Lipid Oxidation Research Articles

Preparation and characteristics of soy protein isolate - Sea buckthorn flavone emulsion and their effects of on quality and heterocyclic amines of roasted mutton granules

A soy protein isolate (SPI) - sea buckthorn flavonoid emulsion was developed to study its effects on roasted lamb quality and heterocyclic amine (HAAs) precursors. The emulsion was stable with uniformly dispersed, well-encapsulated droplets averaging 0.1 to 10 μm. CLSM confirmed its good physical stability, small particle size, and uniform dispersion. FTIR the existence of hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interaction and physical adhesion between SPI and sea-buckthorn flavonoids. The emulsion improved lamb pellet texture by reducing chewiness and hardness, increasing adhesion, and decreasing browning. The emulsion-treated roasted mutton showed a 47.95–53.56 % increase in DPPH scavenging activity and MDA content reduction from 60.78 to 17.80 nmol/mg, indicating strong antioxidant activity and lipid oxidation inhibition. For both precursors and HAAs, there was a significant intensity of inhibition, where creatine decreased by about 44.91–68.34 %, glucose by 84.47 %–97.74 %, and the seven HAAs, Norharman, Harman, IQ, MeIQ, MeIQx, AαC, and PhIP, were inhibited by 79.64 %, respectively, 88.76 %, 65.07 %, 87.27 %, 96.16 %, 89.30 % and 49.44 %, respectively. This study aimed to develop a novel soy protein isolate-sea buckthorn flavonoid emulsion and evaluate its potential to improve roasted lamb quality while inhibiting the formation of harmful HAAs.

Insight into aroma dynamic changes during the whole manufacturing process of smoked Lapsang Souchong tea

Smoked Lapsang Souchong tea (SLST) is a distinctive black tea known for its smokey, fruity, and pine flavor. This study analyzed the aroma dynamic changes during the whole manufacturing process of SLST utilizing E-nose, HS-SPME-GC–MS, and HS-SPME-GC-O-MS. Fresh tea leaves primarily contain green and floral volatiles, such as (E)-2-hexenal (OAV 33.41) and linalool (OAV 313.88). Withering and drying processes introduce pinewood smoke-derived phenolic and terpenoid compounds, such as guaiacols (OAV 77.05) and α-terpineol (OAV 1.08), crucial for the tea's smoky and woody aroma. The study further highlights glycoside hydrolysis and lipid oxidation pathways in generating key tea-derived volatiles during fermentation, contributing to the fruity and floral notes in SLST. Pinewood smoke was identified as a major source of smoky volatiles, with longifolene and α-terpineol being unique to pinewood. These findings elucidate the formation pathways of the key volatile compounds and the impact of traditional processing on SLST's aroma profile.

Global Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Extracts from the Endophytic Fungi Cophinforma mamane with Potential Use in Food Systems: The Effects of Time, Temperature, and Solvent on the Extraction Process

Endophytic fungi are promising producers of phenolic compounds; however, the process of extracting these molecules from the culture medium is a crucial step for obtaining these metabolites. In this context, the best conditions for extracting phenolic compounds produced by Cophinforma mamane CF2-13, isolated from an Amazonian plant, were evaluated. The fungus was cultivated in a liquid medium to obtain its metabolites. The effects of the solvent, time, and temperature were investigated, as well as the use of ultrasound. The total phenolics and the antioxidant activity were assessed to define the best extraction conditions. The optimized extract was chemically characterized and used to analyze its potential in protecting olive oil from lipid oxidation. The best results were found using ethyl acetate at 20 °C for 2 h. These conditions led to 61.61 mg GAEq/g of extract of total phenolics, and an antioxidant capacity of 0.47, 0.45, and 0.29 mmol TEq/g of extract using the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods, respectively. In addition, the optimized extract presented caffeic acid and was able to delay the lipid oxidation of olive oil. The potential of endophytic fungi to produce phenolic compounds is promising for the food industry since natural bioactive compounds have many benefits for human health.

