End Product Of Lipid Peroxidation Research Articles

Glycerophospholipids protect stallion spermatozoa from oxidative damage in vitro.

Stallion sperm membranes comprise a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, making stallion spermatozoa especially vulnerable to peroxidative damage from reactive oxygen species generated as a by-product of cell metabolism. Membrane lipid replacement therapy with glycerophospholipid (GPL) mixtures has been shown to reduce oxidative damage in vitro and in vivo. The aims of this study were to test the effects of a commercial preparation of GPL, NTFactor® Lipids, on stallion spermatozoa under oxidative stress. When oxidative damage was induced by the addition of arachidonic acid to stallion spermatozoa, the subsequent addition of GPL reduced the percentage of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE; a key end product of lipid peroxidation) positive cells (32.9 ± 2.7 vs 20.9 ± 2.3%; P ≤ 0.05) and increased the concentration of 4-HNE within the spent media (0.026 ± 0.003 vs 0.039 ± 0.004 µg/mL; P ≤ 0.001), suggesting that oxidized lipids had been replaced by exogenous GPL. Lipid replacement improved several motility parameters (total motility: 2.0 ± 1.0 vs 68.8 ± 2.9%; progressive motility: 0 ± 0 vs 19.3 ± 2.6%; straight line velocity: 9.5 ± 2.1 vs 50.9 ± 4.1 µm/s; curvilinear velocity: 40.8 ± 10 vs 160.7 ± 7.8 µm/s; average path velocity: 13.4 ± 2.9 vs 81.9 ± 5.9 µm/s; P ≤ 0.001), sperm viability (13.5 ± 2.9 vs 80.2 ± 1.6%; P ≤ 0.001) and reduced mitochondrial ROS generation (98.2 ± 0.6 vs 74.8 ± 6.1%; P ≤ 0.001). Supplementation with GPL during 17°C in vitro sperm storage over 72 h improved sperm viability (66.4 ± 2.6 vs 78.1 ± 2.9%; P ≤ 0.01) and total motility (53 ± 5.6 vs 66.3 ± 3.5%; P ≤ 0.05). It is concluded that incubation of stallion spermatozoa with sub-µm-sized GPL micelles results in the incorporation of exogenous GPL into sperm membranes, diminishing lipid peroxidation and improving sperm quality in vitro.Lay summarySperm collection and storage is an important step in many artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization regimes for several species, including humans and horses. The sperm membrane, which acts as a protective outer barrier, is made up of fatty acid-containing molecules – called phospholipids. These phospholipids may become damaged by waste products generated by the cell, such as hydrogen peroxide, during non-chilled sperm storage. We aimed to determine if sperm cells were able to repair this membrane damage by supplementing them with phospholipids during non-chilled storage. Sperm was collected from five miniature stallions by artificial vagina, and then supplemented with phospholipids during 72 h sperm storage at 17°C. Our studies show that when stallion sperm are supplemented with phospholipids in vitro, they are able to remove their damaged membrane phospholipids and swap them for undamaged ones, aiding in resistance to cellular waste and improving cell health and potential fertility.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Biofield Energy Treated Proprietary Test Formulation in Intestinal Tissues on Combination of Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli Induced Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in Sprague Dawley Rats

The study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the Biofield Energy Treated Proprietary Test Formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se to the animals on Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) model in Sprague Dawley rats. In this experiment, different antioxidants biomarkers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidase (LPO) and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) were analysed using ELISA assay in intestines. A test formulation was formulated including minerals (magnesium, zinc, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, vitamin E, cyanocobalamin, and cholecalciferol), Panax ginseng extract, β-carotene, and cannabidiol isolate. The constituents of the test formulation were divided into two parts; one section was defined as the untreated test formulation, while the other portion of the test formulation and three groups of animals received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely for about 3 minutes by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The level of MPO was reduced by 21.16%, 15.9%, and 11.95% in the G5 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation); G7 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15); and G8 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se plus the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15) groups, respectively as compared to the disease control (G2) group. Moreover, the level of SOD was increased by 30.34% (p≤0.001), 10.30%, and 13.62% in the G5, G6, and G8 group as compared to the untreated test formulation (G4) group. The level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) end product in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly reduced by 23.58% (p≤0.001), 17.99% (p≤0.01), and 15.62% (p≤0.001) in the G5, G6, and G7 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. The level of TNF-α was decreased by 7.81% in the G5 group as compared to the G2 group. Moreover, the level of IL-6 was decreased by 38%, 40.4%, and 15.35% in the G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G4 group. Additionally, the level of MIP-2 was reduced by 40.35%, 60.29%, 49.33%, and 42.43% in the G5, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Overall, the data suggested the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se along with preventive measure on the animal with respect to various inflammatory conditions that might be beneficial various types of systemic inflammatory disorders specially sepsis, trauma, septic shock or any types of injuries. Therefore, the results showed the significant slowdown the inflammation-related disease progression and its complications/symptoms in the preventive Biofield Energy Treatment group per se and/or Biofield Energy Treated Test formulation groups (viz. G6, G7, G8, and G9) comparatively with the disease control group.

