Content Of Lipid Peroxidation Products Research Articles

Shedding light on the shadows: oxidative stress and its pivotal role in prostate cancer progression.

Data on oxidative protein damage, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation in progression of prostate cancer remain elusive. So far, the influence of the presence of perineural invasion on the level of oxidative stress has not been described. Additionally, there is limited data on the level of oxidative stress in patients' urine. We compared the levels of oxidative stress markers in serum and urine in 50 patients with prostate cancer depending on the tumor stage and histological grade, the Gleason score, and the presence of perineural invasion. We found a significantly de-creased level of serum thiol groups and TAC in participants with prostate cancer. Similarly, serum Amadori products and malondialdehyde (MDA) were higher in patients than in healthy men. There was a significantly decrease in TAC and a significantly increased MDA in the urine of prostate cancer patients. As the stage of cancer increased, a decrease in the thiol group concentration and TAC as well as an increase in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the serum was observed. The serum level of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) increased in the group with Gleason scores greater than 7. Furthermore, serum thiol groups and TAC were reduced in the group with Gleason >7 as compared to Gleason <7. The presence of perineural invasion significantly reduced serum and urinary TAC and increased urinary AOPP concentration. These results indicate a significant role for oxidative damage in prostate carcinogenesis and its progression. Characterizing oxidative and nitrosative damage to proteins may be useful in designing targeted therapies for prostate cancer patients.

Enhancing the quality and technological properties of goose meat during low-temperature storage through the action of biologically active substances from oats and alfalfa

Poultry meat plays a key role as a source of high-quality protein, vitamins, minerals, and unsaturated fatty acids. However, unsaturated fatty acids, especially essential ones, are prone to oxidative reactions during meat storage, which can negatively affect its quality. The object of the study is the technology of obtaining and storing poultry meat. Legart Danish geese were used as the experimental material. Oats (Avena Sativa) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) contain a large number of biologically active substances (minerals, unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, antioxidants). Adding vegetative parts of oats and alfalfa to the diet of geese contributes to improving the quality of the obtained meat, especially after prolonged low-temperature storage. The geese were slaughtered on the 63rd day. The meat was stored at a temperature of –18 °C for 90 days. It was found that there was an 11.5 % increase in the live weight of the geese at an early slaughter age, an increase in protein content (by 5 %), better moisture-binding capacity (by 6–7.3 %), and a decrease in the content of lipid peroxidation products, especially on the 67th day of storage (28.3 %). There was a significant increase in the content of ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (by 24.2 % and 10.8 %, respectively). There was an increase in the content of vitamin E and β-carotene, both before freezing (38.5 % and 19.6 %) and at the end of the storage period (50.9 % and 20 %). A tendency to increase the content of essential amino acids (threonine and methionine) was found. The results can be used in the production of goose meat to improve its nutritional characteristics, which is important for the health of consumers, meat producers, and also in scientific research on the development of technologies in the field of meat production and storage

Експериментальне дослідження гепатопротекторної дії комплексу n-оксид-2,6-диметил піридину з бурштиновою кислотою (Потейтіну) на моделі токсичного гепатиту, спричиненого тетрахлорметаном