Isoorientin Promotes Early Porcine Embryonic Development by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Improving Lipid Metabolism

Isoorientin (ISO) is a natural lignan glycoside flavonoid found in various plants, including Charcot and Stonecrop. ISO exhibits diverse physiological and pharmacological effects, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antiviral, antianxiety, and anti-myocardial ischaemic properties, as well as lipid metabolism regulation. This study investigated the impact of ISO supplementation on oxidative stress and lipid accumulation in porcine early embryos, along with its underlying mechanisms. Porcine embryos were cultured in vitro under different concentrations of ISO (0, 1, 10, and 100 nM). The results revealed that 10 nM ISO significantly enhanced the blastocyst rate and total embryonic cell count in vitro. ISO-treated embryos exhibited reduced reactive oxygen species levels and elevated glutathione levels compared to the untreated group. In addition, ISO treatment significantly increased the expression of the key antioxidant regulator Nrf2, improved mitochondrial function, and reduced lipid droplet accumulation. Concurrently, early embryo autophagy and apoptosis levels decreased. Furthermore, ISO treatment upregulated antioxidant-related genes (SOD1, SOD2, and CAT) and mitochondrial biogenesis related genes (NRF1, NRF2, and SIRT1), while downregulating lipid synthesis-related genes (SREBP1 and FASN). Additionally, lipid hydrolysis-related genes (ACADS) were elevated. These findings collectively suggest that ISO may facilitate early embryonic development in pigs by ameliorating oxidative stress and lipid metabolism.

A novel approach for breast cancer treatment: the multifaceted antitumor effects of rMeV-Hu191.

The therapeutic potential of oncolytic measles virotherapy has been demonstrated across various malignancies. However, the effectiveness against human breast cancer (BC) and the underlying mechanisms of the recombinant measles virus vaccine strain Hu191 (rMeV-Hu191) remain unclear. We utilized a range of methods, including cell viability assay, Western blot, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, SA-β-gal staining, reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR, transcriptome sequencing, BC xenograft mouse models, and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of rMeV-Hu191 against BC and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Additionally, we employed transcriptomics and gene set enrichment analysis to analyze the lipid metabolism status of BC cells following rMeV-Hu191 infection. Our study revealed the multifaceted antitumor effects of rMeV-Hu191 against BC. rMeV-Hu191 induced apoptosis, inhibited proliferation, and promoted senescence in BC cells. Furthermore, rMeV-Hu191 was associated with changes in oxidative stress and lipid homeostasis in infected BC cells. In vivo, studies using a BC xenograft mouse model confirmed a significant reduction in tumor growth following local injection of rMeV-Hu191. The findings highlight the potential of rMeV-Hu191 as a promising treatment for BC and provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying its oncolytic effect.

Lutein and zeaxanthin reduce neuronal cell damage caused by lipid peroxidation

Oxidative stress and lipid peroxide levels in the brain increase with aging. The carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin have potent antioxidant properties and the ability to improve cognitive function. However, their effects on neuronal damage via lipid peroxidation remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the effects of these carotenoids on neuronal damage induced by accumulated peroxidized lipids. We developed an oxidative stress model of lipid peroxidation-induced neuronal damage using differentiated neuronal cells derived from human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in vitro. Combining rotenone and RSL3 increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), which resulted in enhanced neuronal damage. Lutein and zeaxanthin were added to the cells for 1 week, and these carotenoids suppressed mitochondrial oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in differentiated neuronal cells and mitigated neuronal damage. Further investigation is required to clarify the underlying pathways in detail.

Effects of Supplementation with NAD + Precursors on Metabolic Syndrome Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Intracellular levels of NAD + regulate metabolism, among other ways, through enzymes that use NAD + as a substrate, capable of inducing catabolic processes, such as lipid oxidation, glucose uptake, and mitochondrial activity. In several model organisms, administering precursor compounds for NAD + synthesis increases its levels, improves lipid and glucose homeostasis, and reduces weight gain. However, evidence of the effects of these precursors on human patients needs to be better evaluated. Therefore, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials that assessed the effects of NAD + precursors on Metabolic Syndrome parameters in humans. We based our methods on PRISMA 2020. Our search retrieved 429 articles, and 19 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. We assessed the risk of bias with the Rob 2 algorithm and summarized the quality of evidence with the GRADE algorithm. Supplementation with NAD + precursors reduced plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in volunteers, but the intervention did not significantly affect the other outcomes analyzed. Three of the included articles presented a high risk of bias. The quality of evidence varied between very low and low due to the risk of bias, imprecision, and indirectness. The number of participants in outcomes other than lipidemia is still generally tiny; therefore, more clinical trials evaluating these parameters will increase the quality of the evidence. On the other hand, quality randomized studies are essential to assess better the effects of NAD + precursors on lipidemia.