Lipoperoxide Nanoemulsion as Adjuvant in Cisplatin Cancer Therapy: In Vitro Study on Human Colon Adenocarcinoma DLD-1 Cells.

Cisplatin is a first-choice chemotherapeutic agent used to treat solid tumors even though the onset of multi-drug resistance and the time–dose side-effects impair its mono-therapeutic application. Therefore, new drug-delivery approaches, based on nanomedicine strategies, are needed to enhance its therapeutic potential in favor of a dose-reduction of cisplatin. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolism-derived intermediates, as well as lipid peroxidation end-products, are used as adjuvants to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Lipid hydroperoxides, derived from the oxidation of edible oils, can contribute to cell death, generating breakdown products (e.g., reactive aldehydes). In this regard, the aim of this present study was to evaluate an invitro combinatory strategy between a lecithin-based nanoemulsion system of K600, a patented mixture of peroxidated oil and peroxidated cholesterol, and cisplatin on DLD1 human adenocarcinoma cells. Our findings showed that nanoemulsions, acting in synergy with cisplatin, improve cisplatin bioactivity, in terms of enhancing its anti-cancer activity, towards DLD1 cells. Indeed, this combination approach, whilst maintaining cisplatin at low concentrations, induces a significant reduction in DLD1 cell viability, an increase in pro-apoptotic markers, and genotoxic damage. Therefore, K600 nanoemulsions as an efficient targeted delivery system of cisplatin allow for the reduction in the chemotherapeutic agent doses.

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSE OF LAYING HEN’S ORGANISM TO DERMANYSSUS GALLINAE

The paper discusses physiological and biochemical aspects of relations in the "parasite-host" system by the example of market Hy-Line laying hens and Dermanyssus gallinae. The hens of the experimental group were kept in a poultry house with a degree of D. gallinae infection at "+++"; this condition was considered as a stress factor for the birds. The control group had no parasitic agents. Blood was taken from 10 randomly selected birds from the experimental and control groups to determine physiological, biochemical and morphophysiological parameters. The complex of parameters was analyzed for carbohydrate-energy, protein and lipid metabolisms. The nature of metabolic processes in laying hens in dermanyssosis was assessed. The endocrine system supply of the hen’s organism with stress-associated hormones, in particular cortisol and triiodothyronine, was studied. The paper presents the results of molecular consequences of a stress reaction developed in hens in dermanyssosis. Stress in birds was accompanied by excessively activated lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in antioxidant defense. The trend to an increase in the content of Schiff’s bases, the end products of lipid peroxidation in the experimental hens, allows us to note the chronicity of stress reaction, which causes derangement of metabolism in hens in dermanyssosis. The third stage of stress reaction, the stage of exhaustion, was diagnosed in laying hens in dermanyssosis.

Analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in skin tags patients

 Background: Skin tags (known as acrochordon) are the most common benign skin tumors, usually skin-colored or hyperpigmented, found in the natural folds of the skin. They have been associated with various clinical conditions. A few studies results have been reported regarding the oxidative stress are strongly associated with skin tumor. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an end product of lipid peroxidation by free radicals in the body. MDA assay is widely used as a biomarker to evaluate systemic oxidative stress in biomedical fields. This study evaluated the difference in serum MDA level in skin tags patients and controlMethods: This study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design, including 40 patients with skin tags and 40 healthy volunteer controls, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Age, sex, and family history of skin tags were estimated on the patients. Diagnosis of skin tags was made based on history and clinical examination. Measurement of MDA level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to the patients and controls. Mann- Whitney test is used to determine the differences in serum MDA levels. The results were significant, with a p-value <0.05.Results: Mean MDA level of skin tags patients was highest at age 50– 59 years (27,01 ± 10,87 nmol/ml). The mean MDA level of male skin tag patients (15,99 ± 8,23 nmol/ml) was higher than females (15,23 ± 8,17 nmol/ml). The mean MDA level of skin tag patients with a family history (19,77± 7,92 nmol/ml) was higher compared to patients without a family history (11,82 ± 8,48 nmol/ml). The mean of MDA level was significantly higher in the skin tags group (15,81 ± 8,23 nmol/ml) than the control group (8,86± 7,02ng/ml) with p = 0.032.Conclusion: There were higher significant differences in serum MDA levels in the skin tags patients than in control.

