount of malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase on the 1st and 14th day of the study. Treatment included a thorough reorganization of the septic focus, followed by antibacterial therapy. Sick animals were injected with a drug (dexamethasone) that suppresses the synthesis and inhibits the action of inflammatory mediators. Decompensation of the functions of organs and systems was carried out using symptomatic therapy.Results:We found that enhanced lipid peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids of membrane structures stimulates the generalization of inflammatory process, as evidenced by the significant deviation from the physiologically normal values of lipid peroxidation, C-reactive protein, blood cell count, etc. The course of systemic inflammation associated with surgical sepsis in animals can be attributed to several consistently developing processes that function as a result of increased purine mononucleotide catabolism, peroxide compound formation, and their excessive breakdown in reactions associated with the consumption of glutathione due to the insufficient recovery of glutathione disulfide.Conclusion:The amount of uric acid, glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronic acid in blood plasma, and the content of malondialdehyde, glutathione, and glutathione reductase in erythrocytes should be considered when assessing the severity of the systemic inflammatory process. The increased glutathione requirement in dogs with surgical sepsis requires intervention with pharmacological agents, and further research is needed in this aspect.

Acute oral toxicity and antioxidant studies of an amine-based diselenide

BackgroundOrganochalcogen compounds have attracted the interest of a multitude of studies for their promising Pharmacological and biological activities. The antioxidant activity and acute toxicity of an organoselenium compound, 1-(2-(2-(2-(1-aminoethyl)phenyl)diselanyl)phenyl)ethanamine (APDP) was determined in mice.MethodsMice were randomly divided into four groups, with each group comprising of seven animals. Canola oil (1ml/kg of body weight) was administered to 1st group, while 2nd, 3rd & 4th groups were administered with 10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg & 350 mg/kg of APDP respectively. APDP was administered by Intragastric gavage as a single oral dose.ResultsThe APDP oral administration was found to be safe up to 350 mg/kg of body weight and no deaths of animals were recorded. The lethal dose 50 (LD50) for APDP was determined at 72 h and was estimated to be > 350 mg/kg. After acute treatment, all mice were sacrificed by decapitation to determine the antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation values for the treated mice liver. No fluctuation in lipid peroxidation, vitamin C and non protein thiol (NPSH) levels was observed due to the administration of APDP. hepatic α-ALA-D activity, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the biochemical parameters were evaluated. Experimental observation demonstrated that APDP protected Fe(II) induced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production in liver homogenate significantly (p < 0.05). The administration of APDP (an amine-based diselenide) both in vitro and in vivo clearly demonstrated that this potential compound has no acute toxicity towards mice among all the tested parameter.ConclusionOn the basis of experimental results, it is concluded that APDP is a potential candidate as an antioxidant compound for studying pharmacological properties.

Gestational Arsenic Trioxide Exposure Acts as a Developing Neuroendocrine-Disruptor by Downregulating Nrf2/PPARγ and Upregulating Caspase-3/NF-ĸB/Cox2/BAX/iNOS/ROS.

The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of gestational administrations of arsenic trioxide (ATO; As2O3) on fetal neuroendocrine development (the thyroid-cerebrum axis). Pregnant Wistar rats were orally administered ATO (5 or 10 mg/kg) from gestation day (GD) 1 to 20. Both doses of ATO diminished free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine levels and augmented thyrotropin level in both dams and fetuses at GD 20. Also, the maternofetal hypothyroidism in both groups caused a dose-dependent reduction in the fetal serum growth hormone, insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF-II levels at embryonic day (ED) 20. These disorders perturbed the maternofetal body weight, fetal brain weight, and survival of pregnant and their fetuses. In addition, destructive degeneration, vacuolation, hyperplasia, and edema were observed in the fetal thyroid and cerebrum of both ATO groups at ED 20. These disruptions appear to depend on intensification in the values of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and H2O2, suppression of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and activation of mRNA expression of caspase-3, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, cyclooxygenase-2, Bcl-2–associated X protein, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the fetal cerebrum. These data suggest that gestational ATO may disturb thyroid-cerebrum axis generating fetal neurodevelopmental toxicity.

Leptolyngbya fragilis ISC 108 is the most effective strain for dodecane biodegradation in contaminated soils

One of the major environmental problems nowadays is petroleum hydrocarbons contamination. Bioremediation is widely used for cleaning ecosystems contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. This study was carried out to investigate the response of five microalgae strains isolated from different regions in Iran for 1% n-dodecane (DOD) degradation. The results revealed that Leptolyngbya fragilis ISC 108 is the most effective strain to utilize n-DOD as growth substrate under a mixotrophic condition. Currently, there is little information about mechanisms involved in microalgae response against DOD. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and total lipid and carbohydrate contents were observed to be greater in DOD-treated L. fragilis ISC 108. Lower values of lipid peroxidation and H2O2 along with an increase of dry weight and specific growth rate in L. fragilis ISC 108 under DOD treatment shows that at the cellular level this strain is better equipped with an efficient oxygen radical scavenging system. In conclusion, this study proposes that L. fragilis ISC 108 can be considered an ideal candidate for use in bioremediation of DOD contaminated sites.

Corrective infl uence of dihydroquercetin on oxidative metabolism state in drivers of Northern region

Professional drivers during their work are constantly subjected to toxic influence of chemical elements in automobile exhaust gases that cause excessive accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. The study covered 182 male inhabitants (aged 32,6±6,2 years) of Hanty-Mansiysk autonomous district: 94 drivers and 88 clerks. The drivers, when compared to the clerks, demonstrated reliably higher values of lipid peroxidation: lipids hydroperoxide (p = 0.026), active derivatives of thiobarbituric acid (p = 0.003), coefficient of oxidative stress (p = 0.002) with lower parameters of antioxidant system: general antioxidant activity (p&lt;0.001), thiolic state (p = 0.002). After 3 months of correction by means of natural antioxidant dihydroquercetin (75 mg daily), the drivers demonstrated not only statistically significant decrease of lipid peroxidation parameters: lipids hydroperoxide, coefficient of oxidative stress (p = 0.007) and increased values of antioxidant system: general antioxidant activity (p = 0.003), thiolic state (p = 0.05), but also considerable improvement of general state and performance.

Effect of dietary grape marc on fresh and refrigerated boar semen

In several studies there has been evaluation of the dietary addition of antioxidants to improve the quality of fresh and stored semen in domestic animals. Grape marc (GM), as the residue of vinification, contains large amounts of polyphenols with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiaging effects. In this study, two regimens of dietary GM supplementation (2% and 4%) were tested regarding effects on the characteristics and lipid peroxidation of fresh and stored semen. The dietary supplementation of GM improved sperm characteristics in fresh semen, especially at 4% of GM. There were greater values for all kinetic variables and membrane integrity, and lesser values for sperm abnormalities and lipid peroxidation with 2% and 4% GM supplementation. Lipid peroxidation of the pellet was less with both 2% and 4% GM supplementation. During sperm storage, the dietary supplementation of GM improved the quality of sperm, with greater values for kinetic variables and membrane integrity at day 15 of storage. In the present study, supplementation of GM in boar diets improved fresh semen characteristics and reduced the lipid peroxidation of ejaculated spermatozoa, possibly due to the effect of polyphenols present in the GM. Consequently, this likely resulted in improved sperm quality during storage.