Ultra-high pressure assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Bangia fusco-purpurea: Structure and in vitro hypolipidemic activity

The structure and in vitro hypolipidemic activity of Bangia fusco-purpurea polysaccharide (BFP) assisted extracted with ultra-high pressure (UHP) at 100–600 MPa were studied. Compared to native BFP, UHP assisted extracted BFP had a more loose network structure with higher total sugar and uronic acid contents while less molecular weight (p < 0.05). Moreover, UHP assisted extraction significantly improved the in vitro hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of BFP. Especially at 400 MPa UHP, the cholesterol adsorption and antioxidant capacities of BFP were increased by approximately 38.02 % and 11.69 %–32.29 %, respectively. BFP with UHP assisted extraction could alleviate oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation and lipid oxidation in HepG2 cells more effectively by activating the AMPK signaling pathway as well as inhibiting PPARγ expression, which was much related with its reduced molecular weight and loose network structure. The findings indicated that UHP assisted extracted BFP has better potential to develop natural hypolipidemic agent.

Xinglou Chengqi Decoction Protects against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis via SLC7A11/GPX4 Signaling.

Xinglou Chengqi decoction (XLCQD) is a Chinese formula that offers benefits in ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanism of the effects of XLCQD-mediated anti-ischemic stroke effects remains obscure. This study investigates the ferroptosis mechanism of XLCQD against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury using rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Ferroptosis differs from traditional cell death pathways and is linked to oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) depletion, which is essential to the development of ischemic stroke. In this study, it is shown that XLCQD improves brain infarction, neurological dysfunction, and histopathological changes caused by MCAO/R exposure, and improving I/R-induced oxidative damage through inhibition of ferroptosis via (Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11) SLC7A11/ (glutathione peroxidase 4) GPX4 pathway. Interestingly, it is found that XLCQD-mediated protection in I/Ris reversed by the silence of SLC7A11. XLCQD intervention significantly promotes GSH content and suppresses Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS), iron accumulation, as well as Malondialdehyde (MDA) generation, are markedly abrogated when SLC7A11 is knockdown by SLC7A11-shRNA transfection, indicating that SLC7A11 is the main target of XLCQD to further trigger intracellular events. In conclusion, XLCQD attenuates in vivo cerebral I/R injury by reducing ferroptosis via the SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Attenuate Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Activating the FGF21-Adiponectin Axis.

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have shown promise in treating metabolic disorders, yet their specific mechanisms remain largely unclear. This study investigates the protective effects of exosomes from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSCs) against adiposity and insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. HFD-fed mice treated with hWJMSC-derived exosomes demonstrated improved gut barrier integrity, which restored immune balance in the liver and adipose tissues by reducing macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Furthermore, these exosomes normalized lipid metabolism including lipid oxidation and lipogenesis, which alleviate lipotoxicity-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, thereby decreasing fat accumulation and chronic tissue inflammation in hepatic and adipose tissues. Notably, hWJMSC-derived exosomes also promoted browning and thermogenic capacity of adipose tissues, which was linked to reduced fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) resistance and increased adiponectin production. This process activated the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway, highlighting the role of the FGF21-adiponectin axis. Our findings elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which hWJMSC-derived exosomes counteract HFD-induced metabolic dysfunctions, supporting their potential as therapeutic agents for metabolic disorders.

Lipid oxidation of argan compared to virgin olive, and cactus oils: Rancimat test for kinetic and thermodynamic analysis

Lipid oxidation of argan compared to virgin olive, and cactus oils: Rancimat test for kinetic and thermodynamic analysis

The change rule of lipid oxidation and hydrolysis driven via water in Antarctic krill oil: Based on association colloid formation

The residual water and amphiphilic compounds such as phospholipids in bulk oil can form reverse micelles, which affect oxidative stability. In this study, the Antarctic krill oil (AKO) samples with different water contents were subjected to accelerated storage. During storage, AKO exhibited oxidative changes, manifested as increased POV, TBARS values, and volatile compound levels but decreased PUFA percentages. Meanwhile, AKO underwent hydrolysis, evidenced by decreased PC, PE, and TG contents but increased FFA contents. Moreover, the degree of lipid oxidation and hydrolysis is dose-dependent with water added. Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy imaging and micelle size distribution measurement proved the presence of reverse micelle, and their size and interfacial area improved with increased water contents. Correlation analysis suggested that lipid oxidation and hydrolysis positively correlated with the size and interfacial area of reverse micelle. Therefore, it is speculated that the oil-water interface may be the site of lipid oxidation and hydrolysis.