Dynamics of cellular factors of innate immunity and antioxidant protection in the patients with chronic recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis upon exposure to cavitated physiological solution

Dysfunction of colonization resistance factors at the mucous membranes of genitourinary system during adhesion of Candida fungi is a common pathogenic situation leading to impairment of the mucous membrane regeneration, unsuccessful attempts at in vitro fertilization (IVF), increased risk of complications during gestation. The aim of present study was to substantiate the opportunity of complex therapy for chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis using cavitated saline and usage suppositories with alpha-2b human recombinant interferon a (Viferon LLC, Russia). The study involved 90 women at the age of25.45±7.16 years, with clinically and laboratory confirmed recurrencies of chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis observed, on average, 5.55±0.45 times. Group 1 consisted of 30 women with C. albicans infection of urogenital tract, at the mean age of 27.11±1.52 years, who received therapy with fluconazole (150 mg once every 7 days). Group 2 consisted of 30 women with C. albicans infection of mucous membranes, mean age 27.31±1.99 years, treated with Fluconazole (150 mg 1 time in 7 days, and 5-min. irrigation of vagina with ultrasonicated saline solution, 7 days; Low-intensity ultrasound exposure was performed using the Fotek AK100-25 hardware complex, ultrasonic vibration frequency of 25 kHz (Yekaterinburg, Russia). Group 3 consisted of 30 women whose treatment included Fluconazole (150 mg once every 6 days), irrigation of mucous membranes with ultrasonicated cavitated solution and subsequent administration of suppositories containing Viferon® 500,000 IU (1 suppository daily for 7 days). Biochemical studies included determination of isopropanol- and heptane-soluble primary, secondary end products of lipid peroxidation. Activity of the antioxidant system was studied by determination of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, ceruloplasmin, vitamin C. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of neutrophilic granulocytes from vaginal secretions were evaluated by testing phagocytic activity, reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium compound to diformazan. The studies of IL-8, TNFα, IL-2, and IL-10 cytokines were carried out in cell-free supernates of vaginal secretions by ELISA test systems (LLC “Vector Best”, Novosibirsk). Results: upon therapeutic exposure to low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation combined with antioxidant drug, we have observed a decreased local concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the balance of lipid peroxidationantioxidant defense system was restored, and functional metabolic status of the phagocytes in vaginal secretions was normalized.

Динамика изменений показателей свободно-радикального окисления при изолированном переломе бедренной кости в условиях системной озонотерапии