Plant growth regulators (PGR), in particular, methyl derivatives of pyridine N-oxide, reduce the acute toxicity of pesticides, reduce the hepatotoxic effects of chlorpyrifos and ease the course of intoxication under long-term exposure. The role of the body’s defence systems under the combined effects of PGR and pesticides has not yet been sufficiently elucidated. The study of the protective effect of PGR Poteitin under the conditions of toxic damage to the liver by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) will allow finding out the mechanisms of its combined action. The results of the research will be used to develop preventive measures for pesticide poisoning. Aim. Investigate the hepatoprotective properties of the 2.6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide complex with succinic acid (Poteitin) on the model of acute hepatitis caused by carbon tetrachloride. Materials and Methods. Acute hepatitis was modelled on male Wistar Han rats with subcutaneous injection of CCl4 (pure substance) in petroleum jelly oil (0.8 ml/100 g of body weight) for 2 days. Poteitin was administered at the doses of 23 and 0.23 mg/kg, reference substance Silybor 35 – at the dose of 5 mg/kg. Intact rats received petroleum jelly oil in the same volumes. Poteitin and Silybor were administered in a treatment-prophylactically regimen, orally 1 hour pre- and 2 hours post-CCl4. The activity of enzymes of cytolysis and cholestasis, indicators reflecting liver function, the content of lipid peroxidation (LP) products and antioxidant activity were determined in blood serum. Histological studies of liver tissue were carried out. The index of effectiveness of the protective effect of Poteitin was calculated The results were statistically processed using the one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher's LSD post-hoc test. Results and Discussion. CCl4 caused acute liver damage: increased activity of markers of cytolysis and cholestasis, decrease in a number of functional tests, activity of catalase, LP products accumulation, fatty and balloon dystrophy of hepatocytes, lympho-leukocyte infiltration. Poteitin on the background of CCl4 contributed to the normalization of the activity of markers of cytolysis and cholestasis, the restoration of functional indicators, reduced the content of LP products, increased the activity of catalase, and reduced liver damage. The protective effect of Poteitin was not inferior to Silybor. Conclusions. 1. Under the conditions of acute hepatitis, carbon tetrachloride causes moderate liver damage. 2. Poteitin at the doses of 23 and 0.23 mg/kg has a pronounced hepatoprotective effect: it normalizes the activity of enzymes of cytolysis and cholestasis, functional indicators – the level of glucose, cholesterol, total protein and bilirubin, urea; reduces the intensity of LP and activation of the antioxidant system. 3. The protective effect of Poteitin at both tested doses as cytolysis and cholestasis indicators, functional tests and morphostructural changes in the liver is comparable to the reference drug Silybor. The protective effect of Poteitin, determined by the intensity of LP, is greater than that of Silybor. Keywords: acute hepatitis, carbon tetrachloride, hepatoprotective effect, 2.6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide complex with succinic acid.

Активність системи антиоксидантного захисту в організмі молоді коропа за згодовування олії розторопші плямистої

Purpose. Determination of the biological effect of milk thistle oil at different amounts of its introduction into the diet (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) on the antioxidant status of the body of juvenile carp in the conditions of recirculating aquaculture systems. Methodology. For the experimental studies, 4 groups of juvenile carps were formed, 150 individuals in each, with an average weight of 0.012 g, which were kept in 150 dm3 tanks with artificial water aeration. The period of their adaptation to holding conditions lasted 7 days. Over the next 21 days, the fish of the control and experimental groups were fed with compound feed with a protein content of 23%. The daily feed of fish of the experimental groups were additionally supplemented with milk thistle oil at amounts of 0.5 (Experiment I); 1.0 (Experiment II) and 1.5% (Experiment III). The juveniles were fed with the addition of oil three times a day. At the end of the experiment, skeletal muscle samples of juveniles were taken for the biochemical study. The concentration of diene conjugates was studied by the method based on the reaction of the optical density of the heptanisopropanol extract of lipids. Determination of the concentration of TBC-active products was carried out spectrophotometrically by a color reaction with thiobarbituric acid. The activity of superoxidedismutase was determined by the percentage of inhibition of the reduction reaction of nitroblue tetrazolium in the presence of phenazine metasulfate. Catalase activity depended on the change in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Protein content was determined by the Bradford method. Processing of experimental results was carried out by the method of variational statistics. A statistically significant difference in obtained values was assessed by the Student’s t-test. Findings. It was found that the main parameters of water quality were within the normal values and the environment during the cultivation of the young-of-the-years was optimal. A positive effect of the use of milk thistle oil on the average weight was noted, which exceeded the average weight of fish of the control group by 3.8; 11.5; 7.8%. The survival rate of the fish of the experimental groups was higher in Experiment II and Experiment III by 7.4; 4.9% relative to the control group. An increase in superoxidedismutase activity was observed in all experimental groups, namely in Experiment I by 20.0%, Experiment II and Experiment III by 55.0% and 57.0% (p&lt;0.01), respectively. At the same time, a decrease in the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes was observed in all experimental groups of fish. It was found that the addition of 1.0 and 1.5% milk thistle oil to the diet of juvenile carps had a positive effect on productive and biochemical parameters of their body. Originality. For the first time, the optimal norms for the introduction of milk thistle oil into the daily diet of juvenile carps and the effect of feeding this phytosupplement on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of products of lipid peroxidation were determined. Practical value. The obtained results indicate the advisability and effectiveness of using milk thistle oil as a phytoaddition in growing and feeding juvenile carps. Keywords: juvenile carp, milk thistle oil, antioxidant enzymes, content of lipid peroxidation products, weight gain, survival rate.