Lipidomic Profiling and Storage-Induced Changes in Cassava Flour Using LC-MS/MS.

Cassava serves as a primary staple food for over one billion people worldwide. The quality of cassava flour is markedly affected by the oxidation and deterioration of lipids during storage. Despite its significance, the lipid composition of cassava flour and its alterations throughout storage periods have not been extensively studied. This study offers a comprehensive lipidomic analysis of cassava flour over storage periods using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results showed that 545 lipids from five classes and 27 subclasses were identified in cassava flour, including key substances such as free fatty acids (36 species), diglycerides (DGs) (31 species), and triglycerides (TGs) (259 species). Using Metware Cloud for statistical analysis, significant variations were observed in 50 lipid species over long-term storage, reflecting changes in lipid profiles due to storage. These lipids correlate with seven metabolic pathways, among which glycerolipid metabolism is the most affected. The metabolites associated with these pathways can differentiate cassava flour based on the length of storage. This study provides a theoretical basis and storage technology parameters for lipid changes during cassava flour storage.

Effects of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-tea polyphenols ice coating on the quality degradation of frozen-thawed beef due to changes in protein structure and fat and protein oxidation

During freeze-thaw (FT) cycles, protein structural degradation, lipid and protein oxidation can lead to quality deterioration of beef samples. To address this issue, we developed a cost-effective and easy-to-operate carboxymethyl cellulose sodium-tea polyphenol (CMC-TP) ice coating to inhibit quality deterioration caused by these factors. The beef samples were characterized for various quality attributes, lipid and protein oxidation, and protein structure. The results demonstrated that the CMC-TP ice coating significantly inhibited the deterioration in water-holding capacity (WHC) and tenderness of the beef samples (P < 0.05). Analysis of peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and carbonyl content revealed that the CMC-TP ice coating significantly suppressed lipid and protein oxidation during FT cycles (P < 0.05). Additionally, assessments of total sulfhydryl content, fluorescence intensity, and surface hydrophobicity indicated that the CMC-TP ice coating effectively mitigated protein structural degradation through antioxidant and cryoprotective effects (P < 0.05). Therefore, the CMC-TP ice coating can enhance the FT stability of beef.

Repercussion of manufacture and digestion process of foods enriched with sesame flour on the antioxidant response of human hepatocyte cultures

As natural bioactive compounds with recognized antioxidant power, polyphenols may impact on several diseases associated with oxidative stress. In this study, defatted sesame flour (DSF) was investigated as a potential source of dietary polyphenols and a functional ingredient. Additionally, the impact of manufacture and digestion processes on the biological efficacy of the resulting extracts in the HepG2 cell line was explored. For this purpose, polyphenolic extracts were obtained from three sources: DSF, a control sweet cookie formulation and 10% DSF-enriched cookies. In addition, extracts of potentially bioaccessible polyphenols from in vitro digested cookies were collected. Cells were incubated with all these extracts and then injured with H2O2. Intracellular oxidative state and viability, antioxidant enzymes activities, glutathione (GSH) content, and oxidation of proteins and lipids were analyzed. The results showed DSF pro-oxidant actions on the cellular redox state, which hormetically enhanced the antioxidant response. Similarly, biological activity of DSF enriched cookies was found to persist after manufacture and digestion, promoting lipid peroxidation alleviation and GSH replenishment.By promoting an antioxidant response in cells, DSF may be considered for functional incorporation, offering preventive benefits and protective action to counterbalance oxidative damage. This study contributes to highlighting the benefits of DFS validating its final biological effects in a cellular model.

Identification of Key Volatile Compounds in Tilapia during Air Frying Process by Quantitative Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry.

Air frying as a new roasting technology has potential for roasted fish production. In this study, the changes in volatile compounds (VCs) during air frying of tilapia were studied by quantitative gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry, followed by the identification of key VCs based on their odor activity value (OAV). There were 34 verified VCs, of which 16 VCs were identified as the key VCs with OAV ≥ 1. Most of the VCs were improved by air frying and peaked at 20 min. During the air frying, the total sulfhydryl content markedly decreased, while the protein carbonyl and MDA content significantly increased, suggesting the enhancement in the oxidation of lipids and proteins. The correlation network among the chemical properties and key VCs was constructed. The change in total sulfhydryl, protein carbonyl, and MDA showed significant correlation with most of the key VCs, especially 2-methyl butanal, ethyl acetate, and propanal. The results indicated that the oxidation of lipids and proteins contributed the most to the flavor improvement in air-fried tilapia. This study provides a crucial reference for the volatile flavor improvement and pre-cooked product development of roasted tilapia.