Введение. Изолированные переломы бедренной кости (ИПБК) составляют более 10% от числа всех дорожных травм. Реакция организма в ответ на травму сопровождается нарушением гомеостаза, активацией процессов свободно-радикального окисления. Одним из перспективных направлений коррекции метаболических нарушений при хирургической патологии является озонотерапия. Цель исследования - оценка в динамике показателей свободно-радикального окисления в плазме крови у пациентов с изолированным переломом бедренной кости в условиях применения системной озонотерапии. Методика. Исследование выполнено на 36 пациентах с ИПБК и 20 условно здоровых лицах. Содержание изопропанол- и гептан-растворимых первичных, вторичных и конечных продуктов перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ) в плазме оценивали на 5-7-е сут после травмы до начала хирургического лечения, а также на 18-е сут после травмы, хирургического лечения и стандартного курса терапии, в том числе дополненного курсом малой аутогемотерапии (МАГТ), - 7-9 инъекций с озонированием крови (концентрация озона 20 мг/л). Результаты. Ранний посттравматический период у пациентов с ИПБК до оперативного лечения сопровождается накоплением первичных (диеновые конъюгаты), вторичных (ацилгидроперекиси, кетодиены и сопряженные триены) и конечных (основания Шиффа) продуктов ПОЛ в гептановой фазе липидного экстракта плазмы, а также вторичных и конечных продуктов ПОЛ в изопропанольной фазе липидного экстракта плазмы. У пациентов с ИПБК после оперативного лечения на фоне стандартной консервативной терапии сохраняется высокий уровень продуктов ПОЛ в гептановой и изопропанольной фазах липидного экстракта плазмы, что свидетельствует об эскалации окислительного стресса. Применение процедуры МАГТ с озонированием крови приводит к снижению и полному восстановлению уровня продуктов ПОЛ в изопропанольной фазе, снижению и частичному восстановлению продуктов ПОЛ в гептановой фазе липидного экстракта плазмы. Заключение. Применение МАГТ с озонированием крови оптимизирует состояние про- и антиоксидантных систем крови и ограничевает эскалацию окислительного стресса. Introduction. Isolated femoral fractures (IFF) account for more than 10% of all road injuries. The body responds to trauma with homeostatic disorders and activation of free radical oxidation. The ozone therapy is one of promising directions for correction of metabolic disorders in surgical pathology due to the pleiotropic effects of reactive oxygen species. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in indexes of free radical oxidation in plasma of patients with isolated femoral fracture during the systemic ozone therapy. Methods. The study included 36 patients with IFF and 20 healthy individuals. Plasma concentrations of isopropanol and heptane-soluble primary, secondary, and end products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured at 5-7 days after the injury, prior to the surgical treatment, and at 18 days after the injury following the surgical treatment and a standard therapy, including a course of minor autohemotherapy (7-9 injections of ozonated blood with ozone concentration of 20 mg/l). Results. The early post-traumatic period preceding the surgical treatment was associated with accumulation of LPO primary (conjugated dienes), secondary (ketodienes, and conjugated trienes) and end (Schiff bases) products in the heptane phase of plasma lipid extract, as well as LPO secondary and end products in the isopropanol phase of plasma lipid extract. In patients with IFF after the surgical treatment in combination with a standard, conservative therapy, high levels of LPO products remained in the heptane and isopropanol phases of plasma lipid extract, which indicated escalation of oxidative stress. The use of minor autohemotherapy with blood ozonation resulted in a decrease and complete restoration of the level of LPO products in the isopropanol phase and a decrease and partial return to the normal level of LPO products in the heptane phase of plasma lipid extract. Conclusions. The use of minor autohemotherapy with blood ozonation improved the condition of pro- and antioxidant blood systems and restricted the escalation of oxidative stress.

Arsenic-induced uterine apoptotic damage is protected by ethyl acetate fraction of Camellia sinensis (green tea) via Bcl-2-BAX through NF-κB regulations in Wistar rats.

The non-invasive treatment strategy is indispensable to overcome the side effects of conventional treatment with chelating agents against arsenic. Presence of catechins and flavonoids inCamellia sinensis have potential antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects. The aim of the study was to explore the curative potential role of Camellia sinensis against uterine damages produced by sodium arsenite in mature albino rats. A dose of 10 mg ofCamellia sinensis ethyl acetate (CS-EA) fraction/100 gm body weight was provided to the sodium arsenite-treated rats (10 mg/Kg body weight). LC-MS analysis was used for the detection of active component in CS-EA fraction. Enzymatic antioxidants analysis carried out by reproducible native gel technique. Hormones and some pro and anti-inflammatory markers were detected by ELISA, PCR, and western blot techniques respectively. Immunostaining was performed for the detection of estradiol receptor alpha. LC-MS analysis of CS-EA fraction ensured the presence of active tea polyphenol and tea catechin of which highest peak of epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG) was obtainedin this study. Significant elevations of lipid peroxidation end products followed by the diminution of antioxidant enzymes activities werenoted in arsenicated rats which were capably retrieved by the treatmentof CS-EA fraction. Post-treatment with CS-EA fraction meaningfully improved gonadotrophins and estradiol signalling in association with a highly expressing estradiol receptor-α (ERα) in the ovary and uterus followed by the maintenance of normal utero-ovarian histoarchitecture in arsenic fed rats. CS-EA fractioned treated group overturned the sodium arsenite driven higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proapoptotic markers along with a low level of anti apoptotic Bcl-2 expression and comparatively lower NF-κB signalling in the uterus via regulating IKK β kinase mostly by EGCG of CS-EA fraction. However, ethyl acetate fractionof Camellia sinensis played a critical role in minimizing arsenic-mediated uterine hypo-function.