The influence of heat stress on the antioxidant protection glutathione link and the content of lipid peroxidation products in chicken liver

Heat stress is one of the main reactions of the body’s response to environmental factors, negatively affecting the welfare of various animal species. An increase in environmental temperature can cause stress, which, in turn, potentially has various negative consequences for animals including disruption of the antioxidant system functioning. Violating the antioxidant-prooxidant balance can lead to an increased free radicals formation in the body, which can damage cells and promote the development of various diseases. The article presents the study results of the artificially simulated heat stress effect on individual indicators of the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation products in the chickens’ liver. The choice of these animals for this study is due to the fact that the poultry is particularly sensitive to the elevated environmental temperatures and, accordingly, to heat stress. This is caused by the biological peculiarities of birds, in particular, they lack sweat glands, and their body surface is mostly covered with feathers, which, together with the high density of keeping in the industrial poultry farming, often leads to the heat stress. The purpose of this work was to find out the presence or absence of changes in individual indicators of the antioxidant system glutathione link and the lipid peroxidation products content in chickens’ liver. The analysis of indicators such as lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), TBA-active products, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR) will allow us to obtain information about the body’s antioxidant defense system state and the oxidative stress level under heat stress conditions. In this study we used 18 hens of the white Leghorn breed. The research was conducted in the vivarium of the Institute of Animal Biology of the National Academy of Sciences in two stages. During the first stage, chickens were kept at an air temperature of 20°С for 7 days. During the second stage, we created heat stress conditions by increasing the temperature to 35°С 6 hours a day, also for 7 days. It has been found that as the ambient temperature increased, the content of LOOH, GSH, and activity of GSH-Px in the liver of chickens increased (P&lt;0.01), while, on the contrary, the content of TBA-active products and activity of GR decreased (P&lt;0.01). The obtained data prove the heat stress effect on the antioxidant protection glutathione link in chicken liver. Research results can be of practical value for improving the bird keeping conditions in the industrial poultry farming, developing strategies for protection against stress, and improving the conditions to ensure the animals’ welfare and health.

“EnzActive mix” probiotic preparation effect on some metabolism sites and antioxidant defense parameters of sows and their piglets organisms

Taking into consideration the relevance and significant scientific and practical interest in the issue of probiotic preparations effect on various metabolism sites and productivity of farm animals, we have studied the probiotic feed additive “EnzActive mix” based on live Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on some metabolism sites, the content of lipid peroxidation products and the antioxidant defense activity in sows and piglets obtained from them. The actuality of such studies is explained by the significant interest in the use of probiotic preparations not only in human medicine, but also in the practice of animal husbandry. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the specified feed additive on some metabolism sites of the farrowing sows and the piglets obtained from them organism, on the lipid peroxidation products (LPP) content, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes, in particular, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in their body. It was established that feed additive “EnzActive mix”, based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts, administration decreased the lipid peroxidation products (LPP) content (TBARS and lipids hydroperoxides) in sows and their progeny blood, in the result of the study. The reason for such LPP content decrease was the antioxidant defense enzyme — superoxide dismutase increase in the sows’ and their progeny’s RBC (red blood cells). However, it was admitted also feed additives’ positive effect on sows’ parameters of productivity.

Efficiency of Androgenesis In Vitro in the Culture of Isolated Winter Wheat Anthers: 2. The Influence of the Duration of Low-Temperature Pretreatment of Donor Plants on the Content of Lipid Peroxidation Products and Fatty Acid Composition in Flowers from Different Parts of the Spike

Efficiency of Androgenesis In Vitro in the Culture of Isolated Winter Wheat Anthers: 2. The Influence of the Duration of Low-Temperature Pretreatment of Donor Plants on the Content of Lipid Peroxidation Products and Fatty Acid Composition in Flowers from Different Parts of the Spike

Metal-accumulating capacity and antioxidant activity of Pylaisia polyantha (Hedw.) Schimp. moss in urban areas