Table Olive Powder: A new ingredient from food industry discards

This study aimed to obtain olive powder from table olive industry discards to use it as a valuable ingredient for developing new products or for replacing commercial additives. The drying process was conducted by convective drying (50 °C and 70 °C) and freeze-drying. The raw material came from Spanish-style green pitted olives and anchovy-stuffed olives. Table olive powders were characterised by their proximate composition, physico-chemical characteristics, antioxidant properties and lipid oxidation. The drying process did not affect the final product's nutritional value, which was determined mainly by the employed raw material, but high temperatures strongly impacted colour and caused a reduction in the bioactive compounds between 60 and 70 %. The freeze-dried table olive powder had the highest phenolic content at over 2500 mg GAE/kg and antioxidant properties, which reduce product lipid oxidation below 2 mg MDA/kg. This work expounds the best drying process to obtain a novel high-quality ingredient from table olive discards.

Partitioning and inhibition of hemoglobin-mediated lipid oxidation in chicken by components of black chokeberry press cake

Partitioning and inhibition of hemoglobin-mediated lipid oxidation in chicken by components of black chokeberry press cake

Oxidative Stability of Fish Oil-Loaded Nanocapsules Produced by Electrospraying Using Kafirin or Zein Proteins as Wall Materials.

The encapsulation of fish oil by monoaxial electrospraying using kafirin or zein proteins as hydrophobic wall materials was investigated. Kafirin resulted in spherical fish oil-loaded nanocapsules (>50% of capsules below 1 µm), whereas zein led to fish oil-loaded nanocapsules with non-spherical morphology (>80% of capsules below 1 µm). Both hydrophobic encapsulating materials interacted with fish oil, successfully entrapping the oil within the protein matrix as indicated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy results. FTIR also suggested hydrogen bonding between fish oil and the proteins. Trapped radicals in the encapsulation matrix that were detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), indicated oxidation during electrospraying and storage. Results from isothermal (140 °C) differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) denoted that the encapsulation of fish oil by electrospraying using both kafirin or zein as wall materials protected fish oil from oxidation. In particular, the zein-based nanocapsules were 3.3 times more oxidatively stable than the kafirin-based nanocapsules, which correlates with the higher oil encapsulation efficiency found for zein-based capsules. Thus, this study shows that kafirin might be considered a hydrophobic wall material for the encapsulation of fish oil by electrospraying, although it prevented lipid oxidation to a lower extent when compared to zein.

Dry-ageing impacts on meat quality, oxidative stability, and release of free amino acids in striploins from dairy crossbred yearling and 2-year-old steers

This study determined the impacts of dry-ageing on meat quality, oxidative stability, and release of free amino acids (FAAs) in striploins from dairy-crossbred yearlings and 2-year-old steers (n = 12 each group) over 21 days of in-bag dry-ageing. Dry-ageing increased weight losses, with higher % drying rates in yearling meat during dry-ageing, likely due to the smaller loin size and lower intramuscular fat content (P < 0.05). Yearling meat showed greater (P < 0.05) decreases in moisture content, but both meats reached similar moisture levels by day 21. pH values increased with dry-ageing with variations at different ageing times. Dry-ageing reduced a*, b*, and chroma while increasing L* and hue angles on day 21 (P < 0.05), likely due to dehydration and lipid oxidation (higher TBARS, P < 0.05) after 14 days, especially in yearling meat. The decreased levels (P < 0.05) of some monounsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid cis-9, trans-11 were likely linked with lipid oxidation. Total levels of FAAs and essential amino acids increased significantly, especially within the first 7 days, with distinct patterns between the two meats. Dry-aged yearling meat contained more FAAs associated with sweat taste (e.g., glutamine and glycine) and fewer FAAs associated with bitter taste (e.g., phenylalanine and tyrosine). Carnosine levels varied and significantly increased after 21 days. Dry-ageing demonstrated distinct effects on dehydration, lipid oxidation, and release of FAAs in meat from yearlings compared with 2-year-old steers, which can be tailored to develop high-quality beef products with unique flavours.