Antioxidant Activity of Biofield Treated Proprietary Test Formulation Supplemented with Vitamins and Minerals in Vitamin D3 Deficiency Diet (VDD) Induced Sprague Dawley Rats

A proprietary formulation was designed that consisted minerals (zinc, magnesium, iron, calcium, selenium, and copper), vitamins (pyridoxine HCl, cyanocobalamin, ascorbic acid, and cholecalciferol), Panax ginseng extract, and cannabidiol isolate. The study was aimed to assess the potential of the novel test formulation (blessed) and per se to the animals with the Trivedi Effect® in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, fed with vitamin D3 deficiency diet (VDD). The test formulation consisted above mentioned ingredients was divided into two parts. One part was left aside as the untreated test formulation without any Biofield Treatment, while the other part was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated sample, which received the Biofield Treatment by renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The level of lipid peroxidation end product malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissues was significantly reduced by 34.59%, 34.91%, and 65.81% (p≤0.001) in test formulation treated with Biofield Energy (G5), Biofield Treated test formulation from day -15 (G7), Biofield Treatment per se with Biofield Treated test formulation from day -15 (G8) groups, respectively as compared to the disease control group (G2). Moreover, level of catalase enzyme in liver tissues was also increased by 8.64% in the G7 group as compared to the G2 group. Besides, in brain homogenate the level of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was significantly increased by 433.94%, 266.97%, 133.94%, 467.89%, and 489.86% in the G5, Biofield Energy Treatment per se to animals from day -15 (G6), G7, G8, and Biofield Treatment per se animals plus untreated test formulation (G9) groups, respectively than G2. Antioxidant enzyme-like superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly (p≤0.001) increased by 14.16% in the G9 group as compared to the G2 group. Allover, results signified that the Biofield Treated test formulation significantly increased antioxidative parameters, could be able to give support against oxidative stress induced by free radical and to maintain a good human health.

Коррекция α-токоферолом свободнорадикального дисбаланса крови и поведения пренатально стрессированных крыс

The research involved female mongrel white rats (n = 16) and their offspring (sexually mature males, n = 75). Pregnant females were divided into 4 groups: control (intact animals), stress (from the 16th to the 19th day of pregnancy females were subjected to 3-hour immobilization in plastic cases), stress+α-tocopherol (against the background of immobilization, females received α-tocopherol at a dose of 1 mg per 100 g of weight starting from the 2nd day of pregnancy), and α-tocopherol (females received α-tocopherol in the same dose and regimen as the group above). The control and stress groups received vegetable oil instead of α-tocopherol. In 3-month-old female offspring, we studied behaviour and determined the levels of products of free radical modification of proteins and lipids, total antioxidant activity as well as superoxide dismutase and ceruloplasmin activity in the blood plasma. Prenatal stress increased the exploratory and motor activity in offspring and modified the level of free radical homeostasis in the serum of male rats: there was an increase in the level of products of oxidative modification of proteins, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration, end products of lipid peroxidation (Schiff bases), total antioxidant activity and ceruloplasmin activity, as well as a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity. Alpha-tocopherol taken by females during pregnancy brought all the oxidation parameters modified by immobilization to the values of the control group; the levels of primary products of oxidative modification of proteins and lipid peroxidation decreased two-fold, compared with the stress group. The activity of superoxide dismutase and ceruloplasmin returned to the control values, but the total antioxidant activity remained at the level of the stress group. Thus, there is reason to assume that α-tocopherol has a significant corrective effect on the intensity of free radical processes in prenatally stressed white male rats.

Detoxification of Reactive Aldehydes by Alda-1 Treatment Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice

Reactive aldehydes are generated as a toxic end-product of lipid peroxidation under inflammatory oxidative stress condition which is a well-established phenomenon in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Alda-1, a selective agonist of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), is known to detoxify the reactive aldehydes. In this study, we investigated the effect of Alda-1 on CNS myelin pathology associated with reactive aldehydes and mitochondrial/peroxisomal dysfunctions in a mouse model of EAE. Daily treatment of EAE mice with Alda-1, starting at the peak of disease, ameliorated the clinical manifestation of disease along with the improvement of motor functions. Accordingly, Alda-1 treatment improved demyelination and neuroaxonal degeneration in EAE mice. EAE mice had increased levels of reactive aldehyde species, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and acrolein (ACL) in the spinal cords and these levels were significantly reduced in Alda-1-treated EAE mice. Furthermore, Alda-1 treatment improved the loss of mitochondrial (OXPHOS) and peroxisomal (PMP70 and catalase) proteins as well as mitochondrial/peroxisomal proliferation factors (PGC-1α and PPARs) in the spinal cords of EAE mice. Taken together, this study demonstrates the therapeutic efficacy of ALDH2-agonist Alda-1 in the abatement of EAE disease through the detoxification of reactive aldehydes, thus suggesting Alda-1 as a potential therapeutic intervention for MS.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Biofield Energy Treated Proprietary Test Formulation in Lungs Tissues on Combination of Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli Induced Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in Sprague Dawley Rats