Background. Bryophytes, including mosses, are widely used in biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution due to their ability to accumulate metals from atmospheric air. However, the effects of metal accumulation on metabolic processes in bryophyte cells have not been thoroughly studied. The aim of this work was to analyse the accumulation of heavy metals, indices of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and antioxidant status in gameto­phytes of the epiphytic moss Pylaisia polyantha (Hedw.) Schimp. collected from urban areas with different levels of technogenic load. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in the city of Lviv (western part of Ukraine). Within the city, 15 sampling sites were selected and grouped as fol­lows: the green zone (A) conditionally used as the control, zone influenced by transport activities (B) and the industrial zone (C). In gametophyte shoots of P. polyantha, con­centrations of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were analysed using the method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry; the content of LPO products (lipid hydroperoxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) and the activities of antioxidant system enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase) were analysed using standard methods. The results were processed using standard statistical methods. Results. Concentrations of heavy metals in P. polyantha gametophytes collected from the study area can be arranged in descending order as follows: Fe&gt; Mn&gt; Zn&gt; Pb&gt; Cu&gt; Ni&gt; Cr&gt; Co&gt; Cd. The content of individual metals in moss material varied depending on the sampling site. Moss shoots collected from zone B accumulated significantly higher levels of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn, and shoots from zone C had higher levels of Cr and Zn compared to those from the green zone. Moss gametophytes col­lected from sites in zone B had higher concentrations of LPO products and increased levels of antioxidant enzymes activity compared to the control. Conclusions. Elevated concentrations of heavy metals in moss material from sites exposed to traffic and industrial activities reflect atmospheric heavy metal pollution in urban areas. Intensive accumulation of heavy metals in gametophytes of P. polyantha that grows in the areas of transport activities is accompanied by increased lipid peroxi­dation processes and activation of enzymes of the antioxidant system in moss cells. Activation of antioxidant enzymes may play an important role in the adaptation of the moss P. polyantha to urban environments contaminated with heavy metals as a result of anthropogenic activities.

The State of Colon Microbiocenosis and Antioxidant Properties of Rat Colonocytes in Environmental Dysbiosis and Use of Probiotic Bifidumbacterin® and Symbiotic Acipol®

INTRODUCTION: The microbial community of the colon is a single microecological system which quickly responds to the exposure to external and internal factors with quantitative and qualitative changes with the result of development of the condition termed dysbiosis. The changes in the composition of colon microbiocenosis can lead to a number of diseases and to the development of immunopathological and allergic conditions.&#x0D; AIM: To evaluate the state of the colon microbiocenosis and antioxidant properties of rats’ colonocytes against a background environmental dysbiosis and the use of probiotic Bifidumbacterin® and symbiotic Acipol®.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the experiment, intoxication in rats was modeled with the fungicide Thiram® (dimethylcarbamothioylsulfanyl N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioate, 1.6 mg per animal of 200 g mass) for 28 days, which led to the development of environmental dysbiosis. The detected changes were subsequently corrected within 21 days with the probiotic Bifidumbacterin® (0.14 ml per animal of 200 g mass) and the symbiotic Acipol® (0.08 ml per animal of 200 g mass). The composition of the microflora of colon mucosa of rats was studied using a bacteriological method. The activity of antioxidant protection enzymes of colonocytes was studied by the content of superoxide dismutase and catalase. The condition of lipid peroxidation processes was assessed by the content of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde.&#x0D; RESULTS: In introduction of Thiram®, reduction of the amount of obligate and opportunistic representatives of colon microbiocenosis was noted, as well as intensification of lipid peroxidation processes in the conditions of weakening of antioxidant protection in colonocytes. Application of Bifidumbacterin® and Acipol® resulted in increase in the amount of obligate bacteria and decrease in the content of opportunists of the colon microbiota with the strongest effect of Acipol® on the values of the determined parameters. When studying changes in biochemical parameters in animal colonocytes, both drugs were found to contribute to the normalization of the content of malondialdehyde in the colon tissue, besides, Acipol® led to a decrease in the concentration of diene conjugates in colonocytes.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: Introduction of Thiram® in all the specified periods affected the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota and biochemical parameters in the colonocytes of the animals. The use of Bifidumbacterin® and Acipol® preparations resulted in the restoration of the qualitative and quantitative composition of colonic microorganisms, and also had a positive effect on the content of lipid peroxidation products in colonocytes, but more efficient was found to be Acipol® symbiotic.

Impact of Smoking on Salivary Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress in Young Adults: A Comparative Analysis between Traditional Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Heat-Not-Burn Products.

BACKGROUND Smoking nicotine is considered to be one of the most harmful addictions, leading to the development of a number of health complications, including many pathologies in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of smoking traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heat-not-burn products on profiles of salivary lipids and lipid peroxidation products in the unstimulated and stimulated saliva of healthy young adults with a smoking habit of up to 3 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 3 groups of 25 smoking patients each and a control group matched for age, gender, and oral status. In saliva collected from patients from the study groups and participants from the control group, the concentrations of sphingolipids: sphingosine, sphinganine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramides, and salivary lipid peroxidation products - malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) - were measured. The normality of distribution was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For comparison of the results, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey test was used. RESULTS We demonstrated that each type of smoking causes a decrease in the concentration of salivary lipids, and there was an increased concentration of salivary MDA and 4-HNE. CONCLUSIONS Smoking in the initial period of addiction leads to an increase in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products through increased oxidative stress, leading to disturbance of the lipid balance of the oral cavity (eg, due to damage to cell membranes).

Вміст жирних кислот і продуктів перекисного окиснення ліпідів у сироватці крові молодняка української м’ясної породи при дії солей міді, селену та марганцю

Fatty acids have a significant impact on the overall metabolic processes in the body. One of the links of the general metabolism is the formation of peroxidation products during the oxidation of fatty acids. The aim of our work was to investigate the relationship between the content of fatty acids and lipid peroxidation products under copper, selenium, and manganese deficiency. The study was conducted on calves of the Ukrainian meat breed aged 6 months. An appropriate dose of deficient trace elements was added to the basic diet of the experimental groups. Determination of the spectrum of fatty acids in blood serum was performed using a gas chromatograph. The diet with copper, selenium and manganese increased the content of short-chain saturated fatty acids and the level of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased. The obtained results indicate the influence of individual fatty acids on the formation of peroxidation of products as a result of increased oxidation of the corresponding substrates. It is shown that deficient copper, selenium and manganese affect the correlation between fatty acids and peroxidation products. The revealed regularities can become the basis for the development of sound strategies for the mineral nutrition of beef cattle by including deficient trace elements and polyunsaturated omega fatty acids. In addition to obtaining important data on the relationship between biochemical processes in the body of beef cattle, the study of the influence of dietary strategies on the nutritional value and fatty acid composition of beef is provided by our further research.

Relationship of Cytokine Status Parameters with the Lipid Peroxidation-Antioxidant Defense System in Obese Adolescents

The aim of this study was to identify the relationships between cytokine status, lipid peroxidation (LPO) products, and total antioxidant activity (TAA) in obese adolescent boys and girls. Methods and Results: The study included 29 boys and 33 girls with an established diagnosis of exogenous-constitutional obesity of the first degree. Twenty-eight healthy adolescent boys and 24 adolescent girls made up control groups. The concentration of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-4, and IL-10) was assessed by enzyme immunoassay. The content of LPO products (conjugated dienes [CDs], ketodienes and conjugated trienes [KD-CT], Schiff bases [SB], thiobarbituric acid reactants [TBARs], total antioxidant activity (TAA) was evaluated. Spectrophotometric methods were used. The data obtained indicated a statistically significant increase in the level of IL-6 (P=0.018) and the IL-6/IL10 ratio (P=0.033) in obese boys, compared with the control. There was also an increase in the content of LPO products in this group relative to the control group: KD-CT (P=0.043) and SB (P=0.021). In the group of obese girls, there was an increase in IL-6 values (P=0.018), a decrease in IL-4 (P=0.040), and an increase in CDs (P=0.035) and KD-CT (P=0.044). The following correlations were found in the control group of boys: CDs‒KD-CT (r=0.91; P=0.001), TBARS‒IL-8 (r=0.73; P=0.027), and SB‒IL-4 (r=0.79; P=0.011); there were no statistically significant correlations between study parameters in obese boys. The following correlations were recorded in the girls of the control group: CDs‒KD-CT (r=0.99; P&lt;0.0001), TAA‒IL-10 (r=-0.80; P=0.033), TAA‒IL-4 (r=-0.78; P=0.040); in obese girls, it was SB‒IL-4 (r=-0.67; P=0.048). Conclusion: Data analysis showed high activity of proinflammatory cytokines and LPO products in obese adolescents, regardless of gender, with a reduced concentration of anti-inflammatory factors and correlations between parameters of inflammation and OS in girls. An important component of the pathogenetic approach in treating obesity should be the control of these parameters.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ФОТОДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕРАПИИ И ФИТОПРЕПАРАТА ДЛЯ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ, ОКАЗАВШИХСЯ В ТРУДНОЙ ЖИЗНЕННОЙ СИТУАЦИИ «СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ СИРОТ»