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of the Biofield Energy Treated Proprietary Test Formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se to the animals on Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) model in Sprague Dawley rats using lungs antioxidants and cytokines. In this experiment, various antioxidants like myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) were analysed using ELISA assay in lungs. A test formulation was formulated including minerals (magnesium, zinc, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, vitamin E, cyanocobalamin, and cholecalciferol), Panax ginseng extract, β-carotene, and cannabidiol isolate. The constituents of the test formulation were divided into two parts; one section was defined as the untreated test formulation, while the other portion of the test formulation and three group of animals received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely for about 3 minutes by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The level of MPO was reduced by 45.77%, 53.36%, 47.80%, 53.89%, and 57.72% in the G5 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation); G6 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se to animals from day -15); G7 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15); G8 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se plus the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15), and G9 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se animals plus the untreated test formulation) groups, respectively as compared to the disease control (G2) group. Additionally, the level of SOD was increased by 7% in the G9 group as compared to the untreated test formulation (G4) group. The level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) end product in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly reduced by 15.46% (p≤0.05), 14.53% (p≤0.05), and 11.88% in the G5, G6, G7, and G8 groups, respectively as compared to the G4 group. The level of TNF-α was decreased by 15.05%, 42.48% (p≤0.001), 48.73% (p≤0.001), and 42.85% (p≤0.001) in the G5, G6, G7, and G8 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Moreover, the level of IL-6 was decreased by 29.44% (p≤0.001), 19%, 39.56% (p≤0.001), and 40.79% (p≤0.001) in the G5, G6, G7, and G8 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Additionally, the level of MIP-2 was reduced by 10.99%, 14.37%, 40.16%, 16.75%, and 18.41% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G4 group. Overall, the data suggested the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of the Biofield Energy. Treated test formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se along with preventive measure on the animal with respect to various inflammatory conditions that might be beneficial various types of systemic inflammatory disorders specially sepsis, trauma, septic shock or any types of injuries. Therefore, the results showed the significant slowdown the inflammation-related disease progression and its complications/symptoms in the preventive Biofield Energy Treatment group per se and/or Biofield Energy Treated Test formulation groups (viz. G6, G7, G8, and G9) comparatively with the disease control group.

Holo-lactoferrin: the link between ferroptosis and radiotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer.

Rationale: Iron-saturated Lf (Holo-Lactoferrin, Holo-Lf) exhibits a superior anticancer property than low iron-saturated Lf (Apo-Lf). Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS). Radiotherapy also exerts its therapeutic effect through ROS.Methods: The effect of different iron-saturated Lf on ferroptosis and radiotherapy were tested on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231 and non-TNBC cell line MCF-7.Results: Holo-Lf significantly increased the total iron content, promoted ROS generation, increased lipid peroxidation end product, malondialdehyde (MDA), and enhanced ferroptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. By contrast, Apo-Lf upregulated SLC7a11 expression, increased GSH generation and inhibited ferroptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. However, non-TNBC MCF-7 cells were resistant to Holo-Lf-induced ferroptosis because MCF-7 cells have a higher redox balance capacity than MDA-MB-231 cells. More importantly, Holo-Lf downregulated HIF-1α expression, ameliorated the hypoxia microenvironment in subcutaneous MDA-MB-231 tumors, and promoted radiation-induced DNA damage to hypoxic MDA-MB-231 cells. Finally, the efficacy of radiotherapy to MDA-MB-231 tumors was enhanced by Holo-Lf.Conclusion: Holo-Lf could induce ferroptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells and sensitize MDA-MB-231 tumors to radiotherapy.

Investigation of the Effect of Berberine with Arginase Activity and Oxidant-Antioxidant Parameters on Bortezomib-Induced Spleen Injury in Rats

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of berberine, one of the natural flavonoids, against spleen damage caused by bortezomib (BTZ), which was widely used in the treatment of cancer. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: a control group, BTZ-treated group, berberine alone treated group 100 mg / kg, , BTZ + berberine 50 mg/kg treated group, and BTZ+berberine 100 mg/kg treated group. Analysis results showed that BTZ caused oxidative stress by reducing antioxidant enzyme activities such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels, thereby increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels which is the end product of lipid peroxidation. However, by increasing the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels, berberine was found to reduce BTZ-induced oxidative stress and MDA levels significantly. It was also observed that BTZ decreased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and increased the total oxidant capacity (TOC) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, while the berberine made these parameters closer to the control group levels. Arginase activity was also measured in the study. When the results were examined, it was seen that BTZ suppressed arginase activity and BTZ and berberine combined administration regained arginase activity. Accordingly, it is thought that the berberine provides significant protection by lessening the oxidative and nitrosative stress triggered by BTZ in the spleen tissue, and after these results are supported by further studies, the berberine can be included among alternative treatment options.

Effect of Dietary Flaxseed Oil Supplementation on the Redox Status, Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Horses' Blood.

Simple SummaryFlaxseed oils have long been used in animal feeding and human nutrition due to the beneficial effects of their biologically active substances, especially omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the replacement of soybean oil (SO) with flaxseed oil (FO) in the horses’ diet on biochemical, haematological, and redox status parameters of the blood. We found FO contributed to an improvement of lipid profile, haematological parameters of the blood and enhanced antioxidant defence mechanisms of horses. This suggests that substitution of SO with FO in the diet of horses is beneficial for their health status.This study compared the effect of two dietary vegetable oils on plasma biochemical indices, haematological parameters, and redox status of horses. Forty riding horses (20 mares and 20 stallions) of the Malopolski breed were divided equally into two groups that were similar in terms of age, sex, and body weight (on average 530 ± 30 kg). The horses received soybean oil (SO) or flaxseed oil (FO) in the amount of 25 mL per 100 kg BW/day. After 60 days, blood was collected for biochemical and haematological analyses. The results show that horses receiving FO as compared to the SO group had significantly lower plasma levels of glucose, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio and triacylglycerols, as well as the activities of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. In turn, %HDL-TC and lactate dehydrogenase activity were significantly higher in the FO group. The inclusion of FO in the diet contributed to an increase in antioxidant indices: creatinine, vitamin C, copper, and zinc contents and also superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The level of the end product of lipid peroxidation, i.e., malonyl dialdehyde, in the FO group as compared to the SO group was significantly lower. Moreover, FO caused an elevation in red blood cell indicators, lymphocyte count and lysozymes. In conclusion, FO exerts a beneficial effect by stimulating antioxidant defence mechanisms of horses and reducing the severity of oxidative stress. FO also improved the lipid profile and haematological parameters of the blood. The replacement of SO by FO is recommended based on these findings.

Protective effect of pregabalin on the brain tissue of diabetic rats.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. Pregabalin (PGB) is an antiepileptic drug with proven efficacy in the treatment of epilepsy, generalized anxiety disorder, and neuropathic pain. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of PGB in brain tissue of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced experimental diabetes. Twenty-eight Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into four groups with seven rats each: (I) Control group, (II) PGB (50mg/kg PBG), (III) DM, and (IV) DM + PGB (50mg/kg/day PGB per orally for 8weeks). Diabetes was induced with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) STZ injection (Sigma Chemical Co Louis Missour, USA) at a dose of 180mg/kg. STZ was dissolved in 0.1M phosphate-citrate tampon (pH 4.5). Paraffin sections were examined using histological and immunohistochemical analyses. To detect oxidative damage biochemically, malondialdehyde (MDA), the end product of lipid peroxidation; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) which are antioxidant enzymes, levels were studied. In addition, bax, caspase-3 enzyme activities and TUNEL assay were studied to evaluate the apoptosis status. In the DM group, MDA concentrations were significantly higher and GPx and SOD activities were significantly lower compared to the control group. MDA concentrations were significantly lower and SOD activity was significantly higher in the DM + PGB group than in the DM group. The GPx activity in the DM group decreased significantly compared to the control group. In immunohistochemical examinations (Bax, Caspase-3 and TUNEL), the apoptosis rate was significantly lower in the in DM + PGB group than in the DM group. Pregabalin may prevent harmful effects of oxidative damage by decreasing the MDA levels and increasing the SOD levels. In addition, it was thought that PGB may have antiapoptotic properties due to decreased bax and caspase-3 immunoreactivity and TUNEL positivity in PGB groups. Based on these findings, we think that PGB may be effective in reducing the risk of brain damage associated with DM.

Локальный антиоксидантный эффект оригинальной дермальной пленки c мелатонином при термической травме

Oxidative stress (OS) escalation associated with thermal trauma (TT) and pleiotropic effects of melatonin (MT) suggest a study of protective properties of the latter when applied as part of a novel dermal film (DF) to skin burns. This work aimed to assess the content of OS markers in the skin subjected to experimental TT and treated with DF with MT. Third A degree TT (area of 3.5%) were modeled by immersing a patch of skin in boiling water. Twelve cm2 of DF with 5 mg/g of MT were applied daily for 5 days. The parameters calculated were wound's area and epithelializatiohon rate. The products monitored in the burn wound were lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in heptane and isopropanol phases of the lipid extract and protein oxidative modification (POM) products, the modification being spontaneous and metal-dependent. With TT in the wound, the content of secondary and end LPO products in heptane and isopropanol phases increased on the 5th and 10th days; the total content of POM products grew on the 5th day (primary products, neutral) and on the 10th day (primary and secondary products, neutral). Application of DF to a TT wound reduced the burn area, increased the epithelialization rate (by the 10th day, the median went from 1.90% to 6.57%; p < 0.05), reduced the content of secondary and end LPO products in isopropanol phase (by the 10th day, the median went from 0.007 to 0.004 u.o.i; p < 0.05), reduced the total content of OMP products, namely that of primary neutral products — on the 5th day, of primary and secondary neutral products — on the 10th day. With TT present in the context of MT application, the burn area showed presence of secondary LPO products in heptane and isopropanol phases, LPO end products in isopropanol phase, POM products in the wound (basic and neutral primary/secondary POM products).