Objectives. Children who find themselves in a difficult life situation are one of the neediest social groups who need help both from the state and from specialists in various fields. To improve and improve the quality of medical dental care for this social group of children, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed complex of therapeutic and preventive measures, taking into account the specific situation in social institutions for orphans and children left without parental care.&#x0D; Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of the developed complex for the prevention and treatment of major dental diseases in orphans and children in a difficult life situation with the use of photodynamic therapy and herbal medicine.&#x0D; Methodology. The article presents clinical and laboratory data after the implementation of the developed complex of therapeutic and preventive measures using photodynamic therapy and herbal medicine in orphans and children in difficult life situations in the age groups of 6–7 years, 11–13 years and 14–16 years. The dynamics of the dental and hygienic status, some physicochemical, biochemical, immunological parameters of the oral fluid and the periodontopathogenic microbiota of the periodontal sulcus are presented.&#x0D; Results. The use of the developed complex for the prevention and treatment of dental diseases using photodynamic therapy and a phytopreparation in a socially vulnerable group of children showed high efficiency: oral hygiene improved in all age groups from a poor to a satisfactory level, the indicator of cured temporary and permanent teeth increased (component "P") in the structure of KPU in children 6 years of age more than 0.5 times, in adolescents more than 2.7 times. In the mixed saliva, the pH increased, the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines normalized, the content of lipid peroxidation products sharply decreased against the background of an increase in the activity of the main antioxidant defense enzymes, and the amount of periodontopathogenic microbiota in the periodontal sulcus decreased.&#x0D; Conclusions. The program for the comprehensive prevention and treatment of major dental diseases in orphans and children in difficult life situations leads to a decrease in the intensity of dental caries and periodontal disease, and a significant decrease in cases of tooth loss.

CLERODENDRUM INFORTUNATUM ATTENUATES PANCREATIC OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DYSREGULATED CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate and is gravely troubling human health and quality of life. Side effects of synthetic hypoglycemic agents have led to investigations on alternative sources such as herbal drugs in treating diabetes. Anti-diabetic properties of Clerodendrum infortunatum in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes were evaluated and compared with the standard anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide. Aqueous extract of C. infortunatum on carbohydrate metabolism revealed its hypoglycemic effect in diabetic conditions. Furthermore, it could significantly modulate insulin secretion, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and glycogen metabolism for effective glucose homeostasis. Notably, the drug could accelerate the activities of major antioxidant enzymes and reduce the content of lipid peroxidation products in the pancreas. The study proves the efficacy of C. infortunatum as a potent source of phytochemicals in ameliorating diabetic complications and suggests the medicinal plant as a nutraceutical agent.

ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К ПРИМЕНЕНИЮ АНТИОКСИДАНТНЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ В ТЕРАПИИ САХАРНОГО ДИАБЕТА

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex, multifactorial metabolic disease that tends to steadily increase and affects the quality and life expectancy of the population. Cardiovascular complications accompanying this endocrine pathology most often lead to early disability and are the cause of death of patients. The main role in the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathies belongs to the manifestation of free radical oxidation (SRO). Based on this premise, the purpose of our study was to study the effectiveness of taking an antioxidant (AO) of plant origin – dihydroquercetin (DHA) in the conditions of complex therapy of patients with type 2 diabetes living in the northern region. 132 people were examined, of which 78 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the main group, 54 representatives of the alien population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra were included in the control group (conditionally healthy, without metabolic disorders). The content of lipid peroxidation products in the blood of all the examined persons was determined

The Level of Lipid Peroxidation Products and Medium-Molecular-Weight Peptides in Adolescents with Obesity

Background: The aim of this research was to study the plasma content of lipid peroxidation products and MMWP in obese adolescents. Materials and Methods: The studies were conducted on 19 adolescent girls and 18 adolescent boys with an established diagnosis of exogenous constitutional obesity of the first degree. Twenty-four adolescent girls and 20 adolescent boys made up control groups. All adolescents were subjected to general clinical examination, including anamnestic data collection, physical examination, anthropometric data analysis, and nutritional status assessment. The content of primary, secondary, and final LPO products was evaluated, as well as MMWP absorbing at wavelengths 238, 254, and 280 nm by the spectrophotometric method. Results. The group of obese adolescent girls, compared to the control, showed lower values of secondary LPO (TBARs) (p=0.022) and elevated levels of MMWP-238 (p&lt;0.0001) and MMWP-280 (p=0.03). The group of obese adolescent boys, compared to the control, showed higher values of secondary LPO products (KD and CT) (p=0.042) and elevated levels of MMWP-238 (p=0.03). Conclusion: The obtained data demonstrate the presence of activation of lipid peroxidation processes at the stage of secondary products in adolescent boys and endogenous intoxication in obese adolescents, regardless of gender. The need to monitor and correct these indicators in adolescent patients with obesity should be an important component of pathogenetic treatment.

Antioxidant defense system of rat liver under the influence thiosulfonate esters

Background. The article presents a study of the antioxidant defense system of the liver of rats under the influence of thiosulfonate esters: S-ethyl-4-amino­benzenethiosulfonate (ETS), S-allyl-4-aminobenzenethiosulfonate (ATS) and S-allyl-4-acetyl-aminobenzenethiosulfonate (AATS) at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg per kg of body weight. Thiosulfonate esters, which are synthetic sulfur-containing analogs of allicin, exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The liver is the main organ where metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules occur to maintain metabolic homeostasis of the body, and is constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently to oxidative stress. Materials and Methods. The effectiveness of the antioxidant defense system in the rats’ liver was evaluated by measuring the level of oxidative stress markers (lipid peroxidation (LPO)) and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes – catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR), and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH). Results. The potential antioxidant properties of thiosulfonate esters and their dose-dependent effect in the liver were determined. In particular, under the action of thiosulfonate esters at a dose of 100 mg/kg, the content of lipid peroxidation products in the liver did not change significantly. Catalase activity and the content of reduced glutathione increased under the action of ETS dose of 100 mg/kg. Under the action of ATS and AATS doses of 100 mg/kg, the activity of GP decreased. At the same time, the effect of ETS at a dose of 50 mg/kg significantly decreased the level of lipid hydroperoxides. The effect of ATS and AATS doses of 50 mg/kg decreased TBA-reactive products. Under the action of the studied compounds in a lower dose, the activity of SOD and GP increased, and the content of reduced glutathione increased. At the same time, the decrease in the activity of GR under the action of AATS combined with an increased content of reduced glutathione is probably due to the inhibitory effect of the test substance on energy processes in the body. Conclusions. The studied thiosulfonate esters demonstrated a dose-dependent effect on the redox balance in the rats’ liver, proving to be more effective with lower doses of thiosulfonates.

The Trace Element Concentrations and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Afterbirths from Women with Multiple Pregnancies.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the intensity of oxidative stress by measuring the concentrations of lipid peroxidation products (LPO) in fetal membrane, umbilical cord, and placenta samples obtained from women with multiple pregnancies. Additionally, the effectiveness of protection against oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GR). Due to the role of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) as cofactors for antioxidant enzymes, the concentrations of these elements were also analyzed in the studied afterbirths. The obtained data were compared with newborn parameters, selected environmental factors, and the health status of women during pregnancy to determine the relationship between oxidative stress and the health of women and their offspring during pregnancy. The study involved women (n = 22) with multiple pregnancies and their newborns (n = 45). The Fe, Zn, and Cu levels in the placenta, umbilical cord, and fetal membrane were determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) using an ICAP 7400 Duo system. Commercial assays were used to determine SOD, GPx, GR, CAT, and LPO activity levels. The determinations were made spectrophotometrically. The present study also investigated the relationships between trace element concentrations in fetal membrane, placenta, and umbilical cord samples and various maternal and infant parameters in women. Notably, a strong positive correlation was observed between Cu and Zn concentrations in the fetal membrane (p = 0.66) and between Zn and Fe concentrations in the placenta (p = 0.61). The fetal membrane Zn concentration exhibited a negative correlation with shoulder width (p = -0.35), while the placenta Cu concentration was positively correlated with placenta weight (p = 0.46) and shoulder width (p = 0.36). The umbilical cord Cu level was positively correlated with head circumference (p = 0.36) and birth weight (p = 0.35), while the placenta Fe concentration was positively correlated with placenta weight (p = 0.33). Furthermore, correlations were determined between the parameters of antioxidative stress (GPx, GR, CAT, SOD) and oxidative stress (LPO) and the parameters of infants and maternal characteristics. A negative correlation was observed between Fe and LPO product concentrations in the fetal membrane (p = -0.50) and placenta (p = -0.58), while the Cu concentration positively correlated with SOD activity in the umbilical cord (p = 0.55). Given that multiple pregnancies are associated with various complications, such as preterm birth, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, and placental and umbilical cord abnormalities, research in this area is crucial for preventing obstetric failures. Our results could serve as comparative data for future studies. However, we advise caution when interpreting our results, despite achieving statistical significance.