Protective Effects of a Discontinuous Treatment with Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Obesity-Related Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, in Rats.

Obesity induces hemodynamic and humoral changes that are associated with functional and structural cardiac remodeling, which ultimately result in the development of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In recent years, pharmacological studies in patients with HFpEF were mostly unsatisfactory. In these conditions, alternative new therapeutic approaches are necessary. The aim of our study was (1) to assess the effects of obesity on heart function in an experimental model and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of an alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) antioxidant treatment. Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were either included in the control group (n = 6) or subjected to abdominal aortic banding (AAB) and divided into three subgroups, depending on their diet: standard (AAB + SD, n = 8), hypecaloric (AAB + HD, n = 8) and hypecaloric with discontinuous ALA treatment (AAB + HD + ALA, n = 9). Body weight (BW), glycemia, echocardiography parameters and plasma hydroperoxides were monitored throughout the study. After 36 weeks, plasma adiposity (leptin and adiponectin) and inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) markers, together with B-type natriuretic peptide and oxidative stress markers (end-products of lipid peroxidation and endogenous antioxidant systems) were assessed. Moreover, cardiac fiber diameters were measured. In our experiment, diet-induced obesity generated cardiometabolic disturbances, and in association with pressure-overload induced by AAB, it precipitated the onset of heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, while producing a pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory plasmatic status. In relationship with its antioxidant effects, the chronic ALA-discontinuous treatment prevented BW gain and decreased metabolic and cardiac perturbations, confirming its protective effects on the cardiovascular system.

LIPID PEROXIDATION A PARAMETER LINKED TO OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PSORIASIS: A REVIEW

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease resulting in red silvery skin patches, increased dermal vascularity and keratinocyte hyper proliferation, particularly on extensor prominences and the scalp. There are some exogenous chemicals and endogenous sources which causes skin dysfunction due to the harmful generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among them, the responsible exogenous chemicals are environmental toxins, chemotherapeutics, ionizing radiations, inflammatory cytokines, ultraviolet light, while the endogenous sources include cyt P-450, mitochondria, lipoxygenase, metabolic process, peroxisomes and various enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense mechanisms. It affects DNA, lipids and proteins, which are the cellular components of the skin. Modifications of plasma lipids, an expansion in the levels of biochemical markers of lipid peroxidation and subsequent inflammation suggest the interconnection between inflammation, oxidative damage and psoriasis. The review presents relevance of lipid peroxidation end products like malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4- hydoxynoneal (HNE) as markers of psoriasis that can be targeted for effective treatment, including biomarkers for inflammation, keratinocyte hyperproliferation, abnormal differentiation and oxidative stress.

Orosomucoid 1 Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Cardiomyocytes via Nrf2 Signaling.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer drug, but its therapeutic use is limited by its cardiotoxicity. The principal mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity are oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Orosomucoid 1 (ORM1), an acute-phase protein, plays important roles in inflammation and ischemic stroke; however, the roles and mechanisms of ORM1 in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity remain unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the function of ORM1 in cardiomyocytes experiencing DOX-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. A DOX-induced cardiotoxicity animal model was established in C57BL/6 mice by administering an intraperitoneal injection of DOX (20 mg/kg), and the control group was intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of sterilized saline. The effects were assessed after 7 d. Additionally, H9c2 cells were stimulated with DOX (10 μM) for 24 h. The results showed decreased ORM1 and increased oxidative stress and apoptosis after DOX stimulation in vivo and in vitro. ORM1 overexpression significantly reduced DOX-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. ORM1 significantly increased the expression of nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream protein heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and reduced the expression of the lipid peroxidation end product 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and the level of cleaved caspase-3. In addition, Nrf2 silencing reversed the effects of ORM1 on DOX-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, ORM1 inhibited DOX-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which might provide a new treatment strategy for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.