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Effect of Dihydroquercetin in Adult Residents of the North under Adverse Environmental Conditions

Introduction: Transport-related air pollution (vehicle exhaust emissions) and the consumption of poor-quality drinking water can play a key role in the activation of oxidative stress in the population of the northern region. Purpose: To study the effectiveness of taking dihydroquercetin to improve the adaptive reserves of antioxidant protection in the adult population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Materials and methods: Using test kits, we measured the content of lipid peroxidation products (lipid hydroperoxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and antioxidant defense of the body (total antioxidant activity and thiol status) in blood serum of 156 young adults residing in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug before and after metabolic correction using Baikal dihydroquercetin, an antioxidant herbal preparation, at a dose of 60 mg/day for 30 days. The oxidative stress index was calculated by the formula: lipid hydroperoxides × 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances / total antioxidant activity × thiol status. Results: We established increased lipid peroxidation, i.e. higher levels of lipid hydroperoxides and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, in heavy-duty vehicle drivers occupationally exposed to car exhaust pollutants and urban residents consuming poor-quality tap water with a high content of iron and manganese ions, the excess of which in the form of inorganic compounds can demonstrate prooxidant properties before correction with dihydroquercetin. We also noted a decrease in the parameters of the antioxidant defense of the body (total antioxidant activity and thiol status) below the reference values. The oxidative stress index was 5.4 and 4.9 times higher than the upper limit of adequate values in the group of drivers and residents of the cities of Nyagan and Nefteyugansk, respectively. After taking dihydroquercetin at a dose of 60 mg/day for 30 days, all indicators of oxidative metabolism in both study groups returned to normal. A significant decrease in the level of thiabarbituric acid reactive substances was found in both groups, respectively: p¹ = 0.011 and p² = 0.002, in combination with a statistically significant increase in the total antioxidant activity (p¹ = 0.015 and p² = 0.019) against the background of the most pronounced decrease in the oxidative stress index: p¹ = 0.019 and p² = 0.001, however, not reaching the level of physiologically adequate values. Conclusion: Positive changes in redox metabolism observed following a 30-day correction with the antioxidant drug dihydroquercetin give evidence of the restoration of adaptive resources of the human organism and an increase in its resistance to adverse environmental factors.

Lipid composition and peroxidation products in the body tissues in bees under the action of different doses of nanotechnological Ge citrate and the probiotic Lactobacillus casei В-7280

Modern methods of preserving honey bees focus on increasing their viability, feeding level and productivity development during different growth periods. There is a tendency to use new effective remedies of natural origin. Their action mechanisms differ from synthetic substances and drugs due to the activation of the body’s protective reactions at the physiological level. The probiotic Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280 has an effective stimulating effect on physiological processes in bees under various environmental and experimental conditions. The physiological effect of this probiotic is associated with normalizing of the intestinal bacterial microflora and participation in modulating body’s protective reactions. The resistance of honey bees also depends on mineral nutrition, which affects metabolic processes at the tissue, organ and system levels and determines the vitality and resistance of the organism. Mineral elements are involved in protein, lipid, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, they activate enzyme systems. Therefore, the aim of the research was to determine the effect of the probiotic L. сasei B-7280 in combination with different doses of Ge nanotechnological citrate (NTC) on the lipid composition and peroxidation products content in bees’ tissues. Bees of the control group were fed 60% sugar syrup (SS) in the amount of 1 cm3/group/day. The bees of the first experimental group (R1) were fed 1 cm3 of SS, 0.1 μg of Ge NTC and a solution of probiotic L. casei B-7280 (106 cells/cm3); the second experimental group (R2) received 0.2 μg of Ge citrate and probiotic L. casei B-7280 (106 cells/cm3). The feeding duration was 34 days. It was established that feeding sugar syrup, L. сasei and different doses of Ge citrate increased the content of phospholipids, mono- and diacylglycerols in the R2 group, cholesterol esterification in the R1 group, and decreased free cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids compared to the K group and P period. The results indicate a dose-dependent effect of Ge NTC on lipid metabolism in body tissue homogenates. There was an increase in the triacylglycerols level in the lipids in all groups during the experimental period. The biological effect of nanotechnological Ge citrate and L. сasei cause a decrease of lipid peroxidation processes in bees of the experimental groups.